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EP0743665A2 - Disjoncteur - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0743665A2
EP0743665A2 EP96810265A EP96810265A EP0743665A2 EP 0743665 A2 EP0743665 A2 EP 0743665A2 EP 96810265 A EP96810265 A EP 96810265A EP 96810265 A EP96810265 A EP 96810265A EP 0743665 A2 EP0743665 A2 EP 0743665A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit breaker
erosion
contact
arc
breaker according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96810265A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0743665B1 (fr
EP0743665A3 (fr
Inventor
Lutz Dr. Niemeyer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
Original Assignee
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Research Ltd Switzerland filed Critical ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
Publication of EP0743665A2 publication Critical patent/EP0743665A2/fr
Publication of EP0743665A3 publication Critical patent/EP0743665A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0743665B1 publication Critical patent/EP0743665B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H73/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches in which excess current opens the contacts by automatic release of mechanical energy stored by previous operation of a hand reset mechanism
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/7015—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/18—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/72—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid having stationary parts for directing the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid, e.g. arc-extinguishing chamber
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/98—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being initiated by an auxiliary arc or a section of the arc, without any moving parts for producing or increasing the flow
    • H01H33/982—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being initiated by an auxiliary arc or a section of the arc, without any moving parts for producing or increasing the flow in which the pressure-generating arc is rotated by a magnetic field

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a circuit breaker according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Circuit breakers filled with a gaseous insulating and extinguishing medium preferably sulfur hexafluoride
  • a gaseous insulating and extinguishing medium preferably sulfur hexafluoride
  • the power current path has at least one fixed and one movable contact.
  • the quenching chamber can be designed as a single-blown or double-blown chamber.
  • the quenching chamber can be designed as a self-blown chamber, in which the energy of the arc itself generates the blowing pressure required for quenching the same, which is stored in a blowing volume until a promising blowing of the arc is possible.
  • a particularly rapid build-up of pressure in the blowing volume is achieved if the arc is set in rotation by one of the known measures. In the known circuit breakers, a comparatively large contact erosion occurs.
  • a quenching chamber arrangement with double inflation which has two fixed, spaced, tubular contacts.
  • the distance between the two contacts is bridged in an electrically conductive manner by means of a movable contact basket.
  • the contact basket slides down from one of the contacts and draws an arc.
  • This arc commutates when the contact cage continues to move from the contact cage to the second of the fixed contacts, so that the arc now burns between the two fixed contacts.
  • the arc is blown there with pressurized insulating gas, the pressure being able to be generated, for example, by a piston-cylinder arrangement or by the arc energy itself.
  • the invention solves the problem of creating a circuit breaker in which the contact wear is reduced with simple means.
  • the advantages achieved by the invention are essentially to be seen in the fact that the arc burns in an annular gap, so that elongation thereof is avoided with great certainty, with the result that the arc energy is limited to controllable values.
  • the volume and the dimensions of the arcing chamber can thus advantageously be small are kept, so that an advantageously space-saving and inexpensive circuit breaker is created.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first, greatly simplified partial section through a first embodiment of a circuit breaker according to the invention.
  • This circuit breaker has a quenching chamber 1 filled with an insulating medium, for example sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 gas).
  • the quenching chamber 1 has a longitudinal axis 2, around which the quenching chamber contacts are arranged centrally symmetrically.
  • a fixed contact arrangement 3 made of an electrically conductive metal is rigidly connected to a centrally arranged, made of an insulating material, cylindrical guide part 4.
  • Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has proven to be particularly suitable for the production of the guide part 4.
  • the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) can be adapted to the respective operating requirements of the circuit breaker using fillers.
  • the guide part 4 is made from particularly erosion-resistant PTFE. However, it is possible to produce the guide part 4 from other insulating materials, which can also be filled.
  • the guide part 4 extends to a contact arrangement 5 and is partially enclosed by the extinguishing chamber 1 when the latter is switched on.
  • the fixed contact arrangement 3 is provided with an annularly formed erosion contact 6 arranged concentrically with the guide part 4.
  • the side of the erosion contact 6 facing the contact arrangement 5 is provided with an annular cover 7 made of an erosion-resistant, electrically conductive material, preferably graphite.
  • the contact arrangement 5 has an inner contact basket 8, which an outer erosion contact 9 surrounds concentrically.
  • the inner contact basket 8 is actuated in the axial direction by a drive, not shown.
  • the outer erosion contact 9 is fixed.
  • the inner contact basket 8 and the erosion contact 9 are electrical Conductively connected to each other, they always have the same electrical potential.
  • the side of the fixed erosion contact 9 facing the fixed contact arrangement 3 is provided with an annular cover 10 made of an erosion-resistant, electrically conductive material, preferably graphite.
  • the inner contact basket 8 consists of individual contact fingers that run parallel to one another. The contact fingers each have a burn-off-resistant cap 11 made of electrically conductive material at the tip. Tungsten copper is preferably used for this cap 11.
  • the caps 11 rest with their contact surface 11a on a cylindrical contact surface 3a of the fixed contact arrangement 3 and make electrical contact with this contact surface 3a.
  • the contact surface 3a can be reinforced on the side facing the guide part 4 by means of an erosion ring 3b made of erosion-resistant, electrically conductive material.
  • the current path for the alternating current flowing through the closed arcing chamber 1 leads, if comparatively small nominal currents are to be carried, from the fixed contact arrangement 3 into the caps 11, through the contact basket 8 and further through the part of the contact arrangement 5 which is not shown.
  • a separate nominal current path is arranged parallel to the current path described, as a rule outside and concentrically to this.
  • the current path described above is enclosed by a housing 12 made of an insulating material.
  • Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has proven to be particularly suitable for producing the housing 12. With the help of fillers, the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) can meet the respective operating requirements of the circuit breaker be adjusted.
  • the housing 12 can also be made of another electrically insulating plastic and then provided with an appropriate lining made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) on the inside. If comparatively high alternating currents are to be interrupted, the housing 12 is made from particularly erosion-resistant PTFE. However, it is possible to manufacture the housing 12 from other insulating materials, which can also be filled.
  • the housing 12 has a shoulder 13 pointing in the direction of the longitudinal axis 2, which extends in the direction of the longitudinal axis 2. It can also be advantageous to produce this shoulder 13 from a particularly erosion-resistant insulating material, the shoulder 13 being made erosion-resistant, for example, by targeted doping during the manufacture of the housing.
  • the shoulder 13 can, for example, also be produced as a separate ring made of particularly erosion-resistant insulating material, which is then cast into the housing 12. The paragraph 13 protrudes into the space between the two erosion contacts 6 and 9. When the quenching chamber 1 is closed, the inner surface 14 of the shoulder 13 reaches comparatively close to the outer surface 8a of the contact basket 8, but does not touch it.
  • the shoulder 13 does not completely fill the space between the two erosion contacts 6 and 9; between the one flank 13a of the shoulder 13 and the cover 7 there remains an annular space 15 which merges into an annular channel 16.
  • the channel 16 opens into a blow volume, not shown, which is arranged concentrically to the longitudinal axis 2. Between the other flank 13b of the shoulder 13 and the cover 10 there remains a space 17, which is also annular and merges into an annular channel 18.
  • the channel 18 leads down here and opens into an exhaust volume, not shown.
  • the contact basket 8 encloses the guide part 4.
  • FIG. 2 shows the extinguishing chamber 1 shown in FIG. 1 in a first intermediate position shortly after the start of the switch-off process.
  • An arrow 20 indicates the direction of movement of the contact basket 8 when it is switched off.
  • the erosion contact 9 provided with the cover 10 does not move in this direction.
  • the contact surface 11a of the cap 11 of the contact fingers of the contact basket 8 has already slid from the contact surface 3a onto the erosion ring 3b and then onto the surface of the guide part 4 of insulating material which is flush with it, with a small arc between the edge of the erosion ring facing the guide part 4 3b and the cap 11 has arisen. However, this arc burns only briefly on this edge of the erosion ring 3b.
  • the one arc base commutates from the edge of the erosion ring 3b to the erosion-resistant cover 7 of the erosion contact 6.
  • An arc 21 now burns between this cover 7 and the front edge of the cap 11.
  • This arc 21 heats the gas in its vicinity , in room 15, and brings it to a higher pressure level.
  • the pressurized gas then flows, as indicated by the arrows 22, through the channel 16 into the blow volume, not shown, where it is stored.
  • the arc 21 cannot attack the contact surface 11a of the cap 11 in this region of the switch-off movement, since this contact surface 11a rests on the surface of the guide part 4, thereby protecting it.
  • the current carrying capacity of the contact surface 11a of the cap 11 is therefore fully retained.
  • FIG. 3 shows the extinguishing chamber 1 shown in FIG. 1 in the switched-off position.
  • the contact basket 8 has moved so far in the direction of the arrow 20 that the covers 7 of the contact fingers of the contact basket 8 now lie within the fixed erosion contact 9 provided with the cover 10, so that the lower base point of the arc 21 from the Cap 11 is commutated on the cover 10 of the erosion contact 9.
  • the arc 21 now burns in the annular gap 23 formed between the surface 14 of the shoulder 13 and the surface of the guide part 4 between the cover 7 and the cover 10, so that the contact surface 11a of the cap 11 also reliably protects against harmful direct effects in this area of the switching-off movement of the arc 21 is protected.
  • the contact basket 8 is dielectrically shielded in this position by the fixed erosion contact 9.
  • the annular space 17 is now also heated by the arc 21, and the pressurized gas generated there flows, as indicated by an arrow 24, through the duct 18 into an exhaust volume, not shown, below.
  • a particularly favorable erosion behavior results when the arc 21 rotates.
  • an axial magnetic field acting on the arc 21 is necessary.
  • This magnetic field can be generated in a known manner by suitably arranged magnet coils or by corresponding permanent magnets.
  • a permanent magnet 27 is arranged inside the guide part 4 concentrically to the annular gap 23, which generates this magnetic field acting on the arc 21, so that the arc 21 rotates in the annular gap 23 about the longitudinal axis 2.
  • the space 15 is closed towards the bottom by the paragraph 13 and the caps 11.
  • the arc 21 heats the gas in the room 15.
  • the heated gas which is now at a higher pressure level, flows, as indicated by the arrows 22, through the channel 16 into the blowing volume, where it is stored until it is required for the quenching of the arc 21.
  • the space 15 has no further in this position of the contact basket 8 noteworthy discharge cross-sections, so that practically all of the pressurized gas flows into the blowing volume, this ensures that effective pressure generation can take place immediately after the contact has been separated.
  • the arc 21 is extinguished when the arc 21, as shown in FIG. 3, burns between the covers 7 and 10 in the annular gap 23.
  • the arc 21 generally does not burn stationary, the arc base points change their position continuously due to the electrodynamic forces acting on them, so that the erosion of the covers 7 and 10 is distributed over their periphery. If the arc 21 is caused to rotate rapidly in the annular gap 23 by a magnetic field, the burn-off of the covers 7 and 10 is reduced again.
  • the arc 21 has a different intensity, depending on the instantaneous value of the alternating current to be switched off, so that the pressure generation in the space 15 is also of different intensity.
  • the gas pressure in the room 15 is lower than in the blowing volume.
  • This pressure drop between the blowing volume and the space 15 causes the compressed gas to flow out of the blowing volume through the duct 16 into the space 15 and from there through the annular gap 23, the space 17 and the duct 18 into the exhaust volume.
  • This gas flow is indicated in FIG. 3 by a dashed arrow 28. This gas flow cools the arc 21 and extinguishes it in a current zero crossing.
  • the distance between the covers 7 and 10 can be increased, the annular gap 23 being simultaneously extended in the axial direction.

Landscapes

  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
EP96810265A 1995-05-13 1996-04-25 Disjoncteur Expired - Lifetime EP0743665B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19517615A DE19517615A1 (de) 1995-05-13 1995-05-13 Leistungsschalter
DE19517615 1995-05-13

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0743665A2 true EP0743665A2 (fr) 1996-11-20
EP0743665A3 EP0743665A3 (fr) 1998-04-22
EP0743665B1 EP0743665B1 (fr) 2002-09-18

Family

ID=7761842

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96810265A Expired - Lifetime EP0743665B1 (fr) 1995-05-13 1996-04-25 Disjoncteur

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US5844189A (fr)
EP (1) EP0743665B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH08321233A (fr)
KR (1) KR100409412B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1076515C (fr)
BR (1) BR9602218A (fr)
CA (1) CA2172352A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19517615A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19830232A1 (de) * 1998-07-07 2000-01-13 Abb Research Ltd Stromkontaktanordnungen eines Stromschalters
JP5389279B2 (ja) * 2011-01-07 2014-01-15 三菱電機株式会社 開閉装置
JP6157824B2 (ja) * 2012-09-28 2017-07-05 株式会社東芝 ガス遮断器
JP6289856B2 (ja) * 2013-10-16 2018-03-07 株式会社東芝 ガス遮断器
FR3028089B1 (fr) * 2014-10-30 2016-12-30 Alstom Technology Ltd Interrupteur ou disjoncteur a moyenne ou haute tension, pourvu de contacts fixes ameliores, et procede d'utilisation
CN110088866B (zh) 2016-12-16 2021-11-19 东芝能源系统株式会社 气体绝缘开闭装置
CN111357074B (zh) * 2017-11-10 2021-12-24 株式会社东芝 气体断路器
US11289291B2 (en) * 2018-06-25 2022-03-29 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Gas circuit breaker
CN110797217B (zh) * 2018-08-02 2022-03-29 平高集团有限公司 一种快速机械开关及其开关断口
CN110137810B (zh) * 2019-05-26 2024-05-17 余姚市宏宇输变电工程有限公司舜能电气分公司 一种开关柜
CN112038967B (zh) * 2020-08-25 2022-04-08 国核电力规划设计研究院有限公司 一种用电设备及其开关设备

Family Cites Families (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE49131C (de) * D. J. Reisz, M. Berkovits und J. Bichler in Budapest, Waitzner Boulevard 73 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Nickelzinn - Legirung
DE758950C (de) * 1940-02-09 1952-04-17 Porzellanfabrik Kahla Fuer Starkstromschalter bestimmter stift- und huelsenfoermiger Unterbrechungskontakt
BE467249A (fr) * 1940-04-15
CH324323A (de) * 1953-10-15 1957-09-15 Sprecher & Schuh Ag Kontaktvorrichtung, insbesondere für Hochleistungsschalter
DE1803973U (de) * 1959-04-23 1960-01-14 Siemens Ag Elektrischer schalter.
DE1220927B (de) * 1963-08-23 1966-07-14 Siemens Ag Elektrischer Schalter
DE2208035C3 (de) * 1972-02-17 1979-07-26 Siemens Ag, 000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Kontaktsystem für Druckgasschalter
CH594973A5 (fr) * 1975-05-28 1978-01-31 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie
US4052577A (en) * 1975-09-02 1977-10-04 I-T-E Imperial Corporation Magnetically driven ring arc runner for circuit interrupter
FR2368792A1 (fr) * 1976-10-20 1978-05-19 Cem Comp Electro Mec Appareil electrique de coupure, notamment un disjoncteur, a auto-soufflage de l'arc de coupure par un gaz
CH612293A5 (fr) * 1977-04-29 1979-07-13 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie
DE3041083A1 (de) * 1978-11-02 1982-06-03 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Kontaktanordnung fuer druckgasschalter mit einem rohrfoermigen bauelement aus ferromagnetischem material
DE8029069U1 (de) * 1980-10-30 1988-05-26 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Druckgasschalter
FR2558299B1 (fr) * 1984-01-13 1987-03-20 Alsthom Atlantique Disjoncteur a haute tension a soufflage d'arc
EP0270895A1 (fr) * 1986-12-08 1988-06-15 BBC Brown Boveri AG Interrupteur à gaz comprimé
DE4111932A1 (de) * 1991-04-12 1992-10-15 Asea Brown Boveri Isolierstoffduese und verwendung der isolierduese in einem druckgasschalter
DE4212740C2 (de) * 1992-04-16 1997-02-27 Asea Brown Boveri Hochspannungsschalter
DE4221951A1 (de) * 1992-07-02 1994-01-13 Siemens Ag Hochspannungs-Leistungsschalter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19517615A1 (de) 1996-11-14
EP0743665B1 (fr) 2002-09-18
KR100409412B1 (ko) 2004-04-09
EP0743665A3 (fr) 1998-04-22
CN1137160A (zh) 1996-12-04
CN1076515C (zh) 2001-12-19
CA2172352A1 (fr) 1996-11-14
US5844189A (en) 1998-12-01
BR9602218A (pt) 1998-04-07
JPH08321233A (ja) 1996-12-03
DE59609674D1 (de) 2002-10-24
KR960042804A (ko) 1996-12-21

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