EP0545145A1 - Manufacture of a porous copper-based material as a preform for a machining process - Google Patents
Manufacture of a porous copper-based material as a preform for a machining process Download PDFInfo
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- EP0545145A1 EP0545145A1 EP92119677A EP92119677A EP0545145A1 EP 0545145 A1 EP0545145 A1 EP 0545145A1 EP 92119677 A EP92119677 A EP 92119677A EP 92119677 A EP92119677 A EP 92119677A EP 0545145 A1 EP0545145 A1 EP 0545145A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/115—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by spraying molten metal, i.e. spray sintering, spray casting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0425—Copper-based alloys
Definitions
- the invention relates to the use of a pore-containing copper material.
- the pores can have three-dimensional dimensions, but they can also be pressed into almost two-dimensional structures by mechanical deformation of the matrix.
- Semi-finished products made of copper alloys are widely used for the production of parts in which machining work such as turning, drilling and milling must be carried out. These alloys usually contain additives such as lead or tellurium, which act as chip breakers and at the same time facilitate the economic processing of semi-finished products in the form of tubes, rods, sheets or strips made of the alloys mentioned into small parts.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a semi-finished product made of a copper material suitable for machining work, which is hygienically perfect and, in particular, can also be produced economically.
- the pores contained in the copper material are used as chip breakers.
- the pores mean locally limited weakening of the material, which leads to the chips breaking during the cutting process.
- Porous copper materials as such are sufficiently well known, however, the efforts of the experts to date have always been aimed at removing the pores as completely as possible in order to achieve the best possible properties of the copper material (cf. for example WO90 / 11.852).
- the volume fraction of the pores is 0.05 to 10%. Furthermore, it is advantageous if the pores are gas-filled, because while the porous copper material is processed, the remaining pores change their shape, but do not close completely because the cavities are stabilized by the gas. In particular, it is recommended if the pores are filled with a gas which is insoluble in copper or a copper alloy, such as nitrogen, noble gas, helium or carbon dioxide.
- a gas which is insoluble in copper or a copper alloy such as nitrogen, noble gas, helium or carbon dioxide.
- brass and bronze alloys are preferably used for machining work, but the application of the invention to other copper alloys is readily possible if required.
- a brass alloy contains in particular 1 to 45% zinc, recommended as optional components individually or in combination aluminum (maximum 10%), nickel (maximum 20%), tin (maximum 6%), silicon (maximum 4%), iron (maximum 2%), manganese (maximum 8%).
- Other optional components that can be added individually and in combination to achieve special strength properties are chrome, zirconium, titanium, magnesium, phosphorus, antimony (in each case a maximum of 1%).
- a bronze alloy contains in particular 0.1 to 12% tin, zinc (maximum 6%), nickel (maximum 5%), iron (maximum 4%) as additional components individually or in combination are recommended as well as additional optional components for setting special properties Elements phosphorus, chrome, zirconium, titanium, magnesium (maximum 1% each).
- An aluminum bronze alloy contains in particular 1 to 10% aluminum and, as optional components, individually or in combination iron (maximum 5%), nickel (maximum 8%), silicon (maximum 4%), manganese (maximum 5%), tin (maximum 3%) and as additional optional components chrome, titanium, zircon, magnesium, phosphorus, up to a maximum of 1% individually or in combination.
- a low-alloy copper alloy contains either individually or in combination phosphor (maximum 0.5%), iron (maximum 4%), tin (maximum 3%), nickel (maximum 4%), silicon (maximum 2%), chromium (maximum 2%), cobalt (maximum 2%), beryllium (maximum 2%) and as additional optional components titanium, zircon, magnesium, manganese, arsenic, zinc up to a maximum of 1% individually or in combination.
- the above-mentioned semifinished products according to the invention can then be produced with the hot and cold forming devices available in many semifinished factories if the preforms required for the production are available from an economical preliminary stage of production.
- a preform is preferably produced from copper powder or copper alloy powder and sintered, the mean particle size of the copper or copper alloy powder being 2 to 3000 ⁇ m. Sintering in an atmosphere which contains gaseous components which are insoluble in copper and copper alloys is preferred.
- the mean droplet diameter is preferably 5 to 200 microns.
- a powder of copper with a grain size of 25 ⁇ m obtained by atomization is mixed with a lubricant (stearic acid) in the usual way and pressed to a green compact of 95% density.
- the green body becomes after one Temperature program led up to the sintering temperature so that the lubricant is expelled.
- the sintering temperature is 1000 ° C, the sintering time 2.5 h.
- Fission gas obtained from ammonia at atmospheric pressure is used as the sintering atmosphere. After sintering, the body now has a density of 98.5% of the theoretical and contains closed pores.
- the sintered body is cold worked at room temperature by rolling by about 30%, the pores being stretched. This creates a structure as is characterized in FIG. 1a on a longitudinal section and in FIG. 1b on a transverse section (magnification 200: 1).
- the material is interspersed with evenly fine pore tubules.
- Example 2 The procedure is the same as in Example 1 , with the difference that now coarser powder with a grain size of 25 to 50 ⁇ m is used. This results in a somewhat coarser pore structure after cold forming, as can be seen from the cross section in FIG. 4.
- Fig. 5 L: longitudinal turning, P: face turning.
- a melt of CuFe2P with the composition 2.3% iron, 0.022% phosphorus, the rest copper and usual impurities is sprayed with the help of the spray compacting process (OSPREY process) to an approximately 30 mm thick plate. Pure nitrogen is used as the spray gas.
- the plate is milled on the outside, then heated to 930 ° C and cold rolled by 40%. A piece for turning tests is worked out from the rolled sheet. This rod has a density of 98.5% of the theoretical.
- the bar again produces much shorter chips than those which were produced from a sample of cast and hot-rolled plate using the usual method.
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
Verwendung eines Poren enthaltenden Kupferwerkstoffes als Halbzeug in Form von Stangen, Rohren, Profilen, Drähten, Blechen oder Bändern, das einer Zerspanungsbehandlung unterworfen wird. Die Poren wirken dabei als Spanbrecher.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung eines Poren enthaltenden Kupferwerkstoffes. Die Poren können, wie üblich, dreidimensionale Ausdehnung besitzen, sie können jedoch auch durch mechanische Verformung der Matrix zu nahezu zweidimensionalen Gebilden verdrückt sein.The invention relates to the use of a pore-containing copper material. As usual, the pores can have three-dimensional dimensions, but they can also be pressed into almost two-dimensional structures by mechanical deformation of the matrix.
Halbzeuge aus Kupferlegierungen werden verbreitet für die Herstellung von solchen Teilen eingesetzt, bei welchen Zerspanungsarbeiten, wie Drehen, Bohren und Fräsen durchgeführt werden müssen. Diese Legierungen enthalten in der Regel Zusätze von beispielsweise Blei oder Tellur, die als Spanbrecher wirken und gleichzeitig die wirtschaftliche Bearbeitung von Halbzeug in Form von Rohren, Stangen, Blechen oder Bändern aus den genannten Legierungen zu Kleinteilen erleichtern.Semi-finished products made of copper alloys are widely used for the production of parts in which machining work such as turning, drilling and milling must be carried out. These alloys usually contain additives such as lead or tellurium, which act as chip breakers and at the same time facilitate the economic processing of semi-finished products in the form of tubes, rods, sheets or strips made of the alloys mentioned into small parts.
Aus hygienischen Gründen wird versucht, den Bleigehalt bei solchen Teilen zu begrenzen, welche z.B. mit Trinkwasser in Versorgungsleitungen usw. in Berührung kommen.For hygienic reasons, attempts are made to limit the lead content in those parts which e.g. come into contact with drinking water in supply lines etc.
Andererseits stößt die Zugabe der beschriebenen Spanbrecher auf Schwierigkeiten, weil hierdurch auch die Erzeugung der Vorerzeugnisse, wie z.B. Stangen, Rohre und Profile, durch die üblichen Fertigungsschritte Warm- und Kaltumformung eingeschränkt wird. Grund hierfür ist die unvermeidliche Nebenwirkung dieser Spanbrecher-Zusätze, welche eine versprödende Wirkung auf den Grundwerkstoff ausüben.On the other hand, the addition of the chip breakers described has difficulties because this also limits the production of the preliminary products, such as rods, tubes and profiles, by the usual production steps of hot and cold forming. The reason for this is the inevitable side effect of these chip breaker additives, which have an embrittling effect on the base material.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, ein Halbzeug aus einem für Zerspanungsarbeiten geeigneten Kupferwerkstoff bereitzustellen, das hygienisch einwandfrei ist und sich insbesondere auch wirtschaftlich herstellen läßt.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a semi-finished product made of a copper material suitable for machining work, which is hygienically perfect and, in particular, can also be produced economically.
Als Lösung der Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagen, die im Kupferwerkstoff enthaltenen Poren als Spanbrecher zu verwenden.According to the invention, as a solution to the problem, the pores contained in the copper material are used as chip breakers.
Die Poren bedeuten lokal begrenzte Schwächungen des Materials, welche zu einem Zerbrechen der Späne während des Zerspanungsvorganges führen.The pores mean locally limited weakening of the material, which leads to the chips breaking during the cutting process.
Poröse Kupferwerkstoffe als solche sind zwar hinreichend vorbekannt, die bisherigen Anstrengungen der Fachwelt sind allerdings bisher stets darauf gerichtet gewesen, die Poren möglichst vollständig zu beseitigen, um möglichst gute Eigenschaften des Kupferwerkstoffs zu erzielen (vgl. beispielsweise WO90/11.852).Porous copper materials as such are sufficiently well known, however, the efforts of the experts to date have always been aimed at removing the pores as completely as possible in order to achieve the best possible properties of the copper material (cf. for example WO90 / 11.852).
Nach einer besonderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung beträgt der Volumenanteil der Poren 0,05 bis 10 %.
Weiterhin ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Poren gasgefüllt sind, da bei der Weiterverarbeitung des porösen Kupferwerkstoffs die zurückbleibenden Poren zwar ihre Form verändern, sich jedoch nicht vollständig verschließen, weil die Hohlräume durch das Gas stabilisiert sind. Inbesondere empfiehlt es sich, wenn die Poren mit einem in Kupfer oder einer Kupferlegierung nicht löslichen Gas, wie etwa Stickstoff, Edelgas, Helium oder Kohlendioxid, gefüllt sind.According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the volume fraction of the pores is 0.05 to 10%.
Furthermore, it is advantageous if the pores are gas-filled, because while the porous copper material is processed, the remaining pores change their shape, but do not close completely because the cavities are stabilized by the gas. In particular, it is recommended if the pores are filled with a gas which is insoluble in copper or a copper alloy, such as nitrogen, noble gas, helium or carbon dioxide.
Erfindungsgemäß kommen vorzugsweise Messing- und Bronzelegierungen für Zerspanungsarbeiten zum Einsatz, jedoch ist die Anwendung der Erfindung auf andere Kupferlegierungen bei Bedarf ohne weiteres möglich.According to the invention, brass and bronze alloys are preferably used for machining work, but the application of the invention to other copper alloys is readily possible if required.
Eine Messinglegierung enthält insbesondere 1 bis 45 % Zink, als Wahlkomponenten einzeln oder in Kombination empfehlen sich Aluminium (maximal 10 %), Nickel (maximal 20 %), Zinn (maximal 6 %), Silizium (maximal 4 %), Eisen (maximal 2 %), Mangan (maximal 8 %). Weitere Wahlkomponenten, welche zur Erzielung besonderer Festigkeitseigenschaften einzeln und in Kombination zugegeben werden können, sind Chrom, Zirkon, Titan, Magnesium, Phosphor, Antimon (jeweils maximal 1 %).A brass alloy contains in particular 1 to 45% zinc, recommended as optional components individually or in combination aluminum (maximum 10%), nickel (maximum 20%), tin (maximum 6%), silicon (maximum 4%), iron (maximum 2%), manganese (maximum 8%). Other optional components that can be added individually and in combination to achieve special strength properties are chrome, zirconium, titanium, magnesium, phosphorus, antimony (in each case a maximum of 1%).
Eine Bronzelegierung enthält insbesondere 0,1 bis 12 % Zinn, als Wahlkomponenten einzeln oder in Kombination empfehlen sich hier Zink (maximal 6 %), Nickel (maximal 5 %), Eisen (maximal 4 %) sowie als weitere Wahlkomponenten zur Einstellung besonderer Eigenschaften die Elemente Phosphor, Chrom, Zirkon, Titan, Magnesium (jeweils maximal 1 %).A bronze alloy contains in particular 0.1 to 12% tin, zinc (maximum 6%), nickel (maximum 5%), iron (maximum 4%) as additional components individually or in combination are recommended as well as additional optional components for setting special properties Elements phosphorus, chrome, zirconium, titanium, magnesium (maximum 1% each).
Eine Aluminiumbronzelegierung enthält insbesondere 1 bis 10 % Aluminium sowie als Wahlkomponenten einzeln oder in Kombination Eisen (maximal 5 %), Nickel (maximal 8 %), Silizium (maximal 4 %), Mangan (maximal 5 %), Zinn (maximal 3 %) sowie als weitere Wahlkomponenten Chrom, Titan, Zirkon, Magnesium, Phosphor, bis maximal 1 % einzeln oder in Kombination.An aluminum bronze alloy contains in particular 1 to 10% aluminum and, as optional components, individually or in combination iron (maximum 5%), nickel (maximum 8%), silicon (maximum 4%), manganese (maximum 5%), tin (maximum 3%) and as additional optional components chrome, titanium, zircon, magnesium, phosphorus, up to a maximum of 1% individually or in combination.
Eine niedriglegierte Kupferlegierung enthält als Wahlkomponenten einzeln oder in Kombination Phosphor (maximal 0,5 %), Eisen (maximal 4 %), Zinn (maximal 3 %), Nickel (maximal 4 %), Silizium (maximal 2 %), Chrom (maximal 2 %), Kobalt (maximal 2 %), Beryllium (maximal 2 %) sowie als weitere Wahlkomponenten Titan, Zirkon, Magnesium, Mangan, Arsen, Zink bis maximal 1 % einzeln oder in Kombination.A low-alloy copper alloy contains either individually or in combination phosphor (maximum 0.5%), iron (maximum 4%), tin (maximum 3%), nickel (maximum 4%), silicon (maximum 2%), chromium (maximum 2%), cobalt (maximum 2%), beryllium (maximum 2%) and as additional optional components titanium, zircon, magnesium, manganese, arsenic, zinc up to a maximum of 1% individually or in combination.
Die oben erwähnten erfindungsgemäßen Halbzeuge können dann mit den in vielen Halbzeugwerken vorhandenen Einrichtungen zur Warm- und Kaltumformung hergestellt werden, wenn die für die Herstellung benötigten Vorformen aus einer wirtschaftlichen Vorstufe der Fertigung bereitstehen.The above-mentioned semifinished products according to the invention can then be produced with the hot and cold forming devices available in many semifinished factories if the preforms required for the production are available from an economical preliminary stage of production.
Als bevorzugte Verfahren zur Herstellung porösen Vormaterials bieten sich sowohl die Pulvermetallurgie als auch das Sprühkompaktieren/OSPREY-Verfahren (vgl. beispielsweise GB-PS 1.379.261 und und GB-PS 1.472.939) an.Both powder metallurgy and that are available as preferred methods for producing porous starting material Spray compacting / OSPREY process (cf. for example GB-PS 1.379.261 and and GB-PS 1.472.939).
Nach einer ersten Verfahrensvariante wird eine Vorform vorzugsweise aus Kupferpulver oder Kupferlegierungspulver hergestellt und gesintert, wobei die mittlere Teilchengröße des Kupfers bzw. Kupferlegierungspulvers 2 bis 3000 µm beträgt. Das Sintern in einer Atmosphäre, welche in Kupfer und Kupferlegierungen nicht lösliche, gasförmige Anteile enthält, ist bevorzugt. Nach einer zweiten Verfahrensvariante wird eine Vorform vorzugsweise nach dem Sprühkompaktierverfahren hergestellt, indem eine mittels Zerstäuben in Metalltröpfchen zerlegte Metallschmelze aus Kupfer oder einer Kupferlegierung auf eine Unterlage gerichtet wird unter Einhaltung eines Gas-Metall-Verhältnisses von 0,05 Nm³/kg bis 1,5 Nm³/kg (Nm³ = Normkubikmeter). Der mittlere Tröpfchendurchmesser beträgt dabei vorzugsweise 5 bis 200 µm.According to a first process variant, a preform is preferably produced from copper powder or copper alloy powder and sintered, the mean particle size of the copper or copper alloy powder being 2 to 3000 μm. Sintering in an atmosphere which contains gaseous components which are insoluble in copper and copper alloys is preferred. According to a second process variant, a preform is preferably produced by the spray compacting process, in that a metal melt of copper or a copper alloy that has been broken down into metal droplets is directed onto a substrate while maintaining a gas-metal ratio of 0.05 Nm³ / kg to 1.5 Nm³ / kg (Nm³ = standard cubic meter). The mean droplet diameter is preferably 5 to 200 microns.
Die Erfindung wird anhand der folgenden Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Es zeigt
- Fig. 1a
- den Längsschliff einer gesinterten Kupferprobe,
- Fig. 1b
- den Querschliff einer gesinterten Kupferprobe,
- Fig. 2
- Spanformen der gesinterten Kupferprobe nach Fig. 1,
- Fig. 3
- Spanformen von einer konventionell hergestellten Kupferprobe
- Fig. 4
- den Querschliff einer weiteren, gesinterten Kupferprobe und
- Fig. 5
- Spanformen der gesinterten Kupferprobe der Fig. 4.
- Fig. 1a
- the longitudinal grinding of a sintered copper sample,
- Fig. 1b
- the cross section of a sintered copper sample,
- Fig. 2
- Chip shapes of the sintered copper sample according to FIG. 1,
- Fig. 3
- Chip forms from a conventionally produced copper sample
- Fig. 4
- the cross section of another sintered copper sample and
- Fig. 5
- Chip shapes of the sintered copper sample of FIG. 4.
Durch Zerstäuben gewonnenes Pulver aus Kupfer mit einer Korngröße von 25 µm wird in üblicher Weise mit einem Schmiermittel (Stearinsäure) versetzt und zu einem Grünling von 95 % Dichte verpreßt. Der Grünling wird nach einem Temperaturprogramm so bis zur Sintertemperatur geführt, daß das Schmiermittel ausgetrieben wird. Die Sintertemperatur beträgt 1000°C, die Sinterzeit 2,5 h.A powder of copper with a grain size of 25 µm obtained by atomization is mixed with a lubricant (stearic acid) in the usual way and pressed to a green compact of 95% density. The green body becomes after one Temperature program led up to the sintering temperature so that the lubricant is expelled. The sintering temperature is 1000 ° C, the sintering time 2.5 h.
Als Sinteratmosphäre wird aus Ammoniak gewonnenes Spaltgas bei Atmosphärendruck verwendet. Nach dem Sintern hat der Körper jetzt eine Dichte von 98,5 % der theoretischen und enthält geschlossene Poren.Fission gas obtained from ammonia at atmospheric pressure is used as the sintering atmosphere. After sintering, the body now has a density of 98.5% of the theoretical and contains closed pores.
Der Sinterkörper wird bei Raumtemperatur durch Walzen um etwa 30 % kaltverformt, wobei die Poren verstreckt werden. Hierdurch entsteht ein Gefüge wie es in Fig. 1a an einem Längsschliff und in Fig. 1b an einem Querschliff charakterisiert ist (Vergrößerung 200:1). Das Material ist von gleichmäßig feinen Porenkanälchen durchsetzt.The sintered body is cold worked at room temperature by rolling by about 30%, the pores being stretched. This creates a structure as is characterized in FIG. 1a on a longitudinal section and in FIG. 1b on a transverse section (magnification 200: 1). The material is interspersed with evenly fine pore tubules.
Beim Drehversuch auf einer Drehbank entstehen wesentlich kürzere Späne (Fig. 2 / L: Längsdrehversuch, P: Stirndrehversuch) als bei solchen Stangen, welche aus vollkommen dichten, stranggegossenen Bolzen durch Pressen und Ziehen gefertigt wurden (Fig. 3).The turning test on a lathe produces much shorter chips (Fig. 2 / L: longitudinal turning test, P: face turning test) than those of bars that were made from completely tight, continuously cast bolts by pressing and pulling (Fig. 3).
Die Vorgehensweise ist ebenso wie bei Beispiel 1, mit der Abweichung, daß jetzt gröberes Pulver mit einer Korngröße von 25 bis 50 µm eingesetzt wird. Hierdurch entsteht nach dem Kaltverformen eine etwas gröbere Porenstruktur, wie sie aus dem Querschliff in Fig. 4 hervorgeht. Beim Drehversuch auf einer Drehbank entstehen auch in diesem Fall günstige kurze Späne, wie Fig. 5 (L: Längsdrehversuch, P: Stirndrehversuch) zeigt.The procedure is the same as in Example 1 , with the difference that now coarser powder with a grain size of 25 to 50 µm is used. This results in a somewhat coarser pore structure after cold forming, as can be seen from the cross section in FIG. 4. When turning on a lathe, low-cost chips are produced in this case, as shown in Fig. 5 (L: longitudinal turning, P: face turning).
Eine Schmelze aus CuFe2P mit der Zusammensetzung 2,3 % Eisen, 0,022 % Phosphor, Rest Kupfer und übliche Verunreinigungen wird mit Hilfe des Sprühkompaktierverfahrens (OSPREY-Verfahren) zu einer ca 30 mm dicken Platte gesprüht. Als Sprühgas wird Reinstickstoff eingesetzt. Durch geeignete Wahl der Sprühverfahren insbesondere des Gas-Metall-Verhältnisses 0,42 in der Verdüsungsstufe, wird erreicht, daß die konsolidierte Platte eine Dichte von 85 % der theoretischen aufweist.A melt of CuFe2P with the composition 2.3% iron, 0.022% phosphorus, the rest copper and usual impurities is sprayed with the help of the spray compacting process (OSPREY process) to an approximately 30 mm thick plate. Pure nitrogen is used as the spray gas. By suitable Selection of the spraying method, in particular the gas-metal ratio of 0.42 in the atomization stage, ensures that the consolidated plate has a density of 85% of the theoretical.
Die Platte wird auf der Außenseite überfräst, anschließend auf 930°C aufgeheizt und um 40 % warm abgewalzt. Aus dem gewalzten Blech wird ein Stück für Drehversuche herausgearbeitet. Dieser Stab hat eine Dichte von 98,5 % der theoretischen.The plate is milled on the outside, then heated to 930 ° C and cold rolled by 40%. A piece for turning tests is worked out from the rolled sheet. This rod has a density of 98.5% of the theoretical.
Beim Stirndrehversuch ergibt die Stange wieder wesentlich kürzere Späne als solche, welche nach dem üblichen Verfahren von einer Probe aus gegossener und warmgewalzter Platte erzeugt wurden.In the face turning test, the bar again produces much shorter chips than those which were produced from a sample of cast and hot-rolled plate using the usual method.
Claims (20)
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß eine Vorform aus Kupferpulver oder Kupferlegierungspulver hergestellt und gesintert wird.Process for the production of porous primary material, from which the semi-finished copper product according to one or more of Claims 1 to 15 is produced by cold and hot forming steps,
characterized,
that a preform is made of copper powder or copper alloy powder and sintered.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die mittlere Teilchengröße des Kupfer- bzw. Kupferlegierungspulvers 2 bis 3000 µm beträgt.A method according to claim 16,
characterized,
that the average particle size of the copper or copper alloy powder is 2 to 3000 microns.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Vorform in einer Atmosphäre gesintert wird, welche in Kupfer und Kupferlegierungen nicht lösliche, gasförmige Anteile enthält.Method according to claim 16 or 17,
characterized,
that the preform is sintered in an atmosphere which contains gaseous components which are insoluble in copper and copper alloys.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß eine Vorform nach dem Sprühkompaktierverfahren hergestellt wird, indem eine mittels Zerstäuben in Metalltröpfchen zerlegte Metallschmelze aus Kupfer oder einer Kupferlegierung auf eine Unterlage gerichtet wird unter Einhaltung eines Gas-Metall-Verhältnisses von 0,05 Nm³/kg bis 1,5 Nm³/kg.Process for the production of porous primary material, from which the semi-finished copper product according to one or more of claims 1 to 15 is produced by cold and hot forming steps,
characterized,
that a preform is produced by the spray compacting process, in that a metal melt of copper or a copper alloy, which has been broken down into metal droplets by atomization, is directed onto a substrate while maintaining a gas-metal ratio of 0.05 Nm³ / kg to 1.5 Nm³ / kg.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der mittlere Tröpfchendurchmesser 5 bis 200 µm beträgt.Method according to claim 19,
characterized,
that the average droplet diameter is 5 to 200 microns.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4139063 | 1991-11-28 | ||
| DE4139063A DE4139063C2 (en) | 1991-11-28 | 1991-11-28 | Process for improving the machinability of semi-finished products made of copper materials |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0545145A1 true EP0545145A1 (en) | 1993-06-09 |
| EP0545145B1 EP0545145B1 (en) | 1996-07-31 |
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ID=6445728
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP92119677A Expired - Lifetime EP0545145B1 (en) | 1991-11-28 | 1992-11-19 | Manufacture of a porous copper-based material as a preform for a machining process |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0545145B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH06192772A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4139063C2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2090462T3 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8506730B2 (en) | 1998-10-09 | 2013-08-13 | Mitsubishi Shindoh Co., Ltd. | Copper/zinc alloys having low levels of lead and good machinability |
| US7056396B2 (en) | 1998-10-09 | 2006-06-06 | Sambo Copper Alloy Co., Ltd. | Copper/zinc alloys having low levels of lead and good machinability |
| DE10043278A1 (en) * | 2000-09-02 | 2002-03-28 | Berkenhoff Gmbh | Alloy, especially wire for eyeglass frames |
| KR101211206B1 (en) | 2005-09-22 | 2012-12-11 | 미쓰비시 신도 가부시키가이샤 | Free-cutting copper alloy containing very low lead |
| JP2007211325A (en) * | 2006-02-13 | 2007-08-23 | Sanbo Copper Alloy Co Ltd | Raw material aluminum bronze alloy for semi-fusion gold casting |
| US8273192B2 (en) * | 2008-06-11 | 2012-09-25 | Xiamen Lota International Co., Ltd. | Lead-free, bismuth-free free-cutting phosphorous brass alloy |
| DE102009002894A1 (en) * | 2009-05-07 | 2010-11-18 | Federal-Mogul Wiesbaden Gmbh | plain bearing material |
| CA2889459A1 (en) | 2012-10-26 | 2014-05-01 | Sloan Valve Company | White antimicrobial copper alloy |
| CN105793450B (en) * | 2013-10-07 | 2017-11-21 | 仕龙阀门公司 | White antibacterial copper alloy |
| DE102015004221A1 (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-10-06 | Wieland-Werke Ag | Copper-zinc alloy, strip-shaped material thereof, method for producing a semi-finished product from a copper-zinc alloy and sliding elements made from a copper-zinc alloy |
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| US2881511A (en) * | 1956-08-14 | 1959-04-14 | Gen Motors Corp | Highly wear-resistant sintered powdered metal |
| US3826301A (en) * | 1971-10-26 | 1974-07-30 | R Brooks | Method and apparatus for manufacturing precision articles from molten articles |
| US4604259A (en) * | 1983-10-11 | 1986-08-05 | Scm Corporation | Process for making copper-rich metal shapes by powder metallurgy |
| EP0454229A1 (en) * | 1990-04-20 | 1991-10-30 | Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. | Copper alloy and process for its preparation |
| EP0456591A1 (en) * | 1990-05-11 | 1991-11-13 | Trefimetaux | Copper-based spinodal alloys and process for their preparation |
| EP0457478A1 (en) * | 1990-05-15 | 1991-11-21 | AT&T Corp. | Machinable lead-free wrought copper-based alloys |
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| US2393906A (en) * | 1943-09-04 | 1946-01-29 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Metal composition and bearing |
-
1991
- 1991-11-28 DE DE4139063A patent/DE4139063C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-11-19 DE DE59206853T patent/DE59206853D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-11-19 ES ES92119677T patent/ES2090462T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-11-19 EP EP92119677A patent/EP0545145B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-11-27 JP JP4341592A patent/JPH06192772A/en active Pending
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| US2881511A (en) * | 1956-08-14 | 1959-04-14 | Gen Motors Corp | Highly wear-resistant sintered powdered metal |
| US3826301A (en) * | 1971-10-26 | 1974-07-30 | R Brooks | Method and apparatus for manufacturing precision articles from molten articles |
| US4604259A (en) * | 1983-10-11 | 1986-08-05 | Scm Corporation | Process for making copper-rich metal shapes by powder metallurgy |
| EP0454229A1 (en) * | 1990-04-20 | 1991-10-30 | Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. | Copper alloy and process for its preparation |
| EP0456591A1 (en) * | 1990-05-11 | 1991-11-13 | Trefimetaux | Copper-based spinodal alloys and process for their preparation |
| EP0457478A1 (en) * | 1990-05-15 | 1991-11-21 | AT&T Corp. | Machinable lead-free wrought copper-based alloys |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2090462T3 (en) | 1996-10-16 |
| DE4139063A1 (en) | 1993-06-03 |
| EP0545145B1 (en) | 1996-07-31 |
| DE59206853D1 (en) | 1996-09-05 |
| DE4139063C2 (en) | 1993-09-30 |
| JPH06192772A (en) | 1994-07-12 |
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