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EP0949995A4 - Panneaux resistants aux impacts et a l'epreuve du percement - Google Patents

Panneaux resistants aux impacts et a l'epreuve du percement

Info

Publication number
EP0949995A4
EP0949995A4 EP98901230A EP98901230A EP0949995A4 EP 0949995 A4 EP0949995 A4 EP 0949995A4 EP 98901230 A EP98901230 A EP 98901230A EP 98901230 A EP98901230 A EP 98901230A EP 0949995 A4 EP0949995 A4 EP 0949995A4
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lamina
panel
polymeric material
laminae
strands
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98901230A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0949995A1 (fr
Inventor
Frank J Macdonald
Margaret M Woodside
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Owens Corning
Original Assignee
Owens Corning
Owens Corning Fiberglas Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Owens Corning, Owens Corning Fiberglas Corp filed Critical Owens Corning
Publication of EP0949995A1 publication Critical patent/EP0949995A1/fr
Publication of EP0949995A4 publication Critical patent/EP0949995A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/08—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers
    • B29C70/081—Combinations of fibres of continuous or substantial length and short fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
    • B29C70/20—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres
    • B29C70/202—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres arranged in parallel planes or structures of fibres crossing at substantial angles, e.g. cross-moulding compound [XMC]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/024—Woven fabric
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/02—Shutters, movable grilles, or other safety closing devices, e.g. against burglary
    • E06B9/06—Shutters, movable grilles, or other safety closing devices, e.g. against burglary collapsible or foldable, e.g. of the bellows or lazy-tongs type
    • E06B9/0607—Shutters, movable grilles, or other safety closing devices, e.g. against burglary collapsible or foldable, e.g. of the bellows or lazy-tongs type comprising a plurality of similar rigid closing elements movable to a storage position
    • E06B9/0615—Shutters, movable grilles, or other safety closing devices, e.g. against burglary collapsible or foldable, e.g. of the bellows or lazy-tongs type comprising a plurality of similar rigid closing elements movable to a storage position characterised by the closing elements
    • E06B9/0638—Slats or panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/02—Shutters, movable grilles, or other safety closing devices, e.g. against burglary
    • E06B9/06—Shutters, movable grilles, or other safety closing devices, e.g. against burglary collapsible or foldable, e.g. of the bellows or lazy-tongs type
    • E06B9/0607—Shutters, movable grilles, or other safety closing devices, e.g. against burglary collapsible or foldable, e.g. of the bellows or lazy-tongs type comprising a plurality of similar rigid closing elements movable to a storage position
    • E06B9/0646—Shutters, movable grilles, or other safety closing devices, e.g. against burglary collapsible or foldable, e.g. of the bellows or lazy-tongs type comprising a plurality of similar rigid closing elements movable to a storage position characterised by the relative arrangement of the closing elements in the stored position
    • E06B9/0676—Shutters, movable grilles, or other safety closing devices, e.g. against burglary collapsible or foldable, e.g. of the bellows or lazy-tongs type comprising a plurality of similar rigid closing elements movable to a storage position characterised by the relative arrangement of the closing elements in the stored position stored in a stacked configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0471—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
    • F41H5/0485—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers all the layers being only fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2007/00—Flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
    • B29L2007/002—Panels; Plates; Sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/558—Impact strength, toughness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/58—Cuttability
    • B32B2307/581—Resistant to cut
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2419/00—Buildings or parts thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to impact and puncture resistant panels and, more particularly, to impact and puncture resistant panels formed from strand material which includes reinforcing fibers and polymeric material.
  • Impact and puncture resistant panels are useful in many applications, including as protective coverings for cash windows of financial institutions, coverings for kiosks and carts in open areas of shopping malls, side panels for tractor trailers, boat hulls, aircraft parts and other articles and parts for which impact resistance and/or puncture resistance are desired.
  • protective coverings for cash windows of financial institutions coverings for kiosks and carts in open areas of shopping malls
  • side panels for tractor trailers boat hulls, aircraft parts and other articles and parts for which impact resistance and/or puncture resistance are desired.
  • shutters or window covers shall now be described. Buildings and houses located in areas prone to severe weather conditions, such as hurricanes and tornados, are often exposed to wind borne debris during those severe weather conditions. Windows and doors, especially those made of glass, are most vulnerable to wind borne debris, such as tree branches, rocks and portions of surrounding structures.
  • Shutters made of aluminum and steel are currently used to protect vulnerable portions of buildings and houses because shutters made from these materials can be manufactured to meet building and housing codes in regions which experience severe weather conditions.
  • steel and even aluminum shutters undergo pitting and strength degradation associated with corrosion, particularly in regions along the sea coast, where the air contains a high concentration of corrosive salt.
  • metal shutters can be somewhat heavy.
  • an impact and puncture resistant panel which can prevent the penetration of wind borne debris during severe weather conditions, is corrosion resistant and is relatively lightweight.
  • an impact and puncture resistant panel that is relatively inexpensive to produce and readily adapted to various applications and strength requirements.
  • the present invention satisfies the current needs in the art by providing a panel precursor which can be used to produce an impact and puncture resistant panel, having a fiber reinforced polymeric matrix, which is relatively resistant to penetration, inexpensive, corrosion resistant and lightweight.
  • the impact and puncture resistant panels of the present invention are formed using a panel precursor comprising a plurality of laminae.
  • Each of the laminae comprises a plurality of strands, with each strand comprising a plurality of fibers, including reinforcing fibers, and at least one polymeric material.
  • the polymeric material forms all, substantially all, or at least part, of the matrix for the panel.
  • All of the matrix refers to the polymeric material from the strands providing all of the matrix except for that formed by any chemical treatment that may have been applied to the reinforcing fibers or any fiber made from the polymeric material.
  • Substantially all refers to the polymeric material from the strands being enough to provide a matrix for all of the reinforcing fibers of the panel.
  • a portion of the polymeric material of each of the laminae is fused to a portion of the polymeric material of another of the laminae so as to join the laminae together.
  • the plurality of laminae comprises a first lamina and a second lamina.
  • Each of the laminae has a first plurality of the strands forming a first layer of strands and a second plurality of the strands forming a second layer of strands.
  • a portion of the polymeric material from the first plurality of the strands is fused to a portion of the polymeric material from the second plurality of the strands so as to join the first plurality of the strands in an angular relation to the second plurality of the strands.
  • a portion of the polymeric material from the first lamina is fused to a portion of the polymeric material from the second lamina so as to join the first lamina at an angle to the second lamina.
  • the plurality of laminae comprises a first lamina and a second lamina. Each of the laminae has a plurality of the strands woven together. A portion of the polymeric material from the first lamina is fused to a portion of the polymeric material from the second lamina so as to join the strands of the first lamina in an angular relation to the strands of the second lamina. It may be desirable for a panel of the present invention to include lamina from each of the above two exemplary embodiments.
  • the invention is also directed to an impact and puncture resistant shutter comprising a plurality of panels operatively adapted for being secured to the exterior of a building. Each of the panels is produced using the present panel precursors.
  • Fig. 1 presents a cutaway view showing the laminae of a panel formed according to one embodiment of this invention.
  • Fig. 2 presents a cutaway view showing the laminae of a panel formed according to another embodiment of this invention.
  • Fig. 3 present a cutaway view of a modification of the panel of Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 4 presents a perspective view of a plurality of panels of this invention in the form of a shutter.
  • Fig. 4A presents a sectional view of the shutter shown in Fig. 4, taken along lines 4A-4A.
  • Fig. 5 presents a perspective view of a plurality of panels of this invention in the form of an alternate shutter.
  • Fig. 5 A presents a sectional view of the shutter of Fig. 5, taken along lines 5A-5A.
  • Fig. 6 presents a perspective view of a plurality of panels of this invention in the form of a window covering.
  • Fig. 6A presents an enlarged view of a portion of Fig. 6 showing the manner in which the window covering of Fig. 6 can be attached to a wall.
  • Fig. 6B presents a sectional side view of a latch mechanism that can be used to attach the window covering of Fig. 6 to a wall.
  • Fig. 7 presents a perspective view of a plurality of panels of this invention in the form of another alternate shutter.
  • Fig. 7 A presents a sectional view of the shutter shown in Fig. 7, taken along lines 7A-7A.
  • Fig. 8 presents a perspective view of a plurality of panels of this invention in the form of an additional alternate shutter.
  • Fig. 8 A presents a sectional view of the shutter shown in Fig. 8, taken along lines 8A-8A.
  • the present invention is directed to an impact and puncture resistant panel 10.
  • the present panel 10 is a lamination comprising a plurality of laminae 12, each of which is formed from a plurality of reinforcement strands 16.
  • Each strand 16 includes a plurality of reinforcing fibers 17 and at least one polymeric material 19.
  • Useful reinforcing fibers can be any suitable reinforcing fiber including those selected from the group consisting of E-glass fibers, S-glass fibers, graphite fibers, aramid fibers, silicon carbide fibers, other fibers having suitable reinforcing characteristics and various combinations thereof.
  • the polymeric material 19 can be any suitable polymeric material including a thermoplastic polymeric material selected from the group consisting of polyamides, polypropylenes, polyesters, polyethylenes, polyphenylene sulfides and other like thermoplastic materials.
  • the polymeric material 19 may be in the form of polymeric fibers which are commingled or combined with one or more reinforcing fibers 17 to form the strands 16.
  • Methods for making commingled reinforcing and polymer fiber strands are disclosed in detail in copending U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 08/311,817 filed September 26, 1994 (Attorney Docket 23422A) and entitled “METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING COMPOSITE STRANDS," by Andrew B. Woodside et al. The applicants hereby incorporate by reference the '817 application in its entirety.
  • weight ratio of reinforcing fibers to polymer fibers it is desirable, though not required, for the weight ratio of reinforcing fibers to polymer fibers to range from about 40/60 to about 60/40. It can be more desirable for the weight ratio of reinforcing fibers to polymer fibers to be about 50:50.
  • the strands 16 may comprise a plurality of the reinforcing fibers 17 with the polymeric material 19 wire-coating or otherwise forming a layer around the reinforcing fibers 17 of each strand 16.
  • These coated strands 16 may also include fibers made of the polymeric material 19 that are commingled with the reinforcing fibers 17.
  • the strands 16 are formed by wire coating, commingling reinforcing and polymer fibers, or a combination thereof, it may or may not be desirable for the resulting strands 16 to be sized, impregnated or preimpregnated with a suitable chemical treatment.
  • the cohesiveness of the fibers forming each of the strands 16 may be maintained by means of a suitable aqueous, nonaqueous, or solvent free chemical treatment.
  • the chemical treatment can be applied so as to size the fibers before they are formed into a strand 16. However, to insure the cohesiveness of the fibers, it is desirable for the chemical treatment to be applied to the fibers in a sufficient amount to also at least partially, if not fully, preimpregnate the resulting strand 16. As an alternative, the chemical treatment can be partially or fully impregnated into a formed strand 16.
  • One chemical treatment that has been applied to maintain the cohesiveness of the fibers in the strand 16 is an aqueous based urethane chemical treatment available from Reichhold Chemicals of Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina, under the product identification number 97903.
  • Another chemical treatment that has been used with the strands 16 is a non-aqueous based polyester chemical treatment.
  • This polyester chemical treatment is a polyester resin available from Alpha/Owens-Corning of Collierville, Tennessee, under the product identification number E830.
  • 1% by weight of benzoyl peroxide powder is mixed into 5% by weight styrene.
  • This styrene/benzoyl peroxide mixture is then mixed with 2% by weight of the silane gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (A 174), available from Witco Chemical Company of Chicago, Illinois, and 92% by weight of the polyester resin E830.
  • silane gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane A 174
  • a suitable chemical treatment is one which is compatible with the polymeric material 19.
  • any chemical treatment applied to the reinforcing fibers it is desirable for any chemical treatment applied to the reinforcing fibers to be compatible with the matrix material.
  • any chemical treatment being used in the strands 16 it is desirable for any chemical treatment being used in the strands 16 to be compatible with the polymeric material 19, which forms at least part of the matrix for the reinforcing fibers 17 of each panel 10.
  • a chemical treatment is considered compatible with the polymeric material if it is capable of interacting with and/or reacting with the polymeric material.
  • a chemical treatment can be considered compatible if stress loads (static or dynamic), applied to a panel 10 formed using such a chemical treatment, are transferable from the polymeric material 19 to the reinforcing fibers 17 or from the fibers 17 to the polymeric material 19 through the chemical treatment formed as an interface therebetween.
  • the applied chemical treatment may comprise the same type of material as the polymeric material.
  • the compatible chemical treatments may be miscible in the polymeric material, in whole or in part, and/or may form a separate phase from the polymeric material. Referring to Fig. 1, one embodiment 11 of the panel 10 comprises a plurality of laminae 12, four of which are shown in Fig. 1 for illustration purposes.
  • the panel 11 includes a first lamina 14, a second lamina 18, a third lamina 20 and a fourth lamina 22.
  • Each lamina 14, 18, 20 and 22 comprises a plurality of strands 16 which each comprises a plurality of reinforcing fibers 17 and at least one polymeric material 19.
  • the laminae 14, 18, 20, and 22 are joined together by fusing a portion of the polymeric material 19 of one lamina 12 with a portion of the polymeric material 19 of another lamina 12.
  • polymeric material 19 from the strands 16 of the lamina 14 fuses with the polymeric material 19 from the strands 16 of the lamina 18; polymeric material 19 from the strands 16 of the lamina 18 fuses with the polymeric material 19 from the strands 16 of the lamina 20; and polymeric material 19 from the strands 16 of the lamina 5 20 fuses with the polymeric material 19 from the strands 16 of the lamina 22.
  • the polymeric material 19 of the laminae 12 are sufficiently melted and fused together to provide the panel 10 with the mechanical properties desired.
  • the polymeric material 19 from each of the strands 16 forms all, substantially all, or at least part, of the matrix for the reinforcing fibers 17 of each panel
  • All of the matrix refers to the polymeric material 19 from the strands 16 providing all of the matrix except for that formed by any chemical treatment that may have been applied to the reinforcing fibers 17 or any fibers made of the polymeric material 19.
  • Substantially all of the matrix refers to the polymeric material 19 from the strands 16 being enough to provide a matrix for all of the reinforcing fibers 17 in
  • the various lamina 14, 18, 20 and 22 are positioned angularly in relation to each other.
  • the first lamina 14 is arranged angularly to the second lamina 18 which is arranged angularly to the third lamina 20.
  • the panel 11 is provided with reinforcement against loads applied along both its machine direction (i.e., length) and its cross machine direction (i.e., width).
  • the strands 16 forming any lamina of a panel 11 can be positioned next to each other or they can be spaced apart. For some applications, a porous panel 11 is desirable. For example, having
  • a porous panel 11 would allow air to flow through the panel 11 in order to compensate for air pressure differences on either side of the panel 11.
  • the strands 16 in each lamina of a panel 11 can be sufficiently spaced apart to form openings through the panel 11. Laminae having strands spaced up to about 1 inch (2.54 cm) apart have been produced. It is believed that panels 11 with laminae having strands 16 spaced even
  • each of the laminae 14, 18, 20 and 22 is in the form of a reinforcement mat 24 which has a first layer 26 of the strands 16 and a second layer 28 of the strands 16.
  • the first and second layers 26 and 28 are positioned relative to one another so that their strands 16 of one layer 26 are at an angle ⁇ from the strands 16 of the 5 other layer 28. It is desirable for the angle ⁇ to be in the range of from about 6° to about 174°. It is more desirable for the angle ⁇ to be in the range of from about 60° to about 120°.
  • the first layer 26 of strands 16 is angularly positioned in relation to the second layer 28 of strands 16 so that each lamina 12 can more efficiently carry loads.
  • the polymeric material 19 incorporated into the first and second layers 26 and 28 bond together so as to join the strands 16 of the first and second layers 26 and 28 to one another to form the mat 24.
  • the polymeric material 19 of the layers 26 and 28 are sufficiently fused together to provide the lamina 12 with the mechanical properties desired.
  • one or more of the mats 24 of the panel 11 can further include a third layer 30 of the strands 16.
  • the strands 16 of the layer 30 run lengthwise or in the machine direction of the mat 24.
  • the polymeric material 19 from the layer 30 is sufficiently fused with the polymeric material 19 from one or more of the other layers 26
  • Each mat 24 may also include a layer or film 31 of polymeric material sandwiched between and fused to any two of the layers 26, 28, and/or 30 to serve as part of the matrix for the reinforcing fibers 17.
  • the laminae 12 which form the panel 11, or other of the present panels 10, can be positioned in an angular relation to each other.
  • the laminae 12 which form the panel 11, or other of the present panels 10 can be positioned in an angular relation to each other.
  • each of the laminae 12 can be positioned in an angular relation to the lamina 12 on one or either side thereof. It is desirable for the angle between two adjacent laminae 12 to be in the range from about 30° and about 150°. It is more desirable for the angle between consecutive laminae 12 to be in the range of from about 60° and about 120°. It can be even more desirable for the laminae 12 to be arranged approximately perpendicular to each other (i.e., at an angle of about 90°).
  • the panel 11 can be formed from two to sixteen of the laminae 12, such as the reinforcement mats 24 described above, or possibly even more of the laminae 12. It can be desirable for the panel 11 to be formed from six to twelve, or even from eight to ten, of the laminae 12, such as the reinforcement mats 24 described above.
  • the panel 11, or other of the present panels 10, may be further reinforced by means of additional reinforcing materials including those selected from the group consisting of glass fibers, graphite fibers, aramid fibers, silicon carbide fibers and other fibers having suitable reinforcing properties and combinations thereof. It can be desirable for these additional reinforcing materials to be formed into nonwoven or woven mats 43 (see Figs. 2 and 3). By “nonwoven”, it is meant that the reinforcing materials in the mat are not systematically woven together.
  • One such reinforcing material is a nonwoven glass fiber mat, such as the continuous strand mats available from Owens Corning, of Toledo, Ohio, under the product designations M8608 and M8610.
  • Nonwoven glass fiber mats are made of glass fibers laid in a continuous swirl pattern.
  • Nonwoven glass fiber mats can be formed by air laying glass fibers into a mold and compressing the fibers together in the mold to form the mat.
  • One nonwoven glass fiber mat 43 can be sandwiched between one or more pairs of adjacent laminae 12, the laminae 12 can be sandwiched between a pair of the nonwoven glass fiber mats 43 (see Figs. 2 and 3), or both.
  • the panel 11, or other of the panels 10, may also include a surface finish to enhance the appearance and/or to further protect the panel. It is desirable for the surface finish to have good weatherability.
  • Useful surface finishes include, for example, plastic films, ultraviolet protectants, water repellents, canvases (e.g., awning material) and glass mats such as those described above.
  • another embodiment 41 of the panel 10 comprises laminae 12 formed from strands 16 which are woven together by means of one or more threads 53 running at an angle (e.g., transversely) to the strands 16 to form woven mats 54.
  • the example of the panel 41 shown in Fig. 2 includes a first lamina 42, a second lamina 44, a third lamina 46, a fourth lamina 48 and a fifth lamina 50.
  • Each of the laminae 44, 46, 48 and 50 comprises a plurality of strands 16 which each comprise a plurality of reinforcing fibers 17 and at least one polymeric material 19.
  • the laminae 44, 46, 48 and 50 are positioned between a pair of lamina 42 (one shown in Fig. 2) which 5 each comprises additional reinforcing materials, such as that described above.
  • the additional reinforcing materials forming the lamina 42 are nonwoven mats 43.
  • the first and second laminae 44 and 46 are arranged with their strands 16 parallel to each other and the third and fourth laminae
  • the 10 48 and 50 are arranged with their strands 16 parallel to each other.
  • the first and second woven lamina 44 and 46 are arranged in an angular relation, here about 90°, to the third and fourth woven lamina 48 and 50.
  • the angular arrangement of the laminae 44, 46, 48 and 50 as shown or at any other angle, provides the panel 10 with reinforcement in both its machine direction and its cross machine direction, i.e., along both its length and its
  • six laminae 12, formed from woven mats such as mat 54, are arranged in pairs, with the strands 16 in each pair being oriented in the same direction.
  • a first pair of the woven mats 54 is sandwiched between a second pair and a third pair of the woven mats 54.
  • the strands 16 of the first pair of mats 54 are
  • the strands 16 of the panels 41 can be woven together by means of a conventional weaving process known in the art to weave glass fibers into mats 54. Typically, the strands 16 are woven together by threads 53
  • threads 53 can be made from any suitable thread fiber including those selected from the group consisting of glass fibers, nylon fibers, polyamide fibers, polypropylene fibers, polyester fibers, polyethylene fibers, and polyphenylene sulfide fibers. It can be desirable for the thread 53 to be formed from the same material as the polymeric material 19 used in the strands 16. Another strand 16
  • the edges of the mat 54 can be stitched after the strands 16 have been woven together.
  • the ends of the strands 16 can also be heated to at least partially melt the polymeric material 19 and, thereby, prevent movement of individual fibers in the strands 5 16. Such heating is particularly desirable with commingled strands 16.
  • the panel 41 can be formed from two to sixteen or even more laminae 12, such as the woven mats 54, and additional reinforcing materials, such as nonwoven fiber mats 43. It is desirable for the panel 41 to be formed from four to twelve, or even more, of such laminae 12, depending on the diameter of the strands 16 and the application for
  • an alternative panel 41 comprises a first lamina 62 formed from an additional reinforcing material which, in the embodiment shown, is a nonwoven glass fiber mat 43; a second lamina 64 formed from a woven mat 54; a third lamina 66 formed from a woven mat 54; and a fourth lamina 68 formed from a woven mat
  • the second lamina 64 is shown with its strands 16 oriented angularly, as shown about 90°, in relation to the strands 16 of the third lamina 66.
  • the strands 16 of the fourth lamina 68 are shown as being positioned about parallel to the strands 16 of the second lamina 64 (i.e., about perpendicular to the strands 16 of the third lamina 66).
  • the laminae 62, 64, 66 and 68 can be oriented in any desired manner to reinforce the
  • the panel 41 is provided with reinforcement against loads applied along both its machine direction (i.e., length) and its cross machine direction (i.e., width).
  • a woven or nonwoven mat 43 made from aramid fibers is positioned between a first lamina and a second lamina, both of which are formed from woven fiber mats, such as the mat 54.
  • the first lamina is positioned with its strands 16 in an angular relation to those of the second woven lamina.
  • a third lamina, formed from a woven fiber mat, such as the mat 54, is layered on the first lamina with its strands 16 in an angular relation to
  • a fourth lamina formed from a woven fiber mat, such as the mat 54, is layered on the second lamina with its strands 16 positioned in an angular relation to the strands 16 of the second lamina to form a laminated structure.
  • This laminated structure is sandwiched between two layers of additional reinforcing materials, such as the nonwoven fiber mats 43 described above.
  • the panel 10 can be formed by any suitable molding process such as, for 5 example, compression molding, transfer molding or injection molding.
  • the individual laminae 12 can be formed by the process described in United States Patent Application Ser. No. 08/713,318, incorporated by reference above, by a conventional weaving process, or any other suitable process, depending upon which type of laminae 12 will be used. After the separate laminae 12 have been formed, they are positioned in a mold cavity, for
  • the optional additional reinforcing materials such as the woven and/or nonwoven fiber mats 43 and surface finishes, can be positioned in the mold.
  • the laminae 12 are then compressed, or pressure otherwise applied, to form a panel 10. As the laminae 12 are being compressed, the mold is heated to cause portions of the polymeric material
  • the panel 10 After the panel 10 has been compressed to a desired thickness and density, it is removed from the mold and can be painted, coated with a protective coating and processed further if necessary.
  • the final surface finish e.g., a canvas
  • the final surface finish can be incorporated as an
  • thermoplastic material 25 infiltrated with a thermoplastic material (GMT) was also tested.
  • the panels tested had the following configurations:
  • Panel A This panel was formed from 12 laminae.
  • the individual lamina were reinforcement mats formed by the process described in United States Patent Application Ser. No. 08/713,318, incorporated by reference above, using commingled glass and
  • first portions of the strands of each lamina were arranged at a 90° angle to second portions of the strands of each lamina to form a reinforcement mat such as the mats 24 described above.
  • the odd numbered lamina were positioned at a 90° angle to even numbered lamina. In other words, alternating lamina were arranged at a 90° angle to each of the other laminae.
  • Panel B - This panel had the same configuration as panel A with each side of the panel being covered with a layer of generic polypropylene film.
  • Panel C This panel was formed using the laminae formed from woven mats such as mat 54 described above.
  • the woven mats were formed from strands comprising commingled glass reinforcing fibers and polypropylene fibers.
  • a first pair of laminae was positioned between a second pair of laminae and a third pair of laminae.
  • the strands in laminae forming each pair were substantially parallel to each other.
  • the first pair of laminae was positioned at a 90° angle to the second and third pair of laminae. The entire structure was then sandwiched between two nonwoven glass fiber mats.
  • Panel D This panel was formed using laminae formed from woven mats, such as mat 54 described above, comprising commingled glass-polypropylene fibers.
  • a woven mat made of glass fibers, such as mat 54 described above was positioned between first and second laminae formed from woven mats.
  • the first and second laminae were positioned with their strands at a 90° angle to each other.
  • the first and second laminae were then positioned between third and fourth lamina.
  • the third lamina was positioned adjacent the first lamina at a 90° angle to the first lamina and at a 0° angle to the second lamina.
  • the fourth lamina was positioned adjacent the second lamina at a 90° angle to the second lamina and at a 0° angle to the first lamina.
  • the panel 10 of this invention can be used to make storm shutters either individually or by combining a plurality of panels.
  • the panels 10 are also useful to make protective coverings for cash windows of financial institutions, coverings for kiosks and carts in open areas of shopping malls, side panels for tractor trailers, boat hulls, aircraft parts and other articles and parts for which impact resistance and/or puncture resistance are desired.
  • Fig. 4 presents a perspective view of the panels of this invention being combined to form a shutter or window covering 100.
  • the shutter 100 comprises a series of panels 102 each having interlocking lips 104 as shown in Fig. 4A.
  • the panels 102 remain hidden behind a shutter facade 106 until they are needed to protect the window 108.
  • Fig. 5 presents a perspective view of the panels of this invention being combined to form another shutter 200.
  • the shutter 200 comprises a plurality of panels 202, each having a first lip 204 and a second lip 206, as shown in Fig. 5A.
  • the panels 202 are stored in a box 208 under the window 210.
  • the panels 202 are moved into position to protect window 210 by means of an interiorly or exteriorly mounted crank or pull cord.
  • the first lip 204 of the first panel 212 is mounted on a slide bar 214 which pulls the panels 202 into position. As the panels 202 are raised, the second lip 206 on one panel engages the first lip 204 on the panel beneath it to raise that panels to cover the window 210. Again, the interlocking nature of the panels 202 helps to protect the window 210 from the penetration of airborne debris and precipitation through shutter 200 to window 210.
  • Fig. 6 presents a perspective view of the panels of this invention being employed as another type of window covering.
  • a series of panels 300 are separately mounted to protect a window 302.
  • the panels 300 each include interlocking lips or edges (not shown) to help prevent the penetration of airborne debris and precipitation to the window 302.
  • the upper portion of each panel 300 includes an edge portion 304 which engages a bracket 306 mounted over the top of the window 302, as shown in Fig. 6A.
  • Bracket 306 may also include a rubber gasket 308 to further prevent the penetration of water through panel 300 to window 302.
  • Fig. 6B presents a cross sectional view of one of the panels 300.
  • Each panel 300 includes a latch mechanism 310 which is used to attach the panel 300 to a mount 312 on a wall 314 surrounding the window 302.
  • each panel 300 is secured in position over the window 302 by means of the engagement of edge portion 304 with bracket 306 and the engagement of latch mechanism 310 with mount 312 on wall 314.
  • Fig. 7 presents a perspective view of the panels of this invention being used to form an alternate shutter 350 which simulates roofing tile.
  • the shutter 350 comprises a series of panels 352 which are rotatably mounted over a window 354.
  • Each panel 352 includes lips 356, shown in Fig. 7A, which engage each other to prevent the separate panels 352 from being extended past the point of engagement of each panel and to help prevent the penetration of precipitation and wind borne debris from contacting the window 354.
  • Fig. 8 presents a perspective view of the panels of this invention being used to form another alternate shutter 400 which simulates roofing tile.
  • the shutter 400 includes a facade section 402, a first section 404 and a second section 406.
  • shutter 400 is hinged so that first section 404 and second section 406 unfold from beneath facade section 402 to cover window 408.
  • Second section 406 can be held in a closed position by securing clips 412 which can be rotatably mounted beneath window 408.
  • shutter 400 When folded into a position at which it is not covering window 408, shutter 400 includes an arm 410 which can be used to brace shutter 400 in an open position.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention a trait à un panneau (10) léger, à l'épreuve du percement et de la corrosion et résistant aux impacts, façonné à l'aide d'un panneau précurseur comprenant plusieurs strates (12) dont chacune comporte plusieurs brins (16), chaque brin (16) étant constitué de plusieurs fibres, dont des fibres de renfort (17), et d'au moins un matériau polymère (19). Ce dernier constitue au moins une partie de la matrice du panneau (10).
EP98901230A 1997-01-06 1998-01-05 Panneaux resistants aux impacts et a l'epreuve du percement Withdrawn EP0949995A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US77894297A 1997-01-06 1997-01-06
US778942 1997-01-06
PCT/US1998/000586 WO1998046422A1 (fr) 1997-01-06 1998-01-05 Panneaux resistants aux impacts et a l'epreuve du percement

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0949995A1 EP0949995A1 (fr) 1999-10-20
EP0949995A4 true EP0949995A4 (fr) 2000-03-29

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EP98901230A Withdrawn EP0949995A4 (fr) 1997-01-06 1998-01-05 Panneaux resistants aux impacts et a l'epreuve du percement

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EP (1) EP0949995A4 (fr)
JP (1) JP2001508003A (fr)
KR (1) KR20000057423A (fr)
AU (1) AU5735698A (fr)
BR (1) BR9808635A (fr)
CA (1) CA2271137A1 (fr)
NO (1) NO993322L (fr)
WO (1) WO1998046422A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA9875B (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2815321B1 (fr) 2000-10-12 2003-01-17 Sillinger S A Dispositif de protection par blindage d'un bateau pneumatique a flotteurs
FR2830790B1 (fr) * 2001-10-15 2006-12-29 Chomarat Composites Nouveau produit composite pour la constitution de pieces ou structures allegees et resistantes
RU2383440C2 (ru) * 2004-01-19 2010-03-10 Еласо Пти Лимитед Упругий металлический композиционный материал, армированный волокнами, имеющий слоистую структуру и имеющий высокую ударную вязкость
EP1814716B1 (fr) 2004-10-22 2011-02-02 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Tuyaux composites et procede de fabrication
FR2917099B1 (fr) * 2007-06-06 2010-03-19 Ensait Procede de fabrication d'un materiau composite, notamment pour la protection balistique, et materiau composite obtenu.
US7763555B2 (en) * 2007-08-27 2010-07-27 Honeywell International Inc. Hurricane resistant composites
US9857148B2 (en) * 2010-12-15 2018-01-02 The Boeing Company Controlled fiber-matrix adhesion in polymer fiber composites
DE102011003560B4 (de) * 2011-02-03 2013-08-29 Repower Systems Se Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Faserhalbzeugs für die Herstellung eines faserverstärkten Bauteils einer Windenergieanlage, insbesondere Rotorblattgurt, sowie Faserhalbzeug und Verwendung eines Faserhalbzeugs

Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0510927A2 (fr) * 1991-04-23 1992-10-28 Teijin Limited Feuille en résine thermoplastique renforcée par des fibres et procédé pour sa production
WO1993008023A1 (fr) * 1991-10-22 1993-04-29 Brigham Young University Structures composites a amortissement ameliore par couplage de contraintes

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5268223A (en) * 1991-05-31 1993-12-07 Amoco Corporation Toughened fiber-reinforced composites

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0510927A2 (fr) * 1991-04-23 1992-10-28 Teijin Limited Feuille en résine thermoplastique renforcée par des fibres et procédé pour sa production
WO1993008023A1 (fr) * 1991-10-22 1993-04-29 Brigham Young University Structures composites a amortissement ameliore par couplage de contraintes

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of WO9846422A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO993322L (no) 1999-09-02
BR9808635A (pt) 2000-10-03
EP0949995A1 (fr) 1999-10-20
AU5735698A (en) 1998-11-11
JP2001508003A (ja) 2001-06-19
KR20000057423A (ko) 2000-09-15
NO993322D0 (no) 1999-07-05
WO1998046422A1 (fr) 1998-10-22
CA2271137A1 (fr) 1998-10-22
ZA9875B (en) 1998-07-08

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