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EP0621449B2 - Method for the combustion of refuse on a combustion grate as well as combustion grate for carrying out the method - Google Patents

Method for the combustion of refuse on a combustion grate as well as combustion grate for carrying out the method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0621449B2
EP0621449B2 EP93810393A EP93810393A EP0621449B2 EP 0621449 B2 EP0621449 B2 EP 0621449B2 EP 93810393 A EP93810393 A EP 93810393A EP 93810393 A EP93810393 A EP 93810393A EP 0621449 B2 EP0621449 B2 EP 0621449B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grate
combustion
plate
plates
primary air
Prior art date
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EP93810393A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0621449A1 (en
EP0621449B1 (en
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Doikos Investments Ltd
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Doikos Investments Ltd
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23LSUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L1/00Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion 
    • F23L1/02Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion  by discharging the air below the fire
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23HGRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H17/00Details of grates
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23HGRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H3/00Grates with hollow bars
    • F23H3/02Grates with hollow bars internally cooled
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23HGRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H7/00Inclined or stepped grates
    • F23H7/06Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding
    • F23H7/08Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding reciprocating along their axes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23JREMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00Control
    • F23G2207/10Arrangement of sensing devices
    • F23G2207/101Arrangement of sensing devices for temperature
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00Control
    • F23G2207/30Oxidant supply
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23HGRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H2900/00Special features of combustion grates
    • F23H2900/03021Liquid cooled grates

Definitions

  • the invention relates primarily one out of one A plurality of combustion grates constructed from grate plates for the combustion of rubbish. Secondly, it affects Invention a method for burning rubbish on a such combustion grate.
  • Burning grates have always been for the combustion of Garbage known.
  • a special type of combustion grate is the so-called thrust combustion grate, which includes moving parts that are suitable, strokes to carry out, whereby the kiln is conveyed on the grate becomes.
  • the thrust combustion grate includes moving parts that are suitable, strokes to carry out, whereby the kiln is conveyed on the grate becomes.
  • the thrust combustion grate which includes moving parts that are suitable, strokes to carry out, whereby the kiln is conveyed on the grate becomes.
  • the firing stock will be on the former conveyed in the forward direction to the loading of firing material, on the latter in reverse.
  • the forward direction downward sloping feed grids and feed grids have been known for decades and have one found widespread in waste incineration plants.
  • the present invention relates generally to combustion sliding grates relates, regardless of whether this moves the firing material forward or feed backwards
  • a mechanical one Drive device ensures that every such second Grate stage executes a lifting stroke which consists in that these grate steps back and forth in the direction of their inclination are movable here. This ensures that the on the feed grate lying, burning rubbish with a long dwell time from 45 to 120 minutes constantly rearranged and up the grate is evenly distributed.
  • the moving grate is loaded with rubbish.
  • the incoming rubbish will be the loading area for the time being dried by the heat radiation acting on it.
  • This is followed by an area on the feed grate in which the Gasification sets in, namely the solid components of garbage change into gaseous state and energy release.
  • the moving grate is with a Compare tiled roof with reverse slope. He brings the advantage that the embers are pushed back to the beginning of the grate becomes. It extends from the beginning of the grate to the end overlapping the primary combustion.
  • This intense, direct Garbage fire starting at the beginning of the grate is an essential one Characteristic of a back-moving grate. It arises by already burning garbage components with the upward facing Conveying effect of the grate with not yet ignited fuel brought together and mixed, creating a Zone of very high temperature with high combustion intensity is generated at the beginning of the grate.
  • the stoking movement exists on the one hand from the natural downward movement of the firing material due to gravity and the opposite Pushing movement of the grate. At the same time, one can Buffer effect against fluctuations in the calorific value of the fired material generate by tearing off the ignition or running away the fire towards the grate end is reliably prevented.
  • Such return grids ensure a uniformly high Burning layer without holes that would leave the rust uncovered and would lead to its thermal wear.
  • the individual grate bars are made independent of the grate type a cast chrome steel, which has a high wear resistance and should ensure heat resistance.
  • the grate bars are machine ground to close together and therefore for those from below incoming primary air has a high flow resistance of the Rust covering with the smallest possible amount of rust diarrhea to reach.
  • the primary air also passes through one Gap ground out of the side surface in the area of the Head end of the grate bar into the combustion bed.
  • the headboard is from the next following overlapping grate bar overlined what should keep these air gaps clear.
  • To also to achieve a further cleaning effect the back and forth movement of the neighboring grate bars somewhat out of phase so that a relative movement between them arises, which contributes to the ventilation slots do not clog.
  • combustion air supply is the location of the grate most important prerequisite for the operation of a waste furnace, which should have the lowest possible emissions.
  • the primary air in the grate longitudinal direction Burning bed supplied via 5 to 6 separate air zones. At newer plants will supply the combustion air to everyone such individual air zone measured and controlled separately. This is done either via supply pipes with Venturi measuring points or pressure measurements over the individual orifices that are assigned to each primary air zone. Close control the air conditions under the grate at every point largely ensured. More air gets burned as so-called secondary air from above the grate fed.
  • This proportion of secondary air makes up about 25 to 35% of the total combustion air and is supplied via air nozzles of 50 up to 90 mm in diameter fed onto the firing material from above.
  • the average operating temperature of the grate bars in the The main combustion zone of the grate is only about 50 ° C above the set one Primary air temperature and thus around 200 ° C, but with the surface temperatures of 800 to 1,100 ° C has to endure.
  • the service life of a grate bar is however practically only of its mechanical, thermal and chemical (Oxidation in an acidic environment) Wear resistance dependent. Depending on the brand, you can reach between 5,000 to 35,000 hours of downtime.
  • a sliding grate has compensation segments. These usually consist of movable center plate and movable side plates of the grate, which this dilation to compensate.
  • a grate which consists of two perforated, parallel spaced apart There is sheet metal, with the perforation holes lying one above the other and connected with conical, welded pipes are. Water can flow through the cavity.
  • Such one one-piece grate is, however, for installation in a Waste incineration plant inconceivable, because here the Rust open widths of several meters and the length such grids usually measure a multiple of the width.
  • FR-A 2'247'134 discloses a grate made of several stacks superimposed elements, the rust surface in its entirety a downward slope in the direction of conveyance has, while the individual elements against the conveying direction are inclined downwards. The elements are also movable against each other.
  • DE-C 498'538 describes a cast body water-cooled thrust combustion grate known, in which Adjacent grate levels overlap and on top of each other are executed lying down.
  • the object of the present invention is first line to create a thrust combustion grate which is significantly cheaper to manufacture, a significantly longer service life than conventional thrust combustion grates reached, only a minimal dilatation is subject, so that corresponding compensation segments are omitted can, and which a smaller rust diarrhea has than conventional combustion grates, as well as in a special version also a more targeted primary air supply enables.
  • a thrust combustion grate based on the a thrust combustion grate according to the invention create what a better optimized combustion of the rubbish allowed on a combustion grate by causing slag diarrhea is reduced and the combustion grate on at a lower temperature level, so that the Primary air supply can be controlled so that an optimal Combustion chamber temperature spectrum is achieved and thus the calorific value the waste to be burned is better used.
  • Such a rust is significantly easier and cheaper to manufacture than those of rust bars made of cast chrome steel. Because it can be cooled, is only slightly dilated, so there is no need to compensate for this dilation. The Rust diarrhea is greatly reduced because the grate plate stretched across the entire width of the grate.
  • the first task is solved by a combustion grate for burning rubbish consisting of several there are movable grate levels and thereby distinguishes that it consists of a plurality of grate plates exists, and itself by the features of the claim 1 awards.
  • the second object is achieved by a method of burning of rubbish on a combustion grate whose Inside is flowed through by a liquid, which the Burning grate tempered, and that of a variety of Holes are interspersed with continuous pipe sections are formed by which the fire from below the combustion grate Air is supplied, the process by the characterizing features of claim 12 distinguished.
  • the grate By cooling the grate can be at a lower temperature can be held and can therefore consist of a few continuous Rust plates exist, so the number of slots through which Slag can fall through the rust is reduced. Further enables the relatively low temperature of the Rust that optional primary air supply lines on its underside can be connected directly to the grate, whereby the primary air is supplied locally in a very targeted manner can. Such a grate allows a geometrically approximate defined fire to drive by the primary air supply very can be targeted. This will result in better burnout achieved and thus also a higher boiler efficiency and better Flue gas values. In addition, the service life of such a Rust much larger and the production costs considerably deeper. After all, the slag diarrhea is severe reduced.
  • FIG Grate plate 1 of such a combustion grate in perspective Representation shown.
  • the example execution of the Grate plate 1 consists of two chrome steel sheets, namely from a shell for the grate top 2 and a bowl for the bottom of the grate plate 3.
  • the two Sheet metal shells 2, 3 are welded together. For this are their edges advantageously shaped so that the two shells 2, 3 can be slipped together with their edges.
  • the two end faces of the resulting hollow profile tightly welded with end plates.
  • Openings 8,9 On the top of the grate plate 2 and on the bottom of the grate plate 3 there are openings 8,9, the openings 8 on the upper side 2 being smaller than the openings 9 on the underside 3.
  • the on the grate plate top 2 and the bottom of the grate plate 3 opposite Openings 8.9 are with tubular elements 21, for example conical tubes 21 with a round, elliptical or slit-shaped diameter, close together connected, each of these elements 21 in the grate plate top 2 and the underside of the grate plate 3 are welded tight is.
  • the resulting funnel-shaped bushings through the grate plate 1 allow by inflow with Air from the grate bottom 3 a targeted Ventilation of the firing material lying on the grate.
  • the bottom 3 of the grate plate 1 feed pipes or hoses connected for the primary air to be blown.
  • This one shown grate plate 1 has such a cross section that on the top 2 of the plate 1 has a largely flat surface 2 is formed, on which the firing material is determined to lie is.
  • the lower side 3 has bends, so to a certain extent Feet 10,11 are formed.
  • Feet 10,11 are formed.
  • one foot 10 which here contains a channel 12
  • runs inside this cannula 12 a round rod 13 on which the grate plate 1 rests here.
  • the other foot 11 is flat and below determined on the neighboring grate plate, which of the same Form is to lie on.
  • such a grate plate can also be made from one prefabricated hollow profile exist, in which only the welded to both ends with a suitable end plate become.
  • the funnel-shaped continuous pipes can be welded in afterwards by using the Small holes milled or drilled out on top be, and opposite on the bottom of the Grate plate corresponding to somewhat larger holes.
  • the larger holes can then be funnel-shaped tubes or elements are pushed through the grate plate afterwards sealed to the outside of the grate plate become.
  • These tubes or elements 21 therefore become conical or chosen funnel-shaped because it sticks a possible rust diarrhea practically excluded in them is by the walls through the taper are somewhat overhanging. Then you can Mouths with the top of the grate plate are ground flat. At the bottom you can connect pipes or hoses to them through tubes are screwed.
  • a manganese alloy sheet is suitable of such strength that it can just be folded over that is, of a magnitude of around 10 Millimeters.
  • the sheet should also be a good enough one Have thermal conductivity, so that no large temperature differences can occur within the grate and so Tensions in its material can be avoided. No matter, whether such a grate plate made of two half-shells or with hollow profiles is manufactured, in any case it is compared to the level of a conventional grate, which consists of a large number of grate bars exists to manufacture significantly cheaper.
  • a grate plate is partially cut open shown.
  • This grate plate is by means of a partition bulkhead 50 divided into two chambers 51, 52. It is this Grate plate around one in the first part of a combustion grate is installed in which not with primary air supply is worked, which is why the plate shown here differs contains no tubular elements to that in FIG and therefore has no openings.
  • Combustion grates usually consist of three to five different ones Zones, each consisting of a number of several grate plates exist, with primary air only from the second zone is fed.
  • baffles inside the two chambers 51, 52 53 installed, which is tight with the grate plate below are welded, but an air gap on the top from a few tenths of a millimeter to the inside of the top Leave the grate plate open so that it can pass through these air gaps Gas exchange within the baffle 53 formed Labyrinths can take place.
  • a cooling medium is pumped into the grate plate chamber 52, which then as indicated by the arrows by that of the Baffles 53 formed labyrinth flows and finally flows out of the chamber through the nozzle 7. Because the cooling medium a larger as it flows through Finding area for heat absorption will be a better one Heat exchange achieved.
  • a cooling medium for example Water can be used.
  • each plank 54 consists of two superimposed ones Square tubes 55.56, the partition thus formed 57 is shortened at one end so that there is a connection formed between the inside of the two square tubes 55.56 becomes. From a connection 58, cooling medium flows through the plank 54 pumped, which then through the two square tubes 55.56 flows as indicated by the arrows, and finally flows out of the plank 54 through the nozzle 59.
  • a shielding plate not shown here, is arranged be the plank 54 on the combustion plate side borders and as a wear element because of the between Grate plate and plank used friction.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross section through a combustion grate shown, which consists of a plurality of grate plates exists as they have just been described.
  • Figure 3a) and FIG. 3b) show two different snapshots in the operation of this combustion grate, its movable Carry out rusting strokes.
  • These movable grate plates 16, 17 can now do strokes by doing as with the Move the arrows indicated to and fro.
  • the drive takes place thereby over the round rods 13, which are attached to profiles 18 are, which in turn over a mechanical drive now and then are movable here.
  • the combustion grate as shown in FIG. 3 is related to FIG the general direction of conveyance is horizontal. It is about a moving grate because the firing material is from the grate or from the moving grate plates, from where every other person is mobile and does strokes, is promoted.
  • FIG. 4 Another embodiment is shown in FIG. 4.
  • the combustion grate identical in itself from several combustion grate plates built up, only he is now on one side inclined by about 25 °. Therefore now slide the grate plates the firing material by means of the strokes they performed against the general direction of funding upwards. This will that the firing material, which is due to gravity moves slowly downwards on the grate through which Push strokes always pushed back a bit and relocated becomes what promotes complete combustion is.
  • a combustion grate can be made from such Grate plates inclined horizontally, downwards or upwards be carried out as required.
  • FIG. 5 finally shows a feed siphon 30, such as he below the combustion grate to each primary air supply line can be assembled. Because through the little ones Openings in the grate plates inevitably some rust diarrhea this rust diarrhea falls in the form of finely powdered slag in the supply lines for the primary air. It is therefore necessary to supply such siphons 30 to provide in which the rust diarrhea is caught, and at the same time the unimpeded continuous air supply is guaranteed.
  • a siphon is below, for example similar to the shape of an Erlenmeyer flask, where the bottom of the siphon through a spring-loaded flap 31 is closed.
  • the flap 31 is around a hinge 32 pivotable and a spring 33 loaded with one leg 34 the flap 31 from below and with the other leg 35 the side wall of the siphon.
  • a tight with the flap 31 connected operating lever 36 protrudes from the hinge 32 and is in the range of action of a solenoid 37.
  • This Electromagnet is capable if its coil 38 is under electrical Tension is set, the operating lever 36 to its core 39 attract, whereby the flap 31 is opened and the accumulated rust diarrhea 40 in an underlying trough falls.
  • Primary air supply line 41 into the interior of the siphon 30.
  • the supply line is inclined downwards into the siphon so that it is below Under no circumstances fall rust rust into this supply line can, because this does not necessarily have to be constantly from a strong one Air flow.
  • the neck 42 of the siphon is via a heat-resistant flexible line 43 with the lower one Mouth of a single conical tube connected by a grate plate 1 leads.
  • the method according to the invention can now be carried out with one of such Grate plates 1 built combustion grate exercised become.
  • Liquids are used as the medium for tempering the grate used.
  • the aim of the process is to determine the temperature to keep the grate at a constant level and thereby significantly reducing its wear.
  • the temperatures should move in the range of up to about 150 °, which results in a low thermal material load draws and accordingly positive on the mechanical Resilience and wear resistance of the grate plates 1 affects.
  • that used for tempering Medium in a heat exchange with the feed Primary air.
  • a commercially available heat exchanger can be used for this can be used, the countercurrent principle is working.
  • the temperature control medium can already remove the heat from the exhaust air absorb the incineration, and then into the grate plates of the combustion grate.
  • a second, just as significant part of the inventive The procedure is that the firing material is optimal is supplied with primary air so that its calorific value is as good as possible is exploited and its combustion as complete as possible.
  • the temperature spectrum in the combustion chamber above the combustion grate using a variety determined by temperature measuring probes. These probes can built into the surface of the grate plates his.
  • the temperature spectrum can also be determined using of a pyrometer can be determined.
  • solenoid valves in the feed lines are used, which from a central Microprocessor can be controlled in which the optimal selected combustion chamber temperature spectrum can be saved.
  • the primary air supply is via one or more powerful compressors or fans.
  • the method according to the invention enables a greatly improved Combustion and thus better use of the calorific values of the various fuel items.
  • tempering and one can in particular by cooling the grate plates considerable increase in the service life of the combustion grates achieve.
  • the combustion grate according to the invention is in its Production with individual grate plates easy and a lot less expensive than conventional combustion grates made from there are a large number of grate bars which can be moved relative to one another, which also have high mechanical and thermal wear are exposed.
  • the problematic falls Dilatation by keeping the temperature constant practically away from a comparatively low level and thus there is no need for the previously complex measures to compensate of these heat-related dilations.
  • the rust diarrhea is greatly reduced because only small, but many feed openings for the specifically used Primary air is available, which is also mostly relative are strongly flowed through, so that a larger rust diarrhea practically hardly occurs.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Baking, Grill, Roasting (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Abstract

The method is characterised in that the combustion grate is temperature-controlled by a medium flowing through it. Furthermore, primary air is supplied through a large number of continuous holes (8) in the combustion grate, the primary air supply being individually dosed for each hole (8). The grate plate (1) is characterised in that it has externally in general the shape of a board, and its length is intended to extend over the entire width of the combustion grate to be produced or of a grate web to be produced and thus form a complete grate step. This grate plate (1) is made from sheet metal and is hollow on the inside. Distributed over its surface (2), it has some encased holes (8) or slots which run through the grate plate (1) and the hole opening (8) of which is smaller on the grate-plate upper side (2) than on the grate-plate lower side (3). On one side of the grate plate (1), there is a connection pipe piece (6) and on the other side a removal pipe piece (7) for a medium which is to flow through it. The combustion grate consists of a large number of such grate plates (1), these grate plates (1) extending with an inclined wide side in their longitudinal direction over the entire width of the combustion grate and in each case forming a complete grate step. Each grate plate (1) overlaps and rests on the next grate plate (1) in the conveying direction of the material being combusted. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft in erster Linie einen aus einer Mehrzahl von Rostplatten aufgebauten Verbrennungsrost zur Verbrennung von Kehricht. In zweiter Linie betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Kehricht auf einem derartigen Verbrennungsrost.The invention relates primarily one out of one A plurality of combustion grates constructed from grate plates for the combustion of rubbish. Secondly, it affects Invention a method for burning rubbish on a such combustion grate.

Verbrennungsroste sind seit jeher für die Verbrennung von Kehricht bekannt. Von einem besonderen Typ Verbrennungsrost ist dabei der sogenannte Schubverbrennungsrost, welcher bewegliche Teile einschliesst, die geeignet sind, Schürhübe auszuführen, wodurch das Brenngut auf dem Rost gefördert wird. Grundsätzlich sind dabei die Vorschub- von den Rückschubrosten zu unterscheiden. Auf den ersteren wird das Brenngut in Vorwärtsrichtung zur Brenngut-Beschickung gefördert, auf den letzteren in Rückwärtsrichtung dazu. Die in Vorwärtsrichtung nach abwärts geneigten Rückschubroste und Vorschubroste sind seit Jahrzehnten bekannt und haben eine grosse Verbreitung in Kehrichtverbrennungsanlagen gefunden. Obwohl sich die vorliegende Erfindung ganz allgemein auf Verbrennungs-Schubroste bezieht, egal ob diese das Brenngut vorwärts oder rückwärts zur Beschickungsrichtung fördern, wird zunächst auf den Vorschubrost eingegangen.Burning grates have always been for the combustion of Garbage known. Of a special type of combustion grate is the so-called thrust combustion grate, which includes moving parts that are suitable, strokes to carry out, whereby the kiln is conveyed on the grate becomes. Basically, the feed from the return grids to distinguish. The firing stock will be on the former conveyed in the forward direction to the loading of firing material, on the latter in reverse. The forward direction downward sloping feed grids and feed grids have been known for decades and have one found widespread in waste incineration plants. Although the present invention relates generally to combustion sliding grates relates, regardless of whether this moves the firing material forward or feed backwards to the loading direction first dealt with the feed grate.

Am besten kann man sich einen solchen konventionellen Vorschubrost vorstellen, wenn man sich ein gewöhnliches Ziegeldach vor Augen führt. Die einzelnen Ziegel stellen dann die einzelnen sogenannten Roststäbe des Vorschubrostes dar, während eine horizontal verlaufende Reihe von Ziegeln einer horizontal verlaufenden Reihe von Roststäben entspricht, welche zusammen je eine einzelne Roststufe bilden. Jede Roststufe überlappt somit die nächsttiefer angeordnete. Die typische Neigung eines Verbrennungs-Vorschubrostes beträgt dabei etwa 20 Winkelgrade, kann aber auch grösser oder kleiner sein. Bei einem solchen Vorschubrost ist nun jede zweite Roststufe ortsfest angeordnet und die dazwischenliegenden Roststufen sind mechanisch beweglich gelagert. Eine mechanische Antriebsvorrichtung sorgt dafür, dass jede solche zweite Roststufe einen Schürhub ausführt, welcher darin besteht, dass diese Roststufen in Fallrichtung ihrer Neigung hin und her bewegbar sind. Damit wird erreicht, dass der auf dem Vorschubrost liegende, brennende Kehricht bei einer hohen Verweilzeit von 45 bis 120 Minuten ständig umgelagert und auf dem Rost gleichmässig verteilt wird. Am oberen Rostanfang wird der Vorschubrost mit Kehricht beschickt. In diesem sogenannten Beschickungsbereich wird der ankommende Kehricht vorerst durch die auf ihn einwirkende Wärmestrahlung getrocknet. Danach folgt ein Bereich auf dem Vorschubrost, in welchem die Vergasung einsetzt, in der nämlich die festen Bestandteile des Kehrichts in den gasförmigen Zustand wechseln und Energie freisetzen.The best way to get such a conventional feed grate imagine if you have an ordinary tiled roof in front of your eyes. The individual bricks then form the individual so-called grate bars of the feed grate, while a horizontal row of bricks one which corresponds to a horizontal row of grate bars together form a single grate level. Every grate level thus overlaps the next lower one. The typical one The inclination of a combustion grate is about 20 degrees, but can also be larger or smaller his. With such a feed grate every second is now The grate step is arranged in a fixed position and the intermediate ones Gratings are mechanically movable. A mechanical one Drive device ensures that every such second Grate stage executes a lifting stroke which consists in that these grate steps back and forth in the direction of their inclination are movable here. This ensures that the on the feed grate lying, burning rubbish with a long dwell time from 45 to 120 minutes constantly rearranged and up the grate is evenly distributed. At the top of the grate the moving grate is loaded with rubbish. In this so-called The incoming rubbish will be the loading area for the time being dried by the heat radiation acting on it. This is followed by an area on the feed grate in which the Gasification sets in, namely the solid components of garbage change into gaseous state and energy release.

Im Vergleich zum Vorschubrost ist der Rückschubrost mit einem Ziegeldach mit umgekehrter Neigung zu vergleichen. Er bringt den Vorteil, dass die Glutmasse zum Rostanfang zurückgeschoben wird. Vom Rostanfang bis zu seinem Ende erstreckt sich überlappend die Primärverbrennung. Dieses intensive, direkt am Rostanfang beginnende Kehrichtfeuer ist ein wesentliches Merkmal bei einem Rückschubrost. Es entsteht, indem bereits brennende Kehrichtbestandteile mit der aufwärts gerichteten Förderwirkung des Rostes mit noch nicht gezündeten Brenngutanteilen zusammengebracht und gemischt werden, wodurch eine Zone sehr hoher Temperatur mit grosser Verbrennungsintensität bereits am Rostanfang erzeugt wird. Die Schürbewegung besteht einerseits aus der natürlichen Abwärtsbewegung des Brenngutes infolge der Schwerkraft und der entgegengesetzt wirkenden Schubbewegung des Rostes. Gleichzeitig lässt sich damit eine Pufferwirkung gegenüber Heizwertschwankungen des Brenngutes erzeugen, indem ein Abreissen der Zündung oder ein Weglaufen des Feuers in Richtung Rostende zuverlässig verhindert wird. Solche Rückschubroste sorgen für eine gleichmässig hohe Brennschicht ohne Löcher, die den Rost unbedeckt lassen würden und damit zu seinem thermischen Verschleiss führen würden.Compared to the moving grate, the moving grate is with a Compare tiled roof with reverse slope. He brings the advantage that the embers are pushed back to the beginning of the grate becomes. It extends from the beginning of the grate to the end overlapping the primary combustion. This intense, direct Garbage fire starting at the beginning of the grate is an essential one Characteristic of a back-moving grate. It arises by already burning garbage components with the upward facing Conveying effect of the grate with not yet ignited fuel brought together and mixed, creating a Zone of very high temperature with high combustion intensity is generated at the beginning of the grate. The stoking movement exists on the one hand from the natural downward movement of the firing material due to gravity and the opposite Pushing movement of the grate. At the same time, one can Buffer effect against fluctuations in the calorific value of the fired material generate by tearing off the ignition or running away the fire towards the grate end is reliably prevented. Such return grids ensure a uniformly high Burning layer without holes that would leave the rust uncovered and would lead to its thermal wear.

Die einzelnen Roststäbe bestehen unabhängig vom Rosttyp aus einem Chromstahl-Guss, welcher eine hohe Verschleissfestigkeit und Hitzebeständigkeit gewährleisten soll. An den Seitenflächen sind die Roststäbe maschinell plangeschliffen, um ein dichtes Aneinanderliegen und damit für die von unten anströmende Primärluft einen hohen Strömungswiderstand des Rostbelages bei einer möglichst geringen Menge an Rostdurchfall zu erreichen. Die Primärluft tritt über einen ebenfalls aus der Seitenfläche herausgeschliffenen Spalt im Bereich des Kopfendes des Roststabes in das Brennbett ein. Das Kopfende wird vom nach unten nächstfolgenden, überlappenden Roststab überstrichen, was diese Luftspalten freihalten soll. Um ausserdem einen weiteren Reinigungseffekt zu erzielen, erfolgt die Hin- und Herbewegung der benachbarten Roststäbe etwas phasenverschoben, sodass eine Relativbewegung zwischen ihnen entsteht, welche dazu beiträgt, dass die Lüftungsschlitze nicht verstopfen. Eine möglichst zu jeder Zeit und an jedem Ort des Rostes definierte Verbrennungsluftzufuhr ist die wichtigste Voraussetzung für den Betrieb einer Kehrichtfeuerung, die möglichst niedrige Emissionen aufweisen soll. Hierzu wird die Primärluft in der Rostlängsrichtung dem Brennbett über 5 bis 6 separate Luftzonen zugeführt. Bei neueren Anlagen wird die Zufuhr der Verbrennungsluft zu jeder solchen einzelnen Luftzone separat gemessen und geregelt. Dies erfolgt entweder über Zuleitungsrohre mit Venturi-Mess-Stellen oder Druckmessungen über die einzelnen Blenden, die jeder Primärluftzone zugeordnet sind. Eine genaue Kontrolle der Luftverhältnisse unter dem Rost an jeder Stelle wird dadurch weitgehend sichergestellt. Weitere Luft wird der Verbrennung als sogenannte Sekundärluft von oberhalb des Rostes zugeführt. Dieser Sekundärluftanteil macht etwa 25 bis 35% der Gesamtverbrennungsluft aus und wird über Luftdüsen von 50 bis 90 mm Durchmesser von oben auf das Brenngut zugeführt. Die durchschnittliche Betriebstemperatur der Roststäbe in der Hauptbrennzone des Rostes liegt nur etwa 50° C über der eingestellten Primärlufttemperatur und somit etwa bei 200° C, wobei aber die Oberfläche Temperaturen von 800 bis 1'100 °C aushalten muss. Die Standzeit eines Roststabes ist jedoch praktisch nur von seiner mechanischen, thermischen und chemischen (Oxidation in saurem Milieu) Verschleissfestigkeit abhängig. Je nach Fabrikat erreicht man zwischen 5'000 bis 35'000 Stunden Standzeit. Weil die Roststäbe infolge der immer noch grossen Temperaturdifferenzen zwischen Betrieb und Nichtbetriebszustand einer erheblichen Dilatation unterworfen sind, die sich direkt auf die von ihnen gebildete Rostbreite auswirkt, weist ein Rückschubrost Ausgleichssegmente auf. Diese bestehen meist aus beweglichen Mittelstückplatten und beweglichen Seitenplatten des Rostes, welche diese Dilatation zu kompensieren vermögen. The individual grate bars are made independent of the grate type a cast chrome steel, which has a high wear resistance and should ensure heat resistance. On the side surfaces the grate bars are machine ground to close together and therefore for those from below incoming primary air has a high flow resistance of the Rust covering with the smallest possible amount of rust diarrhea to reach. The primary air also passes through one Gap ground out of the side surface in the area of the Head end of the grate bar into the combustion bed. The headboard is from the next following overlapping grate bar overlined what should keep these air gaps clear. To also to achieve a further cleaning effect the back and forth movement of the neighboring grate bars somewhat out of phase so that a relative movement between them arises, which contributes to the ventilation slots do not clog. One at any time and at everyone Defined combustion air supply is the location of the grate most important prerequisite for the operation of a waste furnace, which should have the lowest possible emissions. For this purpose, the primary air in the grate longitudinal direction Burning bed supplied via 5 to 6 separate air zones. At newer plants will supply the combustion air to everyone such individual air zone measured and controlled separately. This is done either via supply pipes with Venturi measuring points or pressure measurements over the individual orifices that are assigned to each primary air zone. Close control the air conditions under the grate at every point largely ensured. More air gets burned as so-called secondary air from above the grate fed. This proportion of secondary air makes up about 25 to 35% of the total combustion air and is supplied via air nozzles of 50 up to 90 mm in diameter fed onto the firing material from above. The average operating temperature of the grate bars in the The main combustion zone of the grate is only about 50 ° C above the set one Primary air temperature and thus around 200 ° C, but with the surface temperatures of 800 to 1,100 ° C has to endure. The service life of a grate bar is however practically only of its mechanical, thermal and chemical (Oxidation in an acidic environment) Wear resistance dependent. Depending on the brand, you can reach between 5,000 to 35,000 hours of downtime. Because the grate bars as a result of still large temperature differences between operation and Inoperative condition subjected to considerable dilation are directly related to the grate width they form affects, a sliding grate has compensation segments. These usually consist of movable center plate and movable side plates of the grate, which this dilation to compensate.

Aus der FR-A 2'587'092 ist ein Rost bekanntgeworden, der aus zwei perforierten, in Abstand zueinander parallel verlaufenden Blechen besteht, wobei die Perforationslöcher übereinanderliegen und mit konischen, eingeschweissten Rohren verbunden sind. Der Hohlraum ist von Wasser durchströmbar. Ein derartiger einstückiger Rost ist allerdings zum Einbau in eine Kehrichtverbrennungsanlage undenkbar, denn hier weisen die Roste lichte Breiten von mehreren Metern auf und die Länge solcher Roste misst in der Regel ein Mehrfaches der Breite. Dass eine einzelne Rostbahn aus einer einzigen geneigten Platte aus einem oberen und einem unteren Blech gemäss FR-A 2'587'092 besteht, wäre aus verschiedenen Gründen nicht möglich: Erstens wäre eine solche Plattenkonstruktion für das Handling viel zu schwer, zweitens würden unüberwindbare Dilatationsprobleme entstehen, die zu inneren Spannungen und zum Verziehen einer solchen Platte führen würden, und drittens wäre die Müllförderung auf dem Rost nicht beeinflussbar, was für die Erzielung eines einigermassen optimalen Verbrennungsprozesses aber unerlässlich ist.From FR-A 2'587'092 a grate has become known which consists of two perforated, parallel spaced apart There is sheet metal, with the perforation holes lying one above the other and connected with conical, welded pipes are. Water can flow through the cavity. Such one one-piece grate is, however, for installation in a Waste incineration plant inconceivable, because here the Rust open widths of several meters and the length such grids usually measure a multiple of the width. That a single grate run from a single inclined one Top and bottom sheet according to FR-A 2,587,092, would not be possible for various reasons: First, such a plate construction would be for that Handling much too difficult, secondly, insurmountable dilation problems arise that lead to inner tensions and to Warping such a plate would result, and third the rubbish conveyance on the grate could not be influenced, what for achieving a reasonably optimal combustion process but is essential.

Aus der US-A 5'033'396 ist ein Rost aus horizontalen und geneigten Abschnitten bekanntgeworden, die treppenförmig nach unten versetzt sind. Die einzelnen Rostelemente weisen Düsen für die Zufuhr von Primärluft auf.From US-A 5'033'396 is a grate of horizontal and sloping sections became known, the staircase after are offset below. The individual grate elements have nozzles for the supply of primary air.

Die FR-A 2'247'134 offenbart einen Rost aus mehreren stapelförmig aufeinanderliegenden Elementen, wobei die Rostoberfläche in ihrer Gesamtheit eine Abwärtsneigung in Förderrichtung aufweist, während die einzelnen Elemente gegen die Förderrichtung hin nach unten geneigt sind. Die Elemente sind ausserdem gegeneinander bewegbar.FR-A 2'247'134 discloses a grate made of several stacks superimposed elements, the rust surface in its entirety a downward slope in the direction of conveyance has, while the individual elements against the conveying direction are inclined downwards. The elements are also movable against each other.

Durch die DE-C 498'538 ist ein als gusskörper ausgebildeter, wassergekühlter Schubverbrennungsrost bekannt, bei dem benachbarte Roststufen einander überlappend und aufeinander liegend ausgeführt sind. DE-C 498'538 describes a cast body water-cooled thrust combustion grate known, in which Adjacent grate levels overlap and on top of each other are executed lying down.

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es in erster Linie einen Schub-Verbrennungsrost zu schaffen, welcher bedeutend kostengünstiger in der Herstellung ist, eine bedeutend längere Standzeit als herkömmliche Schubverbrennungsroste erreicht, nur noch einer minimalen Dilatation unterworfen ist, sodass entsprechende Ausgleichssegmente entfallen können, und welcher einen kleineren Rostdurchfall aufweist als herkömmliche Verbrennungsroste, sowie der in einer speziellen Ausführung auch eine gezieltere Primärluftzufuhr ermöglicht.The object of the present invention is first line to create a thrust combustion grate which is significantly cheaper to manufacture, a significantly longer service life than conventional thrust combustion grates reached, only a minimal dilatation is subject, so that corresponding compensation segments are omitted can, and which a smaller rust diarrhea has than conventional combustion grates, as well as in a special version also a more targeted primary air supply enables.

In zweiter Linie ist es die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, basierend auf dem erfindungsgemässen Schubverbrennungsrost ein Verfahren zu schaffen, welches eine besser optimierte Verbrennung des Kehrichts auf einem Verbrennungsrost erlaubt, indem der Schlackendurchfall reduziert wird und der Verbrennungsrost auf einem tieferen Temperaturniveau haltbar wird, sodass die Primärluftzufuhr so gesteuert werden kann, dass ein optimales Feuerraum-Temperaturspektrum erzielt wird und so der Heizwert des zu verbrennenden Kehrichts besser ausgenutzt wird. Secondly, it is the object of the present invention based on the a thrust combustion grate according to the invention create what a better optimized combustion of the rubbish allowed on a combustion grate by causing slag diarrhea is reduced and the combustion grate on at a lower temperature level, so that the Primary air supply can be controlled so that an optimal Combustion chamber temperature spectrum is achieved and thus the calorific value the waste to be burned is better used.

Ein solcher Rost ist bedeutend einfacher und kostengünstiger in der Herstellung als jene von Roststäben aus Chromstahlguss. Weil en kühlbar ist, ist en nur einer geringfügigen Dilatation unterworfen, sodass ein Ausgleich dieser Dilatation entfallen kann. Der Rostdurchfall ist stark reduziert, weil sich die Rostplatte über die ganze Breite des Rostes erstreckten.Such a rust is significantly easier and cheaper to manufacture than those of rust bars made of cast chrome steel. Because it can be cooled, is only slightly dilated, so there is no need to compensate for this dilation. The Rust diarrhea is greatly reduced because the grate plate stretched across the entire width of the grate.

Die erste Aufgabe wird gelöst von einem Verbrennungsrost zum Verbrennen von Kehricht, der aus mehreren zueinander beweglichen Roststufen besteht und sich dadurch auszeichnet, dass er aus einer Mehrzahl von Rostplatten besteht, und sich durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1 auszeichnet.The first task is solved by a combustion grate for burning rubbish consisting of several there are movable grate levels and thereby distinguishes that it consists of a plurality of grate plates exists, and itself by the features of the claim 1 awards.

Die zweite Aufgabe wird gelöst von einem Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Kehricht auf einem Verbrennungsrost, dessen Inneres von einer Flüssigkeit durchströmt wird, welche den Verbrennungsrost temperiert, und der von einer Vielzahl von Löchern durchsetzt ist, die von durchgehenden Rohrabschnitten gebildet sind, durch welche dem Feuer von unterhalb des Verbrennungsrostes Luft zugeführt wird, wobei sich das Verfahren durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruches 12 auszeichnet.The second object is achieved by a method of burning of rubbish on a combustion grate whose Inside is flowed through by a liquid, which the Burning grate tempered, and that of a variety of Holes are interspersed with continuous pipe sections are formed by which the fire from below the combustion grate Air is supplied, the process by the characterizing features of claim 12 distinguished.

Durch die Kühlung kann der Rost auf einer tieferen Temperatur gehalten werden und kann deswegen aus wenigen durchgehenden Rostplatten bestehen, sodass die Anzahl Schlitze, durch welche Schlacke durch den Rost fallen kann, reduziert ist. Weiter ermöglicht die im Betrieb relativ tiefe Temperatur des Rostes, dass optional an seiner Unterseite Primärluft-Zuleitungen direkt an den Rost angeschlossen werden können, wodurch die Primärluft lokal ganz gezielt zugeführt werden kann. Ein solcher Rost erlaubt es, ein geometrisch annähernd definiertes Feuer zu fahren, indem die Primärluftzufuhr sehr gezielt erfolgen kann. Damit wird ein besserer Ausbrand erzielt und damit auch eine höhere Kesseleffizienz und bessere Rauchgaswerte. Ausserdem sind die Standzeiten eines solchen Rostes sehr viel grösser und die Gestehungskosten erheblich tiefer. Schliesslich ist der Schlackendurchfall stark reduziert.By cooling the grate can be at a lower temperature can be held and can therefore consist of a few continuous Rust plates exist, so the number of slots through which Slag can fall through the rust is reduced. Further enables the relatively low temperature of the Rust that optional primary air supply lines on its underside can be connected directly to the grate, whereby the primary air is supplied locally in a very targeted manner can. Such a grate allows a geometrically approximate defined fire to drive by the primary air supply very can be targeted. This will result in better burnout achieved and thus also a higher boiler efficiency and better Flue gas values. In addition, the service life of such a Rust much larger and the production costs considerably deeper. After all, the slag diarrhea is severe reduced.

Anhand der Zeichnungen wird eine beispielsweise Rostplatte sowie ein aus einer Mehrzahl solcher Rostplatten hergestellter Verbrennungsrost beschrieben und dessen Funktion sowie auch das mit ihm betriebene erfindungsgemässe Verfahren werden im einzelnen erläutert. Using the drawings, for example, a grate plate and one made from a plurality of such grate plates Described combustion grate and its function as well also the inventive method operated with it are explained in detail.

Es zeigt:

Figur 1 :
Eine einzelne Rostplatte eines Verbrennungsrostes;
Figur 2 :
Eine einzelne Rostplatte eines Verbrennungsrostes mit Schikanen, teilweise aufgeschnitten;
Figur 3 :
Einen schematischen Querschnitt durch einen Verbrennungsrost aus einer Mehrzahl von Rostplatten, wobei a) und b) zwei unterschiedliche Momentaufnahmen im Betrieb dieses Verbrennungsrostes zeigen, dessen bewegliche Rostplatten Schürhübe ausführen;
Figur 4 :
Einen geneigten Verbrennungsrost aus Rostplatten in einer Ausführung als Rückschubrost;
Figur 5 :
Ein unterhalb des Verbrennungsrostes anzubauender Zuluft-Siphon mit Rostdurchfallbehälter und die Vorrichtung zu dessen ferngesteuerter Entleerung.
It shows:
Figure 1:
A single grate plate of a combustion grate;
Figure 2:
A single grate plate of a combustion grate with chicanes, partially cut open;
Figure 3:
A schematic cross section through a combustion grate made up of a plurality of grate plates, a) and b) showing two different snapshots during the operation of this combustion grate, the movable grate plates of which perform strokes;
Figure 4:
An inclined combustion grate made of grate plates in a design as a push-back grate;
Figure 5:
A supply air siphon to be installed underneath the combustion grate with grate diarrhea and the device for its remote-controlled emptying.

Um das Verständnis des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens zu erleichtern wird zunächst die zu dessen Ausübung nötige Rostplatte sowie der aus solchen Rostplatten konstruierte Verbrennungsrost beschrieben. In der Figur 1 ist eine einzelne Rostplatte 1 eines solchen Verbrennungsrostes in perspektivischer Darstellung gezeigt. Die beispielsweise Ausführung der Rostplatte 1 besteht aus zwei Chromstahl-Blechschalen, nämlich aus einer Schale für die Rostplatten-Oberseite 2 und einer Schale für die Rostplatten-Unterseite 3. Die beiden Blechschalen 2,3 sind miteinander verschweisst. Hierzu sind ihre Ränder vorteilhaft so geformt, dass die beiden Schalen 2,3 mit ihren Rändern etwas ineinandergestülpt werden können. Die beiden Stirnseiten des so entstandenen Hohlprofils werden mit Abschlussblechen dicht verschweisst. In der Zeichnung ist das hintere Abschlussblech 4 eingesetzt, während die vordere Stirnseite 5 noch frei ist und Einblick in das Innere des Hohlprofils gewährt. Nach Zuschliessen beider Stirnseiten wird im Inneren der Rostplatte 1 ein nach aussen hin abgedichteter Hohlraum gebildet. Auf beiden Seiten der Rostplatten-Unterseite 3 befinden sich je ein Anschluss-Stutzen 6,7 zum Anschliessen einer Zu- und Abfuhrleitung für ein die Rostplatte 1 durchströmendes Medium. Dieses Medium wird grundsätzlich zum Temperieren der Rostplatte 1 benützt und ist eine Flüssigkeit. Die Kühlflüssigkeit kann dabei zum Beispiel Wasser oder Öl oder eine andere zum Kühlen geeignete Flüssigkeit sein. Umgekehrt kann die Flüssigkeit aber auch zum Erwärmen der Rostplatte 1 eingesetzt werden. Je nach Wahl des Mediums kann dieses je nach Bedarf sowohl zum Kühlen wie auch zum Erwärmen, also ganz allgemein zum Temperieren der Rostplatte 1 eingesetzt werden. An der Rostplatten-Oberseite 2 und an der Rostplatten-Unterseite 3 befinden sich Öffnungen 8,9, wobei die Öffnungen 8 an der Oberseite 2 kleiner sind als die Öffnungen 9 an der Unterseite 3. Die auf der Rostplatten-Oberseite 2 und der Rostplatten-Unterseite 3 gegenüberliegenden Öffnungen 8,9 sind mit rohrförmigen Elementen 21, zum Beispiel konischen Rohren 21 mit einem runden, elliptischen oder schlitzförmigen Durchmesser, dicht miteinander verbunden, wobei jedes dieser Elemente 21 in die Rostplatten-Oberseite 2 und die Rostplatten-Unterseite 3 dicht eingeschweisst ist. Die so entstehenden trichterförmigen Durchführungen durch die Rostplatte 1 ermöglichen durch Anströmen mit Luft von der Rostplatten-Unterseite 3 her eine gezielte Belüftung des auf dem Rost liegenden Brenngutes. Hierzu werden an die einzelnen Mündungen der durchgehenden Rohre auf der Unterseite 3 der Rostplatte 1 Zufuhrrohre oder -Schläuche für die anzublasende Primärluft angeschlossen. Die hier gezeigte Rostplatte 1 hat einen solchen Querschnitt, dass auf der Oberseite 2 der Platte 1 eine weitgehend ebene Fläche 2 gebildet wird, auf welcher das Brenngut zu liegen bestimmt ist. Die untere Seite 3 weist Abkantungen auf, sodass gewissermassen Füsse 10,11 gebildet werden. Längs des einen Fusses 10, welcher hier einen Känel 12 enthält, verläuft im Innern dieses Känels 12 ein Rundstab 13, auf welchem die Rostplatte 1 hier aufliegt. Der andere Fuss 11 ist unten plan und dazu bestimmt, auf der benachbarten Rostplatte, welche von gleicher Form ist, aufzuliegen.To understand the method according to the invention First of all, the grate plate needed to exercise it will be easier as well as the combustion grate constructed from such grate plates described. There is a single one in FIG Grate plate 1 of such a combustion grate in perspective Representation shown. The example execution of the Grate plate 1 consists of two chrome steel sheets, namely from a shell for the grate top 2 and a bowl for the bottom of the grate plate 3. The two Sheet metal shells 2, 3 are welded together. For this are their edges advantageously shaped so that the two shells 2, 3 can be slipped together with their edges. The two end faces of the resulting hollow profile tightly welded with end plates. In the drawing is the rear end plate 4 inserted, while the front Face 5 is still free and insight into the inside of the Granted hollow profile. After closing both ends is inside the grate plate 1 to the outside sealed cavity formed. On both sides of the bottom of the grate plate 3 each have a connection piece 6.7 for connecting a supply and discharge line for a Grid plate 1 flowing medium. This medium will basically used for tempering the grate plate 1 and is a liquid. The coolant can, for example Water or oil or another suitable for cooling Be liquid. Conversely, the liquid can also can be used to heat the grate plate 1. Depending on your choice of the medium, this can be used for both cooling and also for warming up, in general for tempering the Grate plate 1 are used. On the top of the grate plate 2 and on the bottom of the grate plate 3 there are openings 8,9, the openings 8 on the upper side 2 being smaller than the openings 9 on the underside 3. The on the grate plate top 2 and the bottom of the grate plate 3 opposite Openings 8.9 are with tubular elements 21, for example conical tubes 21 with a round, elliptical or slit-shaped diameter, close together connected, each of these elements 21 in the grate plate top 2 and the underside of the grate plate 3 are welded tight is. The resulting funnel-shaped bushings through the grate plate 1 allow by inflow with Air from the grate bottom 3 a targeted Ventilation of the firing material lying on the grate. To do this to the individual mouths of the continuous pipes the bottom 3 of the grate plate 1 feed pipes or hoses connected for the primary air to be blown. This one shown grate plate 1 has such a cross section that on the top 2 of the plate 1 has a largely flat surface 2 is formed, on which the firing material is determined to lie is. The lower side 3 has bends, so to a certain extent Feet 10,11 are formed. Along one foot 10, which here contains a channel 12, runs inside this cannula 12 a round rod 13 on which the grate plate 1 rests here. The other foot 11 is flat and below determined on the neighboring grate plate, which of the same Form is to lie on.

In einer Variante kann eine solche Rostplatte auch aus einem vorgefertigten Hohlprofil bestehen, bei dem bloss noch die beiden Endseiten mit einem passenden Abschlussblech zugeschweisst werden. Die trichterförmigen durchgehenden Rohre können nachträglich eingeschweisst werden, indem auf der Oberseite entsprechend kleine Löcher ausgefräst oder ausgebohrt werden, und gegenüberliegend auf der Unterseite der Rostplatte entsprechend etwas grössere Löcher. Von der Seite der grösseren Löcher her können sodann trichterförmige Rohre oder Elemente durch die Rostplatte geschoben werden, die hernach dichtend mit der Rostplatten-Aussenseite verschweisst werden. Diese Rohre oder Elemente 21 werden deshalb konisch oder trichterförmig gewählt, weil damit ein Hängenbleiben eines allfälligen Rostdurchfalls in ihnen praktisch auszuschliessen ist, indem die Wandungen durch die Konizität gewissermassen überhängend sind. Anschliessend können die Mündungen mit der Rostplatten-Oberseite plangeschliffen werden. Unten können Anschlussrohre oder -schläuche an diese durchgehenden Rohre angeschraubt werden.In a variant, such a grate plate can also be made from one prefabricated hollow profile exist, in which only the welded to both ends with a suitable end plate become. The funnel-shaped continuous pipes can be welded in afterwards by using the Small holes milled or drilled out on top be, and opposite on the bottom of the Grate plate corresponding to somewhat larger holes. Of the page the larger holes can then be funnel-shaped tubes or elements are pushed through the grate plate afterwards sealed to the outside of the grate plate become. These tubes or elements 21 therefore become conical or chosen funnel-shaped because it sticks a possible rust diarrhea practically excluded in them is by the walls through the taper are somewhat overhanging. Then you can Mouths with the top of the grate plate are ground flat. At the bottom you can connect pipes or hoses to them through tubes are screwed.

Um die Hitzebeständigkeit einer solchen Rostplatte zu gewährleisten, eignet sich zum Beispiel ein Mangan-legiertes Blech von einer solchen Stärke, dass es gerade noch abkantbar ist, das heisst von einer Stärke in der Grössenordnung von etwa 10 Millimetern. Das Blech sollte zudem eine hinreichend gute Wärmeleitfähigkeit aufweisen, sodass keine grossen Temperaturdifferenzen innerhalb des Rostes auftreten können und so Spannungen in seinem Material vermieden werden. Ganz gleich, ob eine solche Rostplatte aus zwei Halbschalen oder mit Hohlprofilen gefertigt wird, sie ist in jedem Fall im Vergleich zur Stufe eines herkömmlichen Rostes, die ja aus einer Vielzahl von Roststäben besteht, bedeutend kostengünstiger herzustellen.To ensure the heat resistance of such a grate plate, For example, a manganese alloy sheet is suitable of such strength that it can just be folded over that is, of a magnitude of around 10 Millimeters. The sheet should also be a good enough one Have thermal conductivity, so that no large temperature differences can occur within the grate and so Tensions in its material can be avoided. No matter, whether such a grate plate made of two half-shells or with hollow profiles is manufactured, in any case it is compared to the level of a conventional grate, which consists of a large number of grate bars exists to manufacture significantly cheaper.

In Figur 2 ist eine Rostplatte teilweise aufgeschnitten gezeigt. Diese Rostplatte ist mittels eines Trennschotts 50 in zwei Kammern 51,52 unterteilt. Es handelt sich bei dieser Rostplatte um eine, die im ersten Teil eines Verbrennungsrostes eingebaut wird, in welchem nicht mit Primärluftzufuhr gearbeitet wird, weswegen die hier gezeigte Platte im Unterschied zu jener in Figur 1 keine rohrförmigen Elemente enthält und somit auch keine Öffnungen aufweist. Verbrennungsroste bestehen nämlich in der Regel aus drei bis fünf unterschiedlichen Zonen, welche je aus einer Anzahl mehrerer Rostplatten bestehen, wobei erst ab der zweiten Zone Primärluft zugeführt wird. Im Innern der beiden Kammern 51,52 sind Schikanen 53 eingebaut, welche unten dicht mit der Rostplatte verschweisst sind, auf der Oberseite hingegen einen Luftspalt von wenigen Zehntelsmillimeter zur Innenseite der Oberseite der Rostplatte offenlassen, damit durch diese Luftspalten ein Gasaustausch innerhalb des von den Schikanen 53 gebildeten Labyrinths stattfinden kann. Durch den Anschluss-Stutzen 6 wird ein Kühlmedium in die Rostplattenkammer 52 gepumpt, welches dann wie von den Pfeilen angezeigt durch das von den Schikanen 53 gebildete Labyrinth strömt und schliesslich durch den Stutzen 7 wieder aus der Kammer herausfliesst. Weil das Kühlmedium so während des Durchströmens eine grössere Fläche für die Wärmeaufnahme vorfindet, wird ein besserer Wärmeaustausch erzielt. Als Kühlmedium kann zum Beispiel Wasser verwendet werden. Im Innern der Kammer 51 sieht es genau gleich aus. Selbstverständlich kann eine solche Rostplatte mit innerem Labyrith jedoch auch von rohrförmigen Elementen durchsetzt sein, sodass Oeffnungen zum Einblasen von Primärluft vorhanden sind. An beiden seitlichen Rändern der Rostplatte sind Planken 54 angeordnet, längs welchen die beweglichen Rostplatten hin und her schieben. Im gezeigten Beispiel besteht jede Planke 54 aus zwei übereinanderliegenden Vierkantrohren 55,56, wobei die so gebildete Zwischenwand 57 an einem Ende verkürzt ist, sodass dort eine Verbindung zwischen dem Innern der beiden Vierkantrohre 55,56 gebildet wird. Von einem Anschluss 58 wird Kühlmedium durch die Planke 54 gepumpt, welches dann durch die beiden Vierkantrohre 55,56 strömt, wie das mit den Pfeilen angegeben ist, und schliesslich durch den Stutzen 59 wieder aus der Planke 54 herausströmt. Zwischen der Planke 54 und der Rostplatte kann ausserdem ein hier nicht gezeigtes Abschirmblech angeordnet sein, welches die Planke 54 auf der Seite der Verbrennungsplatte einfasst und als Verschleisselement wegen der zwischen Rostplatte und Planke auftretenden Reibung dient.In Figure 2, a grate plate is partially cut open shown. This grate plate is by means of a partition bulkhead 50 divided into two chambers 51, 52. It is this Grate plate around one in the first part of a combustion grate is installed in which not with primary air supply is worked, which is why the plate shown here differs contains no tubular elements to that in FIG and therefore has no openings. Combustion grates usually consist of three to five different ones Zones, each consisting of a number of several grate plates exist, with primary air only from the second zone is fed. There are baffles inside the two chambers 51, 52 53 installed, which is tight with the grate plate below are welded, but an air gap on the top from a few tenths of a millimeter to the inside of the top Leave the grate plate open so that it can pass through these air gaps Gas exchange within the baffle 53 formed Labyrinths can take place. Through the connector 6 a cooling medium is pumped into the grate plate chamber 52, which then as indicated by the arrows by that of the Baffles 53 formed labyrinth flows and finally flows out of the chamber through the nozzle 7. Because the cooling medium a larger as it flows through Finding area for heat absorption will be a better one Heat exchange achieved. As a cooling medium, for example Water can be used. It looks inside the chamber 51 exactly the same. Of course, such a grate plate with inner labyrith but also of tubular Elements are interspersed, so that openings for blowing of primary air are present. On both side edges Planks 54 are arranged on the grate plate, along which the Slide movable grate plates back and forth. In the shown For example, each plank 54 consists of two superimposed ones Square tubes 55.56, the partition thus formed 57 is shortened at one end so that there is a connection formed between the inside of the two square tubes 55.56 becomes. From a connection 58, cooling medium flows through the plank 54 pumped, which then through the two square tubes 55.56 flows as indicated by the arrows, and finally flows out of the plank 54 through the nozzle 59. In addition, between the plank 54 and the grate plate a shielding plate, not shown here, is arranged be the plank 54 on the combustion plate side borders and as a wear element because of the between Grate plate and plank used friction.

In Figur 3 ist ein schematischer Querschnitt durch einen Verbrennungsrost gezeigt, welcher aus einer Mehrzahl von Rostplatten besteht, wie sie eben beschrieben wurden. Figur 3a) und Figur 3b) zeigen dabei zwei unterschiedliche Momentaufnahmen im Betrieb dieses Verbrennungsrostes, dessen bewegliche Rostplatten Schürhübe ausführen. Diejenigen Rostplatten 14,15, die mit durchgezogenen Linien gezeichnet sind, bilden stationäre Rostplatten, während diejenigen Rostplatten 16,17, die mit schraffiertem Querschnitt gezeichnet sind, bewegliche Rostplatten darstellen. Diese beweglichen Rostplatten 16,17 können nun Schürhübe ausführen, indem sie sich wie mit den Pfeilen angegeben hin- und herbewegen. Der Antrieb erfolgt dabei über die Rundstäbe 13, welche auf Profilen 18 befestigt sind, die ihrerseits über einen mechanischen Antrieb hin und her bewegbar sind.In Figure 3 is a schematic cross section through a combustion grate shown, which consists of a plurality of grate plates exists as they have just been described. Figure 3a) and FIG. 3b) show two different snapshots in the operation of this combustion grate, its movable Carry out rusting strokes. Those grate plates 14, 15, which are drawn with solid lines stationary grate plates, while those grate plates 16, 17, which are drawn with a hatched cross section, movable Represent rust plates. These movable grate plates 16, 17 can now do strokes by doing as with the Move the arrows indicated to and fro. The drive takes place thereby over the round rods 13, which are attached to profiles 18 are, which in turn over a mechanical drive now and then are movable here.

In Figur 3a) sind alle Rostplatten in einer identischen Position. Die beweglichen Rostplatten 16 und 17 bewegen sich aus dieser Position wie mit den Pfeilen angegeben. Die Rostplatte 16 bewegt sich also nach rechts oben und schiebt mit ihrer Front 19 das Brenngut vor sich her. Das Material, welches bei diesem Vorschieben der Rostplatte 16 über die untere Rostplatte 14 von ihrer Frontseite 19 hergeschoben wird, wird dabei nach rechts gefördert. Je nach dem, ob es sich hier um einen Rückschub- oder um einen Vorschubrost handelt, wird das Material dadurch entgegen der allgemeinen Förderrichtung oder eben in allgemeiner Förderrichtung verschoben. Die nach rechts übernächste Rostplatte 17 ist ebenfalls eine bewegliche Rostplatte. Sie bewegt sich im Augenblick nach links und hat zuvor mit ihrem vorderen Fuss 11 die oberen Öffnungen der Primärluftzufuhr auf der unter ihr liegenden Rostplatte 15 überstrichen. Dieses Überstreichen der Öffnungen bewirkt einen Reinigungseffekt. In Figure 3a) all grate plates are in an identical position. The movable grate plates 16 and 17 move out this position as indicated by the arrows. The grate plate 16 moves to the top right and pushes with hers Front 19 of the kiln in front of you. The material that this advance of the grate plate 16 over the lower grate plate 14 is pushed here from its front 19 promoted to the right. Depending on whether this is a push-back or a feed grate, it will Material thereby contrary to the general direction of conveyance or just shifted in the general funding direction. The after on the right the next but one grate plate 17 is also a movable one Grate plate. She is moving left and right now previously has the upper openings of the front foot 11 Primary air supply on the grate plate 15 below it swept over. This painting over the openings causes a cleaning effect.

In Figur 3b) ist eine sich etwas später präsentierende Momentaufnahme gezeigt. Die Rostplatte 16 ist an ihrer obersten Position angelangt. Die nach rechts übernächste Rostplatte 17 ist inzwischen in ihrer untersten Position angelangt und ihr Fuss 11 liegt somit auf dem unteren Bereich der Oberseite der darunterliegenden Rostplatte 15 auf. Im nächsten Schürhub wird sich diese Rostplatte 17 in Richtung des angegebenen Pfeils verschieben und das Brenngut vor ihrer Front 20 herschieben.In Figure 3b) is a slightly later presented Snapshot shown. The grate plate 16 is at its top Position arrived. The grate plate next to the right 17 has now reached its lowest position and her foot 11 is thus on the lower part of the Top of the underlying grate plate 15. In the next Schürhub this grate plate 17 in the direction of move the indicated arrow and the firing material in front of it Slide front 20.

Der Verbrennungsrost wie in Figur 3 gezeigt ist in bezug auf die allgemeine Förderrichtung horizontal. Es handelt sich dabei um einen Vorschubrost, weil das Brenngut vom Rost beziehungsweise von den sich bewegenden Rostplatten, von denen jede zweite beweglich ist und Schürhübe ausführt, gefördert wird.The combustion grate as shown in FIG. 3 is related to FIG the general direction of conveyance is horizontal. It is about a moving grate because the firing material is from the grate or from the moving grate plates, from where every other person is mobile and does strokes, is promoted.

Eine andere Ausführung zeigt die Figur 4. Hier ist der Verbrennungsrost an sich identisch aus mehreren Verbrennungsrostplatten aufgebaut, bloss ist er jetzt auf eine Seite hin um etwa 25° geneigt. Daher schieben jetzt die Rostplatten mittels der von ihnen ausgeführten Schürhübe das Brenngut gegen die allgemeine Förderrichtung aufwärts. Dadurch wird erreicht, dass das Brenngut, welches infolge der Schwerkraft sich langsam auf dem Rost gegen abwärts bewegt, durch die Schürhübe stets wieder etwas zurückgeschoben und dabei umgelagert wird, was einer vollständigen Verbrennung förderlich ist. Grundsätzlich kann ein Verbrennungsrost aus solchen Rostplatten horizontal, abwärts oder auch aufwärts geneigt ausgeführt sein, je nach Bedarf.Another embodiment is shown in FIG. 4. Here is the combustion grate identical in itself from several combustion grate plates built up, only he is now on one side inclined by about 25 °. Therefore now slide the grate plates the firing material by means of the strokes they performed against the general direction of funding upwards. This will that the firing material, which is due to gravity moves slowly downwards on the grate through which Push strokes always pushed back a bit and relocated becomes what promotes complete combustion is. Basically, a combustion grate can be made from such Grate plates inclined horizontally, downwards or upwards be carried out as required.

Figur 5 zeigt schliesslich noch einen Zufuhr-Siphon 30, wie er unterhalb des Verbrennungsrostes zu jeder Primärluft-Zufuhrleitung montiert werden kann. Weil durch die kleinen Öffnungen in den Rostplatten unvermeidbar noch etwas Rostdurchfall nach unten fallen kann, fällt dieser Rostdurchfall in Form von feinpulvriger Schlacke in die Zufuhrleitungen für die Primärluft. Es ist daher nötig, solche Zufuhr-Siphons 30 vorzusehen, in welchen der Rostdurchfall aufgefangen wird, und gleichzeitig die ungehinderte kontinuierliche Luftzufuhr gewährleistet wird. Ein solcher Siphon ist unten zum Beispiel ähnlich der Form eines Erlenmeyerkolbens ausgeführt, wobei der Boden des Siphons durch eine federbelastete Klappe 31 verschlossen ist. Die Klappe 31 ist um ein Scharnier 32 schwenkbar und eine Feder 33 belastet mit ihrem einen Schenkel 34 die Klappe 31 von unten und mit dem anderen Schenkel 35 die Seitenwand des Siphons. Ein fest mit der Klappe 31 verbundener Betätigungshebel 36 ragt vom Scharnier 32 weg und befindet sich im Wirkungsbereich eines Solenoids 37. Dieser Elektromagnet vermag, wenn seine Spule 38 unter elektrische Spannung gesetzt wird, den Betätigungshebel 36 an seinen Kern 39 anzuziehen, wodurch die Klappe 31 geöffnet wird und der angesammelte Rostdurchfall 40 in eine darunterliegende Sammelmulde fällt. Im oberen Bereich des Siphons 30 führt die Primärluft-Zuleitung 41 in das Innere des Siphons 30. Diese Zuleitung führt abwärts geneigt in den Siphon, sodass unter keinen Umständen Rostdurchfall in diese Zuleitung fallen kann, denn diese muss nicht unbedingt ständig von einem kräftigen Luftstrom durchströmt sein. Der Hals 42 des Siphons ist über eine wärmebeständige flexible Leitung 43 mit der unteren Mündung eines einzelnes konischen Rohres verbunden, das durch eine Rostplatte 1 führt.FIG. 5 finally shows a feed siphon 30, such as he below the combustion grate to each primary air supply line can be assembled. Because through the little ones Openings in the grate plates inevitably some rust diarrhea this rust diarrhea falls in the form of finely powdered slag in the supply lines for the primary air. It is therefore necessary to supply such siphons 30 to provide in which the rust diarrhea is caught, and at the same time the unimpeded continuous air supply is guaranteed. Such a siphon is below, for example similar to the shape of an Erlenmeyer flask, where the bottom of the siphon through a spring-loaded flap 31 is closed. The flap 31 is around a hinge 32 pivotable and a spring 33 loaded with one leg 34 the flap 31 from below and with the other leg 35 the side wall of the siphon. A tight with the flap 31 connected operating lever 36 protrudes from the hinge 32 and is in the range of action of a solenoid 37. This Electromagnet is capable if its coil 38 is under electrical Tension is set, the operating lever 36 to its core 39 attract, whereby the flap 31 is opened and the accumulated rust diarrhea 40 in an underlying trough falls. In the upper area of the siphon 30 leads Primary air supply line 41 into the interior of the siphon 30. This The supply line is inclined downwards into the siphon so that it is below Under no circumstances fall rust rust into this supply line can, because this does not necessarily have to be constantly from a strong one Air flow. The neck 42 of the siphon is via a heat-resistant flexible line 43 with the lower one Mouth of a single conical tube connected by a grate plate 1 leads.

Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren kann jetzt mit einem aus derartigen Rostplatten 1 aufgebauten Verbrennungsrost ausgeübt werden. Als Medium zum Temperieren des Rostes werden Flüssigkeiten eingesetzt. Ziel des Verfahrens ist es dabei, die Temperatur des Rostes auf einem konstanten Niveau zu halten und dabei dessen Verschleiss erheblich zu reduzieren. Die Temperaturen sollen sich so im Bereich von bis zu etwa 150° bewegen, was eine geringe thermische Materialbelastung nach sich zieht und sich entsprechend positiv auf die mechanische Belastbarkeit und Verschleissfestigkeit der Rostplatten 1 auswirkt. Verfahrensgemäss kann das zum Temperieren eingesetzte Medium in einem Wärmeaustausch mit der zuzuführenden Primärluft stehen. Hierzu kann ein handelsüblicher Wärmetauscher eingesetzt werden, der nach dem Gegenstromprinzip arbeitet. Mittels eines solchen Wärmeaustauschers ist es etwa möglich, die Primärluft vorzuwärmen, was einer optimalen Verbrennung bei gewissen Brenngütern förderlich ist. Gerade bei organischen Müllbestandteilen, zum Beispiel bei angefaultem oder faulem Gemüse oder Früchten, ist eine Vorerwärmung der Primärluft sehr erwünscht, da sie die Verbrennung verbessert.The method according to the invention can now be carried out with one of such Grate plates 1 built combustion grate exercised become. Liquids are used as the medium for tempering the grate used. The aim of the process is to determine the temperature to keep the grate at a constant level and thereby significantly reducing its wear. The temperatures should move in the range of up to about 150 °, which results in a low thermal material load draws and accordingly positive on the mechanical Resilience and wear resistance of the grate plates 1 affects. According to the process, that used for tempering Medium in a heat exchange with the feed Primary air. A commercially available heat exchanger can be used for this can be used, the countercurrent principle is working. With such a heat exchanger it is about possible to preheat the primary air, resulting in optimal combustion is conducive to certain types of fuel. Especially with organic waste components, for example with rotten or rotten vegetables or fruits, is a preheating of the Primary air is very desirable because it improves combustion.

Andrerseits ist es auch möglich, in umgekehrter Richtung des Wärmeflusses den Verbrennungsrost zu wärmen, etwa zum Anfahren eines Verbrennungsprozesses, um den Rost so rasch wie möglich auf die optimale Betriebstemperatur zu fahren. Hierzu kann das Temperiermedium die Wärme von der Abluft der bereits erfolgenden Verbrennung aufnehmen, und sodann in die Rostplatten des Verbrennungsrostes einbringen.On the other hand, it is also possible in the opposite direction of the Heat flow to heat the combustion grate, for example for starting a combustion process to rust as quickly as possible to drive to the optimal operating temperature. For this the temperature control medium can already remove the heat from the exhaust air absorb the incineration, and then into the grate plates of the combustion grate.

Ein zweiter, ebenso bedeutungsvoller Teil des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens besteht darin, dass das Brenngut optimal mit Primärluft versorgt wird, sodass dessen Heizwert bestmöglich ausgenützt wird und seine Verbrennung so vollständig wie möglich erfolgt. Hierzu wird das Temperaturspektrum im Feuerraum oberhalb des Verbrennungsrostes mittels einer Vielzahl von Temperatur-Mess-Sonden ermittelt. Diese Messsonden können durchaus auch in der Oberfläche der Rostplatten eingebaut sein. Andrerseits aber kann das Temperaturspektrum auch mittels eines Pyrometers ermittelt werden. Durch die gezielte Dosierung der Primärluftzufuhr für jede einzelne Zufuhrleitung, von denen es im erfindungsgemässen Verbrennungsrost eine grosse Anzahl gibt, gelingt es, das aktuelle Temperaturspektrum im Feuerraum annähernd an das optimale Spektrum heranzufahren. Zur individuellen Steuerung der Primärluftzufuhr für jede Zuleitung können zum Beispiel Magnetventile in den Zuleitungen eingesetzt werden, welche von einem zentralen Mikroprozessor gesteuert werden, in welchem das optimale gewählte Feuerraum-Temperaturspektrum abspeicherbar ist. Durch das ständige Messen des realen Spektrums und Vergleichen mit dem idealen Spektrum kann ein Regelkreis gebildet werden, wonach die einzelnen Magnetventile individuell ganz fein dosiert etwas mehr oder weniger geöffnet werden und Primärluft durch die einzelnen Zufuhrleitungen strömen lassen. Die Primärluftversorgung erfolgt über einen oder mehrere leistungsfähige Kompressoren oder Ventilatoren.A second, just as significant part of the inventive The procedure is that the firing material is optimal is supplied with primary air so that its calorific value is as good as possible is exploited and its combustion as complete as possible. For this, the temperature spectrum in the combustion chamber above the combustion grate using a variety determined by temperature measuring probes. These probes can built into the surface of the grate plates his. On the other hand, the temperature spectrum can also be determined using of a pyrometer can be determined. Through the targeted Dosage of the primary air supply for each individual supply line, of which it is in the combustion grate according to the invention there is a large number, the current temperature spectrum succeeds in the furnace almost to the optimal spectrum drive up. For individual control of the primary air supply for each supply line, for example, solenoid valves in the feed lines are used, which from a central Microprocessor can be controlled in which the optimal selected combustion chamber temperature spectrum can be saved. By constantly measuring the real spectrum and comparing a control loop can be formed with the ideal spectrum be, according to which the individual solenoid valves individually completely finely dosed a little more or less open and primary air let it flow through the individual supply lines. The primary air supply is via one or more powerful compressors or fans.

Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren ermöglicht eine stark verbesserte Verbrennung und somit eine bessere Ausnützung der Heizwerte der verschiedenen Brenngüter. Durch das Temperieren und insbesondere durch das Kühlen der Rostplatten lässt sich eine erhebliche Steigerung der Standzeiten der Verbrennungsroste erzielen. Der erfindungsgemässe Verbrennungsrost ist in seiner Herstellung mit einzelnen Rostplatten einfach und viel kostengünstiger als herkömmliche Verbrennungsroste, die aus einer Vielzahl gegeneinander beweglicher Roststäbe bestehen, die überdies einem hohen mechanischen und thermischen Verschleiss ausgesetzt sind. Zum Beispiel fällt die problematische Dilatation durch die Konstanthaltung der Temperatur auf einem vergleichsweise tiefen Niveau praktisch weg und somit erübrigen sich die bisher aufwendigen Massnahmen zum Ausgleich dieser wärmebedingten Dilatationen. Schliesslich ist zu erwähnen, dass mit dem Einsatz derartiger Verbrennungsroste der Rostdurchfall stark reduziert wird, da nur noch kleine, dafür viele Zufuhröffnungen für die gezielt eingesetzte Primärluft vorhanden sind, die ausserdem zumeist relativ stark durchströmt werden, sodass ein grösserer Rostdurchfall praktisch kaum auftritt.The method according to the invention enables a greatly improved Combustion and thus better use of the calorific values of the various fuel items. By tempering and one can in particular by cooling the grate plates considerable increase in the service life of the combustion grates achieve. The combustion grate according to the invention is in its Production with individual grate plates easy and a lot less expensive than conventional combustion grates made from there are a large number of grate bars which can be moved relative to one another, which also have high mechanical and thermal wear are exposed. For example, the problematic falls Dilatation by keeping the temperature constant practically away from a comparatively low level and thus there is no need for the previously complex measures to compensate of these heat-related dilations. Finally is to mention that with the use of such grates the rust diarrhea is greatly reduced because only small, but many feed openings for the specifically used Primary air is available, which is also mostly relative are strongly flowed through, so that a larger rust diarrhea practically hardly occurs.

Claims (8)

  1. Combustion grate for the combustion of refuse consisting of a plurality of grate stages which move in relation to each other, consisting of a plurality of grate plates (14-17) which outwardly generally have the shape of a board, are made of sheet metal and form a hollow element with an upperside and an underside (2,3) and on one side of the underside (3) have at least one pipe connection (6) and on the other side of the underside (3) have at least one discharge pipe connection (7) for the supply and discharge of a liquid medium to flow through them to temper them, whereby these grate plates (14-17) extending in their longitudinal direction over the entire width of the combustion grate, thus each forming a full grate stage, whereby this grate stage overlaps and rests on the next neighbouring grate stage in or counter to the transportation direction of the grate.
  2. The combustion grate of claim 1, characterized in that every second grate plate (16,17) is connected to a mechanical drive by means of which it can be moved to and fro relative to the stationary grate plates (14,15) of the neighbouring grate stages to generate a scraping stroke in the downward line of its inclination.
  3. The combustion grate of claim 2, characterized in that the combustion grate is a reverse feed type grate or a forward feed type grate and is horizontally, upwardly or downwardly inclined relative to the transportation direction of the combustion material.
  4. The combustion grate of one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the tubes which pass through it for supplying primary air and which open out underneath the combustion grate are connected underneath the grate to supply air siphons (30), through which the primary air can be pumped to the grate, and in that at the bottom of each of these siphons (30) there is a flap (31) which can be operated by remote control by means of a solenoid (37) to discharge the material (40) that falls through the grate into them.
  5. The combustion grate of one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the grate plates (1) are mounted to the sides on planks (54) through the inside of which a cooling medium can flow.
  6. A method for the combustion of refuse on a combustion grate through the inside of which flows a liquid which tempers the combustion grate, and which is pierced by a plurality of holes formed by sections of tubes which pass through it, through which air is supplied to the fire from underneath the combustion grate, characterized in that the refuse is combusted on a thrust combustion grate consisting of several grate stages executing scraper movements relative to each other, made up of hollow grate plates (1;14-17) through which a liquid flows and which extend over the entire width of the grate, and in that the primary air supplied to each hole (8) is individually dosed.
  7. The method of claim 6, characterized in that the primary air supply is controlled via a microprocessor which controls the air supply to each individual hole (8) in the combustion grate depending on the temperature detected in the region of the particular hole (8) in such a manner that the combustion chamber temperature spectrum comes close to a presettable temperature spectrum.
  8. The method of one of claims 6 to 7, characterized in that the tempering medium is in heat exchange via a heat exchanger with the supply of primary air and/or with the exhaust combustion air.
EP93810393A 1993-04-20 1993-06-01 Method for the combustion of refuse on a combustion grate as well as combustion grate for carrying out the method Expired - Lifetime EP0621449B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1231/93 1993-04-20
CH123193 1993-04-20
CH1231/93A CH684118A5 (en) 1993-04-20 1993-04-20 Burning sweepings on combustion grill - individually dosing prim. air through separate tubes extending whole length underneath grill

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0621449A1 EP0621449A1 (en) 1994-10-26
EP0621449B1 EP0621449B1 (en) 1995-08-09
EP0621449B2 true EP0621449B2 (en) 2000-06-28

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93810393A Expired - Lifetime EP0621449B2 (en) 1993-04-20 1993-06-01 Method for the combustion of refuse on a combustion grate as well as combustion grate for carrying out the method

Country Status (16)

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US (1) US5673636A (en)
EP (1) EP0621449B2 (en)
JP (1) JP2935752B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100283946B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1105871C (en)
AT (1) ATE126342T1 (en)
AU (1) AU6422694A (en)
CA (1) CA2138666C (en)
CH (1) CH684118A5 (en)
CZ (1) CZ282274B6 (en)
DE (2) DE59300462D1 (en)
DK (1) DK0621449T4 (en)
ES (1) ES2080601T5 (en)
FR (1) FR2704303B3 (en)
NO (1) NO302436B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1994024487A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2704303A3 (en) 1994-10-28
DK0621449T3 (en) 1995-12-18
EP0621449A1 (en) 1994-10-26
CH684118A5 (en) 1994-07-15
EP0621449B1 (en) 1995-08-09
CN1107282A (en) 1995-08-23
CA2138666C (en) 2007-12-04
DK0621449T4 (en) 2000-10-02
CN1105871C (en) 2003-04-16
KR100283946B1 (en) 2001-09-17
JP2935752B2 (en) 1999-08-16
DE59300462D1 (en) 1995-09-14
CZ282274B6 (en) 1997-06-11
DE9309198U1 (en) 1993-08-19
JPH07508829A (en) 1995-09-28
WO1994024487A1 (en) 1994-10-27
ES2080601T5 (en) 2000-11-16
ES2080601T3 (en) 1996-02-01
NO932063D0 (en) 1993-06-07
NO932063L (en) 1994-10-21
CZ320294A3 (en) 1995-06-14
ATE126342T1 (en) 1995-08-15
NO302436B1 (en) 1998-03-02
AU6422694A (en) 1994-11-08
FR2704303B3 (en) 1995-03-31
US5673636A (en) 1997-10-07
CA2138666A1 (en) 1994-10-27

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