EP0718814A1 - Procédé et dispositif de détection de flamme - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de détection de flamme Download PDF

Info

Publication number: EP0718814A1
Authority: EP; European Patent Office
Prior art keywords: frequency; periodic; flame; signals; value
Prior art date: 1994-12-19
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.): Granted

Application number

EP94120083A

Other languages

German (de)

English (en)

Other versions

EP0718814B1 (fr

Inventor

Dr. Marc Pierre Thuillard

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Siemens AG

Original Assignee

Cerberus AG

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

1994-12-19

Filing date

1994-12-19

Publication date

1996-06-26

Family has litigation

First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=8216544&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0718814(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

1994-12-19 Application filed by Cerberus AG filed Critical Cerberus AG

1994-12-19 Priority to EP94120083A priority Critical patent/EP0718814B1/fr

1994-12-19 Priority to DE59409799T priority patent/DE59409799D1/de

1994-12-19 Priority to AT94120083T priority patent/ATE203118T1/de

1995-11-13 Priority to AU37810/95A priority patent/AU703685B2/en

1995-12-05 Priority to CZ19953218A priority patent/CZ289921B6/cs

1995-12-19 Priority to CN95120895A priority patent/CN1099660C/zh

1995-12-19 Priority to US08/574,773 priority patent/US5594421A/en

1996-06-26 Publication of EP0718814A1 publication Critical patent/EP0718814A1/fr

2001-07-11 Publication of EP0718814B1 publication Critical patent/EP0718814B1/fr

2001-07-11 Application granted granted Critical

2014-12-19 Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Status Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Images

Classifications

- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
- G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
- G08B29/183—Single detectors using dual technologies
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/02—Mechanical actuation of the alarm, e.g. by the breaking of a wire

Definitions

the present invention relates to a method for detecting a flame by analyzing the change in intensity of the radiation emitted by the flame, signals lying outside a specific frequency band being evaluated as interference signals.
Methods of this type therefore use the typical flickering of the flames in a very low-frequency oscillation range as a feature for distinguishing between the radiation emitted by a flame and interference radiation.
the frequency band is determined by the sensor for the radiation emitted upstream or by a frequency-selective amplifier connected downstream of it, in both cases a specific pass band of, for example, 5 to 25 Hz is obtained. Even if the frequency band is optimally matched to the flickering of flames, faults and incorrect displays are relatively common because it happens again and again that random changes in the intensity of the ambient radiation lie in the pass band. Such changes in intensity can be caused, for example, by shadowing or reflections from vibrating or slowly moving objects, by reflections of sunlight on water surfaces or by flickering or fluctuating light sources.
US Pat. No. 3,739,365 describes a method of the type mentioned at the outset in which the susceptibility to stray light is improved by using two types of sensors with different spectral sensitivity and by forming the difference in the output signals of the sensors in a limited, low-frequency vibration range becomes.
the invention is now intended to provide a method of the type specified at the outset which enables clear and reliable identification and thus elimination of interference radiation and thus has a high level of security against false alarms, and which can also be used as universally as possible.
This object is achieved according to the invention in that the frequency of the radiation is analyzed and the center and limit frequency are determined and differentiated according to periodic and non-periodic signals, and in that periodic signals with a center frequency above a first and non-periodic signals with a limit frequency Above a second frequency value are evaluated as interference signals, the first frequency value being determined by the flickering frequency of a stationary flame with a size corresponding to the minimum size to be detected and the second frequency value being chosen to be greater than the first.
each flame can have two states, namely a steady state, which is usually present when the flame burns stable and undisturbed (so-called periodic flame), and a quasi-steady state, in to whom the flame burns unstably (so-called non-periodic flame), and that on the other hand a periodic flame has a frequency spectrum with a pronounced frequency peak and a non-periodic flame has a broadband spectrum with a maximum or limit frequency.
the invention further relates to a flame detector for carrying out said method, with at least one sensor for the radiation emitted by the flame, and with evaluation electronics connected downstream of the at least one sensor.
the flame detector according to the invention is characterized in that the evaluation electronics has means for analyzing the received radiation and its center and cut-off frequency and for linking the sensor signals to these frequencies.
a preferred embodiment of the flame detector according to the invention is characterized in that the said means are formed by a microprocessor and that this microprocessor contains a fuzzy controller.
the flickering frequency of a flame is, in a first approximation, only dependent on the flame diameter, whereby this relationship applies to a wide variety of fuels, such as all carbon-containing liquids, solids (PMMA) or helium, and has been experimentally confirmed for flame diameters from 1cm to 100m. If one determines the Fourier spectrum of flames, one obtains one of two typical spectra, either a spectrum with a pronounced, narrow tip or a broadband, "washed out" spectrum without a tip. These two types of spectra are shown in FIG. 1, the frequency ⁇ being plotted on the abscissa and the amplitude F ( ⁇ ) plotted on the ordinate.
the fully drawn spectrum with the pronounced peak has a center frequency ⁇ mp and an upper limit frequency ⁇ gp , where: ⁇ gp ⁇ ⁇ mp
⁇ gp ⁇ ⁇ mp A spectrum of this type is typical for an undisturbed and stable burning, so-called periodic flame, the center frequency ⁇ mp with a flame diameter of 10 cm being below 5 Hz and slowly decreasing with increasing diameter.
the broadband spectrum indicated by a dashed envelope also has a center frequency and a cutoff frequency, which are denoted by ⁇ mc and ⁇ gc .
Such a broadband spectrum is typical of a flame in an unstable or non-steady state; Such a flame is referred to below as non-periodic. As shown, the cutoff frequency ⁇ gc of the broadband spectrum is higher than the center frequency ⁇ mp of the periodic flame.
⁇ gc > ⁇ mp As studies of the Fourier spectra of a large number of flames have shown, the relationship also applies to the cut-off frequency ⁇ gc : ⁇ gc ⁇ 3 ⁇ mp
the occurrence of the cutoff frequency ⁇ gc in a non-periodic flame can be explained as follows: If a flame burns undisturbed and is in the steady state, then the convection cells forming this flame are also stationary in number and size, and the flame has a constant flickering frequency ⁇ 1 on, where ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ mp ⁇ ⁇ gp . If, however, the flame is exposed to external influences such as wind, the convection cells can divide or they can form aggregates of several cells, both processes being subject to a limit.
the minimum diameter of the fire or fire to be detected is first determined. If this is to be 10 cm, for example, then the frequency ⁇ mp ⁇ ⁇ gp of a periodic flame is below 5 Hz and the cut-off frequency ⁇ gc of the same size non-periodic flame will certainly not be above 15 Hz. Then two limit values G1 and G2 are set for periodic and for non-periodic interference signals; the limit value G1 for periodic interference signals preferably according to formula 2 with G1> ⁇ mp , that is at about 5 Hz, and the limit value G2 for non-periodic interference signals according to formula 3 with G2> 3 ⁇ mp for example at about 15 Hz.
the signal generated by the sensor of the detector is examined for its periodicity and periodically or non-periodically assigned to one of the two classes and compared with the relevant limit value G1 or G2 and evaluated as an interference signal when the limit value is exceeded.
the signal is examined for periodicity or non-periodicity, for example, by forming the difference between the cutoff frequency minus the center frequency and dividing this difference by the cutoff frequency. If the quotient is in the order of one, then it is a non-periodic signal; if it is clearly below one, then it is a periodic signal.
fuzzy logic This type of signal evaluation would guarantee extensive suppression of potential interference signals and thus a high level of security against false alarms. False alarm security and reliability can be further improved if the signal evaluation is carried out using fuzzy logic.
fuzzy logic The basics of fuzzy logic are assumed to be known (see, for example, the book "Fuzzy Set Theory and its Applications” by H.-J. Zimmermann, Kluver Academic Publishers, 1991 or European Patent Application 94113876.0 by Cerberus AG). It should only be remembered here that the central concept of fuzzy logic is fuzzy sets or fuzzy sets, with the membership of elements in a fuzzy set being defined by the so-called membership or membership function. While a sharp membership means zero membership and zero non-membership, In fuzzy sets, the values for the membership function are not only zero and one, but any values in between.
Each input variable which is one of the signals mentioned above, has at least one so-called membership function depicted as a matrix.
the x-scaling of this function has a correspondence in the respective signal, and the y-scaling corresponds to the truth content or the degree of approximation to the respective one Statement and can take any value from 0 to 1.
the determination of the frequencies ⁇ m and ⁇ g can be done with a fast Fourier transform (FFT) or with simpler and / or faster methods such as zero crossing (determination of the zero crossings) or determination of the distance between the peak or wavelet analysis or spectral analysis (see also M. Kunt: Traitement Numérique des Signaux, Presses Polytechniques Romandes).
FFT fast Fourier transform
simpler and / or faster methods such as zero crossing (determination of the zero crossings) or determination of the distance between the peak or wavelet analysis or spectral analysis
Flame detectors are known to detect the flame radiation of possible fire locations, this flame radiation, which is heat and therefore infrared radiation, reaches the detector through direct or indirect radiation.
the detectors usually contain two pyroelectric sensors that are sensitive to two different wavelengths.
the first sensor reacts to the infrared active flame gases in the characteristic CO2 spectral range from 4.1 to 4.7 ⁇ m, which are formed when carbonaceous materials burn up, and the second sensor measures the infrared energy in the wavelength range from 5 to 6 ⁇ m, which is artificially generated by interference sources such as sunlight Light or radiant heaters is emitted.
FIG. 3 shows a highly simplified block diagram of a flame detector according to the invention, which essentially consists of an infrared-sensitive sensor 1, an amplifier 2 and a microprocessor or microcontroller 3 containing an A / D converter.
the sensor 1 having an impedance converter is preceded by a filter 4, which is only permeable to radiation from the characteristic CO2 spectral range mentioned, preferably for a wavelength of 4.3 ⁇ m.
the radiation of this wavelength incident on the sensor 1 generates a corresponding voltage signal at the output of the sensor, which after amplification in the amplifier 2 reaches the microprocessor 3 and is evaluated there.
This microprocessor now defines the three variables square signal x i 2, center frequency ⁇ m and cut-off frequency ⁇ g and evaluates these variables, the signal evaluation being able to take place in the first way already mentioned or by means of fuzzy logic.
the microprocessor (microcontroller) 3 contains a fuzzy controller, which in a known manner has a rule base with the fuzzy rules specified further above and includes an inference engine.
the flame detector can also have more than one sensor, for example two sensors.
the flame detector described has the advantage that the examination of the periodicity of the flicker frequency and the determination of the center and cut-off frequency and their comparison with the two frequency values G1 and G2 provides a simple criterion for distinguishing between useful radiation and interference radiation.
the signal evaluation using fuzzy logic offers the additional advantage that relatively simple algorithms can be used, as a result of which the computation and storage effort remains within a modest framework.

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Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
Emergency Management (AREA)
Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
Control Of Combustion (AREA)
Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
Fire Alarms (AREA)
Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)

EP94120083A 1994-12-19 1994-12-19 Procédé et dispositif de détection de flamme Expired - Lifetime EP0718814B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
EP94120083A EP0718814B1 (fr)	1994-12-19	1994-12-19	Procédé et dispositif de détection de flamme
DE59409799T DE59409799D1 (de)	1994-12-19	1994-12-19	Verfahren und Anordnung zum Detektieren einer Flamme
AT94120083T ATE203118T1 (de)	1994-12-19	1994-12-19	Verfahren und anordnung zum detektieren einer flamme
AU37810/95A AU703685B2 (en)	1994-12-19	1995-11-13	Method of detecting a flame and flame detector for carrying out the method
CZ19953218A CZ289921B6 (cs)	1994-12-19	1995-12-05	Způsob detekce plamene, hlásič plamene a způsob provozu hlásiče plamene
CN95120895A CN1099660C (zh)	1994-12-19	1995-12-19	探测火焰的方法及实施该方法的火焰报警器
US08/574,773 US5594421A (en)	1994-12-19	1995-12-19	Method and detector for detecting a flame

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
EP94120083A EP0718814B1 (fr)	1994-12-19	1994-12-19	Procédé et dispositif de détection de flamme

Publications (2)

Publication Number	Publication Date
EP0718814A1 true EP0718814A1 (fr)	1996-06-26
EP0718814B1 EP0718814B1 (fr)	2001-07-11

Family

ID=8216544

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
EP94120083A Expired - Lifetime EP0718814B1 (fr)	1994-12-19	1994-12-19	Procédé et dispositif de détection de flamme

Country Status (7)

Country	Link
US (1)	US5594421A (fr)
EP (1)	EP0718814B1 (fr)
CN (1)	CN1099660C (fr)
AT (1)	ATE203118T1 (fr)
AU (1)	AU703685B2 (fr)
CZ (1)	CZ289921B6 (fr)
DE (1)	DE59409799D1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
EP0834845A1 (fr) *	1996-10-04	1998-04-08	Cerberus Ag	Procédé d'analyse en fréquence d'un signal

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US6515283B1 (en)	1996-03-01	2003-02-04	Fire Sentry Corporation	Fire detector with modulation index measurement
US6518574B1 (en)	1996-03-01	2003-02-11	Fire Sentry Corporation	Fire detector with multiple sensors
US6507023B1 (en) *	1996-07-31	2003-01-14	Fire Sentry Corporation	Fire detector with electronic frequency analysis
US5850182A (en) *	1997-01-07	1998-12-15	Detector Electronics Corporation	Dual wavelength fire detection method and apparatus
US5995008A (en) *	1997-05-07	1999-11-30	Detector Electronics Corporation	Fire detection method and apparatus using overlapping spectral bands
US6373393B1 (en) *	1998-06-02	2002-04-16	Hochiki Kabushiki Kaisha	Flame detection device and flame detection
DE19841475C1 (de) *	1998-09-10	2000-02-03	Electrowatt Tech Innovat Corp	Flammenüberwachungssystem und Verfahren zur Überwachung einer Flamme
US6879253B1 (en) *	2000-03-15	2005-04-12	Siemens Building Technologies Ag	Method for the processing of a signal from an alarm and alarms with means for carrying out said method
US6184792B1 (en)	2000-04-19	2001-02-06	George Privalov	Early fire detection method and apparatus
WO2005111556A2 (fr) *	2004-05-07	2005-11-24	Walter Kidde Portable Equipment, Inc.	Detecteur de flammes uv
JP2010249769A (ja) *	2009-04-20	2010-11-04	Oki Denki Bosai Kk	炎監視装置
US8260523B2 (en) *	2009-05-04	2012-09-04	General Electric Company	Method for detecting gas turbine engine flashback
US9251683B2 (en)	2011-09-16	2016-02-02	Honeywell International Inc.	Flame detector using a light guide for optical sensing
CN111141504B (zh) *	2019-12-25	2022-04-15	Oppo（重庆）智能科技有限公司	一种断火检测方法、装置及计算机可读存储介质
CN111123423B (zh) *	2020-03-27	2020-06-23	上海翼捷工业安全设备股份有限公司	火焰探测用双通道红外滤光片组合及其制备方法和应用

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US4709155A (en) *	1984-11-22	1987-11-24	Babcock-Hitachi Kabushiki Kaisha	Flame detector for use with a burner
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EP0484038A1 (fr) *	1990-10-31	1992-05-06	Honeywell Inc.	Détecteur de flamme avec une transformation Fourier discrète pour traiter d'échantillons d'amplitude d'un signal de flamme

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1994
- 1994-12-19 DE DE59409799T patent/DE59409799D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-12-19 AT AT94120083T patent/ATE203118T1/de active
- 1994-12-19 EP EP94120083A patent/EP0718814B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
1995
- 1995-11-13 AU AU37810/95A patent/AU703685B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-12-05 CZ CZ19953218A patent/CZ289921B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-12-19 US US08/574,773 patent/US5594421A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-19 CN CN95120895A patent/CN1099660C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime

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US4709155A (en) *	1984-11-22	1987-11-24	Babcock-Hitachi Kabushiki Kaisha	Flame detector for use with a burner
FR2577059A1 (fr) *	1985-02-04	1986-08-08	Hochiki Co	Detecteur de flammes
JPS63151827A (ja) *	1986-12-17	1988-06-24	Hochiki Corp	火災判断装置
US4866420A (en) *	1988-04-26	1989-09-12	Systron Donner Corp.	Method of detecting a fire of open uncontrolled flames
EP0419668A1 (fr) *	1989-01-25	1991-04-03	Nohmi Bosai Kabushiki Kaisha	Systeme d'alarme contre les incendies
EP0484038A1 (fr) *	1990-10-31	1992-05-06	Honeywell Inc.	Détecteur de flamme avec une transformation Fourier discrète pour traiter d'échantillons d'amplitude d'un signal de flamme

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
EP0834845A1 (fr) *	1996-10-04	1998-04-08	Cerberus Ag	Procédé d'analyse en fréquence d'un signal
WO1998015931A1 (fr) *	1996-10-04	1998-04-16	Cerberus Ag	Procede d'analyse du signal d'un avertisseur de danger, et avertisseur de danger pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
US6011464A (en) *	1996-10-04	2000-01-04	Cerberus Ag	Method for analyzing the signals of a danger alarm system and danger alarm system for implementing said method

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
EP0718814B1 (fr)	2001-07-11
AU3781095A (en)	1996-06-27
ATE203118T1 (de)	2001-07-15
CN1132889A (zh)	1996-10-09
AU703685B2 (en)	1999-04-01
US5594421A (en)	1997-01-14
CN1099660C (zh)	2003-01-22
CZ289921B6 (cs)	2002-04-17
DE59409799D1 (de)	2001-08-16
CZ321895A3 (en)	1996-07-17

Publication	Publication Date	Title
EP0718814B1 (fr)	2001-07-11	Procédé et dispositif de détection de flamme
DE69634450T2 (de)	2006-01-12	Multi-Signatur-Brandmelder
DE60309044T2 (de)	2007-05-31	Schätzen von verbrennungsemissionen mit einem flammenüberwachungssystem
DE2737089C2 (de)	1983-07-28	Temperaturstrahlungsdetektor zur Flammenüberwachung
DE19934171B4 (de)	2011-04-21	Filtersystem und -verfahren
DE2836895C2 (de)	1985-05-23	Schaltungsanordnung zur Überwachung einer Gasfackel
DE19629275A1 (de)	1997-04-03	Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Unterscheidung verschiedener Arten eines Feuers
DE2736417C2 (de)	1983-12-01	Temperaturstrahlungsdetektor zur Flammenüberwachung
DE2915884A1 (de)	1979-11-22	Flammendetektor
EP0338218B1 (fr)	1993-09-15	Méthode de détection précoce d'incendie
DE3536038A1 (de)	1986-04-24	Verfahren und vorrichtung zum entdecken von feuer und explosionen
DE4200946A1 (de)	1992-08-13	Verfahren zur feuerfeststellung
DE69327558T2 (de)	2000-05-31	Feuer-Detektierungsverfahren
EP2603907A2 (fr)	2013-06-19	Évaluation de signaux de lumière diffusée dans le cas d'un avertisseur optique de danger, et émission d'un avertissement de présence de poussière /vapeur ou d'une alarme incendie
EP1134712A1 (fr)	2001-09-19	Méthode de traitement du signal dans un détecteur d'alarme, et détecteur avec des moyens d'implémentation de ladite méthode
EP1630758A2 (fr)	2006-03-01	Capteur de fumée à lumière disperse
DE3240559C2 (de)	1985-03-28	Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Messung der Masse von Aerosolteilchen in gasförmigen Proben sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
EP0865646B1 (fr)	2002-03-13	Procede d'analyse du signal d'un avertisseur de danger, et avertisseur de danger pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
DE112020002849T5 (de)	2022-03-03	Optischer Partikelsensor
DE2924605C2 (de)	1984-06-07	Verfahren zur optischen Unterscheidung von Prüfobjekten
DE4002829C2 (de)	1998-08-27	Verfahren zum Detektieren von Metallgegenständen
EP0660282B1 (fr)	2000-08-09	Système pour la détection de débuts d'incendies
EP0421100B1 (fr)	1993-10-27	Procédé et dispositif pour reconnaître des conditions dangereuses dans une pièce
DE19941917C2 (de)	2001-09-27	Verfahren zur Überwachung und Regelung von Feuerungsanlagen
DE3123279A1 (de)	1982-12-30	Verfahren zur frueherkennung eines brandes sowie brandmelder

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