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EP0314981B1 - Procédé de fabrication de matériau à fondre contenant du cuivre, du chrome et au moins un composant volatil et électrode consommable utilisée dans ce procédé - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication de matériau à fondre contenant du cuivre, du chrome et au moins un composant volatil et électrode consommable utilisée dans ce procédé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0314981B1
EP0314981B1 EP88117417A EP88117417A EP0314981B1 EP 0314981 B1 EP0314981 B1 EP 0314981B1 EP 88117417 A EP88117417 A EP 88117417A EP 88117417 A EP88117417 A EP 88117417A EP 0314981 B1 EP0314981 B1 EP 0314981B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
copper
tellurium
chromium
melting
electrode according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88117417A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0314981A1 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Moser
Joachim Dipl.-Phys. Grosse
Horst Dr. Kippenberg
Rüdiger Dr. Hess
Reiner Dr. Müller
Norbert Prölss
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0314981A1 publication Critical patent/EP0314981A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0314981B1 publication Critical patent/EP0314981B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B4/00—Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/0203—Contacts characterised by the material thereof specially adapted for vacuum switches
    • H01H1/0206—Contacts characterised by the material thereof specially adapted for vacuum switches containing as major components Cu and Cr

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing melting materials made of copper (Cu), chromium (Cr) and at least one highly volatile component, an arc melting method being used in which the electrode material melting from a melting electrode is melted in a water-cooled mold for the purpose of cooling without Macroscopic segregation of copper and chrome is caught.
  • the invention also relates to a consumable electrode for use in this method, which consists of copper (Cu) and chromium (Cr) as well as tellurium (Te) and / or selenium (Se) and / or antimony (Sb) as an easily evaporable component predetermined total composition of all components.
  • EP-B-0115292 A method of the type mentioned at the outset is known from EP-B-0115292. Materials produced by such a method were initially intended for use as contact materials for vacuum medium-voltage circuit breakers with breaking currents above 10 kA. From EP-A-0172411 it is also known to provide such a material also as a contact material for vacuum contactors, the material for reducing the welding force adding at least one of the metals tellurium (Te), antimony (Sb), bismuth (Bi) and / or tin (Sn) and their alloys. The additives are introduced by subsequent alloying or diffusing into the contact pieces produced by the known method, which is comparatively lengthy and complex.
  • Tellurium and / or selenium and / or antimony or bismuth in particular have proven to be suitable as additional components for copper-chromium contact materials for reducing the welding force.
  • the elements mentioned are characterized by a high vapor pressure, so that additives of these elements evaporate easily when the arc is melted. Accordingly, it has been shown that the direct alloying of these additives is not possible when arc-melting copper-chromium, since the additives - especially if they are mixed in as a fine powder of the electrode - evaporate due to their high vapor pressure under the influence of the arc and lead to pore formation in the melting block .
  • Tellurium or selenium or antimony form intermetallic compounds with copper, the vapor pressure and thus evaporation tendency - as measurements have shown - are reduced compared to the pure components tellurium and selenium or antimony.
  • pore formation also occurs when the additives are not mixed as elemental tellurium or selenium or antimony, but as intermetallic compounds Cu2Te or Cu2Se or Cu3Sb in powder form. This is due to the gas loading of the finely divided Cu2Te or Cu2Se or Cu3Sb powder.
  • a fine-particle powder has so far been considered essential for homogeneous distribution.
  • tellurium has been specifically used after the arc melting and, if appropriate, after a corresponding shaping of the CuCr blanks, for example, by extrusion in a separate manufacturing step. This involves an additional process step that makes the manufacturing process more expensive.
  • the object of the invention is to improve the method of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that an easily evaporable Component can be introduced directly into the material during the melting process.
  • suitable consumable electrodes should be specified that can be used in the context of an arc melting process.
  • a melting electrode is used to melt the material with the easily evaporable component, which partially consists of a solid alloy of copper with the easily evaporable component, the concentration of the easily evaporable component in the alloy being higher than in Sum composition of the melting material, and that the easily evaporable component remains bound in the melting material during melting.
  • the easily evaporable component is at least partially alloyed as an intermetallic compound in the copper, the copper-tellurium or copper Selenium or copper-antimony alloy is present as a solid part in the electrode structure.
  • the invention enables the introduction of easily evaporable additives in arc-melted copper-chromium alloys directly during the melting process and thus the production of pore-free CuCrTe or CuCrSe or CuCrSb melting blocks, provided the correspondingly constructed melting electrodes are used.
  • the introduction of tellurium in particular in the melting process all effects leading to pore formation are now avoided.
  • massive rods of a CuTe alloy, such as CuTe0.6 can be introduced into a tube electrode, which are then coated with CuCr powder.
  • 1 denotes a copper tube with the cross-sectional dimensions of, for example, 70 ⁇ 2 mm.
  • the copper pipe 1 may, for example OFHC (o Xigen f ree h igh c onductive) - or SF (s auerstof f rei) material may be used.
  • Reference numeral 2 denotes a CuCr powder mixture in low-gas quality with a predetermined particle size distribution.
  • Fig. 1 three solid rods 3 to 5 with a diameter of 10 mm made of an alloy of, for example, CuTe0.6 are embedded in the powder mixture 2 made of CuCr.
  • This material is known according to DIN 17666 under the material number 2.1546 with a tellurium content of 0.4 to 0.7 m%.
  • the number of rods can expediently be varied between one and ten, their number and the diameter and the tellurium or selenium or antimony content of the individual rod as a result determine the concentration of the finished material.
  • the profile of the individual bar is irrelevant; the rods can, for example, as round or. Square part or be designed as a tube.
  • the concentration in the CuCr powder mixture can be varied. Powder from 25 m% Cr up to pure Cr powder are possible.
  • FIG. 3 a plurality of individual sections 13 of rods or profiles with a predetermined cross section made of CuTe0.6 material are approximately uniformly embedded in the copper tube 1 with CuCr powder mixture 2. If a melting electrode constructed in this way is used, the highly evaporable component in the melting material is also largely bonded.
  • Fig. 4 there is an outer tube 41 with the cross-sectional dimensions 70 ⁇ 2 mm made of CuTe material.
  • a CuCr powder mixture 42 is introduced into the tube 41. Even with a melting electrode constructed in this way, the tellurium remains bound during the melting process and alloys into the melting material.
  • the composition of the CuCrTe or CuCrSe or CuCrSb melt material to be produced for a given rod diameter should in particular be determined by the number of rods on the one hand and by the tellurium or selenium or antimony content in the rods on the other hand: From a manufacturing point of view it is theoretically possible that rods made of copper-tellurium alloys as solid parts can have a tellurium content of up to 8.2% by mass.
  • the table below shows a number of examples specifically for the production of CuCrTe melting materials using a melting electrode according to FIG. 1 or 2, such as the number of rods, their tellurium content and the composition of the copper-chromium powder mixture the concentration of the finished melting material can be influenced.
  • a tube electrode with ⁇ 70 ⁇ 2 mm is assumed.
  • the tellurium content of the melting material is also determined by the number and diameter of the CuTe rods or the diameter and thickness of the CuTe tube.
  • two rods of CuTe0.6 with a diameter of 10 mm already have a tellurium content in the melting material of 0.1 m%.
  • the arc melting with the above-described melting electrodes takes place in the manner described in EP-B-0115292 under a protective gas atmosphere; for example, 100 mb helium or argon have proven to be suitable.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
  • Discharge Heating (AREA)

Claims (14)

1. Procédé de préparation de matériaux fusibles contenant du cuivre (Cu), du chrome (Cr) et au moins un constituant volatil, en utilisant un procédé de fusion à l'arc électrique dans lequel le matériau de l'électrode, en fusion et ayant une composition globale prescrite pour une électrode fusible, est recueilli dans une lingotière refroidie par de l'eau, en vue d'un refroidissement sans démixtion macroscopique du cuivre et du chrome, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à utiliser, pour la fusion du matériau comprenant le constituant volatil, une électrode fusible telle qu'elle est constituée partiellement d'un alliage solide de cuivre et du constituant volatil, la concentration du constituant volatil dans l'alliage étant plus élevée que dans la composition globale du matériau fusible et que, lors de la fusion, le constituant volatil reste lié dans le matériau fusible.
2. Electrode fusible destinée à être utilisée dans un procédé de préparation de matériaux fusibles suivant la revendication 1, qui est constituée de cuivre (Cu) et de chrome (Cr), ainsi que de tellure (Te) et/ou de sélénium (Se) et/ou d'antimoine (Sb) en tant que constituants volatils, avec une composition globale prescrite de tous les constituants, caractérisée en ce que le constituant volatil est allié au cuivre, au moins en partie sous la forme d'un composé intermétallique, l'alliage cuivre-tellure, ou cuivre-sélénium, ou cuivre-antimoine se présentant sous la forme d'une partie massive dans la structure de l'électrode.
3. Electrode fusible suivant la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que les parties massives présentent tout profil convenable, par exemple un profil circulaire, tétragonal, ou tubulaire.
4. Electrode fusible suivant la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que la structure de l'électrode est constituée d'un tube (1) en cuivre, dans lequel sont incorporées dans un mélange de poudres (2) de cuivre et de chrome les parties massives (3-5; 5-11; 13) en alliage de cuivre-tellure ou de cuivre-sélénium ou de cuivre-antimoine (figures 1 à 3).
5. Electrode fusible suivant la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que le tube (1) de cuivre est en cuivre pauvre en oxygène, par exemple en cuivre OFHC ou en cuivre SF.
6. Electrode fusible suivant la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que les parties massives sont des barres (3-5; 3-11) continues qui sont incorporées parallèlement et à distance mutuelle dans le mélange de poudres (2) de CuCr (figures 1 et 2).
7. Electrode fusible suivant la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que la structure de l'électrode est constituée d'un tube (1) dont les dimensions de la section transversale sont de 70  ×  2 mm, dans lequel sont réparties, sur la section transversale, jusqu'à dix barres (3-5; 3-11) d'un alliage de cuivre-tellure ou d'un alliage de cuivre-sélénium ou d'un alliage de cuivre-antimoine d'un diamètre de 10 mm.
8. Electrode fusible suivant la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que les barres (3-5; 3-11) sont réparties symétriquement.
9. Electrode fusible suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les parties massives sont réparties, sous forme de tronçons (13), uniformément dans le mélange de poudres (2) de CuCr (figure 3).
10. Electrode fusible suivant la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que la structure de l'électrode est constituée d'un tube (41) dont la surface latérale extérieure est en un alliage de cuivre-tellure ou de cuivre-sélénium ou de cuivre-antimoine, et dans lequel est disposé un mélange de poudres (42) de cuivre-chrome (figure 4).
11. Electrode fusible suivant la revendication 2, dans laquelle le tellure est le constituant volatil, caractérisé en ce que la teneur atomique en tellure de la partie massive est inférieure ou égale à 8,2% et une poudre de cuivre-chrome ou une poudre de chrome pur est utilisée, ce qui permet de produire un matériau CuCrTe ayant une teneur atomique en tellure allant jusqu'à 4,1%.
12. Electrode fusible suivant la revendication 2, dans laquelle le constituant volatil est le sélénium, caractérisée en ce que la teneur atomique en sélénium de la partie massive est inférieure ou égale à 2,2% et une poudre cuivre-chrome ou une poudre de chrome pur est utilisée, ce qui permet de produire un matériau CuCrSe ayant une teneur atomique en sélénium allant jusqu'à 1,1%.
13. Electrode fusible suivant la revendication 2, dans laquelle le constituant volatil est l'antimoine, caractérisée en ce que la teneur atomique en antimoine de la partie massive est inférieure ou égale à 11% et une poudre cuivre-chrome ou une poudre de chrome pur est utilisée, ce qui permet de produire un matériau CuCrSb ayant une teneur atomique en antimoine allant jusqu'à 5,5%.
14. Electrode fusible suivant la revendication 7 ou la revendication 11, caractérisée en ce que les barres sont en un alliage CuTe ayant une teneur atomique en tellure comprise entre 0,4 et 0,7%.
EP88117417A 1987-11-02 1988-10-19 Procédé de fabrication de matériau à fondre contenant du cuivre, du chrome et au moins un composant volatil et électrode consommable utilisée dans ce procédé Expired - Lifetime EP0314981B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3737135 1987-11-02
DE3737135 1987-11-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0314981A1 EP0314981A1 (fr) 1989-05-10
EP0314981B1 true EP0314981B1 (fr) 1991-09-18

Family

ID=6339604

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88117417A Expired - Lifetime EP0314981B1 (fr) 1987-11-02 1988-10-19 Procédé de fabrication de matériau à fondre contenant du cuivre, du chrome et au moins un composant volatil et électrode consommable utilisée dans ce procédé

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4906291A (fr)
EP (1) EP0314981B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH0784628B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR960006449B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1018934B (fr)
DE (1) DE3864979D1 (fr)
IN (1) IN171315B (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH02500554A (ja) * 1987-07-28 1990-02-22 シーメンス、アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト 真空開閉装置用接触材料及びその製法
DE3915155A1 (de) * 1989-05-09 1990-12-20 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur herstellung von schmelzwerkstoffen aus kupfer, chrom und wenigstens einer sauerstoffaffinen komponente sowie abschmelzelektrode zur verwendung bei einem derartigen verfahren
GB2344110A (en) * 1998-11-27 2000-05-31 George Mcelroy Carloss The production of alloy granules and their use in hydrogen generation
JP2011108380A (ja) * 2009-11-13 2011-06-02 Hitachi Ltd 真空バルブ用電気接点およびそれを用いた真空遮断器
CN102286673B (zh) * 2011-08-29 2013-04-17 上海理工大学 一种CuCr25Me合金铸坯的制备方法
CN103706783B (zh) * 2013-10-15 2017-02-15 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 一种高抗熔焊性CuCr40Te触头材料及其制备方法
KR102172848B1 (ko) * 2017-02-07 2020-11-02 주식회사 엘지화학 장수명에 적합한 이차전지용 전극의 제조방법
CN111593224B (zh) * 2020-04-22 2021-05-07 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 一种铜铬电弧熔炼用自耗电极棒的制备方法

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4836071B1 (fr) * 1968-07-30 1973-11-01
US3933474A (en) * 1974-03-27 1976-01-20 Norton Company Leech alloying
US4088475A (en) * 1976-11-04 1978-05-09 Olin Corporation Addition of reactive elements in powder wire form to copper base alloys
CA1202490A (fr) * 1981-08-26 1986-04-01 Charles B. Adasczik Methode de refonte d'un alliage
DE3303170A1 (de) * 1983-01-31 1984-08-02 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Verfahren zum herstellen von kupfer-chrom-schmelzlegierungen als kontaktwerkstoff fuer vakuum-leistungsschalter
US4481030A (en) * 1983-06-01 1984-11-06 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Tantalum-copper alloy and method for making
DE3344684A1 (de) * 1983-12-10 1985-06-20 Leybold-Heraeus GmbH, 5000 Köln Geschlossener lichtbogenofen fuer abschmelzelektroden
EP0172411B1 (fr) * 1984-07-30 1988-10-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Contacteur sous vide avec des pièces de contact de CuCr et procédé pour la fabrication de tels pièces

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR960006449B1 (ko) 1996-05-16
DE3864979D1 (de) 1991-10-24
US4906291A (en) 1990-03-06
CN1041975A (zh) 1990-05-09
CN1018934B (zh) 1992-11-04
EP0314981A1 (fr) 1989-05-10
IN171315B (fr) 1992-09-19
JPH0784628B2 (ja) 1995-09-13
JPH01149930A (ja) 1989-06-13
KR890008336A (ko) 1989-07-10

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