EP0500874A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum vergasen von vergasungsstoffen und/oder zum reformieren eines gases - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zum vergasen von vergasungsstoffen und/oder zum reformieren eines gasesInfo
- Publication number
- EP0500874A1 EP0500874A1 EP91915925A EP91915925A EP0500874A1 EP 0500874 A1 EP0500874 A1 EP 0500874A1 EP 91915925 A EP91915925 A EP 91915925A EP 91915925 A EP91915925 A EP 91915925A EP 0500874 A1 EP0500874 A1 EP 0500874A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- reactor
- particles
- gas
- combustion chamber
- heater
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims description 49
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 175
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 natural gas Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011872 intimate mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/54—Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
- C10J3/56—Apparatus; Plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/06—Continuous processes
- C10J3/12—Continuous processes using solid heat-carriers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/1836—Heating and cooling the reactor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/24—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
- B01J8/44—Fluidisation grids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/22—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
- C01B3/24—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons
- C01B3/28—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons using moving solid particles
- C01B3/30—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons using moving solid particles using the fluidised bed technique
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/42—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts using moving solid particles
- C01B3/44—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts using moving solid particles using the fluidised bed technique
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/482—Gasifiers with stationary fluidised bed
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/50—Fuel charging devices
- C10J3/503—Fuel charging devices for gasifiers with stationary fluidised bed
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/54—Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/80—Other features with arrangements for preheating the blast or the water vapour
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00026—Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system
- B01J2208/00035—Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system involving measured parameters
- B01J2208/00088—Flow rate measurement
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
- B01J2208/00265—Part of all of the reactants being heated or cooled outside the reactor while recycling
- B01J2208/00274—Part of all of the reactants being heated or cooled outside the reactor while recycling involving reactant vapours
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00327—Controlling the temperature by direct heat exchange
- B01J2208/00336—Controlling the temperature by direct heat exchange adding a temperature modifying medium to the reactants
- B01J2208/0038—Solids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00477—Controlling the temperature by thermal insulation means
- B01J2208/00495—Controlling the temperature by thermal insulation means using insulating materials or refractories
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/0053—Controlling multiple zones along the direction of flow, e.g. pre-heating and after-cooling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
- C10J2200/152—Nozzles or lances for introducing gas, liquids or suspensions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/093—Coal
- C10J2300/0936—Coal fines for producing producer gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0983—Additives
- C10J2300/0993—Inert particles, e.g. as heat exchange medium in a fluidized or moving bed, heat carriers, sand
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
- C10J2300/1246—Heating the gasifier by external or indirect heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
- C10J2300/1807—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for gasifying liquid and / or fine-grained solid gasifying substances and / or for reforming a gas with the addition of a gasifying agent according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the invention further relates to a device for carrying out the method according to the preamble of claim 18 and a high-temperature heat exchanger, in particular for this device, according to the preamble of claim 28 and 36.
- a known method for gasifying a fine-grained gasifying agent and / or for reforming a gas containing carbon dioxide into a gas containing carbon monoxide
- the reactor is heated to the heat required for the chemical reaction to take place in one closed circuit guided, and heated outside the reactor, fine-grained heat transfer particles fed.
- a good distribution of the particles in the reactor and thus a good heat transfer between the particles and the gasifying agent is aimed at in the case of particles conveyed in countercurrent by arranging the reactor horizontally and rotating it about its longitudinal axis. Particles reaching the bottom of the reactor are lifted by the rotation and then due to their weight to the reactor bottom.
- the particles consist of metals or metal oxides and have a grain size of approximately 1 to 5 mm. Ash that is discharged via the particles is separated before the particles are returned to the heater, for example by sieving or a magnetic separation of ash constituents.
- the heater provided for heating the particles likewise has a heater cylinder rotating about its longitudinal axis; the supply of heat to the heater has not been discussed.
- the particles heated in the heater are returned to the heater within the closed circuit after they exit the reactor via a coking device or an air preheater. In the gasification of dusty gasification substances, they can, in a manner not further described, assume a floating state within the reactor.
- heatable particles that can be fluidized are heat-resistant particles, for example made of aluminum oxide with a particle size in the range from 50 to 50C ⁇ m. Gasification of liquid or solid gasifying substances is not provided.
- the particles circulating in a closed circuit initially absorb heat from combustion gas generated in the combustion chamber in the heater and in the combustion chamber. There are the particles in both the heater and the burner. • always, above a grate, in a fluidized bed formed with the combustion gas.
- the invention has for its object to develop a generic method so that heat absorption by the particles and heat release to gasifying substances and / or gases and gasifying agents to be reformed in the reactor is possible in an effective, simple and reliable manner.
- the invention is further based on the object of making available a generic device for carrying out the method with a high-temperature heat exchanger, which has a relatively simple, wear-resistant and reliable construction, and enables heat exchange with high efficiency.
- the object is achieved by the method according to claim 1, by the device according to claim 18 and by the heat exchanger according to claim 28.
- the particles and the combustion gas form a fluidized bed above at least one grate arranged in the heater, an intimate mixture between the particles and the combustion gas results in a good heat exchange within the heater.
- the heat exchange or the heating of the particles to the required temperature of 1250 ° C. takes place in a fluidized bed of the heater, the lower part of which is designed as a combustion chamber in which the combustion gases have a temperature of 1350 ° C. to 1500 ° C. exhibit.
- the particles heated in the heater and in the combustion chamber get out of the combustion chamber into an overflow pipe upper part of the reactor.
- the throughput through the overflow pipe forms a seal which prevents product gas arising in the reactor from passing through.
- the particles entering the reactor form there with the gasification substance and / or the gas to be reformed a number of fluidized beds corresponding to the number of grids; this ensures a good heat exchange which increases the effectiveness of the process in the reactor.
- the throughput of the particles through the overflow tube is advantageously adjustable, so that the process sequence can be influenced in a simple manner by changing the particles supplied to the reactor and thus also the amount of heat.
- agglomerated and / or ash-laden particles can be removed from the combustion chamber via a closable drain pipe.
- an inert control gas can be supplied to a section adjacent to an outlet opening of the overflow pipe via control nozzles in order to increase the throughput speed through the overflow pipe via an injection effect.
- the heat supply to the reactor and thus the process sequence can be influenced in a simple manner by changing the throughput speed through the overflow tube.
- Fine-grained hard coal, lignite, peat, charcoal or biomass can be used as solid gasification substances and / or light or heavy hydrocarbons and alcohols can be used as liquid gasification substances.
- H 2 O and CO 2 -containing substances such as, for example, can be used as gasifying agents
- Gaseous hydrocarbons such as natural gas, can be used as the gas to be reformed.
- the combustion gases in the combustion chamber reach a temperature of approximately 1350 ° C. to 1500 ° C.
- an overpressure is formed in the reactor compared to the heater or the air preheater.
- the overpressure ensures in a simple manner that no oxygen-containing hot combustion gases can get into the reactor from the combustion chamber, which could lead to combustion which jeopardizes operational safety. In a corresponding manner, preheated combustion air is prevented from flowing into the reactor.
- particles with an essentially spherical shape with a diameter in a range from approximately 0.5 mm to 3 mm are used.
- the particles preferably consist of an oxide, for example aluminum oxide.
- the heater, combustion chamber and reactor are in the each arranged in the vertical direction. This ensures in a simple manner that particles can be conveyed within the individual containers, supported by their gravity; it is therefore not necessary that, for example, a heater or reactor for conveying the particles is rotated. By arranging the individual containers accordingly, it is also possible to enable the particles to be conveyed by gravity between individual containers.
- the heater according to the invention is arranged directly adjacent to the combustion chamber above it and has at least one grate and a distributor for the particles in its upper region ensures in a simple manner that particles are uniformly distributed in the heater get into the combustion chamber due to their gravity.
- the grids can be made of stainless steel in an area further away from the combustion chamber;
- grates arranged adjacent to the combustion chamber are constructed from ceramic elements. For an advantageous design of thin-layer fluidized beds with a height of about 100 mm above a grate, it is advantageous that the grates have an essentially flat surface which is essentially retained even after thermal expansion has occurred.
- the ceramic elements can be designed to interlock and be supported against one another and / or against an outer wall of the heater by means of springs.
- the formation of the grate from ceramic elements or stainless steel also means that despite the formation of fluidized beds within which the particles are moved at high speed, the wear of the grate is low.
- the fact that fuel nozzles distributed over the circumference in a lower region of the combustion chamber and combustion air nozzles distributed underneath over the circumference ensure distribution and flow of the resulting combustion gas such that the part in the combustion chamber with the combustion gas creates a vortex form a layer.
- the inlet opening of the overflow pipe is arranged in the area of the fuel nozzles. This arrangement ensures that sufficient particles continuously enter the overflow tube from the fluidized bed formed in the combustion chamber, form a seal there against the product gas generated in the reactor and supply heat to the reactor to a sufficient extent.
- the inlet opening can be widened in funnel shape at least in some areas.
- the outlet opening of the overflow pipe protruding into the upper region of the reactor is associated with a spacing device for distributing the particles.
- the distribution device formed, for example, from a baffle plate leads to a uniform distribution of the hot particles entering the reactor.
- the reactor is assigned an entry chamber which is connected to it via at least one entry line and which has a lower chamber with a connection line for a conveying gas and an above the lower chamber which is separated from the latter by a porous intermediate wall has an upper chamber with a connecting line for gasification material.
- a diaphragm is assigned to the overflow tube as a distribution device and / or a distributor plate which can be acted upon via the outlet opening or the diaphragm.
- the arrangement of the aperture ensures that the particles flowing out of the outlet opening are branched into a main portion passing through the aperture and a deflected smaller portion. This results in a good distribution of the particles in the upper region of the reactor.
- the distribution can be further improved by arranging a distributor plate so that it is acted upon by the main part of the particles flowing through the diaphragm.
- At least one control nozzle connected to a control gas line is assigned in a region of the overflow tube adjacent to the outlet opening.
- the throughput of the particles through the overflow tube can be changed in a simple manner to influence the process sequence.
- the heater and reactor are thus high-temperature heat exchangers which, through the formation of their grids with a simple, wear-resistant and reliable construction, enable heat exchange with high efficiency.
- This high Temperature heat exchanger can be used not only as part of the device according to the invention, but also universally.
- FIG. 3 shows a plan view of a region of the grate according to FIG. 2,
- FIGS. 2 and 3 shows a support element for a grate according to FIGS. 2 and 3,
- FIG. 5 shows a longitudinal section of an arrangement in front of cover elements for a grate along the line V-V according to FIG. 3,
- FIG. 7 shows a longitudinal section of a cover element according to line VII-VII according to FIG. 6,
- FIG. 8 shows a diagram for a particle flow through a grate as a function of a gas velocity
- Fig. 9 shows a section through the lower region of a
- Combustion chamber and the upper region of a reactor of a device according to FIG. 1, and 10 shows a section through the lower region of the reactor and an associated entry chamber for the device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the device shown in FIG. 1 for carrying out the method according to the invention for gasifying liquid and / or fine-grained solid gasifying substances and / or for reforming a gas with the addition of a gasifying agent has a reactor 1 arranged essentially vertically in the middle of the device.
- a container-shaped heater 5 is arranged above the reactor 1, the lower area of which is designed as a combustion chamber 3. So that, in the manner described below, heated heat transfer medium particles can get into the reactor 1 in the heater 5 and the combustion chamber 3, an overflow pipe 7 runs from the lower region of the combustion chamber 3 into the upper region of the reactor 1 (FIG. 9).
- a storage container (not shown) is provided for the storage and charging of gasification substances, from which, for example, solid, fine-grained gasification substances are metered into an entry chamber 11 arranged below the reactor, which is connected to the lower area of the reactor 1 via a large number of entry pipes 9. that is.
- gasification substances for example, solid, fine-grained gasification substances are metered into an entry chamber 11 arranged below the reactor, which is connected to the lower area of the reactor 1 via a large number of entry pipes 9. that is.
- seven inlet tubes 9 are provided, of which a row with three inlet tubes 9 can be seen in FIG. 10.
- An air preheater 13 is arranged below the reactor 1 and is connected to the reactor 1 via a return line 15. In a manner corresponding to that of the combustion chamber 3 and the heater 5, the reactor 1 and the air preheater 13 are each designed as containers and fastened to a support frame, designated overall by 17.
- REPLACEMENT LEAF This is designed as a steel structure and has, for example, four longitudinal columns, of which the two front 19, 21 are visible in FIG. 1. At different heights, the longitudinal columns 19, 21 are connected to one another via cross struts 23.
- the support frame 17 is firmly anchored in a manner not shown via a foundation to a floor area 18.
- fuel nozzles 25 for supplying fuel are arranged in the lower region of the combustion chamber 3 in two adjacent, horizontal planes over the circumference of the combustion chamber 3. Fuel nozzles 25 arranged in one plane are offset in the circumferential direction in relation to the fuel nozzles 25 arranged in the adjacent plane. Combustion air nozzles 26 are also arranged below and adjacent to the fuel nozzles 25 in a plane distributed over the circumference. The distribution of the fuel nozzles 25 and the combustion air nozzles 26 on the circumference is such that, in the present case, each combustion nozzle 25 is assigned a combustion air nozzle 26.
- the fuel nozzles 25 and the combustion air nozzles 26 are each arranged in the same way running in the radial direction and protrude beyond the wall of the combustion chamber 3 into the interior thereof.
- the nozzles 25, 26 each have an obliquely downward, radially inward end face 25 'or 26'.
- Fuel of the most varied type can be fed continuously to the combustion chamber 3 via the fuel nozzles 25.
- top gas can be burned, for example.
- liquid fuels, fine-grained coal, charcoal or biomass can also be burned.
- the combustion air is preheated in the air preheater 13 and from there to the combustion chamber 3 via a combustion Air supply line 31 supplied. This opens into an annular chamber 31 ', which is formed between an outer wall 3' of the combustion chamber 3 and an inner wall 32 opposite this at a distance. Both walls 3 1 , 32 have a funnel-shaped taper towards the bottom of the combustion chamber 3.
- combustion air nozzles 26 In order for the combustion air nozzles 26 to be acted upon uniformly, they are each opened in relation to the annular chamber 31 ′.
- hot combustion gases with a temperature of approximately 1350 ° C. to 1500 ° C. can be generated in the combustion chamber 3.
- These combustion gases flow from the combustion chamber 3 into the heater 5 at a suitably predeterminable speed, which they leave as exhaust gas via a gas outlet 33 at its upper end at a temperature of approximately 350 ° C. in the present exemplary embodiment.
- These exhaust gases can optionally be supplied in a further preheater (not shown), for example for generating steam as a gasifying agent or for drying solid fuels, and subsequently to an exhaust gas cleaning system which is also not shown.
- the heater 5 is divided by five grids 34a to 34e which run essentially horizontally and evenly; the distance between adjacent grids is essentially the same.
- the heater 5 and the combustion chamber 3 are lined with refractory material in a manner not shown; water-cooled wall elements can also be used.
- heat transfer particles are supplied via a distributor 41, which is arranged below the gas outlet 33 and above the grate 34e.
- the particles consisting of a hard, essentially abrasion-resistant material, for example aluminum oxide, are supplied to the distributor 41 via a conveyor line 43 which extends from the bottom region of the support frame 17 essentially in the vertical direction.
- the particles are fed to the conveying line 43 by a pneumatic conveying device 40; the latter can be supplied with compressed air via a compressed air connection 54 by a blower (not shown). It is also possible to convey the particles to the distributor, for example, by means of conveyor belts provided with conveyor blades or by means of a screw conveyor.
- the heater 5 is charged with particles substantially uniformly via the distributor 41 with a plurality of distributor plates or tubes which extend in a star shape. These have a diameter in the range from about 0.5 mm to 3 mm and an essentially spherical shape, it being possible, if appropriate, to classify them by means of a suitable classification so that the proportion of non-spherically shaped, flat particles is small. In order to achieve a high degree of efficiency for the heat supply from the combustion gas to the particles, these are fluidized by the combustion gas above one or more of the grates 34a to 34e in such a way that thin fluidized beds with a height of approximately 100 mm above the Form grids. Spherical particles are particularly well suited for the formation of such thin fluidized beds.
- the intimate mixing between the particles and the combustion gas in the thin fluidized beds above the grates 34a to 34e enables good absorption of heat by the particles, so that they have a short residence time of about 1 to 2 minutes per fluidized bed and one short throughput time through the heater 5, starting from a temperature of approximately 200 ° C., at which the particles are fed in via the distributor 41, are heated to a temperature of approximately 1250 ° C.
- the particles can pass from one of the grids 34e, 34d, 34c, 34b to an adjacent area of the heater 5, which is delimited by an underlying grate, or from the grate 34a to the combustion chamber 3 via a plurality of grates 34a to 34e assigned overflow tubes 37 (FIG. 5). This is described below in connection with the construction of the grids.
- the particles can be further heated directly in the combustion chamber 3 by the combustion gas generated there, which has a temperature of approximately 1350 ° C. to 1500 ° C.
- the arrangement of the fuel nozzles 25 and the combustion air 26 leads to a flow of the resulting combustion gas in such a way that a fluidized bed is formed within the combustion chamber 3, in which the particles located in the combustion chamber 3 are essentially completely absorbed.
- the fluidized bed formed in the combustion chamber 3 corresponds to a boiling or bubbling fluidized bed in which the density of the fluidized bed is relatively low and in which the particles are set in rapid motion.
- the fluidized bed formed in the combustion chamber 3 also leads to the particles, by contact with the fuel nozzles 25, the combustion air nozzles 26 and the wall 3 of the combustion chamber 3, settling in an otherwise possible manner or prevent ash from sticking.
- a grate 34e made of stainless steel can be used, which has a sufficiently high heat resistance and wear resistance. has.
- the grids 34a, 34b for example, from a heat-resistant ceramic material.
- the use of hexagonal ceramic elements which are supported against one another and which are biased against one another and overall against the outer wall of the heater 5 via springs has proven to be advantageous, so that thermal expansion can be compensated for. This can ensure that the grids maintain their flat shape or their horizontal position even in the heated state.
- Each of the elements has at least one through opening through which the combustion gas can flow.
- each of the ceramic elements is designed in two parts, each with a support element 35, 35 ', 35' 'and 35' '' (FIG. 2 and FIG. 4) made of a ceramic material and one each assigned to a support element Cover element 36 ', 36' • (Fig. 3 and Fig. 5)
- the support elements 35 to 35 ′′ ′′ have a prism-shaped shape with a hexagonal base area and a central through opening 351.
- each has alternately adjacent side walls each with the same spacing from each other, essentially horizontally running holding lugs 352 and holding receptacles 353.
- Support elements of different heights are, as can be seen from FIG. 2, arranged such that support elements 35 of the lowest height are arranged in a central region. This is followed in the radially outward direction by essentially concentric areas with support elements 35 ', 35 "and 35"'', each with stepped heights, with all support elements 35 to 35'"being arranged such that their upper end faces are in one common level.
- the supporting part of the gratings has an arch-like structure, which leads to good load-bearing behavior and a reduction in weight.
- the radially outward-lying supporting elements 35 1 ' 1 protrude into a receptacle lined with refractory material 355 in the wall 354.
- the radially outward support elements 35 1 ' 1 are adjoined by intermediate elements 356 which cooperate with them and which in their entirety result in a substantially cylindrical outer surface.
- the springs 358 can each be formed by a plurality of plate springs assigned to one another or by correspondingly designed coil springs. By springs 358 the carrying elements 35, 35 ', 35''and 35 *''are subjected to radial forces directed radially inwards essentially uniformly. Thus, for a good interlocking of holding lugs 352 and holding receptacles 353, mutually adjacent holding elements 35, 35 ', 35''and35' • 'are pressed against each other.
- the individual support elements 35 to 35 1 ′′ differ only in terms of their height, it is possible in a simple manner to produce support elements from a ceramic material using the same basic structure.
- the hexagon-shaped design of the support elements 35 to as 1 ′′ furthermore makes it possible for through-openings 351 of relatively large diameter to be formed, which leads to a relatively small wall thickness of the support elements and thus a reduction in weight. It is thus possible for a portion of the grate constructed in this way to be formed over 50% as an opening area consisting of the totality of the through openings 351.
- a rigid Ordering grates can therefore save weight in the range of 70% to 90%.
- a prestressing force of approximately 2 kP / cm 2 is applied to the outer circumference via the springs 358.
- a uniformly distributed increase in the pretensioning force to approximately 5 kP / cm 2 has proven to be particularly advantageous for carrying out the method with temperature increases and the resulting thermal expansions relating to the support elements 35 to 35 '' *.
- This prestressing force is safely below the pressure limit given for the refractory material. Since the refractory material is constantly kept under a substantially uniform pressure, cracking during cooling is largely avoided.
- the side edges 361 form an incline accessible from above, while side edges 362 form an incline from above
- REPLACEMENT LEAF bevel that is not accessible and forms an undercut.
- the surface formed by the cover elements 36 ', 36'' is flat to the extent necessary for the formation of a fluidized bed. Da ⁇ by that the cover elements 36 ', 36''with respect to a transmission of load capacities or. If thermal expansions or thermal stresses are decoupled from the support elements 35 to 35 ′′, the surface of a grate constructed in this way remains flat even when such loads occur.
- the cover elements 36 ' which, like the cover elements 36 ′′ and the support elements 35 to 35 ′′ ′′, are made from a ceramic material, have a central through opening 363 in the present case and, at a radial distance therefrom, six further through openings 364 with essentially the same - chem diameter on.
- cover elements 36 ′′ are in each case firmly connected to an overflow pipe 37 guided through a central through opening 363.
- Such cover elements 36 ′′ which, like the cover elements 36 ′ may have through openings 364, are alternately arranged with cover elements 36 ′ such that, for example, every fifth to tenth cover element 36 has a cover element 36 connected to an overflow pipe 37 '' is.
- the weight of the overflow pipes 37 results in an adequate anchoring of the cover elements 36 ′′ and, over the mutually overlapping side edges 361, 362, overall there is sufficient anchoring of the arranged cover elements 36 ′, 36 ′′.
- combustion gas flows from the combustion chamber 3 via the through openings 351 and 363 and 364 into the area above the grate.
- the speed of the combustion gases V ⁇ has a value which is sufficient to keep the particles supplied via the distributor 41 in a fluidized bed of high turbulence; a fluidized bed is formed by such a movement of these particles above the grates 34a to 34d.
- Particles are transported from an area above a grate to an area below the grate via the overflow pipes 37 assigned to the cover elements 36 '*.
- each overflow pipe 37 has one above the cover element 36'. 'and thus the inlet area 371 of larger diameter located on the grate.
- the end of the overflow pipe 37 opposite the inlet region 371 has an end wall 372 with a central outlet opening 373.
- the outlet opening 373 thus has a diameter d A which is smaller than the inlet region 371 and also the diameter d ⁇ of the overflow pipe 37.
- the particles have a density within a fluidized bed which generally exceeds that of the gas flowing through the grate in countercurrent to the particles by 1000 times.
- particles move through the openings 363 and 364 of the cover elements 36 'as well as the openings 364 and the respective overflow pipe 37 of the cover elements 36''with a flow rate in the range from approximately 200 to 600 kg. cm 2 / h, the diameter of the openings 263, 264 being in the range from approximately 20 mm to 80 mm.
- the flow rate of the fluidizing gas is considerably lower and is in the range from 3 to 50 kg / m 2 / h and depends on the pressure, the temperature and the type of gasification carried out in each case.
- the gas flow passing through the openings 363, 364 of the grates can result in essentially no particles in the counterflow being able to reach the gas through the grate.
- the diagram shown in FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the gas velocity and the particle flow for diameters of the openings 363, 364 of approximately 60 mm, a total passage area of the grate of approximately 25% for particles with a diameter of approximately 1 mm .
- the gas velocity V ⁇ within these openings 363, 364 is substantially above the flow velocity V f of the particles.
- the gas velocity V t above a roast has a value close to the particle velocity V ⁇ .
- the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the outlet opening 373 to that of the overflow pipe 37 essentially corresponds to the ratio of the total opening area of the grate to its total area. It follows from this that the gas velocity within an overflow pipe 37 essentially corresponds to the gas velocity V t in a region located above the grate.
- the particle density in the entry area 371 is slightly larger than in the other areas of the fluidized bed, a larger amount of particles reaches the entry areas 371 and thus the overflow pipes 37 than is the case for the other openings 363, 364 of the grate.
- the gas flow through the outlet opening 373 is sufficient in each case to displace particles from an overflow pipe 37, the energy required for this, which can be detected as a pressure difference, is increased. This means that part of the gas is bypassed from the inlet opening 373 is deflected to adjacent openings 363, 364 of a grate. This process is irreversible and continues until the gas flow within an overflow pipe 37 falls below a value which is necessary to fluidize the particles.
- the fluidized bed formed within an overflow pipe 37 collapses, which leads to an interruption of the gas flow into the overflow pipe 37.
- the particles then pass through the outlet opening 373 at a conveying rate which is proportional to the opening area of the outlet opening 373. Since particles can get out of the overflow pipe 37 via the outlet opening 373 faster than particles on the other hand can get into the overflow pipe 37 via the inlet opening 371, the particles which have accumulated within the overflow pipe 37 reach the outside.
- gas can then flow into the overflow pipe 37, which leads to fluidization of the particles remaining there and the new particles entering the overflow pipe 37, until this process is reversed again.
- the length h of the overflow pipe 37 is equal to or greater than the quotient between the maximum pressure drop of the gas in millimeters. meters of water, which is allowed for the rust, and the surface density of the particles in g / cm 2 .
- the diameter of the outlet opening 373 is advantageously larger than 60 times the diameter of the particles. This prevents a mechanical bridge from forming.
- the total cross-sectional area of all outlet openings 373 should for an advantageous formation of fluidized beds, exceed 4 times the area that would be required solely due to the particle flow.
- the overflow tube 7 as shown in FIG. 2, is preferably arranged in a central region of the combustion chamber 3. Instead of this arrangement or, if necessary, in addition to this, an overflow tube 7 'can also be arranged in an edge region of the combustion chamber 3, as is also shown in FIG. 2 with dashed lines.
- the structure and the mode of operation of the overflow pipe 7 ' essentially correspond to that of the overflow pipe 7, the description for the overflow pipe 7 thus correspondingly applies to the overflow pipe 7'.
- the centrally arranged overflow pipe 7 has a funnel-shaped inlet opening 42, which is arranged in the area of the fuel nozzles 25 and at a short distance above them. In the case of a laterally arranged overflow pipe 7 ′, an area 42 ′ of the inlet opening is widened in a funnel shape.
- recessed regions 44, 44 ' are formed, some of which extend upwards in a funnel shape, in which agglomerated particles can accumulate in addition to the ash accumulating in the combustion chamber, which particles adhere to one another, for example by sintering, or those which coexist Ashes are affected.
- Drainage pipes 45, 45 'adjoin the recessed areas 44, 44', which are only incompletely are constantly shown, and which can be closed in a manner not shown. Particles accumulated in the recessed areas 44, 44 'can be removed from the particle circuit via the discharge tube 45, 45'. This ensures that the circulation of the particles and the formation of fluidized beds within this circulation are not impaired by agglomerated or ash-laden particles. Otherwise such particles could, for example, lead to at least partial clogging of the grids or the overflow pipe 7.
- the overflow pipe 7 extends essentially in the vertical direction and projects with its end having an outlet opening 46 into the upper region of the reactor 1.
- the outlet opening 46 is assigned a diaphragm 47 with a single diaphragm opening 47 ', the diameter of which is smaller than that of the outlet opening 46.
- the side of the diaphragm 47 facing away from the outlet opening 46 is also a assigned as a baffle plate distributor plate 48.
- a control nozzle 49 which is formed by openings distributed over the circumference of the overflow pipe, is assigned to an area of the overflow pipe 7 adjacent to the outlet opening 46.
- the openings are connected to a control gas line 51 via an annular channel 50.
- the orifice 47 ′′, a distributor plate 48 ′, a control nozzle 49 ′ and an annular channel 50 ′ can be assigned to the overflow pipe 7 ′.
- Control gas supplied as needed via the control gas line 51 flows via the control nozzle 49 into the end region of the overflow pipe 7 adjacent to the inlet opening 46 and leads there to an injector effect, on the basis of which the Throughput speed of particles in the overflow pipe 7 is increased.
- An inert gas such as nitrogen can be used as the control gas.
- Particles passing through the overflow pipe 7 from the combustion chamber 3 into the reactor 1 are initially deflected partially through the orifice 47 after exiting via the outlet opening 46. A major portion reaches the distributor plate 48 through the aperture opening 47 ′. The remaining portion is already deflected in the area between the outlet opening 46 and the aperture 47. As a result of this deflection of a small proportion of the supplied particles and the impact of the main proportion on the distributor plate 48, the particles are distributed substantially uniformly in the upper region of the reactor 1. This creates a prerequisite for an effective heat exchange within the reactor 1.
- the throughput of particles through the overflow pipe 7 is also such that the particles present in the overflow pipe 7 form an effective seal against the product gas generated in the reactor 1. A passage of product gas into the combustion chamber 3 is thus effectively prevented without the arrangement and control of shut-off elements, for example a double valve, being required.
- the sealing effect caused by the throughput of particles through the overflow pipe 7 is also present when there is an overpressure in the reactor 1 with respect to the combustion chamber 3. Such an overpressure is advantageous for safety reasons, because it can ensure that neither from the air preheater 13, which is connected to the reactor 1 via a return line 15 for particles, nor Air or combustion gas can get into the reactor 1 from the combustion chamber 3.
- the entry chamber 11 arranged below the side of the reactor 1 facing away from the overflow pipe 7 is, as can be seen from FIG. 3, divided into a lower chamber 53 and an upper chamber 55 by a porous intermediate wall 52.
- the porous intermediate wall 52 can be formed by a steel plate 57 provided with a plurality of through openings and a wire mesh layer 59 lying thereon.
- the lower chamber 53 has a connection 61 for supplying a gas as the conveying or fluidizing gas.
- This gas can be an inert gas, for example;
- a gasifying agent used for the gasification can also advantageously be fed to the lower chamber 53 as the conveying gas, with the exception of blast furnace gas.
- the upper chamber 55 is supplied with gasification material, optionally together with a conveying gas, via a connection 63, in a manner not shown in detail.
- the gasification substance is taken up in the upper chamber 55 by the gas flowing from the lower chamber 53 via the porous intermediate plate 51 in the manner of a fluidized bed.
- liquid gasification substances and / or gases to be reformed can be fed directly to the reactor 1 via a suitable device.
- Gasification substances received in the manner of a fluidized bed in the upper chamber 55 are fed to the lower region of the reactor 1 via a plurality of entry pipes 9. So that gasification substances which are uniformly distributed in the conveying gas are fed to the reactor 1 via the inlet pipes 9, the ends of the inlet pipes 9 which protrude into the upper chamber 55 are each closed by an end closure 65, while one each lateral inlet opening 67 at a transverse to the longitudinal direction of the Entry pipe 9 extending pipe socket is formed.
- the reactor-side outlet openings 69 of the inlet pipes 9 are assigned covers 71 arranged at a distance therefrom, which prevent particles from entering the inlet pipes 9 and thus into the inlet chamber 11 via the outlet opening 69.
- one or more of the entry pipes 9 are assigned outer tubes 73 enveloping them, each of which is sealed at the bottom end with respect to the associated entry pipe 9, and each have an inlet connection 75 extending transversely to the longitudinal direction of the outer tube 73 and also of the inlet tube 9.
- Gasification agents such as water, water vapor or CO 2 -containing gases or gases to be reformed, can be fed via these inlet connections 75 to the reactor 1 via the intermediate space formed between the inlet pipe 9 and the associated outer pipe 73.
- Gasifying agents and gasifying substances or gases to be reformed which are fed to the lower region of the reactor 1 flow within the reactor 1 in the direction of the upper region thereof. There, as described, about the
- Overflow pipe 7 in the heater 5 and the combustion chamber 3 heated particles supplied. These particles, which are distributed through the orifice plate 47 and the distributor plate 48 in the upper region of the reactor 1, pass countercurrent to the gases fed to the reactor 1 into the lower region of the reactor 1, which has an inclined wall 77, and forms its deepest point a collecting area 79 for the particles. The cooled particles collecting at the bottom of the reactor 1 reach the collecting area 79, if necessary after slipping along the inclined wall 77, to which the return line 15 connects, via which the particles are fed to the air preheater 13.
- the particles guided in countercurrent to the gas fed to the reactor 1, and also to the product gas generated within the reactor 1, are taken up in the gas in the manner of a fluidized bed.
- the resulting intimate mixing of the particles with the gas means that the heat exchange between the particles and the gas takes place with high efficiency.
- the product gas, which, as described, is prevented from passing into the combustion chamber 3 by the particles located in the overflow pipe 7, leaves the upper region of the reactor through a product gas line 81 which emerges from the upper region of the reactor 1. occurs.
- the good heat exchange within the reactor 1 ensures that the fine-grained solid or liquid gasification substances supplied and / or the gas to be reformed can react together with the gasification agent in order to generate product gas after one of the following reactions:
- fine-grained lime can also be introduced into the reactor 1 in a manner not shown, which forms slag while binding the sulfur content.
- the slag can, for example, be discharged through and with the particles from the reactor 1 and, before the particles are returned to the conveying line 43, the slag components, such as any ash components that have been discharged, can be separated out, for example by sieving.
- an ash portion accumulating in the combustion chamber possibly together with ash-laden particles, to be discharged from the combustion chamber 3 via the drain pipes 44, 44 '.
- the main part of the Particles as described above via the overflow pipe 7 into the reactor 1.
- To discharge the ash a small proportion of the particles reach the recessed areas 44, 44 'outside the particle cycle. This portion can be removed via the drain pipe 44, 44 '. After these particles have been separated from the ash or agglomerated or damaged particles have been separated out, they can be returned to the particle cycle in a manner not shown.
- the process according to the invention has only been carried out with the gasification of fine-grained solid gasification substances with the following parameters.
- the weights and volumes are based on a volume of the product gas of 1 Nm 3 .
- the weight of the particles carried within the circuit is then 7.5 kg.
- the particles are fed to the heater 5 via the distributor 41 at a temperature of approximately 200 ° C.
- the combustion chamber 3 is fuel via the fuel nozzles 25 with a pressure of 0.65 mWs, a temperature of 25 °; a quantity of heat including the air preheating of 3.0 Mcal is supplied.
- the air supplied via the combustion air nozzles 26 has been preheated to a temperature of 700 ° C. in the air preheater 13 and is supplied at a pressure of 0.65 mWs.
- the particles heated in the heater 5 and the combustion chamber 3 leave the combustion chamber 3 via the overflow pipe 7 at a temperature of approximately 1250 ° C.
- a gasification substance with a related weight of 0.31 kg, a temperature of 30 ° C. and a pressure of 8.5 mWs is fed to the reactor 1 via the entry chamber 11.
- Gasifying agent with a related weight of 0.34 kg and a temperature of 140 ° C. is supplied at the same pressure.
- the product gas produced in the reactor with a reference volume of 1.0 Nm 3 leaves the reactor 1 with a Temperature of 1200 ° C and a pressure of 7.5 mWs.
- the particles conveyed from the reactor 1 into the air preheater 13 via the return line 15 have a temperature of approximately 800 ° C.
- Air supplied to the air preheater 13 has a related volume of 6.5 Nm, a temperature of approximately 50 ° C.
- the air preheated in the air preheater 13 leaves it at a temperature of approximately 700 ° C. and a pressure of 0.75 mWs in order to be fed to the combustion air nozzles 26 via the combustion air line 31.
- the particles are cooled in the air preheater 13 to a temperature of approximately 200 ° C. and from there they are conveyed back into the heater 5 via the delivery line 43 and the distributor 41.
- saturated steam is used as the gasifying agent.
- fuel consumption only the amount of heat is given, since, as described above, different fuels can be used.
- a CO and H 2 content of about 95% by volume can be achieved for the product gas produced under these conditions.
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Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4028853 | 1990-09-11 | ||
| DE4028853A DE4028853A1 (de) | 1990-09-11 | 1990-09-11 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum vergasen fluessiger und/oder feinkoerniger fester vergasungsstoffe und/oder zum reformieren eines gases |
| US08/758,953 US5730763A (en) | 1990-09-11 | 1996-12-02 | Heat exchanger and apparatus for gasification and/or reforming |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0500874A1 true EP0500874A1 (de) | 1992-09-02 |
Family
ID=25896775
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP91915925A Withdrawn EP0500874A1 (de) | 1990-09-11 | 1991-09-10 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum vergasen von vergasungsstoffen und/oder zum reformieren eines gases |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US5580362A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0500874A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2925323B2 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR950009002B1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN1036858C (de) |
| AU (1) | AU654826B2 (de) |
| BR (1) | BR9105901A (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2073013A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE4028853A1 (de) |
| HU (1) | HU9201539D0 (de) |
| TR (1) | TR26217A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1992004426A1 (de) |
| ZA (1) | ZA917168B (de) |
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| US6641625B1 (en) | 1999-05-03 | 2003-11-04 | Nuvera Fuel Cells, Inc. | Integrated hydrocarbon reforming system and controls |
| US6986797B1 (en) | 1999-05-03 | 2006-01-17 | Nuvera Fuel Cells Inc. | Auxiliary reactor for a hydrocarbon reforming system |
| AU2002216717B2 (en) * | 2000-11-17 | 2007-08-16 | Rentech, Inc | Small scale high throughput biomass gasification system and method |
| US6669917B2 (en) * | 2001-07-31 | 2003-12-30 | General Electric Co. | Process for converting coal into fuel cell quality hydrogen and sequestration-ready carbon dioxide |
| EP1581784A4 (de) | 2002-06-13 | 2009-06-24 | Nuvera Fuel Cells Inc | Vorzugs-oxidationsreaktor emperaturregelung |
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| CA2496839A1 (en) | 2004-07-19 | 2006-01-19 | Woodland Chemical Systems Inc. | Process for producing ethanol from synthesis gas rich in carbon monoxide |
| KR100637273B1 (ko) * | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-23 | 한국에너지기술연구원 | 수소제조용 고온공기 가스화방법 및 그 장치 |
| DK1896040T3 (da) | 2005-06-29 | 2012-09-03 | Threshold Pharmaceuticals Inc | Phosphoramidat-alkylator-prodrugs |
| BRPI0710578B1 (pt) | 2006-04-05 | 2016-11-29 | Woodland Biofuels Inc | método de produção de etanol a partir de gás de síntese |
| CN1935950B (zh) * | 2006-09-21 | 2010-10-20 | 武汉凯迪工程技术研究总院有限公司 | 一种固体含碳原料的高温气化方法 |
| DE102007005799B4 (de) * | 2006-10-18 | 2018-01-25 | Heinz-Jürgen Mühlen | Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines wasserstoffreichen Produktgases |
| NL2000520C2 (nl) * | 2007-03-05 | 2008-09-08 | Stichting Energie | Inrichting voor het vervaardigen van een productgas uit een brandstof, zoals biomassa. |
| US8105401B2 (en) * | 2007-07-10 | 2012-01-31 | Refill Energy, Inc. | Parallel path, downdraft gasifier apparatus and method |
| US9359567B2 (en) | 2007-07-10 | 2016-06-07 | Stratean, Inc. | Gasification method using feedstock comprising gaseous fuel |
| JP5282465B2 (ja) * | 2008-07-11 | 2013-09-04 | 株式会社Ihi | ガス化設備における流動層ガス化炉の流動媒体滞留時間制御方法及び装置 |
| CA2737946C (en) | 2008-09-26 | 2016-11-15 | The Ohio State University | Conversion of carbonaceous fuels into carbon free energy carriers |
| US9371227B2 (en) | 2009-09-08 | 2016-06-21 | Ohio State Innovation Foundation | Integration of reforming/water splitting and electrochemical systems for power generation with integrated carbon capture |
| AU2010292310B2 (en) | 2009-09-08 | 2017-01-12 | The Ohio State University Research Foundation | Synthetic fuels and chemicals production with in-situ CO2 capture |
| CN102465043B (zh) * | 2010-11-01 | 2013-07-31 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | 一种固体燃料的多段分级热解气化装置及方法 |
| EP2637777A1 (de) | 2010-11-08 | 2013-09-18 | The Ohio State University | Zirkulierendes wirbelbett mit wanderbettfallrohren und gasabdichtung zwischen reaktoren |
| EP2707350A4 (de) | 2011-05-11 | 2015-12-23 | Ohio State Innovation Foundation | Systeme zum umwandeln von brennstoffen |
| EP2707583B1 (de) | 2011-05-11 | 2019-07-10 | Ohio State Innovation Foundation | Sauerstoffträgermaterialien |
| JP5961941B2 (ja) * | 2011-07-27 | 2016-08-03 | 株式会社Ihi | 密閉式ガスヒータおよび密閉式ガスヒータを用いた連続加熱炉 |
| CN104159845A (zh) * | 2011-12-20 | 2014-11-19 | 学校法人长崎综合科学大学 | 合成气体的生成方法以及制造装置和液体燃料的合成方法以及合成装置 |
| CA2900192C (en) | 2013-02-05 | 2022-03-15 | Ohio State Innovation Foundation | Methods for fuel conversion into syngas with composite metal oxides |
| US9616403B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2017-04-11 | Ohio State Innovation Foundation | Systems and methods for converting carbonaceous fuels |
| US9421510B2 (en) * | 2013-03-19 | 2016-08-23 | Synthesis Energy Systems, Inc. | Gasifier grid cooling safety system and methods |
| WO2015131117A1 (en) | 2014-02-27 | 2015-09-03 | Ohio State Innovation Foundation | Systems and methods for partial or complete oxidation of fuels |
| EP3429738B1 (de) | 2016-04-12 | 2024-07-17 | Ohio State Innovation Foundation | Chemical-looping-verfahren zur herstellung von synthesegas aus kohlenstoffhaltigen brennstoffen |
| EP3648881B1 (de) | 2017-07-31 | 2023-10-25 | Ohio State Innovation Foundation | Reaktorsystem mit ungleichen betriebsdrücken der reaktoranordnung |
| US11220642B2 (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2022-01-11 | Shandong University | Pulverized coal gasification device and process for producing high heating value coal gas with low carbon residue content |
| US10549236B2 (en) | 2018-01-29 | 2020-02-04 | Ohio State Innovation Foundation | Systems, methods and materials for NOx decomposition with metal oxide materials |
| WO2020033500A1 (en) | 2018-08-09 | 2020-02-13 | Ohio State Innovation Foundation | Systems, methods and materials for hydrogen sulfide conversion |
| WO2020150438A1 (en) | 2019-01-17 | 2020-07-23 | Ohio State Innovation Foundation | Systems, methods and materials for stable phase syngas generation |
| CN109721029B (zh) * | 2019-03-21 | 2022-04-08 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 一种脉磁联合强化甲烷催化重整制氢的流化床系统及方法 |
| US11453626B2 (en) | 2019-04-09 | 2022-09-27 | Ohio State Innovation Foundation | Alkene generation using metal sulfide particles |
| WO2021034888A1 (en) | 2019-08-19 | 2021-02-25 | Ohio State Innovation Foundation | Mesoporous support-immobilized metal oxide-based nanoparticles |
| EP4010107A4 (de) | 2019-09-03 | 2023-09-06 | Ohio State Innovation Foundation | Durch redoxreaktion erleichterte gewinnung von kohlendioxid aus rauchgas und umwandlung in kohlenmonoxid |
| CN112254139A (zh) * | 2020-11-05 | 2021-01-22 | 北京一亚高科能源科技有限公司 | 一种气化-燃烧分区串行的tfb焚烧炉 |
| CN115924845B (zh) * | 2022-11-29 | 2025-01-21 | 中石化宁波工程有限公司 | 完全捕集二氧化碳并回收烟气水的循环igcc的多联产方法 |
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-
1990
- 1990-09-10 HU HU921539A patent/HU9201539D0/hu unknown
- 1990-09-11 DE DE4028853A patent/DE4028853A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1991
- 1991-09-10 WO PCT/EP1991/001719 patent/WO1992004426A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1991-09-10 AU AU84934/91A patent/AU654826B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-09-10 JP JP3514718A patent/JP2925323B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-09-10 BR BR919105901A patent/BR9105901A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-09-10 EP EP91915925A patent/EP0500874A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1991-09-10 CA CA002073013A patent/CA2073013A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-09-10 KR KR1019920701100A patent/KR950009002B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-09-10 ZA ZA917168A patent/ZA917168B/xx unknown
- 1991-09-11 TR TR91/0885A patent/TR26217A/xx unknown
- 1991-09-11 CN CN91108865A patent/CN1036858C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-01-12 US US08/371,589 patent/US5580362A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-12-02 US US08/758,953 patent/US5730763A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO9204426A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| HU9201539D0 (en) | 1992-08-28 |
| AU654826B2 (en) | 1994-11-24 |
| WO1992004426A1 (de) | 1992-03-19 |
| DE4028853A1 (de) | 1992-03-12 |
| TR26217A (tr) | 1995-02-15 |
| AU8493491A (en) | 1992-03-30 |
| JP2925323B2 (ja) | 1999-07-28 |
| CA2073013A1 (en) | 1992-03-12 |
| KR920702406A (ko) | 1992-09-04 |
| ZA917168B (en) | 1992-05-27 |
| JPH05502473A (ja) | 1993-04-28 |
| US5580362A (en) | 1996-12-03 |
| CN1036858C (zh) | 1997-12-31 |
| US5730763A (en) | 1998-03-24 |
| KR950009002B1 (ko) | 1995-08-10 |
| CN1059753A (zh) | 1992-03-25 |
| BR9105901A (pt) | 1992-11-10 |
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