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EP1630758A2 - Capteur de fumée à lumière disperse - Google Patents

Capteur de fumée à lumière disperse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1630758A2
EP1630758A2 EP04023740A EP04023740A EP1630758A2 EP 1630758 A2 EP1630758 A2 EP 1630758A2 EP 04023740 A EP04023740 A EP 04023740A EP 04023740 A EP04023740 A EP 04023740A EP 1630758 A2 EP1630758 A2 EP 1630758A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
scattered light
detector according
smoke detector
signals
signal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04023740A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1630758A3 (fr
EP1630758B1 (fr
Inventor
August Dr. Kaelin
Dani Dr. Lippuner
Giuseppe Dr. Marbach
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from EP04020577A external-priority patent/EP1630759B1/fr
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP04023740A priority Critical patent/EP1630758B1/fr
Priority to AU2005291248A priority patent/AU2005291248A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2005/055076 priority patent/WO2006037804A1/fr
Priority to MX2007004102A priority patent/MX2007004102A/es
Priority to KR1020077009287A priority patent/KR20070058647A/ko
Priority to BRPI0516553-9A priority patent/BRPI0516553A/pt
Priority to CA002583731A priority patent/CA2583731A1/fr
Priority to US11/664,874 priority patent/US7777634B2/en
Priority to CNA2005800340892A priority patent/CN101036173A/zh
Priority to RU2007116951/09A priority patent/RU2007116951A/ru
Publication of EP1630758A2 publication Critical patent/EP1630758A2/fr
Publication of EP1630758A3 publication Critical patent/EP1630758A3/fr
Publication of EP1630758B1 publication Critical patent/EP1630758B1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G08B17/107—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
    • G08B29/20—Calibration, including self-calibrating arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
    • G08B29/20—Calibration, including self-calibrating arrangements
    • G08B29/24—Self-calibration, e.g. compensating for environmental drift or ageing of components
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113—Constructional details

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a scattered light smoke detector with an opto-electronic device for measuring stray signals at a forward and a backward scattering angle, and with an evaluation for obtaining a measured value from the stray signals and the comparison of an alarm value derived therefrom with an alarm threshold.
  • the use of the difference of the stray signals or smoke signals for the formation of the measured value instead of a weighting of the measured value as a function of the ratio of the stray signals has the advantage that much less computer effort is needed and thus a short response time of the detector is ensured.
  • the difference of the scattered signals as well as their quotient allows the recognition of the type of smoke.
  • a first preferred embodiment of the scattered-light smoke detector according to the invention is characterized in that the measured value is formed by a linear combination of the sum of the scattered signals or smoke signals with the difference of the scattered signals or smoke signals.
  • a second preferred embodiment of the scattered-light smoke detector according to the invention is characterized in that said linear combination takes place according to the formula [k 1 (BW + FW) + k 2 (BW-FW)], in which k 1 and k 2 are two among others are constants influenced by an application factor dependent on the environmental conditions at the intended installation location of the detector.
  • k 1 and k 2 are two among others are constants influenced by an application factor dependent on the environmental conditions at the intended installation location of the detector.
  • 0 ⁇ k 1 . k 2 ⁇ 5 preferably 0 ⁇ k 1 . k 2 ⁇ 3.
  • a third preferred embodiment is characterized in that the measured value is formed from the amount of the difference of the scattering signals or smoke signals.
  • the measured value is processed with an application factor dependent on the environmental conditions at the intended installation location of the detector.
  • the application factor can be selected on an application-specific basis, preferably as a function of a set of parameters of the detector corresponding to the requirements of the customer.
  • a fourth preferred embodiment of the stray-light smoke detector according to the invention is characterized in that the measured value is processed in two paths, that the type of the relevant fire is determined in the first path and a corresponding control signal is formed, and in the second path a processing of said measured value and its comparison with an alarm threshold, and that the processing of the measurement value in the second path is controlled by the control signal formed in the first path.
  • a fifth preferred embodiment of the inventive scattered light smoke detector is characterized in that when determining the type of the fire in question, a distinction is made according to smoldering fire and open fire and possibly other types of fire.
  • a sixth preferred embodiment is characterized in that the processing of the measured value in the second path comprises a limitation of the measured value in a level hereinafter referred to as slope controller, wherein a limitation of the measured value to a certain level or its gain by addition of an additional signal.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the scattered-light smoke detector according to the invention is characterized in that the slope controller both prevents a rapid increase in the measured value due to signal peaks and accentuates slow signal increases in the case of smoldering fires.
  • the slope controller is that in the first path controlled control signal controlled.
  • a slow smoke signal is obtained by very slowly filtering the measured value.
  • the smoke detector 1 shown in Fig. 1, hereinafter referred to as a detector contains two sensor systems, an electro-optical system with two infrared emitting light sources (IRED) 2 and 3 and a receiving diode 4 and a thermal sensor system with two by NTC resistors formed temperature sensors 5 and 6 for measuring the temperature in the vicinity of the detector 1. Between the light sources 2, 3 and the receiving diode 4, a measuring chamber 7 is formed.
  • the two sensor systems are arranged in a rotationally symmetrical housing (not shown), which is fastened in a base mounted on the ceiling of a room to be monitored.
  • the temperature sensors 5 and 6 are radially opposed to each other, which has the advantage that they have different responses to air flowing in from a certain direction, so that the directional dependence of the response is reduced.
  • the arrangement of the two light sources 2 and 3 is selected so that the optical axis of the receiving diode 4 with the optical axis of a light source, according to the light source 2, a dull and with the optical axis of the other light source, according to the light source 3, an acute Angle includes.
  • the light of the light sources 2 and 3 is scattered by smoke entering the measuring chamber 7 and a part of this scattered light is incident on the receiving diode 4, wherein at an obtuse angle between the optical axes of light source and receiving diode of forward scattering and at an acute angle between the said optical axes of backward scattering speaks.
  • the mechanical structure of the detector 1 is not subject of the present patent application will therefore not be described in detail here; Reference is made in this connection to EP-A-1 376 505 and to the references cited in this application.
  • diodes 2 and 3 which emit radiation in the wavelength range of visible light can be used as light sources (see EP-A-0 926 646), or else the light sources can emit radiation of different wavelengths, for example one light source red or infrared and the other blue light. It is also possible to use ultraviolet light.
  • the detector 1 makes a measurement every 2 seconds, whereby the forward and backward scattered light signals are generated sequentially.
  • the signals of the receiving diode which are hereinafter referred to as sensor signals, are freed in a filter 8 of the grossest disturbances of a defined frequency range and then go into an ASIC 9, which essentially has an amplifier 10 and an A / D converter 11.
  • the digitized sensor signals, SB (backscatter signal) and SF (forward scatter signal), referred to hereinafter as scattered light signals enter a microcontroller 12, which contains a sensor control software 13 for the digital processing of the scattered signals.
  • the preprocessing of the signals T 1 and T 2 in the temperature preprocessing 15 is required because there is a difference between the measured and the actual temperature, which is determined by the thermal mass of the NTC resistors 5 and 6 and the detector housing, among other things NTC resistors in the detector 1 and due to influences of the detector and its environment is caused, leading to a delay.
  • the measured temperature is compared with a reference value and then calculated back to the actual temperature using a model. This actual temperature is linearized and limited in its rise, so that at the output of the temperature preprocessing 15, a temperature signal T is available, which is supplied to the smoke preprocessing 14 among others.
  • a temperature compensation in which a correction factor is obtained from the temperature signal T, with which the scattering signals SB, SF are multiplied. If it If the detector 1 is a purely optical detector without temperature sensors 5 and 6, then a single temperature sensor is provided in the detector, which supplies a temperature signal.
  • the temperature signal T also passes into a designated with the reference numeral 16 stage temperature difference and designated by the reference numeral 17 stage maximum temperature.
  • the maximum temperature stage 17 it is analyzed whether the maximum of the temperature signal T exceeds an alarm value of, for example, 80 ° C (60 ° C in some countries).
  • the temperature difference stage 16 it is examined how quickly the temperature signal T increases.
  • the output of stage 16 is connected to an input of stage 17, at whose output a temperature value T 'is available, which is used for further signal processing.
  • the pre-processed in stage 14 scatter signals arrive in a median filter 19, which selects the median value from a plurality, preferably from five, successive values of the sensor signals.
  • the median filter 19 also contains a so-called time shifter, which selects from the five sensor signals mentioned in the order of the middle, ie the third value. Then, the difference is formed from these two values, which is proportional to the variations of the leakage signals and allows estimation of the standard deviation of the leakage signals. This in turn allows the calculation of disturbances.
  • the output signals of the median filter 19, hereinafter referred to as smoke signals BW and FW, pass into an extraction stage for obtaining a smoke value S designated by the reference numeral 20.
  • the reference character BW denotes the backward smoke signal and the reference symbol FW the forward smoke signal.
  • the extraction stage 20 is carried out by a very slow filtering a background compensation, are compensated in the substantially dust-related disorders.
  • the sum of the smoke signals (BW + FW) and the difference of the smoke signals (BW-FW) are formed and multiplied by one application factor each.
  • the terms thus formed are then linearly linked, for example according to the formula k 1 ( B W + F W ) + k 2 ( B W - F W ) . in which k 1 and k 2 denote the named application factors.
  • Each detector 1 has a set of suitable parameters adapted to the environment of its installation location and to the wishes of the customer, this is the so-called parameter set.
  • the two application factors k 1 and k 2 0 ⁇ k 1 . k 2 ⁇ 5, preferably 0 ⁇ k 1 . k 2 ⁇ 3.
  • the application factor is between greater than zero and two.
  • the speed of the signal processing can be quadrupled to obtain a higher sensitive parameter set.
  • the monotonicity is determined by selecting certain pairs (V n ) and (V n-5 ) from a number of, for example, 20 values of the sensor signal, for example the first (V 1 ) and the sixth (V 6 ), the sixth ( V 6 ), and the eleventh (V 11 ) value, and so on, forming the differences (V n -V n-5 ).
  • a difference V n -V n-5 > 0 corresponds to a monotonous increase of the sensor signal and this is an indication of fire.
  • the measured value S is supplied from the output 1 of the extraction stage 20 on the one hand to the already mentioned evaluation stage 21 and on the other hand to a level designated by slope regulator 22 for regulating the signal form.
  • the fire type the so-called disturbance criterion, the so-called monotony criterion and the importance of the temperature are determined.
  • the determination of the fire type is based on the difference (BW-FW) or the linear combination (BW + FW) + (BW-FW), with possible types of smoldering fire, open fire or transient fire being considered. Under a transient fire understands the transition from the smoldering fire to the open fire, which is detected when the fire is ignited.
  • the larger scattering angle could be selected over 90 °.
  • the interferences calculated from the standard deviation (median filter 19) are compared with a threshold value.
  • the monotonicity of the sensor signal calculated in the derived analysis in the extraction stage 20 is compared with a threshold value.
  • the determination of the importance of the temperature is carried out by comparing the increase ⁇ T of the temperature signals T 1 , T 2 with a threshold value; ⁇ T> 20 ° means fire.
  • the output of the evaluation stage 21 is fed to an event controller 23 which on the one hand controls the slope controller 22 and on the other hand the maximum temperature 17.
  • the system decides whether and, if so, how the signal processing should be changed. Such a change is made in the slope controller 22, which is an intelligent limiter of the rise / fall of the sensor signal and also determines the symmetry and gradient of the sensor signal.
  • Two signals are available at the output of the slope regulator 22, on the one hand a smoke value S 'obtained by the processing just described and, on the other hand, a slow smoke signal S + obtained by a very slow filtering.
  • the smoke value S ' is used for further processing and supplied, inter alia, to a bypass adder 25, to which also the slow smoke signal S + is supplied.
  • the smoke value S ' is limited to a value dependent on the respective parameter set, to which the slow smoke signal S + is then added in the bypass adder 25, the rise of the slow smoke signal S + depends on the respective parameter set and is lower for a robust parameter set than for one sensitive parameter set.
  • the bypass adder 25 thus serves to avoid a too rapid alarm in the case of a robust parameter set with a rapidly rising smoke value S ', and to support the alarm triggering in the case of a sensitive parameter set with a slowly rising smoke value S'.
  • a danger level detection 29 following the danger signal composition 28 the signal of the danger signal composition 26 is assigned to individual danger levels and in a hazard level verification 28 it is checked whether the relevant danger level is exceeded for a certain time, for example 20 seconds , If this is the case, an alarm is triggered.
  • the dashed connections from the event controller 23 to the maximum temperature 17, to the slope controller 22, to the multiplication 27 and to the danger level verification 30 symbolize control lines.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
EP04023740A 2004-08-31 2004-10-06 Capteur de fumée à lumière disperse Expired - Lifetime EP1630758B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04023740A EP1630758B1 (fr) 2004-08-31 2004-10-06 Capteur de fumée à lumière disperse
CA002583731A CA2583731A1 (fr) 2004-10-06 2005-10-06 Detecteur de fumee a ecran diffusant
CNA2005800340892A CN101036173A (zh) 2004-10-06 2005-10-06 散射光型烟雾检测器
MX2007004102A MX2007004102A (es) 2004-10-06 2005-10-06 Detector de humo con dispersion de luz.
KR1020077009287A KR20070058647A (ko) 2004-10-06 2005-10-06 산란광 연기 검출기
BRPI0516553-9A BRPI0516553A (pt) 2004-10-06 2005-10-06 detector de fumaça de luz dispersa
AU2005291248A AU2005291248A1 (en) 2004-10-06 2005-10-06 Scattered light smoke detector
US11/664,874 US7777634B2 (en) 2004-10-06 2005-10-06 Scattered light smoke detector
PCT/EP2005/055076 WO2006037804A1 (fr) 2004-10-06 2005-10-06 Detecteur de fumee a ecran diffusant
RU2007116951/09A RU2007116951A (ru) 2004-10-06 2005-10-06 Сигнализатор дыма с использованием рассеяного света

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04020577A EP1630759B1 (fr) 2004-08-31 2004-08-31 Détecteur de fumée à rayonnement dispersé
EP04023740A EP1630758B1 (fr) 2004-08-31 2004-10-06 Capteur de fumée à lumière disperse

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1630758A2 true EP1630758A2 (fr) 2006-03-01
EP1630758A3 EP1630758A3 (fr) 2006-03-08
EP1630758B1 EP1630758B1 (fr) 2008-01-02

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04023740A Expired - Lifetime EP1630758B1 (fr) 2004-08-31 2004-10-06 Capteur de fumée à lumière disperse

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US7777634B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1630758B1 (fr)
KR (1) KR20070058647A (fr)
CN (1) CN101036173A (fr)
AU (1) AU2005291248A1 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0516553A (fr)
CA (1) CA2583731A1 (fr)
MX (1) MX2007004102A (fr)
RU (1) RU2007116951A (fr)
WO (1) WO2006037804A1 (fr)

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EP1884904A1 (fr) * 2006-07-26 2008-02-06 Siemens Schweiz AG Détermination du type de danger au moyen d au moins deux signaux
US7777634B2 (en) 2004-10-06 2010-08-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Scattered light smoke detector
DE102010015467A1 (de) * 2010-04-16 2011-10-20 Winrich Hoseit Brandmelder zur Überwachung eines Raumes
WO2014059959A1 (fr) 2012-10-15 2014-04-24 Telesystems Thorwarth Gmbh Système de surveillance et de détection précoce d'incendie pour plusieurs récipients et/ou boîtiers à risque d'incendie et/ou d'explosion
EP4332936A1 (fr) * 2022-08-08 2024-03-06 Carrier Corporation Algorithme d'alarme de fumée à angles multiples et à onde unique

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US20170191876A1 (en) * 2015-12-31 2017-07-06 Google Inc. Systems and methods for using a power characteristic of an optoelectronic component of a hazard detection system to determine a temperature of an environment
US20170191877A1 (en) * 2015-12-31 2017-07-06 Google Inc. Systems and methods for using a power characteristic of an optoelectronic component of a hazard detection system to determine a smoke condition of an environment
CN115691032A (zh) * 2016-03-31 2023-02-03 西门子瑞士有限公司 光学烟感探测器及其方法
WO2017218763A1 (fr) 2016-06-15 2017-12-21 Carrier Corporation Méthodologie de détection de fumée
RU168853U1 (ru) * 2016-08-22 2017-02-21 федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Санкт-Петербургский национальный исследовательский университет информационных технологий, механики и оптики" (Университет ИТМО) Датчик дыма
EP3287999A1 (fr) * 2016-08-25 2018-02-28 Siemens Schweiz AG Procede de detection d'incendie selon le principe de diffusion de la lumiere avec connexion echelonnee d'une autre unite a del pour emettre d'autres impulsions de lumiere de differentes longueurs d'onde et angle de diffusion de lumiere et un tel detecteur de fumee a ecran diffusant
US11127270B2 (en) 2016-11-11 2021-09-21 Carrier Corporation High sensitivity fiber optic based detection
EP3321905B1 (fr) 2016-11-11 2022-10-12 Kidde Technologies, Inc. Détection à base de fibres optiques à haute sensibilité
US11145177B2 (en) 2016-11-11 2021-10-12 Carrier Corporation High sensitivity fiber optic based detection
CA3043587A1 (fr) * 2016-11-11 2018-05-17 Carrier Corporation Detection reposant sur des fibres optiques a haute sensibilite
EP3539105B1 (fr) 2016-11-11 2024-09-11 Carrier Corporation Détection à base de fibres optiques à haute sensibilité
JP7142235B2 (ja) * 2018-03-26 2022-09-27 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 煙感知システム、煙感知方法、及びプログラム
CN109712367A (zh) * 2019-02-20 2019-05-03 北大青鸟环宇消防设备股份有限公司 烟雾探测器及烟雾探测方法
CN110136390A (zh) * 2019-05-28 2019-08-16 赛特威尔电子股份有限公司 一种烟雾检测方法、装置、烟雾报警器及存储介质
CN112384784B (zh) * 2020-09-25 2024-04-16 香港应用科技研究院有限公司 基于多波长散射的使用多维度指标监测的烟雾检测系统和方法
CN112330918A (zh) * 2020-11-25 2021-02-05 中国民用航空飞行学院 飞机货舱光电感烟探测器及其探测方法
US11761875B2 (en) * 2021-06-01 2023-09-19 Honeywell International Inc. Adjusting for air flow temperature changes in an aspirating smoke detector
CN116879120B (zh) * 2023-09-06 2025-08-26 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 烟雾检测装置
CN120333552B (zh) * 2025-06-20 2025-08-29 北京尚优力达科技有限公司 基于多模态传感器的灭火系统及多级联动控制方法

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EP1630758B1 (fr) 2004-08-31 2008-01-02 Siemens Schweiz AG Capteur de fumée à lumière disperse

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7777634B2 (en) 2004-10-06 2010-08-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Scattered light smoke detector
EP1884904A1 (fr) * 2006-07-26 2008-02-06 Siemens Schweiz AG Détermination du type de danger au moyen d au moins deux signaux
DE102010015467A1 (de) * 2010-04-16 2011-10-20 Winrich Hoseit Brandmelder zur Überwachung eines Raumes
DE102010015467B4 (de) * 2010-04-16 2012-09-27 Winrich Hoseit Brandmelder zur Überwachung eines Raumes
WO2014059959A1 (fr) 2012-10-15 2014-04-24 Telesystems Thorwarth Gmbh Système de surveillance et de détection précoce d'incendie pour plusieurs récipients et/ou boîtiers à risque d'incendie et/ou d'explosion
DE102012020127A1 (de) 2012-10-15 2014-04-30 Telesystems Thorwarth Gmbh Anordnung zur Überwachung und Brandfrühsterkennung für mehrere brand- und/oder explosionsgefährdete Gefäße und/oder Gehäuse
EP4332936A1 (fr) * 2022-08-08 2024-03-06 Carrier Corporation Algorithme d'alarme de fumée à angles multiples et à onde unique

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MX2007004102A (es) 2007-06-15
AU2005291248A1 (en) 2006-04-13
EP1630758A3 (fr) 2006-03-08
EP1630758B1 (fr) 2008-01-02
US20090009347A1 (en) 2009-01-08
CA2583731A1 (fr) 2006-04-13
CN101036173A (zh) 2007-09-12
RU2007116951A (ru) 2008-11-20
KR20070058647A (ko) 2007-06-08
WO2006037804A1 (fr) 2006-04-13
US7777634B2 (en) 2010-08-17
BRPI0516553A (pt) 2008-09-09

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