EP0836641B1 - Von staub- und feinanteilen freie granulare wasch- und reinigungsmittel hoher schüttdichte - Google Patents
Von staub- und feinanteilen freie granulare wasch- und reinigungsmittel hoher schüttdichte Download PDFInfo
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- EP0836641B1 EP0836641B1 EP96923951A EP96923951A EP0836641B1 EP 0836641 B1 EP0836641 B1 EP 0836641B1 EP 96923951 A EP96923951 A EP 96923951A EP 96923951 A EP96923951 A EP 96923951A EP 0836641 B1 EP0836641 B1 EP 0836641B1
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- WSHYKIAQCMIPTB-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;2-oxo-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)chromen-4-olate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C=1C2=CC=CC=C2OC(=O)C=1C(CC(=O)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 WSHYKIAQCMIPTB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- BXNRKCXZILSQHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,2,3-triol;sulfuric acid Chemical class OS(O)(=O)=O.OCC(O)CO BXNRKCXZILSQHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009490 roller compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011182 sodium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012418 sodium perborate tetrahydrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940045872 sodium percarbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IBDSNZLUHYKHQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;3-oxidodioxaborirane;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Na+].[O-]B1OO1 IBDSNZLUHYKHQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium;oxido carbonate Chemical class [Na+].[O-]OC([O-])=O MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxidooxy(oxo)borane Chemical class [Na+].[O-]OB=O YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940012831 stearyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003470 sulfuric acid monoesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 1
- KUCOHFSKRZZVRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N terephthalaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 KUCOHFSKRZZVRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/06—Powder; Flakes; Free-flowing mixtures; Sheets
- C11D17/065—High-density particulate detergent compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/0039—Coated compositions or coated components in the compositions, (micro)capsules
Definitions
- the invention relates to improvements for the form of multi-component solid coarse-grained, free-flowing and free-flowing detergents and cleaning agents, especially textile detergents.
- the invention intends to make means of this kind accessible, which - in addition to at least one largely uniform spherical or pearl shape - high density with easy to dissolve in cold water, free of dust and fine particles and thereby increased freedom in the choice of those to be used in the multi-component mixture Enable valuable and auxiliary materials.
- the increasing bulk density of commercial detergent granules is mainly achieved by an increasingly compact grain structure of the granules, however - as a negative side effect - associated with an increasing release delay is.
- This undesired release delay is triggered, among other things, by that a number of common anionic and nonionic surfactants and above all corresponding Surfactant mixtures when dissolved in water to form gel phases tend.
- a number of common anionic and nonionic surfactants and above all corresponding Surfactant mixtures when dissolved in water to form gel phases tend.
- it can dissolve in cold water in particular unwanted and delayed rescheduling.
- EP-B-0486 592 describes granular or extruded washing or cleaning agents with bulk densities above 600 g / l, the anionic and / or nonionic surfactants contained in amounts of at least 15 wt .-% and up to about 35 wt .-%. you will be produced by a process in which a solid, free-flowing premix, the contains a plasticizer and / or lubricant at high pressures between 25 and 200 bar extruded and the strand after exiting the hole shape by means of a cutting device is cut to the predetermined granule size and rounded.
- the extrudates produced can subsequently be mixed with other granules, in an advantageous embodiment, the proportion of extrudates in the finished Washing or cleaning agents is more than 60% by weight.
- German patent application according to DE 195 19 139 proposes a solution the conflict between the high degree of compaction of the mixture of materials, in particular by extrusion, on the one hand, and the rapid, however required, in particular non-gelatinous dissolvability of this valuable material even in the early phase of a Pre-washing process, granular washing or cleaning agents with a bulk density above 600 g / l, containing an extruded component and anionic and / or nonionic To design surfactants in amounts of at least 15 wt .-% such that at least two different granular components in the multi-component mixture to be used are provided, of which at least one is extruded and at least one is not extruded is.
- the extruded component (s) should be in amounts of 30 to 85% by weight, based on the total agent, may be included, while the content of the extruded Component (s) of surfactants (including soaps) based on 0 to less than 15 wt .-% on the respective extruded component.
- the weight ratio of the surfactant-containing extruded component to the non-extruded Granular component containing surfactant is preferably in the range of 6: 1 to 2: 1, preferably in the range from 5: 1 to 3: 1.
- the invention has the Task, high-density multi-component mixtures from the field of Detergents and cleaning agents and in particular from the field of textile detergents to make accessible, the problem-free realization of the old dream enable all components of these well-known highly complex multi-substance mixtures in to be able to combine only one grain at a time.
- the new grain-shaped good is said to be in a sense, recurring material properties of high compression and thus correspondingly high bulk densities on the one hand, but at the same time good dispersibility and solubility - especially during the wash-in phase with the Household washing machines usually cold tap water - connect.
- the invention Conception is not limited to this, however.
- the task according to the invention goes beyond that.
- the new offer form The highly compressed textile detergent should also have the option of a controllable one Delay the solubility of certain proportions of the multi-substance mixture to allow for this way - especially with the simultaneous use of quickly soluble components -
- a multi-stage washing and cleaning process such as Subject of the applicant's German patent application according to DE-A-44 38 850 is.
- the disclosure of this earlier application is hereby the subject of present invention disclosure made.
- One is particularly described there Conditioning the aqueous liquor and / or the goods to be cleaned in the early phase of the washing process by using quickly soluble water, even in cold water Complexing agents for the multivalent cations of water hardness and corresponding blends with cold-soluble surfactant compounds.
- the conception of the technical teaching described below goes in particular from the task, which in many respects is highly sensitive substance mixtures more common today Textile detergent in a uniform spherical shape free of dust and fine particles to be able to offer, which fulfills the presented requirements, but at the same time the possibility also leaves further modifying changes in the respective recipes allow the multi-component mixtures without fundamental changes in the desired To have to offer form of the multi-substance mixture.
- the invention Teaching also wants access to the technical realization of this Design the task so broad that it is based on the one available at the respective manufacturer today Technology the technical realization of the wish without substantial apparatus changes are possible.
- compositions that prevent the compacted spheres from dissolving in the aqueous liquor, and thereby gel-forming and / or only slowly dissolving, especially in the case of water access Components of the multicomponent mixtures are at least predominantly constituents of the coating substance. According to the invention, these proportions can each be predetermined individual particle size built into the shell substance. Your cohesion is here due to the moderately elevated temperatures that occur at room temperature and in practice fixed binder guaranteed. When water enters, the binder is already released at the usual cold tap water temperatures.
- carrier grain which as a high density Good and usually in the respective ball in the form of only one grain - in hereinafter also referred to as "carrier grain" - is selected so that disabilities the dissolvability and dispersion of the multi-component mixture excluded are.
- the compilation of the solid core material - the carrier grain - is also within the scope of the multi-component mixtures available here in one wide range variable and selectable.
- the selection of the component (s) is mastered here on the one hand by the requirement of a sufficient solvability within the framework of the Washing process - without, for example, triggering difficulties due to gelling - on the other hand through overarching concepts, for example with regard to the pH value of the wash liquor multi-stage washing and cleaning process.
- the carrier grain can from a certain selected component, but especially from correspondingly selected and compressed multi-component mixtures consist. Further details can be found in the following details of the invention Teaching.
- the present invention relates to the method for Production of detergents and cleaning agents in the specific spatial form shown here.
- the process is characterized in that the Core material in the form of a pre-formed, firmly compressed carrier grain with the finely divided Good of the coating substance in the presence of the binder in a flowable preparation form enveloping agglomerated or granulated and solidified the binder.
- the binder can in particular with the use of a solvent and / or emulsifying aid - Preferably as an aqueous solution and / or emulsion - with simultaneous or subsequent drying are used, but it is preferred to use the binder to be used in the form of a melt, to be applied to the material to be combined and by subsequent cooling of the coated material, the solidification of the multi-substance mixture ensure.
- a solvent and / or emulsifying aid - Preferably as an aqueous solution and / or emulsion - with simultaneous or subsequent drying are used, but it is preferred to use the binder to be used in the form of a melt, to be applied to the material to be combined and by subsequent cooling of the coated material, the solidification of the multi-substance mixture ensure.
- the carrier material or highly compressed carrier grain in the sense of the invention is an agglomerate of a multitude of smaller ones that has been compacted with strong adhesion Primary particles from the area of valuable and / or auxiliary substances for the one mentioned here Subject area.
- the carrier grain is - as its name suggests - the basis for the Formation of the finished spherical or pearl-shaped form of the Dust and fine particles free mixture of recyclables. These proportions can be predetermined Bound by shell agglomeration on the surface of the carrier grain.
- the choice of the respective technology for the production of the carrier grain lies - in addition to the selection and determination of the individual components forming the carrier grain - one of the Key points of the action according to the invention.
- the definition of the carrier grain in the sense of the teaching according to the invention is limited not on these extrudates.
- the principles of action according to the invention for the transfer of powdery and / or fine-grained multicomponent mixtures from the area of washing and cleaning agents into a coarse-grained, abrasion-resistant goods free of dust and fine particles, in particular pearl-shaped become.
- the types of offers on the market today commercial heavy-duty laundry detergent with bulk densities above 600 g / l and in particular 700 g / l in the spherical or pearl shape defined according to the invention being transformed.
- the invention wants to return the Room shape of a multi-component detergent and cleaning agent preparation in the dry state on the 1 grain.
- This granular material is intended to contain all or virtually all of the components for the use case.
- the principle is supposed to be realized be described for example in the previously cited EP-B-0486 592.
- the teaching according to the invention as a concrete grain shape the spherical or Cylindrical rounded offer form of such solid multi-material mixtures.
- the invention wants Now teach a separation of the valuable and / or auxiliary materials within each Provide a single ball in a number of dry rooms. This is initially the inner core, the "core material”, and the “core substance” arranged around this core.
- the coating substance can - independently on the number of its individual components - single-shell or multi-shell be.
- the storage rooms created in this way for the dry state too stored multi-material goods can be in direct contact with each other, they can but can also be separated from one another by separating layers.
- the concept according to the invention also provides for the shell (s) of the coating substance in turn to divide into a plurality of any number of small individual rooms, in which the comparative finely divided valuable and / or auxiliary substances of the shell substance shell (s) without contact and are nevertheless stored in a tight package.
- the water-soluble binder as an additional component into the coating substance (s).
- the binder component according to the invention thus has a multifunctional meaning to. Without claiming to be complete, the following functions are listed here: The Solidification of the coating substance on the core material and at the same time the fine-particle multicomponent mixture of solid valuable and / or auxiliary materials; the separation of the individual components from the coating substance against each other and the separation of the coating substance as a whole towards the core material; the release of the coating substances including the surface the core material upon entry of cold water; solidification in particular the outer grain areas against abrasion under the usual conditions of transportation, Storage, application and the like; the binder itself can be part of the recipe Total mix can be selected; the binder can also be used as an additional support for and / or dispersion aids to facilitate and gel-free dissolution of the individual components and the mixture of materials in its entirety.
- the teaching according to the invention enables training by type and size Predeterminable solid multi-substance mixtures, each in one grain the entirety of the Multi-component mixture included. Here they are separated from each other in a predeterminable form so that an undesirable interaction does not take place at this stage. At the same time is the controlled or controllable release of the multi-component Recyclable material mixture possible in the aqueous liquor. Problem portions of these mixtures of materials can in the state of a predeterminable fine dispersion stored and offered to the washing and cleaning process that undesirable Eliminate disabilities here.
- the dry solid material is dust-free and also free of fine fractions. A multi-stage textile wash is possible.
- the invention creates the possibility of the visual appearance of the dry grain - in addition to the appealing Pearl shape, for example, its whiteness or color - in a predeterminable way Way to set; all of these controlled adjustable effects are assumed the conception demanded today of, highly compressed valuable substance preparations, for example in the range from 500 to 1,300 g / l, in particular 600 or 700 to 1,200 g / l to face up in the selection and compilation of their valuable and auxiliary materials the respective conditions of the washing and cleaning process and / or the constantly changing ideas for optimizing the valuable materials used - for example from an ecological perspective - adapt.
- the core material - also referred to as "carrier grain” -
- the coating substance or the components to be used as coating substance and finally the binding agent / binder for the bowl-shaped covering of the Carrier grain.
- This inner core of the individual grain of the multi-substance mixture according to the invention can in turn be of 1-component or multi-component design. There in usually a substantial proportion - preferably the predominant proportion - of the total grain is formed by the carrier grain, its sufficient compression is a determining factor Element. Bulk densities of at least 450 g / l and particularly preferred from at least 500 to 600 g / l. Further preferred lower limits here are 650 or 700 g / l.
- this carrier grain as a 1-component for example by water-soluble inorganic and / or organic salts such as soda, alkali silicate, alkali salts of polycarboxylic acids such as trisodium citrate, and the like
- water-soluble inorganic and / or organic salts such as soda, alkali silicate, alkali salts of polycarboxylic acids such as trisodium citrate, and the like
- Forming here opens the way to high bulk densities in this inner spherical core.
- Upper limit values can be above 1,000 g / l, for example at 1,300 to 1,500 g / l or even lie above it. Nevertheless, the predictable water solubility secure this core material adjustable.
- the core material makes up at least 15 to 20% by weight, but preferably at least 1/3 and in particular at least 35 to 40 wt .-% of the total mixture.
- the amount by weight of the core material lies at least 50% by weight of the total mixture, with particular importance can range from about 55 to 80 or 90 wt .-% - wt .-% here as well previously based on the entire multi-component mixture.
- the core material is 1-component or multi-component and is thereby at least substantially by water-soluble and / or finely dispersed in water insoluble inorganic and / or organic components of common washing and cleaning agents educated.
- Examples from the field of textile detergents are just one example corresponding builders and / or cobuilders, alkalizing agents, temperature-stable Bleaching agents based on hydrogen peroxide, such as perborate compounds.
- Further Examples are surfactant compounds which are at least largely soluble without gelling, in particular corresponding anionic surfactants and / or nonionic surfactants, but also a large number of others usual small components made of textile detergents, which safely take the loads exposed to a sufficient compression step, for example by extrusion can be.
- the carrier grain in the sense of the invention from the Group of recyclables to be built up in the aforementioned German patent application DE 195 19 139 are provided as components for the extrusion and there with non-extruded granular further components of the detergent and cleaning agent mixtures be mixed.
- the individual components are said to be soluble in the aqueous phase and / or be finely dispersed insoluble.
- inorganic soluble or finely dispersed insoluble detergent components such as main builder components - for example zeolite compounds of the zeolite A, X and / or P type, alkalizing agents such as soda and water glass, sufficiently stable carrier salts for hydrogen peroxide, for example sodium perborate salts, but also inorganic salts as auxiliary components, for Example sodium sulfate.
- Suitable organic components can be sufficiently soluble anionic surfactants, for example of the alkylbenzenesulfonate type, or also comparatively short-chain (for example C 12-14 -) alkyl sulfate salts.
- Nonionic surfactant compounds in limited quantities which in particular combine fatty alcohol residues with oligo-EO residues, are also suitable mixture components for the core material.
- Compounds of this type are generally flowable components at room temperature and, accordingly, are only mixed into the solid core material in limited amounts. Soap as a further surfactant compound is also a suitable component for the construction of the core material.
- organic mixture components of the carrier grain are, for example, cobuilder components, the builder system mixed with the main builder component form.
- cobuilder components the builder system mixed with the main builder component form.
- Typical examples of this are compounds of the trisodium citrate type and / or polymeric polycarboxylates, such as sodium salts of polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, their copolymers and / or their copolymers with maleic acid.
- components of the core material can be water-soluble and / or solubilizers organic components with a binder function such as polyethylene glycol and / or be its derivatives, which in turn have multi-functionality in the manufacture of the highly compressed Forms of preparation of the core material and its redissolution in the aqueous Fleet can come.
- a binder function even in the manufacture of the compacted carrier grain is part of a the specific embodiment of the invention described in detail below Teaching.
- suitable mixing components with a binder function is to the following subchapter on those to be used according to the invention Binders in connection with the connection of the coating substance to the carrier grain.
- small components, whose use among the comparatively harsh conditions of compression of the carrier material can be a component of the core material / carrier grain.
- the known ones are only exemplary here Brightener named in the field of textile detergents.
- component or even sole formers of the carrier grain can selected recyclables such as the type of detergent enzyme or their usual form of preparation today, the detergent enzymes in a mixture with carrier substances enclosed in enveloping substances.
- component or even sole formers of the carrier grain can selected recyclables such as the type of detergent enzyme or their usual form of preparation today, the detergent enzymes in a mixture with carrier substances enclosed in enveloping substances.
- the detergent enzymes in a mixture with carrier substances enclosed in enveloping substances.
- the one affected here Special design brings among other things the following important advantage: For the storage and handling of detergent preparations is known to be safe Closure of any recyclable materials used on an enzymatic basis important basic requirement to rule out undesirable reactions in direct contact.
- the incorporation of enzymatic materials into the inner core of the spherical multi-layer material reinforces the relevant security aspects on the one hand, and on the other is achieved by aligning the outer shell of the mixed spheres - shell substance / binder in the sense of the definition according to the invention - the homogenization of spherical goods and the maintenance of the homogeneous mixed state substantially facilitated.
- the production of the grain-shaped core material / carrier grain can be carried out in any done in a manner known to experts here. Are particularly suitable for multi-component mixtures Compression processes customary in the carrier grain with simultaneous and / or subsequent ones Shaping into an individual carrier grain. To that extent, general expertise to get expelled. Processes such as wet granulation are only mentioned here as examples especially with the additional introduction of compacting mechanical Energy, melting agglomeration, spray agglomeration in particular rotating Fluid bed, roller compaction and / or other compaction processes.
- Suitable extrudate grains have, for example, bulk densities in Range from 600 to 1,100 g / l and especially densities in the range from 750 to 1,000 g / l on. Taking into account the teaching of the invention, the composition of this high-density agglomerates obtained by extrusion or comparable processes are sufficient Training free of gels and water-soluble is an optimal access to the Obtaining the core material in the formation of the carrier grain.
- the carrier grain is used without extrusion on the one described below Made of compacting wet granulation.
- it succeeds in fine-grained goods to build up in a predeterminable manner to the carrier grain individualized according to the invention.
- Adequate compaction can be achieved on the one hand by means of a plurality of working parameters and spatial shaping to the carrier grain, but on the other hand also in practical Then the required redissolution in the aqueous liquor can be ensured.
- the teaching according to the invention provides in the embodiment concerned here as Carrier grain the granulate or agglomerate portions with individual particle sizes equal / greater than 0.6 mm and in particular equal / greater than 0.8 mm.
- Carrier grain the granulate or agglomerate portions with individual particle sizes equal / greater than 0.6 mm and in particular equal / greater than 0.8 mm.
- the amount of these coarse fractions is usually in the conventionally produced solid valuable substance preparations of the type concerned here too low.
- teaching provides for a modification, in a preliminary stage the coarse-grained one Proportion - individual particle sizes equal to or greater than 0.5 mm, preferably equal / greater than 0.6 mm and in particular equal / greater than 0.8 mm - to be raised to such values, which then process the entire material in the sense of the invention bowl-shaped coating of the coarse-grained carrier grain with the coating substance with the use allow the binder.
- Precursor the individual grain fractions suitable as carrier grain in quantities of at least 40 to 45% by weight and preferably in amounts of at least 50 % By weight -% by weight in each case based on the total multicomponent mixture to be processed - raised.
- the invention is already used in this stage of the structure of the carrier grain with such components, which - after drying of the carrier grain - binder function for structural cohesion of one Large number of smaller particles of composite carrier grain.
- Suitable binders are in particular also inorganic substances already soluble in cold water and / or organic components, which in a preferred embodiment during drying are capable of film formation.
- it is already in this stage of the construction of the carrier grain around binders of the type described in the following in Connection with the application and the connection of the coating substance (s) to the pre-formed one Carrier grain are described. In this respect, the following information can be used as appropriate Also refer to binders for the previous structure of the carrier grain concerned here become.
- an inventive Carrier grain thus creates a sufficiently adherent compaction through a combination of features of the carrier material / carrier grain:
- the elements of the wet agglomeration preferably with additional input of mechanical energy, for further Compression of the agglomerate from fine-grain fractions used.
- the solidification of this carrier grain in its overall structure through the use of selected binders with adhesive character increased.
- This portion is now used as a separated grain as carrier grain for the connection of the finer residual parts of the multi-component starting material used, then the transfer of the total good into the invention desired spatial shape of the comparatively large ball or Pearl allows without making unacceptable changes to the use of the spatial deformed multicomponent mixture should be connected in the practical washing process.
- the coating substance can be bonded directly to the carrier grain. It is but also possible one or more separating layers between the carrier grain and the Provide envelope substance. However, this latter case only becomes significant have, if about the selection and nature of the components of the coating substance special Effects to be triggered in practical use, which are a delay in make the dissolution of the carrier grain desirable. This is only an example Multi-stage textile laundry with timing of the introductory work stage (s) mentioned.
- Separating layers of the type concerned here can also have a completely different practical meaning to come: With a suitable selection of the interface material, this can be the Promote or accelerate dissolution of the carrier grain in the aqueous liquor. This can be particularly valid for those carrier materials that are not free are of gel-forming surfactant compounds and in the manufacture of the carrier material a solution-inhibiting gelled surfactant layer at least in the outer shell of the carrier grain have trained.
- the immediate application of the coating substance to the carrier grain be provided.
- the coating substance can be single-layered or can also be applied in multiple layers.
- the coating substance applied to the carrier grain in turn consists of the comparison to the carrier grain, generally finer-particle solid valuable and optionally auxiliary substances, the flowable valuable substances and / or auxiliary substances to be mixed therewith, if appropriate, and that used as an agglomeration aid, soluble in cold water and at room temperature solid binder.
- This last component will be discussed in a separate paper below described in detail, so that initially only on the value and if necessary Auxiliaries of the coating substance are received, which is by means of the binder on the carrier grain be solidified into a bowl.
- one or more of the following representatives are present: dust and / or fine particles or Finely divided parts of the core material; slowly soluble and / or gelling Components in the form of selected 1-substances and / or in the form of pre-formed multi-substance compounds; usual components, especially small components of washing and Detergents insofar as they meet the working conditions of compaction of the core material should not be suspended; if necessary also quickly soluble in cold water Components for rapid conditioning of the wash liquor and / or the one to be cleaned Good things in an early phase of the washing process; Reactive components for the following Abreaction with other reactive components of the multi-substance mixture, which is in storage in the solid material from the corresponding reactive components with sufficient certainty should be stored separately.
- the different groups shown here examples of the solid components of the coating substance are given below explained. Taking into account the general specialist knowledge, this results in further developments Lessons for the structure of the material mixtures according to the invention.
- the solid components of the coating substance are passed through the mixture of materials corresponding to the core material or at least by essential Shares of the core materials are formed.
- the shell substance differs from the core material by the size of the solid particles to be compared.
- This embodiment can then become meaningful, as described above, if known mixtures of detergents and cleaning agents in the invention Spatial shape of the ball or pearl or similarly shaped spatial body to be transferred.
- Textile detergent blends are still going out today mainly in the form of free-flowing and free-flowing powder or partial agglomerates offered, which include a very wide range of particles. Textile detergent mixtures Often, this type often contains substantial amounts of dust, which can lead to undesirable nuisance in practical use.
- the same time Promote existing fine particles - for example under conditions of increased air humidity - the undesired clumping process of the dry material mixture, for example the portioning of household detergents when used for a long time can hinder or complicate a detergent package.
- the provided according to the invention Offer form of the particularly spherical multi-material mixtures with solid and preferably non-sticky outer surface with simultaneous selection of the individual ball diameter in the millimeter range excludes disabilities of the type described.
- one known per se can be used Wise agglomerated and in particular at least partially compressed mixture
- Corresponding detergents and cleaning agents with a wide range of particles be subjected to a fractional separation according to particle sizes.
- the core material suitable particle size is then in the sense of the invention with the dust and fine fractions of the same product worked up. Possible coarser parts can be crushed into dust and fine particles and then in this form into the product to be led back.
- the compression of the multicomponent mixture can be arbitrary Form using method types that were previously for the invention Production of the core material / carrier grain have been listed.
- the teaching according to the invention provides for the use of problem components, for example only slowly soluble and / or gelling components and / or multi-component compounds as a solid component of the coating substance.
- problem components for example only slowly soluble and / or gelling components and / or multi-component compounds
- surfactants of the type of fatty alcohol sulfates with, in particular, straight-chain FA residues, for example in the range C 14-18 , are mentioned here as examples .
- the teaching according to the invention here provides for the adequately finely dispersed distribution of these portions in the aqueous liquor, even if no additional measures for imparting the solution or restricting the gelation, via the separate storage of these problem portions in the coating substance and the selection and predetermination according to the invention of the individual particle size of these problem ingredients to be hit.
- a next group of possible mixture components of the coating substance are other common ones Components, especially small components of detergents and cleaning agents, that are not exposed to the working conditions of compaction of the core material should. Components of this type are often obtained in the form of the finest solid products. Your Incorporation into the coating substance eliminates any other problems that may arise. On a A special feature in this context is already mentioned here: Corresponding in particular dusty or very finely divided components of the multi-component material mixture can be added to the flowable preparation of the binder and dissolved therein, dispersed and / or emulsified and entered in this form in the coating substance become.
- Another example of possible mixture components of the coating substance is given if the washing and cleaning process is to be carried out in several stages.
- Initial phase can be carried out, for example, under different pH values of the wash liquor is said to be the subsequent main wash cycle. So it may be desirable to Main wash under comparatively more alkaline conditions a prewash stage under weakly alkaline conditions or even in the neutral range or weakly acidic Range upstream.
- a suitable choice of appropriate materials for regulation the pH value in the coating substance optionally in combination with a delay in dissolution of the core material is the wide variation of the working parameter mentioned here possible.
- the amount of the coating substance is usually at least 5 to 10% by weight. and preferably at least 12 to 15% by weight, in particular at least 20 to 25 % By weight -% by weight based on the entire multicomponent mixture. If the coating substance can also make up more than half of the total mixture, so in important embodiments are nevertheless assumed that the coating substance forms a maximum of about 50% by weight of the multicomponent mixture. In concrete embodiments have, for example, corresponding quantitative ranges of the coating substance of about 20 to 45 wt .-% and in particular from about 25 to 35 wt .-% as very advantageous proven -% by weight as previously defined.
- the solid components of the coating substance are medium Particle sizes - determined as sieve counts - that are smaller than the mean Particle size or the individual particle size of the core material / carrier grain. This ensures that the process of coating the core material, the formation of the shell substance in the sense of a shell agglomeration around the carrier core.
- Suitable average particle sizes (sieve numbers) for the solid components of the coating substance are - in coordination with the particle sizes of the carrier grain used - in particular the following values: preferably ⁇ than 0.8 mm, preferably ⁇ than 0.6 mm and in particular ⁇ than 0.5 mm.
- a Lower particle size limit for these solid particles of the coating substance is usually out.
- the finest dust can form part of the coating substance be and / or be introduced into the coating substance by means of the flowable binder.
- the inventive form of the multi-component mixture in spherical or pearl shape characteristic parameters of freedom from dust and Fine fractions understandable. Both the fine fractions - for example those in common washing powders Even today, the form of fine parts still present in large percentages about the range of 0.1 to 0.4 mm individual grain size as well as the dust content with an individual particle size below 0.1 mm can be practically completely as components the coating substance on the multi-layer ball according to the invention or Pearl tied.
- the nature of the used and in the following discussed binder enables the rapid replacement of all in practical use these shares in the aqueous liquor.
- the solid components of the Envelope substance that is flowable at room temperature.
- Exemplary appropriate liquid nonionic surfactant compounds but also auxiliaries are mentioned here of a completely different kind.
- An example here are silicone oils, which are known as foam brakes or Part of the foam brake can be used in textile detergent blends.
- the solid and, if appropriate, contained flowable valuable and / or auxiliary substances from the coating substance are in the finished preparation of the spherical granules in intimate admixture with the binder solid at room temperature and in particular from this, at least for the most part, encased connected to one another.
- this Binding of the coating substance particles to one another is preferably made sufficiently stable, that a noteworthy abrasion of fines under the conditions of transportation, storage and application of the granular material.
- the amount of that to the solid particles of the coating substance Restrict binders in such a way that they are at least partially in this outer shell still a microporous structure is retained, which allows rapid penetration of the aqueous Promotes phase in the coating substance.
- This preferred in certain embodiments the design of the coating substance is not mandatory.
- binder substance (s) The application of the finely divided shell substance components to the surface of the carrier core and their connection to it and to each other with the use of the following Described binder substance (s) is advantageously carried out in such a way that the finely divided components of the coating substance with the use of a flowable binder phase applied to the carrier grain by granulation or agglomeration and be solidified there.
- the execution of this process step is particularly suitable here in terms of melt agglomeration or melt granulation, the binder heated and melted to higher temperatures as a flowable Phase is used. Details of this are given below.
- the application process of the coating substance is not based on this melting agglomeration or granulation limited, other wet processes are also suitable.
- the coating substance can be formed using a binder phase, for example be in the aqueous preparations - solutions and / or emulsions - of the binder are used.
- a subsequent one usually closes here Drying step to the formation of the cladding layer. For details, see the subsequent.
- the binder used in the formation of the coating substance is the binder used in the formation of the coating substance
- the Binder should be a component that is solid at room temperature, but at the same time if possible be soluble and / or dispersible even in cold water. The following also applies:
- Certain selected inorganic or organic components can be used as binders or multi-component mixtures can be used, the polyfunctional and the importance of this component described at the beginning.
- Particularly suitable in this context are organic components with softening and / or Melting points in the range of at least 35-40 ° C, e.g. not below 45 ° C and preferably from at least 50 to 60 ° C, with another preferred lower limit for the softening and / or melting point of the binder is at least 75 ° C.
- film-forming organic components can be used as organic binders be particularly suitable as such or in admixture with auxiliaries, such as dispersants and / or solubilizers, can be used.
- auxiliaries such as dispersants and / or solubilizers
- a binder Components used can be used in the context of conventional detergent and cleaning agent mixtures an intrinsic function - for example as an alkalizing agent, as a cobuilder, as a solution and dispersing agents or as a surfactant component - there are but also components in the sense of the invention are suitable as binders that are not conventional Are components of washing and / or cleaning agents.
- An inorganic binder component with its own function in the detergent and cleaning agent mixture is, for example water soluble water glass, as an organic binder, which has no normal function in Detergents and cleaning agents are available, for example sugar or sugar-like ones Components.
- a particularly suitable class of organic and preferably film-forming binders or binder components are water-soluble and / or water-dispersible oligomer and / or polymer compounds of synthetic, semisynthetic and / or natural origin.
- the relevant literature has dealt in particular with water-soluble oligomer and / or polymer compounds from the recent past in detail with reference to the US patent literature. Reference is made in this connection to the publication Y. Meltzer "WATER-SOLUBLE POLYMERS" Developments Since 1978, NOYES DATA CORPORATION, New Jersey, USA (1981), which is published in book form. Reference is made here in particular to the summary in the chapter Market Survey op. Pages 5 to 15.
- water-soluble polymer compounds are summarized here, which in principle can also be used in the sense of the use according to the invention as a binder component - taking general specialist knowledge into account: Acrylamide polymers; Acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid polymers and copolymers with further components containing in particular free carboxy groups, such as maleic acid; Ethylene oxide polymers or polyethylene glycols and their reaction products; Polymer compounds based on carbohydrate compounds of the type of guar gum and heteropolysaccharides of the type of gum arabic or gum tragacanth; Galacto-mannan polymers of the Locust Bean Gum type; water-soluble cellulose derivatives, for example of the type of alkyl celluloses, hydroxyalkyl celluloses, carboxymethyl celluloses and the like; Polyethyleneimines; Polyvinyl alcohol and water-soluble vinyl alcohol copolymers; Polyvinyl pyrrolidone and starch and water-soluble starch
- polymer compounds defined here includes corresponding oligomer compounds of comparatively lower molecular weight in all cases, insofar as these components meet the requirements for the binder and its properties described in the context of the disclosure of the invention. In this respect, too, reference can be made to the general specialist knowledge.
- binder components that are soluble in cold water and nevertheless solid at room temperature can in the field of (meth) acrylic acid polymer compounds known as cobuilders or copolymer compounds with, for example, maleic acid be given.
- Another particularly suitable area for the selection of Binder or binder components in the sense of the invention are poly-EO components and corresponding derivatives with reactive and optionally also oleophilic Molecular components, as far as the overall structure of the poly or oligo-EO derivative meets the previously defined basic conditions for the binder.
- melts, emulsions or dispersions are suitable as adhesive liquids and solutions, especially aqueous solutions and / or emulsions of the binder substances and here in particular corresponding organic oligomer or Polymer compounds and / or their mixtures with other components, wherein components and substance mixtures forming adhesive films are of particular importance here comes to.
- Binder or binder components which are particularly suitable according to the invention are oligo and / or poly-EO compounds, in particular as melt binders with high cold water solubility can also be used in the solid state.
- the following are particularly suitable 2 classes of these poly-EO-based binder types, which also mix with each other can be used: polyethylene oxides with average molecular weights of at least 1500 to 20,000, preferably corresponding poly-EO compounds of the range from at least about 2500 to 10,000 and in particular the corresponding molecular weight range from 3000 to 8000.
- Polyethylene oxides of this type melt beforehand mentioned temperature range, form adherent films on cooling and are nevertheless good and quickly soluble in cold water even in the solid state.
- the 2nd class of recyclables which is particularly suitable for use as a binder, is derived from the Oligo or poly-EO compounds of the type mentioned above.
- end group modification in particular etherification
- / or esterification with oleophilic residues at at least one end of the poly-EO chain intended.
- Poly-EO derivatives of this type are known to be characterized by increased dispersing and / or emulsifying action. This can further influence the Cold water solubility of the binder can be taken.
- the substance class affected here in its substance parameters, especially in Melting point be adjusted so that they meet the requirements of the invention.
- Known examples here are, for example, polyethoxylates of fatty alcohols or of Alkylphenols with poly-EO residues from an average of 20 to 100, in particular 20 to 80 EO units in the molecule.
- the cold water solubility can be controlled or - dispersibility of the binder influence on the release mechanism of the invention solid spherical multi-component mixture can be taken.
- So can, for example, in principle very easily water-soluble oligo-EO derivatives - for example from Type of fatty alcohol ethoxylates with 30 or 40 EO units in the molecule - thus in theirs Solving behavior can be modified so that they are mixed with more hydrophobic components - For example, fatty alcohols or surfactant compounds - are used.
- the setting of the cold solubility is also here and the solid state at room temperature or only slightly elevated temperatures ensure. Nevertheless, the use of the oleophilic mixture component a control of the cold water solubility and thus the water solubility as a whole possible, so that here is another way of targeting the Multi-component product in its entirety is possible.
- Binders can be of particular importance because of their molecular structure in the field of valuable and auxiliary materials for use in detergents and cleaning agents fall. Any remaining slight stickiness of the dried binder component in the area of the room temperature by powdering known per se be caught in a simple manner.
- binders come into consideration Basis of oligo or poly EO compounds and / or corresponding PO compounds. Basically, as in the other named areas, this applies more appropriately Substance classes that individually selected components as such or blends of 2 or more valuable and / or auxiliary substances used as binders in the sense of the invention can be, as far as the individual substance or the mixture of substances shown Meet requirements. So, for example, mixtures of substances are also suitable components which are solid at room temperature and liquid at room temperature are, but are then fixed in the mixture used at room temperature and only fuse at the sufficiently elevated temperatures.
- the flowable binder can also be a carrier for very fine particles solid and / or dissolved valuable and / or auxiliary substances, which together with the carrier in the multi-component goods are introduced.
- the flowable preparation of the binder can as additives in particular also dissolved and / or dispersed auxiliary substances for influencing added to the visual appearance of the finished product and in this form be entered in the coating substance. Examples include dyes, pigments, Brighteners and the like. This opens up the technically easy to implement Possibility of a special, the spherical dry multi-component mixtures to give an attractive appearance.
- the respective amount of the material to be used is Binders, among other things, through the mixing ratio of core material and shell substance co-determined. Nevertheless, generally limited amounts of binder are sufficient to ensure the shell agglomeration of the coating substances on the carrier grain. Accordingly the binder contents are in the dry valuable substance preparations according to the invention usually at most 15 to 20 wt .-% and preferably at not more than 10% by weight -% by weight in each case calculated as the solid substance and based on the sum of core material and shell substance. In particularly important embodiments significantly lower levels of binder in the dry material are again envisaged. The Amounts of this substance generally do not exceed values from 5 to 6 or 7 % By weight.
- the corresponding spherical solid products are completely dust-free with a uniform spherical shape with high abrasion resistance and excellent washability and solubility in the cold or only moderately heated wash liquor. Further Information on this can be found in the following description of the preferred Manufacturing process for the multi-component material that has been converted into a spherical shape in the sense of the teaching according to the invention.
- the teaching according to the invention creates the possibility of offering forms of those concerned To provide mixtures of recyclables that are aimed at the realization of all So far, properties are difficult or accessible with restrictions:
- the dry ones Multi-substance mixtures are in the form of rounded coarse grains, especially in Ball or pearl shape with practically freely selectable individual grain size in front.
- the balls as such, but also their blends, are characterized by high Bulk densities with good strength of the spherical material against the stresses in transportation, use and the like. At the same time it is connected with it the desired good and, in particular, rapid solubility and / or flushability already upon entry of the still cold aqueous liquor.
- the dispersion of problem components, for example, gelling proportions in the wash liquor is controllably adjustable.
- the invention Teaching enables the union of all detergent components in essentially freely definable mixing ratios in one grain each, as well but it is possible to have differently composed spherical agglomerates on top of each other to coordinate that unwanted segregation during storage and transportation do not occur.
- a suitable shell construction of at least a portion of the total present coarse-grained good is the realization of the gradual process Washing process easy to implement.
- the coarse-grained, solid, multi-component mixture is to a predeterminable extent free of dust and fine particles and therefore controllable free of recyclable material in the range ⁇ 0.5 mm and especially in the range ⁇ 0.4 up to 0.2 mm and below.
- the dry, coarse-grained material mixtures can be made from spheres with a very small size Variation of individual ball size can be composed on the other Side it is possible to mix balls of different individual diameters, without segregation processes for practical storage, transport and use are to be feared.
- Individual ball diameters in the sense of the teaching according to the invention are preferred at values of at least 0.5 mm and in particular at values of at least 0.6 or 0.7 mm.
- Coarse balls with diameters of the single ball of are particularly preferred at least 0.8 to 1 mm.
- Upper limits for the ball size can be chosen practically freely are and are, for example, in the range of a few millimeters, in particular up to about 5 mm. Further preferred upper limits are 3 to 4 mm and in particular at values of approximately 2 mm.
- Particularly suitable areas for the ball or Pearl shape in the sense of the teaching according to the invention are the following: 0.5 to 5 mm, preferred 0.8 to 3 mm and in particular 1 to 2 mm.
- the pourability of the spherical material is for practically any length of time Storage and also guaranteed under those conditions under which fine-grained respectively powdery mixtures of materials of the type concerned here for caking or lead bonds. There are nuisances caused by powdery particles locked out.
- the aesthetics of the outer surface of the sphere - for example by color or more closed Envelope structure - is freely adjustable. At the same time there is practical freedom in the choice or variation of the selection and composition of the components of the multi-component mixture.
- the technology used to apply the coating substance to the carrier grain falls into the area of shell agglomeration or shell aggregation.
- the suitable manufacturing processes are characterized in that the core material in the form of a pre-formed carrier grain with the finely divided material Envelope agglomerated in the flowable preparation form in the presence of the binder or granulated and solidified the binder.
- the in principle possible and the preferred ways according to the invention for producing the core material / carrier grain are already shown in the associated sub-chapter. This information is given here referred.
- the flowable binder phase is, in particular, aqueous preparations the binder substances are suitable, in particular solutions and / or emulsions come into consideration, but the use of the binder as flowable is particularly preferred Melt.
- the two types of processes mentioned here can be described in be carried out in such a way that the flowable preparation of the binder into the agglomerated or to be granulated is sprayed, at the same time Core material and the finely divided solid particles of the envelope substance of the agglomeration zone added and preferably sufficiently moved here.
- Coating the carrier grains can be done in a conventional manner in rounders, in other mixing devices but also perform in the fluidized bed.
- the core material is in sprayed on a mixer with the sticky flow phase of the binder.
- the compared to Core material finer particles stick to the surface of the core material that is rolling is moved, firmly and there form the desired shell covering.
- More suitable Devices are rounders (spheronizers), coating pans, rotary drums and the already called fluidized bed apparatus.
- the flowable binder preparation is sprayed the use of a propellant gas provided using multi-fuel nozzles.
- the procedure can be as follows: In addition in addition to the binder melt introduced with a propellant gas Another hot gas phase - usually hot air - is blown into the material to be agglomerated. This makes it possible to adjust and optimize the microclimate in the short term Area of the solid surfaces and thus the optimization of the application and spreading the binder melt on the surfaces to be brought into contact with one another.
- This coating of the carrier grain with a sprayed flowable binder, in particular a corresponding binder melt can be 1-stage or multi-stage be performed. A gradual treatment in is suitable here, for example successive roto-coaters.
- the temperature control particularly in the solid matter, as part of a melt agglomeration is largely due to the temperature sensitivity of those to be brought into contact with one another Recyclable materials or recyclable material components determined.
- the Maximum temperature of the solid material in the range up to 45 or 60 ° C and thus at most kept in the range of the melting temperature of the binder.
- the solid feed about To maintain room temperature or only slightly elevated temperatures and by means of the setting the microclimate through an injected hot gas phase Ensure spreading of the binder on the solid surfaces without causing a substantial Increase in the temperature of the goods to come.
- the total content of surfactants, including soaps, in the compositions is preferably 15 to 40% by weight and in particular 18 to 30% by weight.
- the surfactants used are - in particular also in the carrier grain - both anionic surfactants and also anionic and nonionic surfactants together.
- Preferred surfactants of the sulfonate type are C 9 -C 13 alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefin sulfonates, ie mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates and disulfonates such as are obtained, for example, from C 12 -C 18 monoolefins with a terminal or internal double bond by sulfonating with gaseous Sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the sulfonation products is considered.
- alkanesulfonates obtained from C 12 -C 18 alkanes, for example by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation with subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization.
- esters of ⁇ -sulfofatty acids for example the ⁇ -sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, and their salts.
- Sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters are also suitable.
- Fatty acid glycerol esters are to be understood as meaning the mono-, di- and triesters and their mixtures, as obtained in the production by esterification of a monoglycerol with 1 to 3 moles of fatty acid or in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 moles of glycerol.
- Preferred sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters are the sulfonation products of saturated fatty acids having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, for example caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or behenic acid.
- the sulfonation products are a complex mixture that contains mono-, di- and triglyceride sulfonates with a ⁇ -position and / or internal sulfonic acid grouping.
- sulfonated fatty acid salts, glyceride sulfates, glycerine sulfates, glycerin and soaps are formed.
- the proportion of the ⁇ -sulfonated fatty acid disalts can be up to about 60% by weight, depending on the procedure.
- alk (en) yl sulfates the alkali and in particular the sodium salts of the sulfuric acid half-esters of the C 12 -C 18 fatty alcohols, for example from coconut fatty alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C 10 -C 20 oxo alcohols and those half-esters of secondary alcohols of this chain length are preferred.
- alk (en) yl sulfates of the chain length mentioned which contain a synthetic, straight-chain alkyl radical prepared on a petrochemical basis and which have a degradation behavior analogous to that of the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials.
- C 16 -C 18 alk (en) yl sulfates are particularly preferred from the point of view of washing technology. It can also be particularly advantageous, and particularly advantageous for machine washing agents, to use C 16 -C 18 alk (en) yl sulfates in combination with lower melting anionic surfactants and in particular with those anionic surfactants which have a lower Krafft point and relatively low ones Washing temperatures of, for example, room temperature to 40 ° C. show a low tendency to crystallize.
- the compositions therefore contain mixtures of short-chain and long-chain fatty alkyl sulfates, preferably mixtures of C 12 -C 14 fatty alkyl sulfates or C 12 -C 18 fatty alkyl sulfates with C 16 -C 18 fatty alkyl sulfates or C 12 -C 16 Fatty alkyl sulfates with C 16 -C 18 fatty alkyl sulfates.
- saturated alkyl sulfates but also unsaturated alkenyl sulfates with an alkenyl chain length of preferably C 16 to C 22 are used.
- 2,3-alkyl sulfates which, for example, according to US Pat. Nos. 3,234,258 or 5,075,041 are manufactured and sold as Shell Oil Company's commercial products Suitable anionic surfactants can be obtained under the name DAN®.
- the sulfuric acid monoesters of the straight-chain or branched C 7 -C 21 alcohols ethoxylated with 1 to 6 mol ethylene oxide such as 2-methyl-branched C 9 -C 11 alcohols with an average of 3.5 mol ethylene oxide (EO) or C 12 - C 18 fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 EO are suitable. Because of their high foaming behavior, they are used in detergents only in relatively small amounts, for example in amounts of 1 to 5% by weight.
- Preferred anionic surfactants are also the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters and which are monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and especially ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
- Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C 8 to C 18 fatty alcohol residues or mixtures thereof.
- Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol residue which is derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols, which in themselves are nonionic surfactants (description see below).
- alk (en) ylsuccinic acid with preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl chain or salts thereof.
- preferred anionic surfactants are alkylbenzenesulfonates and / or both straight-chain ones as well as branched alkyl sulfates.
- soaps preferably in quantities from 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the total agent.
- suitable saturated fatty acid soaps such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, Stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid and in particular from natural fatty acids, e.g. Coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, derived soap mixtures.
- the anionic surfactants and soaps can be in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine, available.
- the anionic surfactants are preferably in the form of their sodium or potassium salts, especially in the form of the sodium salts.
- the nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an average of 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol radical can be linear or preferably methyl-branched in the 2-position or may contain linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture, as are usually present in oxo alcohol radicals.
- EO ethylene oxide
- alcohol ethoxylates with linear residues of alcohols of native origin with 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example from coconut, palm, tallow fat or oleyl alcohol, and an average of 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol are particularly preferred.
- the preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C 12 -C 14 alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C 9 -C 11 alcohols with 7 EO, C 13 -C 15 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C 12 -C 18 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures thereof, such as mixtures of C 12 -C 14 alcohol with 3 EO and C 12 -C 18 alcohol with 5 EO.
- the degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical averages, which can be an integer or a fraction for a specific product.
- Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE).
- fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples include tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.
- alkyl glycosides of the general formula RO (G) x can also be used as further nonionic surfactants, in which R denotes a primary straight-chain or methyl-branched, in particular methyl-branched aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18, C atoms and G is the symbol which stands for a glycose unit with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably for glucose.
- the degree of oligomerization x which indicates the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, is any number between 1 and 10; x is preferably 1.2 to 1.4.
- nonionic surfactants either as the sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants, in particular used together with alkoxylated fatty alcohols and / or alkyl glycosides are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated Fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably with 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, in particular Fatty acid methyl esters, as described, for example, in the Japanese patent application JP 58/217598 are described or which preferably according to that in the international Patent application WO-A-90/13533 can be prepared.
- nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallow alkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanolamides can be suitable.
- the amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, especially not more than that Half of it.
- Suitable surfactants are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula (I), in the R 2 CO for an aliphatic acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R 3 for hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms and [Z] for a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical with 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups stands.
- the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.
- the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are preferably derived from reducing sugars with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, in particular from glucose.
- the invention encompasses the embodiment that the composition of the carrier material on the one hand and that of the coating substance (s) identical or practical are the same and differ only by the particle sizes in the respective material fraction distinguish existing solid particles.
- the composition of the Recyclables or mixtures of recyclables - on the one hand in the carrier grain, on the other in the coating substance - before there are differences in the composition of the Recyclables or mixtures of recyclables - on the one hand in the carrier grain, on the other in the coating substance - before. The following applies here, for example:
- the granular agents contain a Carrier grain based on extrudate, the proportion of the extruded component (s) 50 to 80 % By weight, based on the total average. It is further preferred that this extruded component contains surfactants, the content of the extruded component of surfactants not more than 14% by weight and preferably 6 to 13% by weight on the extruded component. In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the compositions contain surfactant-containing extruded carrier components in the Amounts that thereby 0.5 to 10 wt .-%, based on the total agent, of surfactants to be provided.
- the extruded components can be produced by any of the known methods become. However, a method according to the teaching of the European is preferred Patents EP-B-0 486 592 or the teaching of international patent application WO-A-94/09111.
- the size of the preferred, almost spherical carrier extrudates is advantageously between 0.8 and 2 mm.
- the coating substance (s) contains anionic surfactants or anionic and nonionic Surfactants preferably in amounts of 30 to 95% by weight, based on the coating substance.
- the coating substance contains anionic surfactants, but free of nonionic surfactants.
- Alkylbenzenesulfonates are advantageously used as anionic surfactants and / or straight-chain and / or branched alkyl sulfates are used.
- the non-extruded Granular and surfactant-containing components are preferably in the Amounts contained in the agents that they 2 to 30 wt .-%, in particular 5 to 25th % By weight, based in each case on the total composition, of surfactants.
- surfactant-containing extrusions are extruded Carrier components and surfactant-containing non-extruded coating substances used, the weight ratio of extruded component containing surfactant: non-extruded component containing surfactant Component 6: 1 to 2: 1 and in particular 5: 1 to 3: 1
- the non-extruded components in particular the surfactant-containing components, can by any of the processes known today, for example by means of spray drying, Superheated steam drying, spray neutralization or granulation.
- Especially components containing anionic surfactants which are preferred by spray neutralization are preferred according to German patent application DE-A-44 25 968 or by granulation and possibly simultaneous drying in a fluidized bed in accordance with the teaching of the international Applications WO-A-93/04162 and WO-A-94/18303 can be obtained.
- the grain size distribution of non-extruded surfactants - also in the form of granules - should meet the requirement stated above: at least smaller on average than the carrier grain to ensure its wrapping.
- hydrolases such as proteases, Esterases, lipases or lipolytic enzymes, amylases, cellulases or others Glycosyl hydrolases and mixtures of the enzymes mentioned in question. All of these hydrolases contribute to the removal of stains in the laundry, such as those containing protein, fat or starch Stains, and graying. Cellulases and other glycosy
- Bacterial strains or fungi such as Bacillus subtilis or Bacillus are particularly suitable licheniformis, Streptomyces griseus and Humicola insolens Active ingredients.
- Proteases of the subtilisin type and in particular proteases are preferably which are obtained from Bacillus lentus.
- enzyme mixtures for example from protease and amylase or protease and lipase or lipolytic Enzymes or protease and cellulase or from cellulase and lipase or lipolytic acting enzymes or from protease, amylase and lipase or lipolytically acting Enzymes or protease, lipase or lipolytic enzymes and cellulase, in particular, however, mixtures or mixtures containing protease and / or lipase lipolytic enzymes of particular interest.
- lipolytic acting enzymes are the well-known cutinases. Also have peroxidases or oxidases proved to be suitable in some cases.
- Suitable amylases include in particular ⁇ -amylases, iso-amylases, pullulanases and pectinases.
- cellulases preferably cellobiohydrolases, endoglucanases and ⁇ -glucosidases, which are also cellobiases are called, or mixtures of these are used. Because the different Differentiate cellulase types by their CMCase and avicelase activities the desired activities can be set by targeted mixtures of the cellulases.
- the enzymes can be adsorbed on carriers and / or embedded in coating substances to protect them against premature decomposition.
- the proportion of enzymes, enzyme mixtures or enzyme granules can, for example, about 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, preferably 0.1 to about 2 wt .-%.
- Suitable foam inhibitors are, for example, soaps of natural or synthetic origin, which have a high proportion of C 18 -C 24 fatty acids.
- Suitable non-surfactant-like foam inhibitors are, for example, organopolysiloxanes and their mixtures with microfine, optionally silanized silica, and paraffins, waxes, microcrystalline waxes and their mixtures with silanized silica or bistearylethylenediamide. Mixtures of various foam inhibitors are also used with advantages, for example those made of silicones, paraffins or waxes.
- the foam inhibitors in particular silicone and / or paraffin-containing foam inhibitors, are preferably bound to a granular, water-soluble or dispersible carrier substance.
- a granular, water-soluble or dispersible carrier substance e.g., a granular, water-soluble or dispersible carrier substance.
- Mixtures of paraffins and bis-stearyl-ethylenediamides and mixtures of paraffins and silicones on inorganic carriers are particularly preferred.
- Granules which contain mixtures of paraffins and silicones in a weight ratio of 1: 1 to 3: 1 are particularly preferred.
- bleach activators can be incorporated into the preparations.
- these are N-acyl or O-acyl compounds which form organic peracids with H 2 O 2 , preferably N, N'-tetraacylated diamines, p- (alkanoyloxy) benzenesulfonates, furthermore carboxylic acid anhydrides and esters of polyols such as glucose pentaacetate.
- Other known bleach activators are acetylated mixtures of sorbitol and mannitol, as described, for example, in European patent application EP-A-0 525 239.
- bleach activators are N, N, N ', N'-tetraacetylethylene diamine (TAED), 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxo-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT) and acetylated sorbitol-mannitol mixtures (SORMAN).
- the bleach activators contain bleach activators in the usual range.
- the bleach activators are incorporated into the agents according to the invention in amounts such that the agents contain 1 to 10% by weight and preferably 3 to 8% by weight, based in each case on the total agent, of bleach activator.
- ingredients of the agents according to the invention are preferably inorganic and organic builder substances, bleaching agents, substances that reduce the oil and fat washability positively influence graying inhibitors, possibly substances, which the solubility and the dissolution rate of the individual granular components and / or improve the total agent, textile softening substances, optical brighteners, Dyes and fragrances as well as alkaline and / or neutral salts in the form of their sodium and / or potassium salts.
- Suitable inorganic builder substance is, for example, fine crystalline, synthetic and bound water-containing zeolite in detergent quality.
- zeolite A and / or P and, if appropriate, zeolite X and mixtures of A, X and / or P are suitable.
- the zeolite can be used as a spray-dried powder or as an undried stabilized suspension which is still moist from its production.
- the zeolite may contain minor additions of nonionic surfactants as stabilizers, for example 1 to 3% by weight, based on zeolite, of ethoxylated C 12 -C 18 fatty alcohols with 2 to 5 ethylene oxide groups , C 12 -C 14 fatty alcohols with 4 to 5 ethylene oxide groups or ethoxylated isotridecanols.
- Suitable zeolites have an average particle size of less than 10 ⁇ m (volume distribution; measurement method: Coulter Counter) and preferably contain 18 to 22% by weight, in particular 20 to 22% by weight, of bound water. Zeolites can be contained both in the extruded components and in the non-extruded components.
- Suitable substitutes or partial substitutes for phosphates and zeolites are crystalline, layered sodium silicates of the general formula NaMSi x O 2x + 1 .yH 2 O, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for x are 2, 3 or 4.
- Such crystalline layered silicates are described, for example, in European patent application EP-A-0 164 514.
- Preferred crystalline layered silicates of the formula given are those in which M represents sodium and x assumes the values 2 or 3.
- both ⁇ - and d-sodium disilicate Na 2 Si 2 O 5 .yH 2 O are preferred, wherein ⁇ -sodium disilicate can be obtained, for example, by the method described in international patent application WO-A-91/08171.
- Crystalline layered sodium silicates can be contained both in the extruded and in the non-extruded components.
- Amorphous silicates so-called X-ray amorphous silicates, which do not produce any sharp X-ray reflections in X-ray diffraction experiments, as are typical for crystalline substances, but at most one or more maxima of the scattered X-rays, which have a width of several degree units of the diffraction angle, can have secondary washing power and can be used as builder substances be used. It can even lead to particularly good builder properties if the silicate particles provide washed-out or even sharp diffraction maxima in electron diffraction experiments. This is to be interpreted as meaning that the products have microcrystalline areas of size 10 to a few hundred nm, values up to max. 50 nm and in particular up to max. 20 nm are preferred.
- Spray-dried sodium carbonate-sodium silicate compounds are also particularly preferred, which may additionally contain surfactants, in particular anionic surfactants such as alkylbenzenesulfonates or alkyl sulfates, including the 2,3-alkyl sulfates.
- Amorphous silicates and silicate compounds such as the silicate-carbonate compounds mentioned can also be contained in the carrier grain as well as in the coating substance.
- Sodium silicate with a molar ratio Na 2 O: SiO 2 of 1: 1 to 1: 4.5 is primarily used as the amorphous silicate, and preferably from 1: 2 to 1: 3.0 as the amorphous silicate.
- the content of sodium carbonate and / or sodium bicarbonate in the agents is preferably up to 20% by weight, advantageously between 5 and 15% by weight.
- the sodium silicate content of the compositions is generally up to 30% by weight and preferably between 2 and 25% by weight.
- Usable organic builders are, for example, the preferred ones in the form of their Sodium salts used polycarboxylic acids, such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, Glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), provided that such use is not objectionable for ecological reasons, and mixtures of these.
- Preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as Citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids and Mixtures of these.
- Suitable polymeric polycarboxylates are, for example, the sodium salts of polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, for example those with a relative molecular weight from 800 to 150,000 (based on acid).
- Suitable copolymeric polycarboxylates are in particular those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid and acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid. Copolymers of acrylic acid have been found to be particularly suitable Maleic acid proved to be 50 to 90 wt .-% acrylic acid and 50 to 10 wt .-% maleic acid contain.
- Their relative molecular weight, based on free acids is in general 5000 to 200000, preferably 10000 to 120000 and in particular 50000 to 100000.
- Ter- and quadro-polymers are also particularly preferred, for example those which according to DE-A-43 00 772 as monomer salts of acrylic acid and maleic acid and Vinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol derivatives or according to DE-C-42 21 381 as monomers Contain salts of acrylic acid and 2-alkylallylsulfonic acid as well as sugar derivatives.
- Suitable builder systems are oxidation products of carboxyl-containing ones Polyglucosans and / or their water-soluble salts, such as those used in the international Patent application WO-A-93/08251 can be described or their preparation is described, for example, in international patent application WO-A-93/16110.
- Also known as other preferred builder substances are the known polyaspartic acids or to name their salts and derivatives.
- polyacetals which are obtained by reacting dialdehydes with polyol carboxylic acids, which have 5 to 7 carbon atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl groups have, for example as in European patent application EP-A-0 280 223 described can be obtained.
- Preferred polyacetals are made from dialdehydes such as glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, terephthalaldehyde and mixtures thereof and from polyol carboxylic acids such as gluconic acid and / or glucoheptonic acid.
- the organic builder substances can be found both in the carrier grain and in the coating substance can be used, the use in the carrier grain may be preferred.
- bleaching agents which can be used are, for example, sodium percarbonate, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and H 2 O 2 -producing peracidic salts or peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid or diperdodecanedioic acid.
- the bleaching agent content of the agents is preferably 5 to 25% by weight and in particular 10 to 20% by weight, with perborate monohydrate being advantageously used.
- the bleaching agents can be contained both in the carrier grain and in the coating substance of the agent. It is preferred to introduce perborates into the agent via the carrier grain, while percarbonates are preferably used in the coating substance.
- the agents can also contain components that make oil and fat washable made of textiles. This effect is particularly evident if a textile is soiled, which has previously been repeatedly with an inventive Detergent containing this oil and fat-dissolving component is washed.
- the preferred oil- and fat-dissolving components include, for example, nonionic Cellulose ethers such as methyl cellulose and methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose with a proportion of Methoxyl groups from 15 to 30 wt .-% and hydroxypropoxyl groups from 1 to 15 %
- nonionic Cellulose ethers such as methyl cellulose and methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose with a proportion of Methoxyl groups from 15 to 30 wt .-% and hydroxypropoxyl groups from 1 to 15 %
- Graying inhibitors have the task of removing the dirt detached from the fiber in the Keep the liquor suspended and thus prevent the dirt from re-opening.
- Water-soluble colloids of mostly organic nature are suitable for this purpose, for example the water-soluble salts of polymeric carboxylic acids, glue, gelatin, salts of ether carboxylic acids or ether sulfonic acids of starch or cellulose or salts of acidic Sulfuric acid esters of cellulose or starch.
- water-soluble, acidic groups containing polyamides are suitable for this purpose.
- Soluble starch preparations can also be used and use starch products other than the above, e.g. degraded Starch, aldehyde starches, etc.
- Polyvinylpyrrolidone can also be used.
- cellulose ethers such as carboxymethyl cellulose (sodium salt), methyl cellulose, hydroxyalkyl cellulose and mixed ethers such as methylhydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose, Methyl carboxymethyl cellulose and mixtures thereof, and polyvinyl pyrrolidone for example in amounts of 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, based on the agent used.
- these substances can be found both in the core and in the shell, but in particular also in the Binder may be included.
- the agents can also contain constituents which increase the dissolution rate of the individual components and / or of the entire agent.
- the components preferably used include, in particular, C 8 -C 18 alcohols with 10 to 80 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol, for example tallow fatty alcohol with 30 EO and tallow fatty alcohol with 40 EO, but also fatty alcohols with 14 EO, and polyethylene glycols with a relative molecular weight between 200 and 2000.
- Other suitable substances are described, for example, in international patent application WO-A-93/02176.
- the agents can be derivatives of diaminostilbenedisulfonic acid or their Contain alkali metal salts. Suitable are e.g. Salts of 4,4'-bis (2-anilino-4-morpholino-1,3,5-triazinyl-6-amino) stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid or similarly constructed Compounds which, instead of the morpholino group, have a diethanolamino group, a methylamino group, carry an anilino group or a 2-methoxyethylamino group.
- Farther brighteners of the substituted diphenylstyryl type may be present, e.g.
- sulfates optionally and in particular in cleaning agents, can be used as neutral salts Chlorides may also be included.
- Some fine-grained components can also be used to make existing granules to powder, thereby reducing stickiness of the granules and the Increase bulk densities of the individual granules as well as the entire agent.
- Suitable such surface modifiers are known from the prior art.
- Textile detergent mixture is, according to EP-B 0 486 592, by extrusion, Teeing granulation, rounding and subsequent drying a raw extrudate is produced, whose particle size distribution - determined as% by sieve% - in the Table 3 below is summarized.
- composition of this crude extrudate is as follows: Composition raw extrudate % By weight Zeolite A (anhydrous active substance) 27.1 soda 11.4 Na perborate monohydrate 17.4 Na sulfate 5.1 C 9 -C 13 alkylbenzenesulfonate 9.6 Tallow fatty alcohol with 5 EO 0.7 C 12 -C 18 fatty alcohol with 7 EO 4.3 Copolymer sodium salt of acrylic acid 7.1 C 12 -C 18 fatty acid soap 1.2 PEG 400 3.0 Sodium silicate (Na 2 O: SiO 2 1: 2.0) 2.1 Brightener 0.4 water 10.1 Salts 0.5
- the granular raw extrudate is combined as carrier material (carrier grain) with the other valuable and auxiliary substances (shell substance) summarized in Table 2 using the binders still identified below in the sense of shell agglomeration.
- Table 2 also shows the quantitative ratios - in% by weight, based on the sum of carrier grain and coating substances - for the components used in the agglomeration process.
- Composition of finished product % By weight Raw extrudate 66.9 Granules of 85% by weight of the sodium salts of coconut fatty alcohol sulfate and tallow fatty alcohol sulfate in a weight ratio of 1: 1, 12% by weight of sodium sulfate, the rest unsulfated components and water; made by granulation and drying in the fluidized bed 15.8 Tetraacetylethylenediamine granules 8.2 Defoamer granules based on a mixture of silicone oil, starch and fatty alcohol 3.64 Soil repellent 2.0 Enzyme mixture 1.56 Powdering agent 1.5 Fragrances 0.4
- Table 3 summarizes the grain size distribution - determined according to the number of sieves in% by weight - for the crude extrudate (carrier grain) and the additives (coating substances). Taking into account the quantitative ratios according to Table 2 on the proportion of the crude exudate / carrier grain on the one hand and the mixture components additionally used as the coating substance, it can be seen that in the vast majority of the spherical granules formed, the carrier grain is formed by crude extrudate particles with a particle diameter> 1.0 mm.
- the dissolution behavior of the respective agglomerate spheres is determined using the "L test".
- the agglomerate to be examined in each case is selected from those specified below Conditions dissolved in water and the residue determined gravimetrically. Measured the residue (in% by weight) after a dissolution time of 1.5 minutes under standard conditions and in a second determination the residue in% by weight after a Release time of 5.0 minutes. The following applies to the execution of this L-test:
- the individual tests are carried out as follows: 1,000 ml of city water are placed in a 2,000 ml beaker and the propeller stirring head is inserted approximately 1.5 cm from the beaker bottom.
- the agitator motor is switched on and set to 800 rpm. ⁇ 10 rpm. set.
- 8 g of the detergent to be examined are added and stirred for 90 seconds or 5.0 minutes.
- the stirrer is removed and cleaned with water.
- the wash liquor is poured through the previously tared sieve and the beaker is rinsed with a little water.
- the sieve with the residue is dried to constant weight in a drying cabinet at 40 ° C ⁇ 5 ° C and weighed. A double determination is used in each case.
- Residue% Weight in g ⁇ 100 Weight in g
- a triple determination is carried out for larger differences. From the double respectively An average is calculated for triplicate determinations.
- the dissolution behavior is determined in the so-called bowl test.
- the implementation This test is carried out as follows:
- Examples 1 to 4 below give more details on the choice of binder by type and quantity, the type of agglomeration process used and the characteristic data obtained according to the evaluation criteria of the L test and the Bowl tests and the particle size distribution of the agglomerates according to the invention.
- All mixing components to be combined with one another in the agglomeration stage are Weighed together according to the mixing recipe and together into the selected one Coating or agglomeration equipment filled.
- the binder used is also made according to the selected recipe - either as a melt or as an aqueous preparation - balanced and in the pump template filled.
- the coating or agglomeration apparatus is started and started spraying at the same time.
- the flowable binder preparation is applied to the sprayed moving contents of the agglomeration apparatus.
- the spraying process will be within a few minutes, preferably in 1 to 2 minutes and at most within 5 minutes completed.
- a short mixing is carried out for approx. 0.5 to 1 minutes, then the agglomerate is removed. Is one for spraying Melt has been used, the process is ended.
- aqueous binder preparations this is followed by a final drying step. For this, the removed Agglomerate in a fluidized bed apparatus using warm air of approx. 90 ° C for the Dried for about 5 minutes, the material temperature may be 65 ° C (maximum 70 ° C) must not be exceeded.
- the agglomeration device is operated in a mixer in which the solid material is moved and sprayed with the binder phase.
- a 30% by weight is used as the binder liquid phase aqueous preparation of the cobuilder used in textile detergents and under of the product sold under the trade name "SOKALAN" (sodium salt of a Acrylic acid copolymers).
- SOKALAN sodium salt of a Acrylic acid copolymers.
- This aqueous binder preparation is used in an amount of 4 % By weight - based on the solid material to be agglomerated - sprayed on. It is here worked without adding the defoamer component to the agglomeration stage.
- Example 2 In a modification of the technology of Example 1, the same mixture of recyclables is now in the fluidized bed using a melt of PEG 4000 as a binder of the agglomeration subjected.
- This binder which is solid at room temperature and soluble in cold water comes in an amount of 2% by weight based on the solid material to be agglomerated Commitment.
- Example 1 The technical teaching according to Example 1 is repeated.
- the defoamer component on However, the basis of a mixture of silicone oil, starch and fatty alcohol is now added added to the spherical agglomerate formed and solidified there by rolling.
- example 1 is repeated, but here - in deviation from the teaching Example 3 - the defoamer granulate based on silicone oil directly to the multi-component mixture added in the mixer and together with the other components of the coating substance bound in the multi-material material by means of the sprayed-in binder.
- Examples 1 to 4 are used to determine: the respective grain spectrum, the L-test values after 1.5 minutes and 5.0 minutes and the assessment in the bowl test.
- the respectively determined values or evaluations are summarized in Table 4 below.
- Examples 5 and 6 below assume two commercial products on the market which are sold as universal textile detergents in the form of granules currently used.
- the sieve analysis of these two free-flowing solid formulations is shown in Table 5 below.
- Sieve analysis of raw materials Example 5% by weight Example 6% by weight > 1.6 mm 1.87 1.22 > 1.25 mm 22.95 3.41 > 1.0 mm 15.23 5.44 > 0.8 mm 13.40 8.12 > 0.4 mm 27.10 56.05 > 0.2 mm 15.23 20.88 ⁇ 0.2 mm 3.69 5.36 > 0.6 mm 62.5 32.4 > 0.8 mm 53.45 18.19
- the proportion of coarse granules lies in the granules according to Example 5 with particle sizes> 0.8 mm already over 50% by weight.
- This product is included Using an aqueous surfactant solution in a Lödige mixer with a chopper and then been dried.
- Example 6 In contrast, the coarse-grained fraction is in the feed of Example 6 (> 0.8 mm) below 20% by weight.
- the powdery, free-flowing and free-flowing mixture of textile detergents from retailers Grain size distribution according to Table 5 is carried out using a melt of polyethylene glycol with an average molecular weight of 4,000 (PEG 4,000) as a binder for the melt agglomeration process subject to the teaching of the invention.
- PEG 4,000 polyethylene glycol with an average molecular weight of 4,000
- successive Batches increase the amount of binder from 1% by weight to 5% by weight.
- the UWM commercial product used here with a comparatively finer grain - see the sieve analysis of Table 5 - is increasing in a first process step in a Lödige mixer with chopper with an aqueous solution of a cobuilder for textile detergents (commercial product "Sokalan” on a copolymer basis) Amounts of this binder are sprayed, compacted and then dried.
- Table 7 the sieving numbers of the products obtained in each case are assigned to the amounts of binder used on a "Sokalan” basis. It can be seen that the grain size can be shifted upwards with increasing amounts of binder, however the grain size is still widely distributed.
- the intermediate product is selected for further processing % By weight of the polymer-based binder and a grain fraction> 0.8 mm of 55 wt .-%.
- this feed is described as before in the mixer with different amounts of a melt of polyethylene glycol with a sprayed average molecular weight of 6,000 (PEG 6000) and in the invention Senses granulated.
- Example 7 summarizes the results in tabular form, those with regard to the solubility and the grain spectrum in the sense of the invention Teaching pearl-shaped textile detergent mixtures can be determined.
- a textile detergent raw mixture is assumed, which in Form not post-treated according to the invention is the subject of Example 7 (Comparative example).
- This raw mixture consists of one according to the information from EP-B-0486592 extruded crude extrudate (in the sense of at the beginning of this Examples given in Table 1) and other detergent active ingredients (in the sense Table 2) together.
- This multicomponent mixture of Comparative Example 7 is mixed with different binders In the sense of the teaching according to the invention in Examples 8 to 14 agglomerated to form beads.
- the crude extrudate is the carrier grain, which is associated with the others Detergent ingredients as coating substances using the respective binder or binder mixtures is enveloped.
- the binder or the binder mixture as a melt with a melting temperature of 100 ° C using a multi-component nozzle in the multicomponent mixture to be agglomerated has been entered. In all cases worked in a Roto-Granulator (company Glatt).
- the tabular summary of the work results identifies the binders or binder mixtures used by type and amount (percent by weight based on the textile detergent mixture) and then summarizes the numerical values for the solubility behavior and the grain spectrum.
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Description
- Jedes Korn enthält in seinem Inneren einen haftfest verdichteten Kern aus einem oder mehreren Wert- und/oder Hilfsstoffen, die in wäßriger Flotte löslich und/oder feinstdispergiert unlöslich sind - im nachfolgenden auch als "Kernmaterial" bezeichnet.
- Dieses Kernmaterial ist umhüllt von einer Abmischung gleicher und/oder weiterer Wert- und/oder Hilfsstoffe, deren Feststoffanteil eine individuelle Teilchengröße besitzt, die geringer als der Durchmesser des Kernmaterials ist - im nachfolgenden auch als "Hüllsubstanz" bezeichnet.
- Dabei sind diese Teilchen der Hüllsubstanz unter Mitverwendung eines auch schon im kalten Wasser löslichen und/oder dispergierbaren und bei Raumtemperatur festen Bindemittels miteinander und an die Außenfläche des Kernmaterials gebunden - in der Erfindungsbeschreibung wird dieses Bindemittel auch als "Binder" bezeichnet. Der Binder kann dabei organischen und/oder anorganischen Ursprungs sein.
Acrylamidpolymere; Acrylsäure- und/oder Methacrylsäure-Polymere und -Copolymere mit weiteren insbesondere freie Carboxygruppen enthaltenden Komponenten, wie Maleinsäure; Ethylenoxidpolymere beziehungsweise Polyethylenglykole und deren Umsetzungsprodukte; Polymerverbindungen auf Basis von Kohlenhydratverbindungen von der Art des Guar Gum sowie Heteropolysaccaride von der Art des Gum Arabic oder des Gum Tragacanth; Galacto-mannan Polymere von der Art des Locust Bean Gum; wasserlösliche Cellulosederivate zum Beispiel von der Art der Alkylcellulosen, Hydroxyalkylcellulosen, Carboxymethylcellulosen und dergleichen; Polyethylenimine; Polyvinylalkohol und wasserlösliche Vinylalkohol-Copolymere; Polyvinylpyrrolidon sowie Stärke und wasserlösliche Stärkederivate. Der hier definierte Begriff der Polymerverbindungen schließt in allen Fällen entsprechende Oligomerverbindungen vergleichsweise niedrigeren Molgewichtes ein, soweit diese Komponenten die im Rahmen der Erfindungsoffenbarung geschilderten Anforderungen an den Binder und seine Eigenschaften erfüllen. Auch insoweit kann auf das allgemeine Fachwissen verwiesen werden.
| Zusammensetzung Rohextrudat | Gew.-% |
| Zeolith A (wasserfreie Aktivsubstanz) | 27,1 |
| Soda | 11,4 |
| Na-Perborat-Monohydrat | 17,4 |
| Na-Sulfat | 5,1 |
| C9-C13-Alkylbenzolsulfonat | 9,6 |
| Talgfettalkohol mit 5 EO | 0,7 |
| C12-C18-Fettalkohol mit 7 EO | 4,3 |
| Copolymeres Natriumsalz der Acrylsäure | 7,1 |
| C12-C18-Fettsäureseife | 1,2 |
| PEG 400 | 3,0 |
| Natriumsilikat (Na2O:SiO2 1:2,0) | 2,1 |
| Aufheller | 0,4 |
| Wasser | 10,1 |
| Salze | 0,5 |
| Zusammensetzung Fertigprodukt | Gew.-% |
| Rohextrudat | 66,9 |
| Granulat aus 85 Gew.-% der Natriumsalze von Kokosfettalkoholsulfat und Talgfettalkoholsulfat im Gewichtsverhältnis 1:1, 12 Gew.-% Natriumsulfat, Rest unsulfierte Anteile und Wasser; hergestellt durch Granulierung und gleichzeitig Trocknung in der Wirbelschicht | 15,8 |
| Tetraacetylethylendiamin-Granulat | 8,2 |
| Entschäumer-Granulat auf Basis einer Abmischung von Silikonöl, Stärke und Fettalkohol | 3,64 |
| Soil repellent | 2,0 |
| Enzym-Gemisch | 1,56 |
| Abpuderungsmittel | 1,5 |
| Duftstoffe | 0,4 |
In ein 2.000 ml Becherglas werden 1.000 ml Stadtwasser gegeben und der Propellerrührkopf ca. 1,5 cm vom Becherglasboden zentriert eingesetzt. Der Rührmotor wird eingeschaltet und auf 800 U/Min. ± 10 U/Min. eingestellt. Dann werden 8 g des zu untersuchenden Waschmittels eingegeben und 90 Sekunden beziehungsweise 5,0 Min. gerührt. Der Rührer wird entfernt und mit Wasser gereinigt. Danach wird die Waschlauge durch das vorher tarierte Sieb gegossen und mit wenig Wasser das Becherglas spült. Das Sieb mit dem Rückstand wird bis zur Gewichtskonstanz im Trockenschrank bei 40°C ± 5°C getrocknet und ausgewogen. Es wird dabei jeweils mit einer Doppelbestimmung gearbeitet.
- +
- einwandfrei, keine erkennbaren Rückstände
- -/+
- vereinzelte aber doch erkennbare und bei kritischer Beurteilung bereits störende Rückstände
- -
- deutlich erkennbare und störende Rückstände in steigender Anzahl und Menge, Agglomerat- bis Klumpenbildung.
| Siebanalyse der Einsatzrohstoffe | ||
| Beispiel 5 Gew.-% | Beispiel 6 Gew.-% | |
| > 1,6 mm | 1,87 | 1,22 |
| > 1,25 mm | 22,95 | 3,41 |
| > 1,0 mm | 15,23 | 5,44 |
| > 0,8 mm | 13,40 | 8,12 |
| > 0,4 mm | 27,10 | 56,05 |
| > 0,2 mm | 15,23 | 20,88 |
| < 0,2 mm | 3,69 | 5,36 |
| > 0,6 mm | 62,5 | 32,4 |
| > 0,8 mm | 53,45 | 18,19 |
| Besprüht mit Schmelze | 1,5 Gew.-% PEG 4000 % | 2,5 Gew.-% PEG 4000 % | 4 Gew.-% PEG 4000 % | 5 Gew.-% PEG 4000 % |
| > 1,6 mm | 2,10 | 4,1 | 6,09 | 6,2 |
| >1,25 mm | 26,58 | 28,91 | 36,91 | 40,48 |
| > 1,0 mm | 14,95 | 12,12 | 17,22 | 25,22 |
| > 0,8 mm | 14,15 | 15,35 | 13,93 | 13,03 |
| > 0,4 mm | 26,9 | 26,60 | 20,75 | 13,05 |
| > 0,2 mm | 13,22 | 11,85 | 4,6 | 1,92 |
| < 0,2 mm | 2,1 | 0,85 | 0,5 | 0,1 |
| Σ > 0,8 mm | 57,78 | 60,48 | 74,15 | 84,93 |
| Handelsübliches UWM-Granulat im Mischer mit Zerhacker nachgranuliert | ||||
| besprüht mit Lösung | 2,5 Gew.-% 30 Gew.-%iges Sokalan | 3,0 Gew.-% 30 Gew.-%iges Sokalan | 3,5 Gew.-% 30 Gew.-%iges Sokalan | 4,0 Gew.-% 30Gew.-%iges Sokalan |
| > 1,6 mm | 4,44 | 3,85 | 4,81 | 6,21 |
| > 1,25 mm | 12,10 | 14,78 | 26,10 | 27,75 |
| > 1,0 mm | 13,20 | 14,25 | 17,27 | 20,33 |
| > 0,8 mm | 21,77 | 22,23 | 21,45 | 19,63 |
| > 0,4 mm | 44,29 | 40,88 | 28,39 | 25,38 |
| > 0,2 mm | 3,29 | 4,01 | 1,42 | 0,70 |
| < 0,2 mm | - | - | - | - |
| Σ > 0,8 mm | 51,41 | 55,11 | 69,63 | 73,92 |
| Nachgranuliertes handelsübliches UWM-Granulat | |||
| mit 3 Gew.-% 30%iger Sokalanlösung nachgranuliert | |||
| besprüht mit Schmelzen | 2 Gew.-% PEG 6000 | 3 Gew.-% PEG 6000 | 4 Gew.-% PEG 6000 |
| > 1,6 mm | 6,35 | 7,20 | 12,18 |
| > 1,25 mm | 18,27 | 26,02 | 35,75 |
| > 1,0 mm | 17,93 | 21,26 | 24,83 |
| > 0,8 mm | 20,68 | 20,10 | 14,11 |
| > 0,4 mm | 33,72 | 23,32 | 15,38 |
| > 0,2 mm | 3,05 | 2,10 | 0,75 |
| < 0,2 mm | - | - | . |
| > 0,8 mm | 63,23 | 74,58 | 86,87 |
- TA 40:
- Talgalkohol-Ethoxylat mit 40 EO.
- Eumulgin B2:
- Fettalkohol(C16-18) + 20 EO
- Eumulgin B3:
- Fettalkohol (C16-18) + 30 EO
- PEG 4000:
- Polyethylenglycol mit mittleren MG 4000
Claims (32)
- Mehrkomponentiges schütt- und rieselfähiges Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel in grobkörnig abgerundeter Angebotsform, insbesondere Textilwaschmittel in Perlenform, das zusätzlich hohe Dichte mit guter Auflösbarkeit auch in kaltem Wasser verbindet und dabei vergrößerte Freiheit in der Wahl der Wert- und gegebenenfalls Hilfsstoffe ermöglicht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es als abriebfestes, von Staub- und Feinanteilen freies Gut der nachfolgenden Kornstruktur ausgebildet ist:haftfest verdichteter Kern aus einem oder mehreren Wert- und/oder Hilfsstoffen, die in wäßriger Flotte löslich und/oder feinstdispergiert unlöslich sind (Kernmaterial/Trägerkorn)umhüllt von einer Abmischung gleicher und/oder weiterer Wert- und/oder Hilfsstoffe mit - bezogen auf den Durchmesser des Kernmaterials/Trägerkorns - geringerer individueller Teilchengröße (Hüllsubstanz)wobei diese Teilchen der Hüllsubstanz unter Mitverwendung eines auch schon in kaltem Wasser löslichen und/oder dispergierbaren bei Raumtemperatur festen organischen und/oder anorganischen Bindemittels miteinander und an die Außenfläche des Kernmaterials gebunden sind(Binder).
- Wertstoffgemisch nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Auflösung in der wäßrigen Flotte behindernde, insbesondere bei Wasserzutritt gelbildende und/oder nur langsam lösliche Komponenten der Mehrstoffgemische zum wenigstens überwiegenden Anteil Bestandteil der Hüllsubstanz mit vorbestimmbarer individueller Teilchengröße dieser Anteile sind.
- Wertstoffgemisch nach Ansprüchen 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß seine Körner wenigstens annähemd Kugelform besitzen, deren Größe (Kugeldurchmesser) bevorzugt innerhalb der folgenden Bereiche liegt: 0,5 bis 5 mm, bevorzugt 0,8 bis 3 mm und insbesondere 1 bis 2 mm, wobei es weiterhin bevorzugt sein kann, daß innerhalb einer Produktcharge das kugelförmige Gut in seiner Gesamtheit im wesentlichen gleiche Kugelgröße aufweist.
- Wertstoffgemisch nach Ansprüchen 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das verdichtete Kernmaterial/Trägerkorn wenigstens 15 Gew. %, bevorzugt wenigstens 35 Gew.-% und insbesondere mehr als 50 Gew.-%, ausmacht - Gew.-% jeweils bezogen auf das gesamte Mehrstoffgemisch - während der Mengenanteil der Hüllsubstanz bevorzugt wenigstens 10 Gew.-% und insbesondere wenigstens 20 Gew.-%, beträgt (Gew.-% wie zuvor definiert).
- Wertstoffgemisch nach Ansprüchen 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das verdichtete Kernmaterial im Kugelinneren (Trägerkorn) beim wenigstens überwiegenden Anteil des schutt- und rieselfähigen Feststoffgutes durch nur ein Trägerkorn gebildet ist, das seinerseits ein- oder mehrkomponentig ausgebildet sein kann und insbesondere im letzten Fall mittels Verdichtungsverfahren eines Mehrstoffgemisches bei gleichzeitiger und/oder nachfolgender Formgebung zum individuellen Trägerkorn hergestellt worden ist.
- Wertstoffgemisch nach Ansprüchen 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das mehrkomponentige Trägerkorn über Verdichtungsverfahren wie Naßgranulation, bevorzugt bei gleichzeitig verdichtendem Eintrag mechanischer Energie, Schmelzagglomeration, Sprühagglomeration in insbesondere rotierender Wirbelschicht, Walzenkompaktierung, insbesondere aber durch Extrusion und verwandte Verdichtungsverfahren - soweit erforderlich jeweils mit eingeschlossener Formgebung zum individuellen Trägerkorn - hergestellt worden ist.
- Wertstoffgemische nach Ansprüchen 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das verdichtete Trägerkorn aus einer Mehrzahl kleinerer Teilchen unter Mitverwendung eines insbesondere auch in kaltem Wasser löslichen Binders aufgebaut ist.
- Wertstoffgemische nach Ansprüchen 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Kernmaterial/Trägerkorn zum wenigstens substantiellen Anteil durch wasserlösliche und/oder feinstdispers in Wasser unlösliche anorganische und/oder organische Komponenten üblicher Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel gebildet ist - zum Beispiel Textilwaschmittelbuilder und/oder Cobuilder, Alkalisierungsmittel, temperaturstabile Bleichmittel auf Wasserstoffperoxidbasis wie Perboratverbindungen -, wobei aber auch - bevorzugt in untergeordneten Mengen - Inhaltsstoffe organischen Ursprungs, zum Beispiel wenigstens weitgehend vergelungsfrei lösliche Tensidverbindungen, insbesondere entsprechende Aniontenside und/oder Niotenside, Cobuilder, Aufheller und dergleichen, Bestandteil(e) des Kernmaterials/Trägerkorns sein können.
- Wertstoffgemische nach Ansprüchen 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auch wasch- und reinigungsaktive Enzyme und Enzymzubereitungen als Bestandteil des Kernmaterials/Trägerkorns vorliegen, wobei hier bevorzugt sein kann, daß nur in einem untergeordneten Anteil der Feststoffkugeln enzymhaltiges Material im Trägerkorn zugegen ist.
- Wertstoffgemische nach Ansprüchen 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hüllsubstanz unmittelbar auf dem Trägerkorn haftet oder über (eine) Trennschicht(en) mittelbar haftfest mit dem Trägerkorn verbunden ist.
- Wertstoffgemische nach Ansprüchen 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Feststoff-Komponenten der Hüllsubstanz eine oder mehrere der nachfolgenden Vertreter vorliegen:Staub- und/oder Feinanteile beziehungsweise zur Feinteiligkeit zerkleinerte Anteile des Kernmaterials/Trägerkornslangsam lösliche und/oder vergelende Komponenten und/oder Mehrstoffcompoundsübliche Bestandteile, insbesondere auch Kleinbestandteile, von Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln, soweit sie den Arbeitsbedingungen der Verdichtung des Kernmaterials/Trägerkorns nicht ausgesetzt werden sollengegebenenfalls auch in kaltem Wasser schnelllösliche Komponenten zur raschen Konditionierung der Waschflotte und/oder des zu reinigenden GutesReaktivkomponenten zur nachfolgenden Abreaktion mit weiteren Reaktivbestand teilen des Mehrstoffgemisches nach deren Auflösung in der wäßrigen Flotte.
- Wertstoffgemische nach Ansprüchen 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Feststoffkomponenten der Hüllsubstanz mit mittleren Teilchengrößen (Siebzahlen) < 0,8 mm, bevorzugt < 0,6 mm und insbesondere < 0,5 auf das Kernmaterial/Trägerkorn aufgetragen sind.
- Wertstoffgemische nach Ansprüchen 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei Raumtemperatur flüssige Anteile des Mehrkomponentengemisches im Kernmaterial/Trägerkorn und/oder in der Hüllsubstanz aufgenommen sind, wobei es bevorzugt sein kann, Niotensidverbindungen - insbesondere aus der Klasse der Fettalkohol-Ethoxylate - zum wenigstens überwiegenden Anteil dem Kernmaterial/Trägerkorn zuzusetzen.
- Wertstoffgemische nach Ansprüchen 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hüllsubstanz 1-schalig oder mehrschalig auf das Kernmaterial/Trägerkorn aufgetragen ist.
- Wertstoffgemische nach Ansprüchen 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Hüllsubstanz weitere Zusatzstoffe, zum Beispiel zur Beeinflussung der visuellen Erscheinungsform des Fertiggutes - beispielsweise Farbstoffe, Pigmente, Aufheller und dergleichen - zugesetzt worden sind.
- Wertstoffgemische nach Ansprüchen 1 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der bei Raumtemperatur feste Binder die einzelnen Feststoffkomponenten der Hüllsubstanz zum wenigstens überwiegenden Teil umhüllt und miteinander verbindet und dabei diese Bindung der Hüllsubstanz-Partikel aneinander bevorzugt so hinreichend stabil ausgestaltet ist, daß nennenswerter Abrieb von Feingut unter den Bedingungen von Transport, Lagerung und Anwendung des grobkörnigen Fertiggutes ausscheidet.
- Wertstoffgemische nach Ansprüchen 1 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hüllsubstanz unter Einsatz des Binders im Rahmen einer Naß-Agglomeration beziehungsweise -Granulation oder Schmelz-Agglomeration beziehungsweise - Granulation auf das Kernmaterial/Trägerkorn aufgebracht und dort verfestigt worden ist.
- Wertstoffgemische nach Ansprüchen 1 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Binder in Mengen von höchstens 20 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise nicht mehr als 10 Gew.-% vorliegt, wobei Bindergehalte im Bereich bis 5 Gew.-%, zum Beispiel 0,5 bis 4 Gew.-%, bevorzugt sein können - Gew.-% jeweils berechnet als Festsubstanz bezogen auf die Summe von Kernmaterial und Hüllsubstanz.
- Wertstoffgemische nach Ansprüchen 1 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Binder insbesondere filmbildende organische Komponenten mit Erweichungs- und/oder Schmelzpunkten nicht unterhalb 45°C, vorzugsweise von wenigstens 60°C und insbesondere von wenigstens 75°C, vorliegen, die auch mit Hilfsstoffen, wie Dispergiermitteln und/oder Lösungsvermittlern, abgemischt sein können.
- Wertstoffgemische nach Ansprüchen 1 bis 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Binder wasserlösliche und/oder wasserdispergierbare Oligomer- und/oder Polymerverbindungen synthetischen, halbsynthetischen und/oder natürlichen Ursprungs vorliegen.
- Wertstoffgemische nach Ansprüchen 1 bis 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Binder oder Bindergemische eingesetzt werden, die wenigstens anteilsweise Wert- und/oder Hilfsstoffe aus dem Bereich der Textilwaschmittel sind.
- Wertstoffgemische nach Ansprüchen 1 bis 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Außenhülle des kugeligen Gutes - gegebenenfalls unter Mitverwendung von feinteiligen Abpuderungshilfen - im Bereich der Raumtemperatur im wesentlichen klebfrei ausgebildet ist.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung der Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel nach Ansprüchen 1 bis 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man das Kernmaterial in Form eines vorgebildeten verdichteten Trägerkorns mit dem feinteiligen Gut der Hüllsubstanz in Gegenwart des Binders in fließfähiger Zubereitungsform umhüllend agglomeriert beziehungsweise granuliert und den Binder verfestigt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mit einer wäßrigen Zubereitung des Binders und nachfolgender Trocknung oder mit einer Schmelze des Binders und anschließender Kühlung des beschichteten Gutes gearbeitet wird, wobei letzteres bevorzugt ist.
- Verfahren nach Ansprüchen 23 und 24, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die fließfähige Zubereitung des Binders in das zu agglomerierende beziehungsweise zu granulierende Gut versprüht wird, wobei bevorzugt unter Mitverwendung eines Treibgases gearbeitet wird.
- Verfahren nach Ansprüchen 23 bis 25, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß beim Eintrag einer Binderschmelze mit Zuführung einer zusätzlichen Heißgasphase in das zu agglomerierende Gut zur Einstellung und Optimierung des Mikroklimas im Bereich der Festsstoffoberflächen gearbeitet wird, wobei bevorzugt die Temperatur dieser zusätzlichen Gasphase über der Temperatur des Feststoffgutes liegt.
- Verfahren nach Ansprüchen 23 bis 26, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei einer Schmelzagglomeration die Temperatur des Feststoffgutes maximal im Bereich von 45 bis 60°C und damit höchstens im Bereich der Schmelztemperatur des Binders gehalten wird, wobei es jedoch bevorzugt ist, mit Temperaturen des Feststoffgutes in der Schmelzagglomeration unterhalb der Schmelztemperatur des Binders zu arbeiten.
- Verfahren nach Ansprüchen 23 bis 27, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man als Kernmaterial ein Mehrkomponenten-Trägerkorn einsetzt, das durch Extrusion des Mehrkomponentengemisches unter Einwirkung erhöhter Drucke - vorzugsweise Drucke bis 200 bar und insbesondere im Bereich von 15 bis 150 bar - mit anschließender Granulierung und Verrundung des insbesondere strangförmigen Extrudates, oder durch haftfeste Verdichtung des im Ansatz feinteiligeren Mehrkomponentengemisches mittels Agglomeration/Granulation - gegebenenfalls unter Mitverwendung eines wasserlöslichen Binders - auf Trägerkorn-Größen von wenigstens 0,5 mm, vorzugsweise von wenigstens 0,6 mm und insbesondere gleich/größer 0,8 mm hergestellt worden ist.
- Anwendung des Verfahrens nach Ansprüchen 23 bis 28 zur Überführung pulverförmiger und/oder feinkörniger Mehrkomponentengemische aus dem Bereich der Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel (Einsatzmaterial), insbesondere in der Angebotsform handelsüblicher Textil-Schwerwaschmittel (Schüttdichten oberhalb 600 g/l und insbesondere oberhalb 700 g/l), in ein grobkörnig abriebfestes, von Staub- und Feinanteilen freies Gut mit insbesondere Perlenform.
- Anwendung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 29, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man im Einsatzmaterial gegebenenfalls vorliegendes grobkörniges Gut (Teilchengröße gleich/größer 0,5 mm, vorzugsweise gleich/größer 0,8 mm) als Kernmaterial einsetzt und mit dem feineren Gutanteil als Hüllsubstanz unter Mitverwendung eines Binders umhüllt und/oder einen hinreichenden Anteil des feinteiligen Gutes zum grobkörnigen Kernmaterial/Trägerkorn haftfest verdichtet und dann mit dem verbliebenen Rest des feinteiligen Gutes umhüllt.
- Anwendung des Verfahrens nach Ansprüchen 29 und 30, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei einer haftfesten Verdichtung feinteiligerer Gutanteile zum Kernmaterial/Trägerkorn ohne zusätzlichen Einsatz von Scherkräften gearbeitet wird, wobei die Verklebung des feinteiligen Materials mit einem auch in kaltem Wasser löslichen Binder unter möglichst weitgehendem Erhalt der jeweiligen Feinkornstruktur im verdichteten Kernmaterial bevorzugt ist.
- Anwendung des Verfahrens nach Ansprüchen 29 bis 31, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Einsatzmaterialien mit Gutanteilen im Größenbereich des Trägerkorns von wenigstens 45 bis 50 Gew.-% der Umwandlung zum kugelartig abgerundeten Gut in Perlenform unterworfen werden, wobei erforderlichenfalls entsprechende Mengenanteile eines feineren Einsatzmaterials zunächst zum haftfest verdichteten Trägerkorn aufgearbeitet werden.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19524287 | 1995-07-06 | ||
| DE19524287A DE19524287A1 (de) | 1995-07-06 | 1995-07-06 | Von Staub- und Feinanteilen freie granulare Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel hoher Schüttdichte |
| DE1995147457 DE19547457A1 (de) | 1995-12-19 | 1995-12-19 | Von Staub- und Feinanteilen freie granulare Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel hoher Schüttdichte |
| DE19547457 | 1995-12-19 | ||
| PCT/EP1996/002806 WO1997002339A1 (de) | 1995-07-06 | 1996-06-27 | Von staub- und feinanteilen freie granulare wasch- und reinigungsmittel hoher schüttdichte |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0836641A1 EP0836641A1 (de) | 1998-04-22 |
| EP0836641B1 true EP0836641B1 (de) | 1999-08-25 |
Family
ID=26016520
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP96923951A Expired - Lifetime EP0836641B1 (de) | 1995-07-06 | 1996-06-27 | Von staub- und feinanteilen freie granulare wasch- und reinigungsmittel hoher schüttdichte |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0836641B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE183773T1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE59602893D1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2137011T3 (de) |
| GR (1) | GR3031562T3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1997002339A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1752527A3 (de) * | 1998-09-25 | 2010-05-05 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Feste Reinigungsmittelzusammensetzungen |
| MX237446B (en) * | 1998-09-25 | 2006-06-02 | Procter & Gamble | Detergent compositions |
| US6673766B1 (en) | 1998-09-25 | 2004-01-06 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Solid detergent compositions containing mixtures of surfactant/builder particles |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3617756C2 (de) * | 1985-05-29 | 1995-01-19 | Lion Corp | Verfahren zum Herstellen einer granularen Detergentien-Zusammensetzung mit hoher Schüttdichte |
| JPS62228000A (ja) * | 1986-03-28 | 1987-10-06 | 花王株式会社 | 高密度粒状洗剤組成物 |
| GB8728959D0 (en) * | 1987-12-11 | 1988-01-27 | Unilever Plc | Soap based compositions |
| DE4435743C2 (de) * | 1994-02-17 | 1998-11-26 | Chemolux Sarl | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Mehrkomponenten-Granulates |
-
1996
- 1996-06-27 DE DE59602893T patent/DE59602893D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-27 ES ES96923951T patent/ES2137011T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-27 EP EP96923951A patent/EP0836641B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-27 AT AT96923951T patent/ATE183773T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-06-27 WO PCT/EP1996/002806 patent/WO1997002339A1/de not_active Ceased
-
1999
- 1999-10-18 GR GR990402656T patent/GR3031562T3/el unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0836641A1 (de) | 1998-04-22 |
| GR3031562T3 (en) | 2000-01-31 |
| ATE183773T1 (de) | 1999-09-15 |
| WO1997002339A1 (de) | 1997-01-23 |
| ES2137011T3 (es) | 1999-12-01 |
| DE59602893D1 (de) | 1999-09-30 |
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