EP0799211A1 - 2-carbamoyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrazines - Google Patents
2-carbamoyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrazinesInfo
- Publication number
- EP0799211A1 EP0799211A1 EP95929045A EP95929045A EP0799211A1 EP 0799211 A1 EP0799211 A1 EP 0799211A1 EP 95929045 A EP95929045 A EP 95929045A EP 95929045 A EP95929045 A EP 95929045A EP 0799211 A1 EP0799211 A1 EP 0799211A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- carbamoyl
- acid
- group
- formula
- tetrahydropyrazine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- CAKBVDDQOXLRMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrazine-5-carboxamide Chemical class NC(=O)C1=CNCCN1 CAKBVDDQOXLRMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000004209 (C1-C8) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000007848 Bronsted acid Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- -1 2-carbamoyl-piperazine-1,4-diyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- BRYCUMKDWMEGMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperazine-2-carboxamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1CNCCN1 BRYCUMKDWMEGMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004030 hiv protease inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WEQQZURGFDMELU-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-tert-butyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrazine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C1=CNCCN1 WEQQZURGFDMELU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- SDSYPFSYBZEEAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrazine-5-carbonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CNCCN1 SDSYPFSYBZEEAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940122440 HIV protease inhibitor Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-[3-(1-cyclopropylpyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one Chemical class C1(CC1)N1N=CC(=C1)C1=NNC2=C1N=C(N=C2)N1C2C(N(CC1CC2)C)=O HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FKLJPTJMIBLJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Compound IV Chemical compound O1N=C(C)C=C1CCCCCCCOC1=CC=C(C=2OCCN=2)C=C1 FKLJPTJMIBLJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- KUDAREFNYKSLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrazine-2-carbonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1CNC=CN1 KUDAREFNYKSLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000041 C6-C10 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 9
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- IYMIEXJLDFHJQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrazine-2-carboxamide Chemical class NC(=O)C1CNC=CN1 IYMIEXJLDFHJQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000002815 homogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940066771 systemic antihistamines piperazine derivative Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009904 heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009905 homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- NUBQKPWHXMGDLP-BDEHJDMKSA-N indinavir sulfate Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.C([C@H](N(CC1)C[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@H]2C3=CC=CC=C3C[C@H]2O)C(=O)NC(C)(C)C)N1CC1=CC=CN=C1 NUBQKPWHXMGDLP-BDEHJDMKSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- 150000004885 piperazines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- LVEYOSJUKRVCCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)CCCP(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 LVEYOSJUKRVCCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KZMGYPLQYOPHEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron trifluoride etherate Chemical compound FB(F)F.CCOCC KZMGYPLQYOPHEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DRSHXJFUUPIBHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N COc1ccc(cc1)N1N=CC2C=NC(Nc3cc(OC)c(OC)c(OCCCN4CCN(C)CC4)c3)=NC12 Chemical compound COc1ccc(cc1)N1N=CC2C=NC(Nc3cc(OC)c(OC)c(OCCCN4CCN(C)CC4)c3)=NC12 DRSHXJFUUPIBHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- MUALRAIOVNYAIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N binap Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C(=C2C=CC=CC2=CC=1)C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MUALRAIOVNYAIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron tribromide Chemical compound BrB(Br)Br ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- NIPZZXUFJPQHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CN=CC=N1 NIPZZXUFJPQHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YWWDBCBWQNCYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylphosphine Chemical compound CP(C)C YWWDBCBWQNCYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc bromide Chemical compound Br[Zn]Br VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UAYWVJHJZHQCIE-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc iodide Chemical compound I[Zn]I UAYWVJHJZHQCIE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- MIOPJNTWMNEORI-GMSGAONNSA-N (S)-camphorsulfonic acid Chemical compound C1C[C@@]2(CS(O)(=O)=O)C(=O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C MIOPJNTWMNEORI-GMSGAONNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQJVXNHMUWQQEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrazine Chemical group C1CNC=CN1 OQJVXNHMUWQQEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMFRFTSSEHRKKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(diisopropylphosphino)ethane Chemical compound CC(C)P(C(C)C)CCP(C(C)C)C(C)C RMFRFTSSEHRKKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QFMZQPDHXULLKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)CCP(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 QFMZQPDHXULLKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MIOCUERTSIJEDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-diethylphosphanylethyl(diethyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCP(CC)CCP(CC)CC MIOCUERTSIJEDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJLREDNCIGVZJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dipropylphosphanylethyl(dipropyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCP(CCC)CCP(CCC)CCC XJLREDNCIGVZJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IZUOFDKRBUHNPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropane hydrochloride Chemical compound CC(C)C.Cl IZUOFDKRBUHNPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-azaniumyl-2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound NCC(O)C(O)=O BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1N1CCN(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)CC1 VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910015900 BF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMXTVXXDYZNNIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(CP)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(CP)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMXTVXXDYZNNIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWFDFERKPLOZGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N CP(CP)(C)(C)C Chemical compound CP(CP)(C)(C)C UWFDFERKPLOZGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010016183 Human immunodeficiency virus 1 p16 protease Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007868 Raney catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000564 Raney nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001168730 Simo Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910021627 Tin(IV) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GCTFWCDSFPMHHS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Tributyltin chloride Chemical compound CCCC[Sn](Cl)(CCCC)CCCC GCTFWCDSFPMHHS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VCHDBLPQYJAQSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [5-(diphenylphosphanylmethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methyl-diphenylphosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)CC1OC(C)(C)OC1CP(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 VCHDBLPQYJAQSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVZGQWKTUCVPBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;trifluoroborane Chemical compound CC(O)=O.FB(F)F LVZGQWKTUCVPBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKIOKAURTKXMSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N adams's catalyst Chemical compound O=[Pt]=O YKIOKAURTKXMSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical class O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MLIYPCQSOXNTLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide;ruthenium dihydride;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [RuH2].[O+]#[C-].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MLIYPCQSOXNTLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- FWXAUDSWDBGCMN-ZEQRLZLVSA-N chiraphos Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P([C@@H](C)[C@H](C)P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 FWXAUDSWDBGCMN-ZEQRLZLVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- PMSVVUSIPKHUMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanopyrazine Chemical compound N#CC1=CN=CC=N1 PMSVVUSIPKHUMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PBKSAWGZZXKEBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopenta-1,3-diene;4-cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-ylphenol;iron(2+) Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C1=CC(O)=CC=C1[C-]1C=CC=C1 PBKSAWGZZXKEBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHQXDNILONPNNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl(2-dibutylphosphanylethyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCP(CCCC)CCP(CCCC)CCCC KHQXDNILONPNNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOUYBUIVMHNXQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclohexyl(2-dicyclohexylphosphanylethyl)phosphane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1P(C1CCCCC1)CCP(C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 BOUYBUIVMHNXQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MKYNHKOAYQRSBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxouranium;nitric acid Chemical compound O=[U]=O.O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O MKYNHKOAYQRSBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940042399 direct acting antivirals protease inhibitors Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MWVXFEZPEPOQRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ditert-butyl(2-ditert-butylphosphanylethyl)phosphane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)P(C(C)(C)C)CCP(C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C MWVXFEZPEPOQRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NLFBCYMMUAKCPC-KQQUZDAGSA-N ethyl (e)-3-[3-amino-2-cyano-1-[(e)-3-ethoxy-3-oxoprop-1-enyl]sulfanyl-3-oxoprop-1-enyl]sulfanylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)\C=C\SC(=C(C#N)C(N)=O)S\C=C\C(=O)OCC NLFBCYMMUAKCPC-KQQUZDAGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001640 fractional crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHNGQRQJGDUZPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl(diphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(CCCCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 WHNGQRQJGDUZPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000887 hydrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- WGJJZRVGLPOKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-K lanthanum(3+);trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [La+3].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F WGJJZRVGLPOKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IWYDHOAUDWTVEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N mandelic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IWYDHOAUDWTVEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001819 mass spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- JBXYCUKPDAAYAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol;trifluoroborane Chemical compound OC.FB(F)F JBXYCUKPDAAYAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006053 organic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000137 peptide hydrolase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- IYDGMDWEHDFVQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;trioxotungsten Chemical compound O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O IYDGMDWEHDFVQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004193 piperazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000137 polyphosphoric acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005049 silicon tetrachloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005931 tert-butyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(OC(*)=O)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003509 tertiary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JMXKSZRRTHPKDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium ethoxide Chemical compound [Ti+4].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-] JMXKSZRRTHPKDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- YHHVXVNXTMIXOL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tributyl(iodo)stannane Chemical compound CCCC[Sn](I)(CCCC)CCCC YHHVXVNXTMIXOL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FVRKTAOFDKFAMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M tributylstannanylium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[Sn+](CCCC)CCCC FVRKTAOFDKFAMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroborane Chemical compound ClB(Cl)Cl FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHWBYAACHDUFAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclopentylphosphane Chemical compound C1CCCC1P(C1CCCC1)C1CCCC1 DHWBYAACHDUFAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MOSFSEPBWRXKJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecylphosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCP MOSFSEPBWRXKJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AHZJKOKFZJYCLG-UHFFFAOYSA-K trifluoromethanesulfonate;ytterbium(3+) Chemical compound [Yb+3].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F AHZJKOKFZJYCLG-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylmethane Natural products CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCTAHLRCZMOTKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylphosphane Chemical compound CCCP(CCC)CCC KCTAHLRCZMOTKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COIOYMYWGDAQPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methylphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)C1=CC=CC=C1C COIOYMYWGDAQPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003021 water soluble solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940102001 zinc bromide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr](Cl)(Cl)Cl DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D241/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings
- C07D241/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D241/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having one or two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/36—Radicals substituted by singly-bound nitrogen atoms
- C07D213/38—Radicals substituted by singly-bound nitrogen atoms having only hydrogen or hydrocarbon radicals attached to the substituent nitrogen atom
Definitions
- the present invention relates to 2-carbamoyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrazine of the general formula I.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are identical or different and in each case represent a straight-chain or branched C 1 to C 8 alkyl group, a C 5 to C 6 cycloalkyl group, a C 6 to C 7 methylene cycloalkyl group, a C 6 - to C 10 aryl group or a C 7 - to C 12 aralkyl group or in which the radicals R 1 and R 2 are connected to one another and together with the exocyclic, non-carbonylic carbon atom C 1 a 5- form to 6-membered, cycloaliphatic ring and R 3 has the abovementioned meaning or in which R 3 represents hydrogen and R 1 and R 2 are identical or different and have the abovementioned meaning, a process for their preparation and their use.
- EP-A 541 168 describes a number of different ones
- HIV-1 protease inhibitors whose structure is characterized by a piperazine-2-carbamoyl group.
- a particularly preferred HIV protease inhibitor is, inter alia, the compound of the formula VI
- the piperazin-2-tert. contains -butyl-carboxamide group as a structural component.
- the HIV protease inhibitor VI an anti-AIDS drug, is also known as the active ingredient "L-735,524". Its synthesis is described in EP-A 541 168 and by Askin et al, Tetrahedron Lett. 35, 673 (1994).
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are identical or different and in each case represent a straight-chain or branched C 1 to C 8 alkyl group, a C 5 to C 6 cycloalkyl group, a C 6 to C 7 methylene cycloalkyl group, a C 6 - to C 10 aryl group or a C 7 - to C 12 aralkyl group or in which the radicals R 1 and R 2 are connected to one another and together with the exocyclic, non-carbonylic carbon atom C 1 a 5- form to 6-membered, cycloaliphatic ring and R 3 has the abovementioned meaning or in which R 3 represents hydrogen and R 1 and R 2 are identical or different and have the abovementioned meaning.
- R 5 hydrogen is a straight-chain or branched C 1 - to C 7 -alkyl, C 5 - bis
- C 6 cycloalkyl group a C 6 to C 10 aryl or a C 7 to C 12 aralkyl group and Z is one of the Brönsted mentioned and / or Lewis-acidic conditions means removable leaving group.
- the radicals R 1 , R 2 and R 3 which may be the same or different, represent straight-chain or branched C 1 -C 8 -alkyl groups, for example the methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, Isopropyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl, isobutyl, n-pentyl, or the 2-ethylhexyl group, particularly preferably for the methyl group, or for the methylene-cyclopentyl group or the methylene-cyclohexyl group, or for C 5 - to
- C 6 -cycloalkyl groups such as the cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl group, or for C 6 - to Cio-aryl groups, such as the phenyl or naphthyl group, preferably the phenyl group, or for C 7 - to
- C 12 aralkyl groups preferably the benzyl group.
- radicals R 1 and R 2 can also be linked to one another and, together with the exocyclic, non-carbonylic carbon atom C 1, form a 5- to 6-membered cycloaliphatic ring, for example a cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl ring.
- the radical R 3 can also be different from R 1 and R 2 and stand for hydrogen, where R 1 and R 2 can have the meaning given above.
- a particularly preferred compound is 2-tert-butylaminocarbonyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrazine of the formula II
- the radicals R 1 , R 2 and R 3 have , of course, the meaning given above for the explanation of the compounds according to general formula I.
- the group Z stands for a leaving group which can be split off under Bronsted and / or Lewis acidic conditions, the splitting off of which forms the intermediate carbocation under the reaction conditions specified here in situ in the reaction mixture, which immediately forms with the starting compound II to form the compounds of the invention in general Formula I reacts.
- the leaving groups Z are, for example, the hydroxyl group OH, ether groups OR 4 or ester groups as well as halogen atoms, such as chlorine, bromine or iodine atoms. While the oxygen-containing leaving groups are preferably split off using Bronsted acids or mixtures of Bronsted and Lewis acids, a Lewis acid or the mixture of one is preferably used to split off the halogen atoms
- R 4 of the leaving groups Z can in principle be chosen as desired, since they generally have no particular significance for the ability to split off the group Z.
- R 4 for a straight-chain or branched C 1 - to C 20 -, preferably a C 1 - to C 8 -alkyl group, a C 3 - to C 8 -, preferably a C 5 - to C 6 -cycloalkyl group, a C 6 to C 10 aryl group, preferably the phenyl group or a C 7 to C 12 aralkyl group, preferably the benzyl group.
- the radicals R 4 can be chosen as desired, since they generally have no particular significance for the ability to split off the group Z.
- R 4 for a straight-chain or branched C 1 - to C 20 -, preferably a C 1 - to C 8 -alkyl group, a C 3 - to C 8 -, preferably a C 5 - to C 6 -cycloalkyl group,
- Preferred compounds IV are, for example, tertiary alcohols, tertiary ethers, such as methyl tert-butyl ether, or trimethyl methane halides, such as trimethyl methane chloride. Tert-butanol is particularly preferably used as compound IV.
- the compounds of general formula V H are, for example, tertiary alcohols, tertiary ethers, such as methyl tert-butyl ether, or trimethyl methane halides, such as trimethyl methane chloride.
- Tert-butanol is particularly preferably used as compound IV.
- R5 R 2 can be used in the process according to the invention, the under
- the radicals R 1 and R 2 can be identical or different and have the meanings given above for R 1 and R 2 .
- the radical R 5 can be hydrogen, a straight-chain or branched C 1 to C 7 alkyl group, a C 5 to C 6 cycloalkyl group, a C 6 to C 10 aryl group or a C 7 to C 11 aralkyl group stand.
- a particularly preferred compound V is isobutene.
- the Bronsted or Lewis acid or the mixture of Bronsted and Lewis acid is expediently used with respect to the cyanopyrazine III in excess, for example in a single to five-fold molar excess, preferably in an approximately three-fold molar excess. It is also possible to use higher molar excesses of these acids with respect to III without disadvantage. For example, it is possible to use the Bronsted acids as solvents in the process according to the invention, so that these acids are present in a 10 to 100-fold molar excess with respect to compound III.
- the order of addition of the compounds III, IV or V to the reaction mixture is generally not critical and can be chosen as desired.
- the Bronsted or Lewis acids can be placed in the reactor or in addition to those placed in the reactor
- Reactants III, IV and V are dosed.
- Brönsted acids which are preferably used are those which have a pKa value of less than or equal to 4.
- the pKs value is a measure of the acid level and for example in HR Christians, Fundamentals of general and inorganic chemistry, 7th edition, pp. 357-365, Otto Salle Verlag, Frankfurt 1982 or in
- Suitable Bronsted acids are, for example, hydrohalic acids, such as hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, heteropolyacids, such as dodecamolybdatophosphoric acid (H 3 PMO 12 O 40 .nH 2 O), dodecamolybdatosilicic acid
- Halogen carboxylic acids such as formic acid, trifluoroacetic acid or trichloroacetic acid, sulfonic acids, such as methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid, tetrafluoroboric acid or perchloric acid.
- sulfonic acids such as methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid, tetrafluoroboric acid or perchloric acid.
- These Bronsted acids can also advantageously be used in a mixture with other Bronsted acids, including weaker Bronsted acids, that is to say those with a pKa value of greater than 4.
- Mixtures of sulfuric acid and acetic acid are very suitable for the process according to the invention.
- the Bronsted acids can be used undiluted, dissolved or in a mixture with a solvent which is inert under the reaction conditions, for example an ether such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dibutyl ether or dimethoxyethane, a halogenated hydrocarbon, for example carbon tetrachloride, or an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon, for example benzene become.
- a solvent which is inert under the reaction conditions
- a solvent which is inert under the reaction conditions
- a solvent which is inert under the reaction conditions
- a solvent which is inert under the reaction conditions for example an ether such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dibutyl ether or dimethoxyethane, a halogenated hydrocarbon, for example carbon tetrachloride, or an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon, for example benzene become.
- heterogeneous Bronsted acids such as acidic ion exchange resins such as sulfonated styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers, sulfonated polystyrene, Nafion ® resins, sulfonated carbon or zeolites, such as pentasils, such as ZSM-5 or ZSM-10 zeolites, Mordenites, ⁇ -zeolites or Y-zeolites, acidic aluminum phosphates, or zirconium dioxide impregnated with sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or heteropolyacids can be used as heterogeneous Bronsted acids.
- acidic ion exchange resins such as sulfonated styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers, sulfonated polystyrene, Nafion ® resins, sulfonated carbon or zeolites, such as pentasils, such as ZSM-5 or Z
- Lewis acids commonly used for carrying out organic reactions can be used in the process according to the invention, for example aluminum chloride, titanium halides such as titanium tetrachloride, zirconium halides such as zirconium tetrachloride, tin (IV) chloride, organotin halides such as tributyltin chloride , tributyltin bromide, tributyltin iodide, titanium (IV) alkoxides, such as Titantetramethanolat, titanium tetraethoxide or titanium tetraisopropoxide, zinc halides such as zinc chloride, zinc bromide or zinc iodide, silicon halides such as silicon tetrachloride, boron halides, and the addition complex with alcohols or ethers, such as boron trifluoride, boron trifluoride diethyl etherate,
- the Lewis acids can be used undiluted, dissolved or mixed with one of the solvents previously mentioned in connection with the use of Bronsted acids or in a mixture with one or more Bronsted acids.
- weaker Bronsted acids such as acetic acid or higher carboxylic acids, can advantageously also be used, for example boron trifluoride-acetic acid mixtures.
- the process according to the invention is advantageously carried out under essentially anhydrous conditions.
- the yield of I decreases with increasing water content of the reaction mixture.
- a water content of the reaction mixture of 3% by weight, based on the entire reaction mixture, no disadvantageous consequences for the process result have yet been found.
- Bronsted acids which have a strong tendency to attach water molecules to the acid molecule, such as sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid, higher ones can also be used
- Water contents of the reaction mixture can be tolerated without disadvantages, since the water of the reaction mixture is removed by hydrating the acid.
- commercially available concentrated sulfuric or phosphoric acid can be used in the process according to the invention.
- the process according to the invention is generally carried out at temperatures from -70 to + 130 ° C., preferably at -20 to + 30 ° C., in particular at 0 to + 5 ° C., under atmospheric pressure or elevated pressure, preferably under the autogenous pressure of the reaction system.
- the process according to the invention can be carried out batchwise, e.g. in stirred tanks, or continuously, e.g. in stirred tank cascades or tubular reactors.
- the reaction mixture is advantageously worked up by hydrolysis with water, ice or ice water at temperatures between -20 ° C. and 40 ° C.
- Any base can be used to neutralize the excess acid.
- Organic bases which are water-soluble or partially water-soluble are advantageous, for example lower aliphatic amines, pyridine, piperidine or inorganic bases such as ammonia, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and others.
- aqueous Al is particularly preferred Potash hydroxide solutions in concentrations from 0.5 to 40%, at temperatures below 5 ° C.
- the product of value I can be isolated by the customary techniques such as sedimentation, filtration, centrifugation or phase separation, in particular by extraction with solvents which are immiscible with water at least in the presence of salts or, to a limited extent, are water-soluble. Continuous extraction with solvents which are immiscible with water, such as methyl tert-butyl ether or ethyl acetate, is particularly preferred. However, any other limited water-soluble solvent in which the product of value I has sufficient solubility can also be used.
- the product of value I can be purified by recrystallization from organic solvents, water or mixtures of water and / or organic solvents or by distillation.
- the 2-carbamoyl-tetrahydropyrazines according to the invention of the general formula I, in particular 2-tert-butylaminocarbonyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrazine of the formula II, have the advantage that they can be obtained in a simple manner from inexpensive starting materials. Furthermore, by using the
- the piperazine derivatives of the general formula VII are consequently accessible starting from inexpensive and readily available starting materials in a total of only 3 synthesis steps, the preparation of the 2-cyano-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrazine of the formula III being included in the payment .
- the catalytic hydrogenation of the 2-carbamoyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrazine I to the 2-carbamoyl-piperazine derivatives of the formula VII can be carried out in a conventional manner using heterogeneous or homogeneous hydrogenation catalysts.
- all hydrogenation catalysts which are suitable for the hydrogenation of CC double bonds can be used as heterogeneous hydrogenation catalysts.
- Commercial hydrogenation catalysts which contain at least one element from group VIIIB of the Periodic Table of the Elements, such as platinum, rhodium or palladium supported catalysts or Raney nickel, in particular rhodium-on-activated carbon, rhodium-on-aluminum oxide, are preferably used.
- Sulfonic acid for example malic acid, almond acid or camphorsulfonic acid
- the corresponding diastereomeric salts of these acids are obtained in situ with the racemate of the 2-carbamoyl-piperazine derivatives VII obtained, which are subsequently e.g. by fractional crystallization and cleavage of the acid from ⁇ en salts isolated in the corresponding enantiomeric 2-CarDamoyl-piperazine derivatives VII can be separated.
- Supported catalysts suitable for 2-carbamoyl-tetrahydropyrazine generally contain 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 8% by weight, based on the total weight of the catalyst, of the platinum metal concerned and, if they are not commercially available, be produced in a conventional manner by impregnating the carrier material in question with a platinum metal compound.
- catalysts which contain an element from Group VIIIB of the Periodic Table of the Elements and in which this element is complexed with identical or different ligands, preferably carboxyl and / or phosphine ligands, can likewise be used as homogeneous hydrogenation catalysts.
- ligands preferably carboxyl and / or phosphine ligands
- Rh (PPh 3 ) 3 Ci Rh (PPh 3 ) 3 Ci, HRuCl (PPh 3 ) 3 , HRuCl (CO) (hexyldiphenylphosphine) 3 , RuH 2 (CO) (PPh 3 ) 3 or RuH 2 (PPh 3 ) 3 , where the abbreviation PPh 3 is tripnenylphosphine means.
- an ⁇ ere phosphine ligands can be used instead of triphenyl phosphine, such as trimethylphosphine, Triethylpnosphin, tripropylphosphine, Trusopropylphosphin, Tributylpnosphin, Trioctylpnosphin, Tridecylphosphin, tricyclopentylphosphine, Tricyciohexylphosphin, tritolylphosphine, Cyclohexyldipnenylphosphin, Tetraphenyldiphosphinomethan, 1,2-bis (diphenylphosphino) ethane, Tetramethyldiphosphinomethan, Tetraethyldipnosphinomethane, 1,3-bis (diphenylphosphino) propane, 1,4-bis (diphenylpnosphino) butane, tetra-t-butyldiphospninomethane, 1,2-bis (dimethylp
- alkyl or arylphosphine ligands can be prepared by methods which are conventional per se, for example according to the methods described in
- racemate of the 2-carbamoyl-piperazine VII in question is also formed in the hydrogenation, which in the manner described e.g. can be split into its enantiomers by means of optically active carboxylic or sulfonic acids.
- 2-Carbamoyl-tetrahydropyrazine I also optically active, homogeneous hydrogenation catalysts are used, which enable the enantioselective hydrogenation of the compounds I to the corresponding 2-carbamoyl-piperazines VII desired configuration.
- Palladium- or platinum-containing homogeneous catalysts with optically active phosphine ligands are available which are used to carry out the enantioselective hydrogenation of the C-C double bond of the
- Compounds I are suitable, for example optically active rhodium, ruthenium, palladium or platinum complexes with the chiral phosphine ligands, 4, 5-bis (diphenylphosphinomethyl) -2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane (DIOP) , 2,2'-bis (diphenylphosphino) -1,1'-binaphthyl (BINAP) or bis (diphenyiphosphino) butane (CHIRAPHOS).
- DIOP 5-bis (diphenylphosphinomethyl) -2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane
- BINAP 2,2'-bis (diphenylphosphino) -1,1'-binaphthyl
- CHIRAPHOS bis (diphenyiphosphino) butane
- the homogeneous catalysts are generally used in an amount of 0.0001 to 0.1 mol catalyst / mol I with respect to the 2-carbamoyl-tetrahydropyrazine I to be hydrogenated. Of course, smaller or larger amounts of the homogeneous catalyst can also be used, which leads to an increase or decrease in the hydrogenation time.
- the hydrogenation of the CC double bond of the compounds I can be carried out continuously or batchwise. If heterogeneous hydrogenation catalysts are used, the hydrogenation can be carried out, for example, in a batch mode Stirred kettle by means of a suspension in the reaction medium
- Hydrogenation catalyst or in a loop reactor in which the hydrogenation catalyst can be present in suspended form or preferably in a fixed bed arrangement In the continuous mode of operation, the hydrogenation can e.g. Stirred tank cascades, loop reactors or tubular reactors can be carried out, the heterogeneous catalyst also being in suspended form or, if loop or tubular reactors are used, in a fixed bed arrangement. If a fixed bed arrangement of the heterogeneous catalyst is used, the hydrogenation can be carried out either in the bottom or in the trickle mode.
- the hydrogenation of the C-C double bond of the 2-carbamoyl-tetrahydropyrazine I by means of homogeneous catalysts can be carried out batchwise or continuously in stirred tanks or tubular reactors.
- Compounds VII can advantageously in the presence of a solvent which is inert under the hydrogenation conditions used, for example water, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, ethers such as diethyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran or dioxane or alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol or butanol , be performed.
- the hydrogenation conditions are chosen so that only the CC double bond in the 2-carbamoyl-tetrahydropyrazines I is hydrogenated and there are no side reactions. In general, the hydrogenation is carried out at from 0 to 200.degree. C., preferably from 10 to 100.degree.
- the 2-carbamoyl-piperazines can be isolated from the hydrogenation by conventional work-up methods such as crystallization or distillation.
- the 2-carbamoyl-piperazines VII thus obtained can then be prepared in a manner known per se, for example as in EP-A 541 168 or in Tetrahedron Lett. 35, 673 (1994), for the synthesis of the HIV protease inhibitors according to EP-A 541 168, in particular for the synthesis of the active ingredient L-735,524 of the formula VI. example 1
- the reaction discharge was slowly poured onto a mixture of 600 g of ice and 100 g of 50% strength by weight aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and stirred for a further 2.5 hours.
- the resulting aqueous phase was extracted overnight with 300 g of methyl tert-butyl ether. After the methyl tert-butyl ether phase had cooled to 5 ° C., the product was obtained as a yellow salt. After filtering off under nitrogen and drying in vacuo, 6.9 g of crystalline product were obtained.
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Abstract
La présente invention concerne des 2-carbamoyl-1,4,5,6-tétrahydropyrazines ayant la formule générale (I), dans laquelle R<1>, R<2> et R<3> sont identiques ou différents et représentent chacun un groupe alcoyle C1 à C8 à chaîne droite ou ramifiée, un groupe cycloalcoyle C5 ou C6, un groupe méthylène-cycloalcoyle C6 ou C7, un groupe aryle C6 à C10 ou un groupe aralcoyle C7 à C12, ou dans laquelle les radicaux R<1> et R<2> sont reliés entre eux et, avec l'atome de carbone C<1> exocyclique, non carbonyle, forment un anneau cycloaliphatique à 5 ou 6 éléments, et R<3> a la signification indiquée ci-dessus, ou dans laquelle R<3> est l'hydrogène et R<1> et R<2> sont identiques ou non et ont la signification indiquée ci-dessus. L'invention concerne aussi un procédé de fabrication de ces composés et leur utilisation.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4446025 | 1994-12-22 | ||
| DE4446025A DE4446025A1 (de) | 1994-12-22 | 1994-12-22 | 2-Caroxamido-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrazine |
| PCT/EP1995/003063 WO1996019460A1 (fr) | 1994-12-22 | 1995-08-01 | 2-carbamoyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrazines |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0799211A1 true EP0799211A1 (fr) | 1997-10-08 |
Family
ID=6536749
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP95929045A Withdrawn EP0799211A1 (fr) | 1994-12-22 | 1995-08-01 | 2-carbamoyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrazines |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0799211A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JPH10510818A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN1170408A (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE4446025A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1996019460A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0805803B1 (fr) * | 1995-01-23 | 2002-10-30 | Lonza AG | Procede pour la production d'amides d'acide 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrazine-2-carboxylique |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2195027C (fr) * | 1991-11-08 | 2000-01-11 | Joseph P. Vacca | Inhibiteurs de la protease du vih utiles pour le traitement du sida |
| WO1995002584A2 (fr) * | 1993-07-16 | 1995-01-26 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Procede de fabrication d'inhibiteurs de la protease de vih |
| US5734055A (en) * | 1993-11-22 | 1998-03-31 | Koei Chemical Co. Ltd. | Process for preparing N-tert-butyl-2-pyrazinecarboxamide and N-tert-butyl-2-piperazinecarboxamide |
-
1994
- 1994-12-22 DE DE4446025A patent/DE4446025A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1995
- 1995-08-01 EP EP95929045A patent/EP0799211A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-08-01 CN CN95196942A patent/CN1170408A/zh active Pending
- 1995-08-01 WO PCT/EP1995/003063 patent/WO1996019460A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1995-08-01 JP JP8519444A patent/JPH10510818A/ja active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO9619460A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE4446025A1 (de) | 1996-06-27 |
| CN1170408A (zh) | 1998-01-14 |
| WO1996019460A1 (fr) | 1996-06-27 |
| JPH10510818A (ja) | 1998-10-20 |
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