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EP1489355B1 - Procédé et appareil pour réguler la puissance thermique d'un incinérateur - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil pour réguler la puissance thermique d'un incinérateur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1489355B1
EP1489355B1 EP04013325A EP04013325A EP1489355B1 EP 1489355 B1 EP1489355 B1 EP 1489355B1 EP 04013325 A EP04013325 A EP 04013325A EP 04013325 A EP04013325 A EP 04013325A EP 1489355 B1 EP1489355 B1 EP 1489355B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grate
incineration
regulated
variables
derived
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04013325A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1489355A1 (fr
Inventor
Michael Dr. Maurer
Martin H. Dipl.-Ing. Zwiellehner
Lothar Kern
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SAR Elektronic GmbH
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SAR Elektronic GmbH
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Publication of EP1489355A1 publication Critical patent/EP1489355A1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • F23N5/006—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties the detector being sensitive to oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/08—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with another medium, e.g. boiler water
    • F23N1/082—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with another medium, e.g. boiler water using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/08—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with another medium, e.g. boiler water
    • F23N1/10—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with another medium, e.g. boiler water and with air supply or draught
    • F23N1/102—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with another medium, e.g. boiler water and with air supply or draught using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
    • F23N3/08—Regulating air supply or draught by power-assisted systems
    • F23N3/082—Regulating air supply or draught by power-assisted systems using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/08—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements
    • F23N5/082—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/10—Arrangement of sensing devices
    • F23G2207/101—Arrangement of sensing devices for temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/10—Arrangement of sensing devices
    • F23G2207/101—Arrangement of sensing devices for temperature
    • F23G2207/1015—Heat pattern monitoring of flames
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/10—Arrangement of sensing devices
    • F23G2207/103—Arrangement of sensing devices for oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/10—Arrangement of sensing devices
    • F23G2207/113—Arrangement of sensing devices for oxidant supply flowrate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/20—Waste supply

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for controlling the fire performance of incinerators.
  • the DE OS 39 04 272 A1 deals with an improvement of the combustion process on the grate and proposes for this purpose a detector device in the form of several thermographic or infrared cameras, which detects the corresponding good bed temperature radiation of individual grate zones and the individual grate zones separately adjustable adjusting devices for the supply of Primary air and / or for the speed of the fuel in the good bed by individual grate zones are assigned. From this document is thus known the regulation or control of the individual grate zones with respect to primary air supply and / or for the speed as a function of measured grate zone temperatures.
  • EP 0 661 500 A discloses a method and a device for controlling the performance of the fire in which firing is abandoned at the beginning of a Feuerungsrostes, subjected to this on a locomotion and at the end of the Feuerungsrostes, the slag is discharged, the control of the fire performance is done in response to control variables.
  • the controlled variables used are oxygen content and / or CO content in the exhaust gas, furnace temperature, fuel bed height, and / or dust concentration.
  • the manipulated variables include the primary air quantity, the grate speed, the quenching speed and the secondary air quantity.
  • a radar device allows a three-dimensional detection of the fuel distribution on the furnace grate.
  • an infrared camera provides information about the combustion behavior of the fuel on the combustion grate.
  • the invention has for its object to optimize the fire control in incinerators, especially solid fuel combustion systems so that the formation of pollutants is reduced or prevented within the combustion process, the combustion conditions in the furnace should be continuously adjusted so that combustion-dependent emission loads can be influenced.
  • An essential goal of the fire performance control is in addition to optimal primary measures for emission reduction a maximum, as constant as possible energy conversion.
  • the control of the fire performance with regard to a possible constant maintenance of the produced amount of steam on the one hand and with regard to the lowest possible emission of pollutants on the other hand, and a possible boiler-preserving or corrosion of the boiler pipes preventive operation as a function of at least three measured or from measured values derived control variables A, B, and C, wherein the controlled variable A is derived from the measured amount of steam, the controlled variable B at least one gas type of the emitted substances directly or indirectly, and the controlled variable C from at least one of the fuel bed or the firebox associated temperature and / or calorific value of the combustible material is derived, and the control of the manipulated variables as a function of at least three measured or derived from
  • the controlled variable B to reproduce the oxygen content of the emitted substances directly or indirectly.
  • the measurement of the oxygen content O 2 in the flue gas of the incinerator takes place by means of a gas detector installed at a suitable location preferably in the flue of the incinerator gas detector with which, among other types of gas, the oxygen content O 2 of the flue gas can be measured and processed as a controlled variable. Since the total amount of air is kept constant depending on the load, the average oxygen content of the flue gas is constant with constant heat release and constant fuel composition.
  • the method according to the invention is based on the finding that the O 2 signal corresponding to the oxygen content of the flue gas reacts the fastest to a change in the intensity of the fire.
  • the oxygen content O 2 in the flue gas is inversely proportional to the live steam mass flow and can thus be used as an early indicator for a changing steam signal.
  • the power and oxygen regulators thus affect both the feed and all rust zones. It is important that the oxygen regulator is negatively weighted. This is due to the fact that an O 2 setpoint and actual value behave in opposite directions, ie inversely proportional to each other. A too low O 2 content, ie actual value ⁇ setpoint value, cancels close a too high or increasing amount of steam. If the regulator were weighted positively, it would make the grate and the charge faster in this case, which would be wrong if the amount of steam was already too high or increasing anyway. For this reason, the O 2 controller is negatively weighted, so if the O 2 value is too low, the rust and feed (if weighted) slows down.
  • the controlled variable C is determined from the firing position and / or the firing length of the firing bed, wherein the firing position is derived from one or more measured temperatures at the beginning of the grate or temperatures in the afterburning chamber, and the firing length one or more measured temperatures at the output end of the furnace grate is derived. From experiments it has emerged that the furnace temperatures are also suitable as substitute or additional measured variables for the vapor signal due to their short dead time. In order to obtain a representative value, the mean value can be formed from several temperatures and used for regulation. This average temperature value thus allows as a substitute measured value THu a conclusion on the Brennstoffehrpian Hu.
  • the firing position x moves in the direction of slag discharge, as in particular in Fig. 2 is shown in more detail.
  • a pyrometer above the burnout zone indirectly measures the slag temperature. Falling temperatures indicate a shortening of the fire on the grate, rising temperatures on an extension. The correspondingly measured temperature value can thus also be used as a substitute measured variable T I for the fire length I. It is now advantageous in a further development of the invention to be able to influence the firing position x as well as the fire length I by a variation of the transport speeds of the grate. Here, the regulation of the loading and transport speeds can be fully automated.
  • a particular advantage of the invention consists in the fact that the fire power control can be set for different types of fuel, with a separate parameter set for the fire performance control is provided for each type of fuel, the method for controlling the fire power during operation of the combustion system to other types of fuel is switched or switched can be.
  • the weighting of the controlled variables takes place in relation to the manipulated variables in the form of weighting factors, the quantity of which in particular according to the FIG. 3 present weighting matrix.
  • these weighting factors have, for example, the following values, each related to a standard value of 10: feed rate transport speed stoking Air volumes u. -distribution Primary air temperature Amount of steam ⁇ D 9 - 10 9 - 10 0 9 - 10 0 Oxygen O 2 7 - 9 7 - 9 9 - 10 5 - 7 0 Fire position T Hu 0 2 - 4 0 4 - 6 9 - 10 Fire length T I 0 7 - 9 0 3 - 5 0
  • a fourth controlled variable D is provided which is derived from the layer thickness and / or the air permeability of the combustion material located on the firing grate.
  • the measurement of the controlled variable D is preferably carried out by a pressure sensor.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 schematically illustrated combustion system comprises a Feuerungsrost 1, a charging device 2, a combustion chamber 3 with subsequent throttle cable 4, to which connect further throttle cables and the incinerator downstream units, in particular steam generation and emission control systems, which are not shown and explained in detail here.
  • the grate 1 comprises individually driven grate stages 5. Said drive makes it possible to adjust both the transport or conveying speed and the quenching speed.
  • the firing grate has, in addition to the transport of the fuel 16 and the function to stoke the kiln. Below the firing grate divided subwind chambers 7.1 to 7.5 are provided both in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction, which are acted upon separately via individual lines 8.1 to 8.5 with primary air L ⁇ P. At the end of the firing grate 1, the burned slag is discharged into a slag chute 10, from where the slag falls into a non-slag chaff.
  • the loading device 2 comprises a feed hopper 11, a feed chute 12, a feed table 13 and one or more juxtaposed and / or superimposed, optionally independently controllable feed piston 14, which slips down in the feed chute 12 via a garbage feed 15 feeder table 13 in the Push combustion chamber 3 onto the combustion grate 1.
  • a discontinuous feed with a four-part Dosierst Congressel (top left, top right, bottom left, bottom right). Through a slow forward stroke and a fast return stroke of the furnace grate 1 can be quasi fed continuously.
  • the fuel 16 applied to the furnace grate 1 is pre-dried by the air coming from the underwinding zone 7.1 and heated and ignited by the radiation prevailing in the furnace 3 radiation.
  • the main fire zone is located, while in the area of the underwinding zones 7.4 and 7.5 the forming slag burns out and then reaches the slag chute 10.
  • various actuators are in FIG. 1 and 2 indicated that serve to control various factors or devices to perform the desired control of the fire performance can.
  • the adjusting devices for influencing the transport and speeding speeds wsn with 21, for the on and off frequency or for the speeds w B of the feed piston with 23, and designated for the primary air quantities L Pn with 24, which is able to each individual sub-wind chamber 7 to supply the required primary air quantities L ⁇ Pn .
  • each air supply line 8 an air flow meter 18 and in the underwinding chambers 7.1 and 7.2, a temperature sensor 17 and in the underwinding chamber 7.1 a pressure sensor 19 is provided while two further temperature sensors 20a and 20b are arranged in the combustion chamber 3 in order to be able to measure the temperatures at two different locations in the combustion chamber 3.
  • the inventive method which is characterized in that the control of the fire performance in dependence on at least three measured or derived from measured values controlled variables A, B, and C, wherein the controlled variable A is derived from the measured amount of steam, the controlled variable B at least one Gas type of emitted substances directly or indirectly reproduces, and the controlled variable C derived from at least one of the fuel bed or the firebox associated temperature and / or calorific value of the fuel is, and the control of the manipulated variables as a function of at least three measured or derived from measurements controlled variables in a predetermined, variably adjustable weighting of these control variables.
  • One goal of optimal fire control is to reduce or prevent the formation of pollutants within the combustion process.
  • the combustion conditions in the combustion chamber are continuously adjusted so that combustion-dependent emission loads can be influenced.
  • These measures are of particular importance, as they do not displace the pollutants but can actually reduce or prevent their formation. These are therefore dynamic measures that intervene in the combustion process in terms of control technology.
  • combustion control the historically coined term is misleading insofar as not only the fire performance, ie the steam production, is regulated by the fire power control, but in parallel and even superficially the combustion-dependent pollutants are minimized.
  • Another key objective of the so-called "fire performance control” is, in addition to optimal primary measures for emission reduction, a maximum, as constant as possible energy conversion.
  • the usually prevailing rule philosophy here consists in a fixation on a guaranteed nominal steam generation, i. to "dash" drive the incinerator under any time compliance with the set value.
  • a gas detector 25 is installed at a suitable location in the throttle cable 4, with which, inter alia, the oxygen content O 2 of the flue gas can be measured and processed further as a controlled variable.
  • the average oxygen content of the flue gas is constant with constant heat release and constant fuel composition.
  • O 2 signal reacts the fastest to a change in the fire intensity.
  • the oxygen content O 2 in the flue gas is inversely proportional to the live steam mass flow and can thus be used as an early indicator for a changing steam signal.
  • the power and oxygen regulators thus affect both the feed and all rust zones. It is important that the oxygen regulator is negatively weighted. This is due to the fact that a 02-Soll- u. Actual value in opposite directions - ie inversely proportional to each other. Too low an O 2 content, ie actual value ⁇ set value, indicates an excessive or increasing steam quantity. If the regulator were weighted positively, it would make the grate and the charge faster in this case, which would be wrong if the amount of steam was already too high or increasing anyway. For this reason, the O 2 controller is negatively weighted, so if the O 2 value is too low, the rust and feed (if weighted) slows down.
  • the temperature sensor 20a measures the combustion chamber temperature in the area of the afterburning chamber
  • the temperature sensor 20b measures the combustion chamber temperature in the area of the end of the rust in the combustion ceiling.
  • the two temperature sensors 20a and 20b are, for example, radiation pyrometers ("cameras"), which are installed at suitable locations in the afterburner chamber or in the burnout ceiling at the grate end.
  • the two radiation pyrometers 20a and 20b are intended to be able to draw conclusions about the calorific value of the current fuel and, if necessary, to react to it and to be able to initiate suitable countermeasures.
  • furnace temperatures are also suitable as substitute or additional measured variables for the vapor signal due to their short dead time.
  • the mean value of both temperatures is formed and used for regulation. This average temperature value thus allows as a substitute measured variable T Hu a conclusion on the Brennstoffikiwert H u .
  • FIG. 3 These relationships are shown with reference to three schematically illustrated curves 1, 2 and 3 of the firing temperatures of the fuel as a function of the geometric size x ("fire length").
  • Curve 1 shows the normal temperature distribution. If the mean temperature value T Hu is lower than a normal value, the curve maximum of the firing position x moves in the direction of slag discharge, as shown in curves 2 and 3 in FIG Fig. 3 is shown in more detail, wherein the curve 3 represents a particularly low average temperature T Hu .
  • the pyrometer 20b above the burnout zone indirectly measures the slag temperature. Falling temperatures TI indicate a shortening of the hearth on the grate towards the feed, increasing temperatures TI on an extension of the fire length towards slag discharge.
  • the camera 20b supplies a signal, which can thus also be used as a substitute measured variable TI for the fire length I. It now makes sense to be able to influence the firing position x and the firing length I by varying the transport speeds of the grate. Here, the regulation of the loading and transport speeds can be fully automated.
  • the invention also allows a "calorific value" with the manipulated variable Y Hu and a “Feuerlagereger” with the manipulated variable Y I.
  • FIG. 4 shows Fig. 4 a schematic weighting matrix of the control scheme as a function of the control variables of the incinerator with weighting factors
  • FIG. 5 and 6 schematically the regulatory processes
  • FIG. 5 the load - dependent air volumes and the primary air distribution as well as the controlled air volume distribution
  • FIG. 6 the load-dependent transport speeds, as well as correction and adjustment of the transport speeds are taken into account.
  • Fig. 2 summarized by the reference numeral 26 shown measured value detection device, and the evaluation of the measured data and the actual control is done with a in Fig. 1 summarized by the reference numeral 27 designated evaluation and control circuit.
  • PID controller proportional-integral-differential controller
  • each PID controller On the input side, each PID controller has a connection w for the respective corresponding input variable as setpoint and a connection x for the corresponding actual value of the controlled variable, and supplies at the output in each case a manipulated variable value y to the evaluation and control circuit 27.
  • This supplies, taking into account Correction factors K and, above all, taking into account the weighting factors G predetermined according to the invention, the corresponding control signals for regulating the air quantities L ⁇ (FIG. Fig. 5 ) or the loading, purging and transport speeds ⁇ ( Fig. 6 ).
  • Fig. 4 the interaction between manipulated variables and controlled variables with different weighting factors is clarified.
  • the various symbols are intended to represent the various manipulated variables.
  • the matrix representation clarifies that manipulated variables and controlled variables can be linked to one another at will.
  • the different size of the symbols shows the weighting factor and thus the different parametric influence of manipulated variables and controlled variables.
  • the Figure 4 is intended to illustrate a matrix with zonal and controller-dependent single weighting factors for the fixed load (GF), the oxygen content (GO2), the calorific value (GHu) and the firing length (G1), where a "big” symbol means a weighting factor of 100%; if there is no symbol in an intersection of the controlled variables, this represents a weighting factor of 0%; Therefore, the bigger the symbol, the bigger the weighting factor.
  • the occupancy of this table can be used to influence the overall control of firing capacity for feed and rust velocities.
  • the air volumes and their distribution and transport speeds are thus influenced by all four controllers, whereas the quenching speed is only changed by the oxygen content ,
  • the feed rate is controlled or regulated primarily via the amount of steam, secondarily via the oxygen content in the flue gas.
  • a fourth controlled variable D is provided, which is derived from the layer thickness and / or the air permeability of the combustion material located on the firing grate ( Fig. 2 / 16).
  • the measurement of the controlled variable D is preferably carried out by a in Fig. 2
  • the measurement of the controlled variable D by the pressure sensor 19 can also take place in any zone 1-x or in each zone 1-x.
  • one can also detect, for example, if there is on the side of the feed a Pouching or similar disorders, and react accordingly.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Procédé de réglage de la puissance thermique en vue de maintenir aussi constante que possible la quantité de vapeur produite d'une part et en vue d'une émission aussi faible que possible de substances toxiques d'autre part, ainsi que d'un fonctionnement d'unité d'incinération et en particulier d'unités d'incinération de substances solides préservant autant que possible la chaudière ou prévenant la corrosion des tuyaux de chaudière, au cours duquel de la matière à brûler (16) est apportée au début d'une grille de combustion (1), attisée et transportée sur celle-ci et où au bout de la grille de combustion (1), la crasse est évacuée,
    dans lequel le réglage de la puissance thermique se fait en fonction d'au moins trois valeurs contrôles mesurées ou dérivées de valeurs de mesure A, B et C, sachant que la valeur contrôle A est dérivée de la quantité de vapeur ṁ Dist mesurée, que la valeur contrôle B restitue directement ou indirectement au moins un type de gaz des substances émises et que la valeur contrôle C est dérivée d'au moins une des températures et/ou valeurs thermique de la matière à brûler (16) affectées au lit de combustion ou à la chambre de combustion (3) et que le réglage des valeurs de réglage se fait en fonction d'au moins les trois valeurs contrôle mesurées ou dérivées des mesures, dans une pondération réglable prédéfinie, variable de ces valeurs contrôle.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la valeur contrôle B restitue directement ou indirectement la teneur en oxygène des substances émises.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la valeur contrôle C est obtenue à partir de la position de feu et/ou de la longueur de feu du lit de combustion, sachant que la position de feu est dérivée d'une ou plusieurs températures mesurée au début de la grille ou de températures mesurées dans la chambre de postcombustion et que la longueur de feu est dérivée d'une ou plusieurs températures mesurées à l'extrémité de sortie de la grille de combustion (1).
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les valeurs de mesure de températures correspondant à la valeur contrôle C sont mesurées à l'aide de pyromètres optique.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les valeurs de réglages de l'unité d'incinération devant être réglées présentent la vitesse d'alimentation Ẇ B, c'est-à-dire la vitesse à laquelle le combustible (16) est transportée du dispositif d'alimentation (2) à la grille de combustion (1), la vitesse de transport de la grille Ẇ RN, c'est-à-dire la vitesse à laquelle la matière à brûler (16) se déplace sur la grille de combustion, la vitesse d'attisement de la grille Ẇ SN, c'est-à-dire la vitesse à laquelle la matière à brûler (16) est attisée dans chacune des zones de la grille, la quantité d'air primaire envoyée L̇ PN, la quantité d'air secondaire L̇ SN apportée dans la transition avant et arrière de la chambre de combustion (3) avec la zone de postcombustion (4), la quantité d'air tertiaire L̇ T apportée dans la paroi droite et gauche de la chambre de combustion (3) et la température d'air primaire TPL.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la pondération des valeurs contrôle en proportion des valeurs de réglage est représentée sous forme de facteurs de pondération prédéterminés dans une matrice de pondération, sachant que dans leur quantité, les facteurs de pondération existent en particulier selon la matrice de pondération représentée dans la figure 3.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les facteurs de pondération de la matrice de pondération possèdent les valeurs basées sur une valeur normalisée de 10 suivante : Vitesse d'alimentation Vitesse de transport Vitesse d'attisement Répartition de la quantité d'air Température de l'air primaire Quantité de vapeur mD 9 - 10 9 -10 0 9 - 10 0 Oxygène O2 7-9 7-9 9-10 5-7 0 Position de feu T Bu 0 2 - 4 0 4 - 6 9 - 10 Longueur de feu TI 0 7 - 9 0 3 - 5 0
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le réglage de la puissance thermique est adapté aux différents types de combustibles, sachant que pour chaque type de combustible un groupe de paramètres propre est prévu pour le réglage de la puissance thermique, sachant que le procédé de réglage de la puissance thermique commute ou peut être commuté pendant le fonctionnement de l'unité d'incinération sur d'autres types de combustibles.
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le réglage de la quantité d'air et de la répartition d'air dans l'unité d'incinération se fait entièrement séparément du réglage de la vitesse d'alimentation et de transport de la matière à brûler.
  10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'au-delà des trois valeurs contrôle A, B et C, sont aussi prévues d'autres valeurs contrôle D, E, F..., sachant que toutes les valeurs contrôle peuvent être combinées librement et de façon quelconque, sachant qu'en particulier une quatrième valeur contrôle D est prévue, laquelle est dérivée de l'épaisseur de la couche et/ou de la perméabilité à l'air de la matière à brûler se trouvant sur la grille de combustion, sachant que la quatrième valeur contrôle D permet de déduire le type et/ou l'épaisseur de la couche de matière se trouvant sur la grille.
  11. Dispositif de réglage de la puissance thermique d'unité d'incinération, en particulier d'unité d'incinération de substances solides, dans lequel une matière à brûler (16) est amenée au début d'une grille de combustion (1), attisée et transportée sur celle-ci et où au bout de la grille de combustion (1), la crasse est évacuée, le dispositif présentant
    un dispositif de mesure de la vapeur servant à mesurer la quantité de vapeur produite ṁ Dist, sachant que de la quantité de vapeur mesurée ṁ Dist est dérivée une valeur contrôle A,
    un dispositif de détection des gaz servant à déterminer le type de gaz des substances émises, sachant qu'à partir de la définition du type de gaz est dérivée une valeur contrôle B, laquelle restitue directement ou indirectement au moins un type de gaz des substances émises,
    un dispositif de mesure de la température livrant une valeur contrôle C, laquelle est dérivée d'au moins une température et/ou valeur thermique de la matière à brûler (16) affectée au lit de combustion ou à la chambre de combustion, et
    un dispositif de réglage affecté au dispositif de mesure de la vapeur, au dispositif de détection des gaz et au dispositif de mesure de la température, lequel commande le réglage de la puissance thermique en vue de maintenir aussi constante que possible la quantité de vapeur produite ṁ Dist d'une part et en vue d'une émission aussi faible que possible de substances toxiques d'autre part, ainsi que d'un fonctionnement préservant autant que possible la chaudière ou prévenant la corrosion des tuyaux de chaudière, en fonction d'au moins les trois valeurs contrôles A, B et C mesurées ou dérivées de valeurs de mesure, sachant que la commande des valeurs de réglage se fait en fonction d'au moins les trois valeurs contrôle mesurées ou dérivées de mesures, dans une pondération prédéterminée, réglable et variable de ces valeurs contrôle.
EP04013325A 2003-06-18 2004-06-05 Procédé et appareil pour réguler la puissance thermique d'un incinérateur Expired - Lifetime EP1489355B1 (fr)

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DE10327471A DE10327471B3 (de) 2003-06-18 2003-06-18 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Regeln der Feuerleistung von Verbrennungsanlagen
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AT501847B1 (de) * 2005-02-02 2007-04-15 Innovative Elektrotechnische P Verfahren zum erzeugen eines frühindikatorsignals
PL1832810T3 (pl) 2006-03-09 2013-03-29 Abb Technology Ag Sterowanie procesu spalania odpadów
RU2415339C2 (ru) * 2008-05-29 2011-03-27 Мартин ГмбХ Фюр Умвельт-Унд Энергитехник Установка для сжигания и способ регулирования установки для сжигания
EP2385321A3 (fr) * 2010-04-22 2014-12-17 Artur Cebula Procédé de régulation du procédé de combustion dans des chaudières de chauffage central à combustion solide
DE102011119145A1 (de) 2010-11-23 2012-05-24 Sar Elektronic Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Beeinflussung von Korrosionserscheinungen in Dampferzeugern
DE102012000262B4 (de) * 2012-01-10 2015-12-17 Jörg Krüger Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbesserung des Ausbrandes von Schlacken auf Verbrennungsrosten
AT512353A1 (de) * 2012-01-11 2013-07-15 Siemens Ag Oesterreich Verfahren zur regelung einer verbrennungs- und/oder vergasungseinrichtung
CN107290966A (zh) * 2017-08-04 2017-10-24 光大环保技术研究院（南京）有限公司 一种调整炉排速度的模糊控制方法、控制器及控制系统
FR3103027B1 (fr) 2019-11-08 2021-11-26 Cnim Groupe Procédé de régulation d’une installation de combustion, ainsi qu’installation de combustion correspondante
CN111538355B (zh) * 2020-05-06 2023-02-24 安徽工业大学 一种基于ga-igpc的锅炉烟气含氧量控制方法和系统
CN117091141A (zh) * 2023-09-08 2023-11-21 上海环境卫生工程设计院有限公司 一种辐射式气化焚烧炉

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US4838183A (en) * 1988-02-11 1989-06-13 Morse Boulger, Inc. Apparatus and method for incinerating heterogeneous materials
DE3825931A1 (de) * 1988-07-29 1990-02-01 Martin Umwelt & Energietech Verfahren und vorrichtung zur regelung der feuerungsleistung von verbrennungsanlagen
DE3904272C3 (de) * 1989-02-14 1998-01-08 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Verfahren zum Erfassen der von mindestens zwei räumlich getrennten Stellen mindestens einer Verbrennungszone auf einem Rost ausgehenden Strahlung und Vorrichtung zum Erfassen einer solchen Strahlung
DE4220149C2 (de) * 1992-06-19 2002-06-13 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Verfahren zum Regelung der Verbrennung von Müll auf einem Rost einer Feuerungsanlage und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE4344906C2 (de) * 1993-12-29 1997-04-24 Martin Umwelt & Energietech Verfahren zum Regeln einzelner oder sämtlicher die Verbrennung auf einem Feuerungsrost beeinflussender Faktoren
DE4428159C2 (de) * 1994-08-09 1998-04-09 Martin Umwelt & Energietech Verfahren zur Regelung der Feuerung bei Verbrennungsanlagen, insbesondere Abfallverbrennungsanlagen
DE4445954A1 (de) * 1994-12-22 1996-06-27 Abb Management Ag Verfahren zur Verbrennung von Abfällen
DE19820038C2 (de) * 1998-05-05 2000-03-23 Martin Umwelt & Energietech Verfahren zum Regeln der Feuerleistung von Verbrennungsanlagen

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DE502004010059D1 (de) 2009-10-29
EP1489355A1 (fr) 2004-12-22
ATE443236T1 (de) 2009-10-15

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