EP0588861B1 - Distributeur de parfum - Google Patents
Distributeur de parfum Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0588861B1 EP0588861B1 EP92911697A EP92911697A EP0588861B1 EP 0588861 B1 EP0588861 B1 EP 0588861B1 EP 92911697 A EP92911697 A EP 92911697A EP 92911697 A EP92911697 A EP 92911697A EP 0588861 B1 EP0588861 B1 EP 0588861B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- perfume
- dispenser according
- perfume dispenser
- clip
- container
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 47
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003708 ampul Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000034656 Contusions Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006223 plastic coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
- A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
- A45D34/00—Containers or accessories specially adapted for handling liquid toiletry or cosmetic substances, e.g. perfumes
- A45D34/02—Scent flasks, e.g. with evaporator
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
- B05B11/0005—Components or details
- B05B11/0027—Means for neutralising the actuation of the sprayer ; Means for preventing access to the sprayer actuation means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
- B05B11/0005—Components or details
- B05B11/0035—Pen-like sprayers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
- B05B11/0005—Components or details
- B05B11/0037—Containers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a perfume dispenser.
- Perfume dispensers are known in a wide variety of designs. They have a fragrance container generally made of glass, mostly in the form of a vial. For the discharge of the perfume, the fragrance container either has a pouring opening, or else a discharge device with a pump mechanism, a sponge or a roll-on mechanism is provided on the fragrance container. The discharge device is usually covered and protected by means of a screw or plug cap.
- a known spraying device (US-1880373) is designed in the form of a pin and has a spray head at one end which can be actuated by means of a pump device provided on the pin body outside a cap covering the spray head.
- the cap is a common screw cap with a narrow clip known from fountain pens.
- a refillable perfume dispenser is known from FR-A-2 522 283, the fragrance container of which comprises a glass tube accommodated in a sleeve, which is preferably made of metal.
- the glass tube is closed at one end by means of a pump mechanism and at the other end by means of a removable closure.
- a cover cap is not provided.
- the fragrance container is made of metal. It is closed at its open end by means of a connector made of plastic, onto which a cap covering the discharge device can be attached.
- WO 90/07430 discloses a perfume dispenser as known, in which an ampoule containing perfume is accommodated in a cylindrical housing. A roll-on mechanism is screwed into the open end of the housing, a pointed, inward-looking projection piercing the ampoule accommodated therein when the roll-on mechanism is screwed onto the housing. A cover cap covering the roll-on mechanism is held on the housing of the perfume dispenser by means of a plug connection.
- the present invention has for its object to provide a cost-saving perfume dispenser that is safe to use and is advantageously suitable as an advertising medium.
- the perfume dispenser according to the invention should be designed in such a way that on the one hand it has sufficient areas for attaching advertising and on the other hand that the user likes to carry and use it so that the advertising on the perfume dispenser can also be perceived by third parties.
- the perfume dispenser according to the invention is thus to be distinguished by particular handiness and easy handling, while at the same time, according to the first-mentioned aspect, the available advertising space must not be too small. Furthermore, it should have an attractive design.
- the manufacture of the fragrance container from tubular glass results in particularly low manufacturing costs; pieces of long glass tubes sized according to the container length are cut off, provided with a melted bottom at one end and closed with the discharge device at the other end.
- a protective coating e.g. secure from tough powder coatings against bursting.
- the plug connection between the cover cap and the fragrance container made of glass is problematic, since glass bodies - in contrast to plastic parts - cannot be produced with correspondingly narrow tolerances.
- the cover cap which is usually made of plastic, is placed on a metal frame of the discharge device, e.g. can be plugged onto an already existing screw cap of the discharge device, it is avoided that the cap is too tight or too loose.
- Another possibility of tolerance compensation in the aforementioned connector is that the cover cap has a plug opening, the edge region of which is provided with at least one slot.
- the inner sleeve is provided with ribs projecting inwards and having elastic properties in the longitudinal direction thereof; thin-walled hollow ribs are also suitable.
- the perfume dispenser according to the invention preferably has a cylindrical shape which in this respect is similar to that of a pen.
- the clip provided on the cover cap is wide and is particularly suitable for attaching advertising, jewelry or the like, since it is also visible when the perfume dispenser is placed over the edge of a pocket from which only the clip protrudes.
- the fragrance container itself can also serve as an advertising space, possibly even for a different advertiser than the clip. This allows ideal joint advertising between two partners, for example a fragrance manufacturer and an automobile manufacturer.
- the design according to the invention also contributes to the fact that the perfume dispenser is particularly handy, i.e. it can be held by the clip, for example like a pen in a jacket or in a shirt pocket, without being bulky.
- the clip serves to secure the position of the perfume dispenser.
- the user will be happy to carry and use it regularly.
- the perfume dispenser according to the invention as a "fragrance pen” there is also a “camouflage”, which makes it easier for some people to take a perfume dispenser with them.
- the scented pen according to the invention thus represents a cap with advertising space and a scent supply.
- the perfume dispenser Due to the elongated design of e.g. cylindrical fragrance container, this can have a relatively large capacity without the diameter becoming too large. Due to the elongated cylindrical shape of the fragrance container and the cylindrical design of the cap, the perfume dispenser receives an overall attractive slim shape. This impression is further supported by the manufacture of the fragrance container made of glass, possibly with a plastic coating.
- a simple pouring opening can be provided in the fragrance container.
- preferred embodiments of the perfume dispenser according to the invention have a discharge device which comprises a pump mechanism, a sponge or a roll-on mechanism.
- the discharge device having a pump mechanism is screwed onto the fragrance container so that it can be refilled.
- a closable filler opening is expediently provided at the other end of the fragrance container.
- the clip is usually integrally formed on the cover cap.
- the clip and cover cap are first produced separately from one another and both parts have elements of a hook or screw connection, so that the clip can later be attached to the cover cap by means of a hook or screw connection.
- This is particularly advantageous against the background that the clip serves as an advertising medium and thus the desired advertising can be attached to the corresponding perfume dispenser in a particularly simple manner.
- an individual clip can be used for advertising purposes at a low cost for the production tool by connecting it with a standardized cap.
- the connection between the cap and clip is designed in such a way that it is difficult, i.e. can be solved with great effort or using a tool.
- the clip can advantageously serve a separate mounting element, which adjoins the shape of the cover cap on the outside and which engages either on the cap end or on the side of the cap.
- the clip serves as an advertising medium, it preferably has a widened area, for example in the form of a circle, an ellipse, a rounded rectangle or the like; the shape of the widening can also correspond to a known company logo.
- the widening of the clip or the clip itself has a width that is at least not significantly less than the diameter of the cap.
- the clip can have a countersunk support surface for an advertising element or an overlay serving as jewelry.
- the clip can extend essentially over its entire length.
- the contouring or design of the clip or its widening itself is also possible as a company symbol, e.g. in the form of the bottle with which the perfume filled in the fragrance container is distributed.
- the cover cap is preferably attached to the fragrance container by simply plugging it on; for this purpose, a snap-in connection is provided between the cover cap and the fragrance container, ie from Cover cap and fragrance container have corresponding latching elements which hold the cover cap on the fragrance container in the attached state. Alternatively, a screw connection is provided on the fragrance container and cap.
- a particularly valuable embodiment of the cover cap can consist in that it is formed in two parts, namely from an outer sleeve which increases the visual impression and a preferably elastically deformable inner sleeve serving for the plug connection.
- the outer sleeve is preferably made of metal, the inner sleeve made of plastic, for example polypropylene.
- the outer sleeve is cylindrical, the inner sleeve tapers slightly conically from the insertion opening; as a result, the two parts can be clamped together by simply pressing them together, the inner sleeve being radially expandable through the cavity between the two sleeves when it is plugged onto the fragrance container.
- the cross section of the fragrance container and the cover cap is preferably round, polygonal or pentagonal; in the latter case there are further flat, sufficiently large areas suitable for advertising purposes compared to a circular cross section.
- a discharge device 6 is placed on the fragrance container 1, which comprises a pump mechanism known as such.
- the corresponding discharge device is connected to the fragrance container by bouncing along the seam 7.
- the push button 8 with the outlet nozzle 9 can be seen from the known pump mechanism.
- the discharge device which also has a pump mechanism, is screwed onto the fragrance container 1.
- the fragrance container has an external thread at its upper end and the discharge device 6 has a screw cap 10 with a corresponding internal thread.
- 3 is made of glass.
- the pump element 11 and the suction hose 12 can be seen through its wall.
- the fragrance container 1 shown in FIG. 5 is provided at its upper end with a discharge device 6 which comprises a roll-on mechanism.
- the roll-on mechanism has a discharge ball 14 which is mounted in a ball holder 15.
- the discharge device 6 with the roll-on mechanism is connected to the fragrance container 1 by bruising along the seam 7.
- FIG. 6 shows an axial section through a cover cap 2, which is open at the top for receiving a clip ring 20 of the clip 4.
- the clip ring 20 is located on the inside of a closure cover 21 which is in one piece with the clip 4.
- On the inside of the sleeve 22 of the cover cap 2 molded upper longitudinal ribs 23, which serve for stiffening; Short longitudinal ribs 25 are provided near the lower edge 24 of the sleeve 22 and define the fit of the cover cap 2 on the fragrance container 1.
- the upper end of the fragrance container 1 with the discharge device 6 is drawn with thin lines.
- the lower ends of the upper longitudinal ribs 23 sit on the upper edge 26 of the screw cap 10 of the discharge device 6, ie they define the locking position of the cover cap 2.
- the lower edge of the inner sleeve 28 can be widened by a slot 33, which is shown in broken lines.
- Fig. 7 shows another embodiment of the cover caps 2, which here consists of a metal outer sleeve 27 and an inner sleeve 28 made of plastic.
- the latter has, similar to FIG. 6, upper longitudinal ribs 23 and short longitudinal ribs 25 at the bottom.
- the clip 4 has a pin 29 at the top, which enters through an opening in the outer sleeve 27 and is anchored in an end bore 30 of the inner sleeve 28 in the manner of a snap connection.
- the lower end 31 of the clip 4 comes to rest against a lower edge widening 32 of the outer sleeve 27.
- the clip is attached to the end cap or laterally; the clip can also be attached by means of a fastening ring on top of the cover cap or directly on the fragrance container.
Landscapes
- Closures For Containers (AREA)
Abstract
Claims (17)
que le dispositif de délivrance (6) comprend un mécanisme à pompe.
que le dispositif de délivrance (6) est vissé sur le récipient à parfum (1).
caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de délivrance (6) est relié à une extrémité du récipient à parfum (1) par un rebord ou une pliure.
que l'extrémité du récipient à parfum (1), tournée à l'opposé du dispositif de délivrance, comporte une ouverture de remplissage pouvant être fermée.
que la pince (4) est fixée au moyen d'un élément de retenue particulier, qui est adapté extérieurement à la forme du capuchon de fermeture.
que la pince (4) et l'élément de retenue sont respectivement remplaçables.
la pince (4) s'étend essentiellement sur toute la longueur du récipient à parfum (1).
que le verre tubulaire comporte un revêtement de protection contre un éclatement.
que le capuchon de fermeture (2) possède une ouverture d'enfichage, dont le bord est pourvu d'au moins une fente (33).
que le capuchon de fermeture (2) est formé de deux éléments, à savoir une douille extérieure (27) et une douille intérieure (28) utilisées pour la liaison par enfichage.
que la douille extérieure (27) est réalisée en un métal et la douille intérieure en une matière plastique.
que la douille intérieure est réalisée en polypropylène.
que la douille intérieure (28) comporte des nervures (23, 25) qui font saillie vers l'intérieur et s'étendent dans la direction longitudinale de la douille.
que la douille extérieure (27) est cylindrique et que la douille intérieure (28) se rétrécit avec une forme légèrement conique à partir de l'ouverture d'enfichage.
la pince (4) est formée d'un seul tenant sur le capuchon de fermeture (2).
la pince (4) est fixée au capuchon de fermeture (2) au moyen d'un système de liaison à accrochage.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE9219104U DE9219104U1 (de) | 1991-06-12 | 1992-06-12 | Parfümspender |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE9107249U DE9107249U1 (de) | 1991-06-12 | 1991-06-12 | Parfümspender |
| DE9107249U | 1991-06-12 | ||
| PCT/EP1992/001322 WO1992022228A1 (fr) | 1991-06-12 | 1992-06-12 | Distributeur de parfum |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0588861A1 EP0588861A1 (fr) | 1994-03-30 |
| EP0588861B1 true EP0588861B1 (fr) | 1995-11-08 |
| EP0588861B2 EP0588861B2 (fr) | 2001-06-20 |
Family
ID=6868246
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP92911697A Expired - Lifetime EP0588861B2 (fr) | 1991-06-12 | 1992-06-12 | Distributeur de parfum |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5492248A (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0588861B2 (fr) |
| DE (2) | DE9107249U1 (fr) |
| HK (1) | HK199596A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1992022228A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (27)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19622124A1 (de) * | 1996-06-01 | 1997-12-04 | Alfred Von Schuckmann | Gerät zum Aufbringen von Flüssigkeiten |
| US6273301B1 (en) * | 2000-03-29 | 2001-08-14 | Cheng-Yuan Su | Perfume pen assembly structure |
| US6371334B1 (en) * | 2000-07-10 | 2002-04-16 | Carl M. Lombardi | Miniature perfume bottle |
| WO2002052977A2 (fr) * | 2000-12-29 | 2002-07-11 | Akihiro Mogi | Flacon atomiseur de poche rechargeable |
| IL149677A0 (en) | 2002-05-15 | 2002-11-10 | Amir Genosar | Liquid dispenser |
| GB2391543A (en) * | 2002-08-06 | 2004-02-11 | Bilal Ashraf | Drink container having a cap with a clip |
| ES2339251T3 (es) * | 2003-11-26 | 2010-05-18 | Natural Trends, Llc | Dispensador pulverizador portatil con pinza y procedimientos asociados. |
| USD531256S1 (en) | 2004-09-24 | 2006-10-31 | Natural Trends, Llc | Portable clip-on spray dispenser |
| US20070034750A1 (en) * | 2005-08-10 | 2007-02-15 | Kns Associates, Inc. | Tubing mounting clip |
| US20070075091A1 (en) * | 2005-08-17 | 2007-04-05 | Louis Tombazzi | Hand sanitizer holder |
| US20080302827A1 (en) * | 2007-06-06 | 2008-12-11 | Gerrish Donald L | Spray dispenser |
| EP2167241A1 (fr) * | 2007-06-06 | 2010-03-31 | Coloplast A/S | Pulvérisateur |
| GB2450343B (en) * | 2007-06-20 | 2010-02-10 | Pin Essentials Ltd | Container for a liquid |
| US7600936B2 (en) * | 2007-11-14 | 2009-10-13 | Lanco Corporation | Dual dispenser pen |
| CA2665110C (fr) * | 2008-05-02 | 2014-07-22 | Talyn Kazazian | Distributeur de parfum a bijou |
| USD726027S1 (en) * | 2010-02-25 | 2015-04-07 | Digital Innovations, LLC. | Liquid dispenser |
| USD658073S1 (en) * | 2010-10-20 | 2012-04-24 | Chung Kee Lee | Portable perfume container |
| US9237794B2 (en) | 2010-11-23 | 2016-01-19 | Katie Marguerite Irving | Lock-in cosmetic accessory sleeve apparatus having engageable and/or constriction means |
| US9414664B2 (en) | 2010-11-23 | 2016-08-16 | Katie Marguerite Irving | Magnetic lock-in cosmetic accessory sleeve and container apparatus and having magnetically engageable means, and a method of using same |
| US8550096B2 (en) | 2010-11-23 | 2013-10-08 | Katie Marguerite Irving | Lock-in cosmetic accessory sleeve apparatus |
| US20120187150A1 (en) * | 2011-01-14 | 2012-07-26 | Mark Glasmann | PSS! Personal Surface Sanitizer |
| US10617829B2 (en) * | 2013-08-29 | 2020-04-14 | Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh | Cap assembly for a drug delivery device and drug delivery device |
| PL3038678T3 (pl) * | 2013-08-29 | 2020-06-29 | Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh | Nasadka na urządzenie do podawania leku |
| FR3011828B1 (fr) * | 2013-10-16 | 2015-12-11 | Maitrise & Innovation | Dispositif de conditionnement et de distribution comportant un capot a rattrapage de jeu |
| USD848856S1 (en) | 2017-03-28 | 2019-05-21 | Digital Innovations Llc | Liquid dispenser |
| CN109123961B (zh) * | 2018-09-21 | 2023-12-08 | 象牙塔(上海)国际贸易有限公司 | 一种香水瓶的可便携式保护壳 |
| US10980280B2 (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2021-04-20 | James Morningstar | Vape pen cover |
Family Cites Families (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1880373A (en) * | 1931-01-20 | 1932-10-04 | Vincent J Christie | Fluid sprinkling device |
| NL82302C (fr) * | 1949-05-12 | |||
| US3078497A (en) * | 1960-12-29 | 1963-02-26 | Leeds And Mieallef | Dispensing containers |
| FR1408742A (fr) * | 1964-05-12 | 1965-08-20 | Vaporisateurs Marcel Franck | Perfectionnements apportés aux vaporisateurs de liquides |
| US3482739A (en) * | 1967-04-17 | 1969-12-09 | Imagineering Unlimited Inc | Fluid dispenser |
| GB1170549A (en) * | 1967-08-18 | 1969-11-12 | Ernest Peter Crome | Spray Device for Liquids such as Perfume |
| CH470210A (de) * | 1968-09-24 | 1969-03-31 | Kempf Hans | Spraypatrone mit Anhänge- bzw. Aufhängevorrichtung |
| US3830404A (en) * | 1973-02-26 | 1974-08-20 | Consupak Inc | Simulated writing instrument aerosol container |
| US4044922A (en) * | 1976-05-25 | 1977-08-30 | Bordelon Lewis O | Protective device |
| US4174890A (en) * | 1976-08-03 | 1979-11-20 | Bell & Howell Company | Electronically controlled microfilm photographic image utilization device |
| US4305530A (en) * | 1978-01-23 | 1981-12-15 | Yoshino Kogyosho Co., Ltd. | Liquid atomizer |
| IT1092596B (it) * | 1978-02-09 | 1985-07-12 | Ruscitti Tommaso | Pompetta a mano per dispensare liquidi micronizzati a pressione prestabilita |
| US4284211A (en) * | 1979-09-26 | 1981-08-18 | Emson Research, Inc. | Nibbed ferrule for holding cap |
| FR2522283A1 (fr) * | 1982-03-01 | 1983-09-02 | Laporte Jean Claude | Flacon vaporisateur rechargeable |
| US4480940A (en) * | 1982-04-14 | 1984-11-06 | American Cyanamid Company | Flexible diaphragm for dispensing product |
| IT8421596U1 (it) * | 1984-04-19 | 1985-10-19 | S A R Spa | Pompetta a mano per dispensare sotto pressione liquidi micronizzati |
| FR2565799B1 (fr) * | 1984-06-15 | 1986-09-05 | Teleplastics Ind Sa | Etui en deux parties avec assemblage a verrouillage notamment vaporisateur rechargeable |
| ES1005520Y (es) * | 1987-06-02 | 1989-05-01 | Sanchez Muliterno Eduardo | Elemento de escritura con capuchon de cierre que incorpora un elementocon zona superior informativa. |
| US4952090A (en) * | 1988-12-27 | 1990-08-28 | Richardson Aubrey W | Apparatus for dispensing a scented fluid |
| FR2649382B1 (fr) * | 1989-07-04 | 1991-10-31 | Aerosols & Bouchage | Distributeurs miniatures |
-
1991
- 1991-06-12 DE DE9107249U patent/DE9107249U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1992
- 1992-06-12 US US08/157,209 patent/US5492248A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-06-12 DE DE59204271T patent/DE59204271D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-06-12 WO PCT/EP1992/001322 patent/WO1992022228A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1992-06-12 EP EP92911697A patent/EP0588861B2/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-10-31 HK HK199596A patent/HK199596A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0588861B2 (fr) | 2001-06-20 |
| DE9107249U1 (de) | 1992-10-15 |
| HK199596A (en) | 1996-11-08 |
| DE59204271D1 (de) | 1995-12-14 |
| EP0588861A1 (fr) | 1994-03-30 |
| US5492248A (en) | 1996-02-20 |
| WO1992022228A1 (fr) | 1992-12-23 |
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Legal Events
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| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
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| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
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| GRAA | (expected) grant |
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