EP0395658A1 - Vecteurs viraux d'integration et d'expression - Google Patents
Vecteurs viraux d'integration et d'expressionInfo
- Publication number
- EP0395658A1 EP0395658A1 EP19880908707 EP88908707A EP0395658A1 EP 0395658 A1 EP0395658 A1 EP 0395658A1 EP 19880908707 EP19880908707 EP 19880908707 EP 88908707 A EP88908707 A EP 88908707A EP 0395658 A1 EP0395658 A1 EP 0395658A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gene
- vector
- heterologous
- sequence
- cells
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/85—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells
- C12N15/86—Viral vectors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2740/00—Reverse transcribing RNA viruses
- C12N2740/00011—Details
- C12N2740/10011—Retroviridae
- C12N2740/11011—Alpharetrovirus, e.g. avian leucosis virus
- C12N2740/11041—Use of virus, viral particle or viral elements as a vector
- C12N2740/11043—Use of virus, viral particle or viral elements as a vector viral genome or elements thereof as genetic vector
Definitions
- the present invention relates to new viral vectors for integration and expression of a heterologous gene in avian cells and constitutes a development of the invention, subject of patent applications FR 84 15764 and EP 178 996 (85 40 1999) to which reference should be made to the best understanding of this request.
- the present invention also relates to plasmids for integration and expression of a heterologous gene in competent cells.
- the present invention further relates to cells infected or transfected with these viral vectors or plasmids.
- the present invention relates to a method of producing a protein by culturing these infected or transfected cells, as well as to a method of genetic modification of animals using these viral vectors.
- the retroviral genome represents an integrated structure that controls cyclic functioning; one of the phases of this operation involves regular integration of the viral genome into cellular DNA. With this characteristic are associated other properties which, by various mechanisms, confer on some of these viruses pathogenic properties towards their hosts.
- An object of the present invention is to use certain properties of retroviral structures to transfer genes to whole animals, in their somatic structures, for "gene therapy", or in their germinal structures, for transmission. to the offspring.
- it is necessary to decompose the functioning of the retroviral structure in order to keep only the components whose use is justified, by the objective sought.
- all the parts likely to exert pathogenic effects will be eliminated.
- any transmission, to target subjects, of potentially dangerous oncogenes or of structures capable of allowing viral multiplication to continue in the chosen target should be absolutely prohibited.
- An object of the invention is in fact to obtain viral vectors capable of a high transfer efficiency, usable for infecting the animal and, to do this, to obtain that the viruses, actively multiplied in vitro, are capable to fit into the animai but become unable to multiply there.
- An object of the present invention is therefore to produce vectors free of oncogenic sequences and capable of transporting other genes, in a configuration allowing the most efficient expression possible of these.
- the aim has been to optimize retroviral vectors, which is the subject of the preceding patents cited above.
- the subject of the present invention is in fact a viral vector for integration and expression of at least one heterologous gene in avian cells, characterized in that it consists of all or part of the proviral genome of avian erythroblastosis or a related virus in which the said heterologous gene (s) replace (s) the v-erbA gene and / or the v-erbB gene and in that (s) says (s) gene (s) is (are), either under control of an LTR promoter of the same virus in which case the heterologous gene (s) mimic (s) the gene (s) that it (s) replaces (s) is under the control of a heterologous promoter, in which case an additional att sequence is positioned upstream of said heterologous promoter.
- heterologous gene is meant a gene which is not normally present in the genome of the avian erythroblastosis virus. It may be a so-called “useful” gene coding for a protein of industrial interest intended to be obtained by cell culture or else a gene which may be of particular interest in the treatment or breeding of birds, in particular chickens, a gene ensuring vaccination or better development, for example, or it can be a marker gene, in particular resistance to an antibiotic.
- heterologous promoter is intended to denote an effective promoter which is not normally present in the genome of the virus, it may especially be a eukaryotic promoter. Mention may in particular be made of the promoter of the simian virus SV40.
- viral vectors mentioned in the context of the present invention can be either plasmid vectors or optionally DNA fragments as true RNA viral vectors as has already been mentioned in the previous patents of the applicant.
- viruses more particularly concerned with the present invention are AEV and related viruses of the ALSV type, as well as non-defective viruses of the RAV type.
- a major difficulty in the expression of genes carried by vectors derived from AEV results from the particular translation mechanism of the erb-A and erb-B oncogenes in wild AEV: translation is not not initiated at respective AUG codons of these genes (v-erbA has no AUG; the AUG of v-erbB is an internal codon). The initiation is done at the initiator codon of the residue of the gag gene located 5 'of the erb-A gene. This results in the production of two fusion proteins called gag-erbA and gag-erbB.
- the neo gene was inserted either in place of the erb-A oncogene or in place of the erb-B oncogene and, for each of the two positions, it was inserted either in the same phase of reading that the oncogene it replaces, is in a different reading phase.
- the 3 ′ terminal pan of the gag gene residue was removed in order to reduce the length of the gag-neo fusion protein. In others, this region has simply been displaced, so as to retain the functions of packaging and of stimulation of transcription which it is capable of exercising. We sought to determine, in particular:
- neomycin phosphotransferase protein which does not contain the terminal amino acids NH2 coded by the gag gene and whose translation would be initiated at the AUG level specific to the neoR gene.
- the expression of a heterologous gene is maximum when its translation mechanism mimics that of the erb-A or erb-B oncogenes it replaces.
- a competition is then established between the AUG of the gag gene and that of the heterologous gene for the initiation of translation; this competition is totally to the advantage of the viral AUG.
- An improvement consists in introducing a translation stop signal in the gag gene.
- This signal allows a reinitiation of the AUG translation of the heterologous gene and therefore the production of a protein not fused to the viral protein gag. Indeed, it proves necessary for certain applications, to obtain a specific expression of the exogenous sequence, in order to preserve all the characteristics of the encoded protein.
- the heterologous gene (s) is (are) therefore under the dependence of an avian LTR promoter and it (s ) mimics the gene (s) it replaces.
- the vector comprises a first heterologous marker gene in the v-erbA position and a second heterologous gene useful in the v-erbB position.
- the essential interest of the vectors in question is indeed to be able to replace, between the two LTRs, the two oncogenes by a marker gene and a utility gene.
- the resistant strains no longer produce the protein of interest, although they retain the expression of the marker gene. This occurs with notable frequency when the ' resistance ' gene is placed in 3 '.
- the conservation of the utility gene is much better.
- One of the explanations could be that this comes from a splicing at the level of the transcription process. The 5 'end is spliced and would cause the gene at the 5' end to disappear in some translations.
- the second gene at the 3 'end is well expressed and when it is the marker gene, this confers resistance on the cells, which are therefore selected.
- the utility gene should be placed in the 3 ′ position, namely v-erbB. Under these conditions, all the cells which will be selected for resistance will also be producer cells.
- the said heterologous gene (s) are found (s) translated from the AUG of the gag gene or from its own AUG (s) but always in the same reading frame as that of the gag gene.
- the first heterologous marker gene is translated from the AUG of the gag gene and the second useful heterologous gene is translated from the AUG of the gag gene or its own AUG.
- a stop codon is introduced between the gag gene and the useful heterologous gene or the AUG proper of said useful gene.
- the stop codon is located at an optimal distance of 65 nucleotides from the AUG codon of said useful gene.
- Another object of the invention is to produce vectors capable of prolonging the lifespan in cell cultures.
- Vectors in accordance with this first embodiment have therefore also been produced in which a marker gene is inserted in the v-erbB position and a fusion gene composed of the sequence ⁇ gag and of the sequence of the oncogene v-myc derived from the genome avian retrovirus MC29 in position v-erbA or also vectors which have the p53 gene in position v-erbA or v-erbB and a marker gene in position v-erbB or v-erbA respectively. These latter vectors confer sustainability properties on the avian cells they infect.
- An 88 bp segment carrying the att sequence was extracted from a pJS21 clone carrying an LTR doublet. This segment was inserted into different plasmids.
- a first heterologous marker gene is in the v-erbA position under the dependence of an avian 5 'LTR promoter and a second useful heterologous gene is in the v-erbB position under the dependence of a heterologous promoter, the vector comprising an additional att sequence positioned upstream of the heterologous promoter.
- the 5 ′ and 3 ′ ends that is to say the two LTRs are caused to merge the central part of this fusion is called the att sequence.
- this additional att sequence being followed for example by an SV40 promoter or by any heterologous promoter promoting a gene, it is found that some of the transformed cells express the gene placed under the promotion of said heterologous promoter. This corresponds to constructions in which the 5 ′ and 3 ′ LTR structures remain fused, that is to say that the additional att sequence served for integration.
- the advantage of using a non retroviral eukaryotic promoter different from the LTR promoter is that one can put a promoter which is inducible which is not possible in the case of the LTR promoter, or even a tissue specific promoter target.
- a part of the U5 sequence of the 5 'LTR can be deleted so that after a retroviral cycle, only the additional att sequence which ensures integration remains functional.
- a 23 bp deletion is carried out in the 3 'terminal region of the U5 sequence of the
- the vector is characterized in that the second heterologous gene is in position v-erbB framed by the heterologous promoter and the heterologous poiyadényiation sequence and in that the whole (promoter - useful gene - poiyadényiation sequence) is in orientation opposite to the transcriptional meaning retrovirai.
- the promoter of the simian virus SV40 can be mentioned.
- virions are most conveniently carried out on immortalized cell lines. Two lines which exhibit these properties are used: - the QT6 line of quail cells, resulting from the treatment of these cells with chemical carcinogens. Unfortunately, quail cells only multiply viruses belonging to certain subgroups; - an iymphoblastoid chicken cell line (RPL line) derived from cells treated with Marek's disease virus. The use of this line only begins. The previous lines are not viroproductive.
- helper adjuvant
- Another object of the present invention is therefore to construct a permanent helper cell line capable of producing helper free viral preparations.
- EP 178 996 we used to construct vectors capable of transforming a normal cell into helper cells, a TK promoter or an SV40 promoter, the starting points for the constructions being the classic helper of the AEV virus, RAV-1 in particular.
- an LTR promoter is used to which the deletions have been made to suppress the packaging capacity of the RNA encoded by this vector.
- the present invention in fact also relates to a vector capable of transforming a normal avian cell into a helper cell characterized in that it comprises the three gag-poi-env genes of the RAV-1 virus placed under the transcriptional control of an LTR of the same virus to which various deletions have been made in order to suppress the packaging ability of the RNA encoded by this vector.
- the vector comprises a marker gene placed 3 'to the env gene and a second splice acceptor site upstream of the marker gene.
- the env gene has been deleted.
- the gag and poi gene have been deleted and replaced by a marker gene, the remaining env gene being preceded by a splice acceptor site.
- the present invention therefore also relates to a plasmid for integration and expression of a heterologous gene in avian cells, characterized in that it comprises a composite DNA sequence reverse transcribed from a retroviral vector.
- the subject of the present invention is a plasmid for integration and expression of a heterologous gene in competent cells, characterized in that it is a DNA plasmid comprising at least one sequence att d 'a retrovirus ensuring integration into cellular DNA.
- the virions obtained by transfection of such a plasmid and of an assistant virus must then contain the products coded by the pol gene, namely the reverse transcriptase and integrase conjugates, introduced during the packaging processes without the gene corresponding is part of the packaged genome. As a result, the genome can be integrated while remaining capable of determining the formation of functional virions.
- the present invention therefore also relates to cells infected with a viral vector or transfected with a plasmid according to the invention.
- the cell is capable of complementing the viral vector.
- the subject of the present invention is a process for the production of a protein encoded by a heterologous gene, characterized in that infected or transfected cells according to the invention are cultivated.
- the subject of the present invention is a process for the genetic modification of animals, characterized in that the germ cells or the cells to be treated are infected with a viral vector, according to the present invention.
- the germ cells or the cells to be treated can be infected with a viral vector which does not produce a virus, according to the invention.
- the present invention finally relates to a process for producing avian helper cells or for immortalizing avian cells, characterized in that normal avian cells are transfected or co-transfected with some of the vectors according to the invention cited above.
- the examples below describe the constructions of various vectors produced:
- This defective retrovirus comprises two oncogenes v-erb A and v-erb B expressed independently from two distinct RNAs (see FIG. 1). These two oncogenes were deleted in order to use the AEV genome in constructs capable of carrying two genes inserted at positions v-erb A and v-erb B respectively.
- a single gene (the gene coding for neomycin phosphotransferase, the gene NeoR, conferring resistance to the antibiotic G418) was inserted either in position v-erb A or in position v-erb B.
- the AUG translation initiator codon of the inserted gene is placed or not in phase with the AUG of the residual fraction of the retroviral gag gene ( ⁇ gag).
- vectors have been constructed in which retroviral sequences described as being necessary for the integration of the provirus into the genome of the target cells (sequence att), were placed 5 ′ of the genes inserted into these vectors.
- the examples have two main components:
- FIG. 1 shows the structure of the genome of wild AEV (obtained from Dr J.M. Bishop, US San Francisco), associated with transcribed and mature RNA (solid lines) as well as translated polypeptides (thick dashes).
- the v-erb A and v-erb B genes are translated from the AUG of the gag gene to form the fusion proteins p75 gag-erb A and p61 erb B.
- FIG. 2 shows the construction of the vectors pTSN and pTXN3 '.
- These vectors are directly derived from the p3Rgag-J-env2LTR (or pTS) vectors for pTSN, pTSN and pXJ12 for pTXN3 ', according to the procedure indicated below.
- pTSN this involves the establishment of the Neor gene in position 5 ′ at the XbaI site, behind the gag sequence of the vector.
- pTXN3 ' it corresponds to the vector pXJ12 with regard to the position of the Neor gene. The difference lies in the disappearance of any oncogenic sequence. vector sequence, LTR doublet, Neor gene, pBR 322.
- FIG. 3 shows the construction of the vectors pTXN3 'gag- and pTXhoN. These vectors are directly derived from the vector pTXII3 'according to the approach indicated below.
- PTXN3 'gag derives from DTXN3' after deletion of the gag sequence between the xhoI and XbaI sites.
- the construction of pTXhoN represents the establishment of the Neor gene in position 5 ′ at the Xhol site without taking into account the reading phase of the gag gene. vector sequence, LTR doublet, Neor gene, pBR 322.
- - Figure 4 shows the construction of the vector pTXN5 '.
- This vector is indirectly derived from pTXN3 '.
- the purpose of this construction is to set up the Neor gene in the 5 ′ position, at the Xhol site, in the reading phase with the AUG of the gag gene of the vector.
- the sequences indicated in the figure and represented in triplet correspond to the enzymatic sites present or created by the insertion of linkers. Each triplet represents a codon thus indicating the open reading frame with the AUG of the gag gene and of the vector.
- sequences represented in FIG. 5 correspond to the coding portions (representation in triplet of bases) separating the AUG of the gag (*) gene from the AUG of the Neor gene in the different vectors.
- An additional AUG is present in the sequences of the TSN and XJI vectors. It actually belongs to a sequence of the Tn5 transposon from which the Neor gene is derived.
- the AUG in parentheses in the sequence of XJI represents an AUG of the v-erb B gene still present in this vector (see patent EP 8540019999).
- the sequences represent the RNA after splicing (the sign / indicates the fusion between the splicing donor site and the acceptor site).
- - Figure 6 shows the construction of the vector pNL 35P.
- the plasmid pMC 1871 marketed by Pharmacia, was digested with the enzyme SalI, and the 3.1 kb fragment carrying the LacZ gene was purified on an agarose gel. This fragment was inserted into the unique Xhol site (the Xhol and SalI sites are compatible) located in the gag region of the vector.
- the LacZ gene in this vector does not have its own AUG, it is translated from the AUG of the delta-gag retroviral gene, and is expressed in the form of the delta-gag-Lacz fusion protein.
- the LacZ gene reading frame is in phase with the AUG of delta-gag.
- the plasmid pMMuLVSV-LacZ was doubly digested with the enzymes HindIII and BamHI, and the ends were repaired by Klenow polymerase.
- the 3.5 kb fragment carrying the Lacz gene and the 280 bp fragment of the gpt gene was purified on an agarose gel and then integrated into the pTXN5 'vector, previously linearized with the enzyme EcoRI and the ends repaired by the polymerase. from Klenow. This results in the vector pNL 53 gpt.
- the 280 bp fragment of the gpt gene is represented by:
- FIG. 10 shows the construction of the vector pNL 35 P (Example 2).
- FIG. 11 represents the construction of the pNc GH vector (Example 2).
- FIG. 13 shows the cloning of the murine p 53 gene in TXN 5 '(Example 2).
- FIG. 14 shows the cloning of the chicken p53 gene in TXN 5 '.
- FIG. 16 shows the subcloning of the "att" sequence provided with the polylinker in the plasmid PX343.
- the 420 bp fragments (or 508 for that derived from Matt55) are released, by PvuII digestion from the clones Matt3, Matt5 and Matt55, and purified on agarose gel. This fragment is cut with EcoRI and the 266 bp (or 354 bp) fragment is recovered which is purified on agarose gel.
- the outgoing 5 'ends generated by this enzyme are filled with KLENOW polymerase, - and the fragments subcloned upstream of the SV40 promoter from the plasmid PX343 previously linearized by the enzyme PvuII and dephosphorylated.
- FIG. 17 shows the construction of the pAFY retroviral vectors.
- the PXatt plasmids were linearized by the Fspl endonuclease, and on the blunt ends generated by this enzyme, were ligated to HindIII linkers.
- the 4 kb fragments carrying the "att" -gene Hygro sequence with the SV40 promoter are isolated on an agarose gel after HindIII digestion, then inserted into the HindIII site of pCNH. Insertion into this vector can be done in both directions. Two types of pAFY vectors are obtained, and identified by restriction mapping.
- pAFY53, pAFY55, pAFY555 as the vectors carrying the att-hygro set in the same direction as that of the retroviral transcription
- vectors pAFY33, pAFY35, pAFY355 as the vectors carrying this set inserted in the opposite direction.
- B BamHI
- E EcoRI
- Hd HindIII
- K KpnI
- FIG. 18 shows the pAFY retroviral vectors.
- FIG. 20 is a schematic representation of the recombinant coliphage M13mp18 ⁇ U5.
- the circle in a single line represents the coliphage genome M13mp18.
- the part in double line represents the mutated LTR and its flanking sequences.
- the first line of sequence corresponds to that of the 3 'end of the mutated U5 sequence of the LTR, the second to the deleted part (23 bp).
- FIG. 21 shows the insertion of the neomycin resistance gene into the recombinant coliphage M13mp18 ⁇ U5.
- This figure illustrates the stage of construction of the recombinant coliphage M13mp18 U5Néo from M13mp18 U5.
- FIG. 22 shows the construction of the plasmid PSVph (Example 3).
- FIG. 23 shows the construction of the plasmid BSK + att LTR (Example 3).
- FIG. 24 shows the construction of the plasmid pPCYS64 (Example 3).
- FIG. 25 shows the construction of the plasmid pCYS84.
- - Figure 26 shows the construction of the clone pDIPO 123 carrying the promoter of the defective vector pHF 13. The fragments represented after the various digestions are obtained by separation on agarose gel followed by electroelution. coding sequence of retroviral genes, non-coding retroviral sequence, pBR 322.
- FIG. 27 shows the construction of the pGAS-Cla clone carrying the polyadenylation signal of the defective helper pHF 13.
- the fragments represented after the various digestions are obtained by separation on agarose gel followed by electroelution. origin of replication of the SV40 virus, containing the promoter and enhancer of early genes, poiyadényiation signal of the SV40 early genes, pro engine of the herpes simplex I virus thymidine kinase gene, signal for polyadenyiation of the thymidine kinase gene of the Herpes Simplex I virus
- - Figure 28 shows the construction of the pHP2 clone carrying the gag-pol-env genes under the transcriptional control of the promoter of the SV40 early genes.
- the fragments represented after the various digestions are obtained by separation on agarose gel followed by electroelution.
- - Figure 29 shows the deletion of the encapsidation and assembly sequence of the pHF 13 clone.
- the fragments represented after the various digestions are obtained by separation on agarose gel followed by electroelution.
- retroviral genes coding sequence of retroviral genes, non-coding retroviral sequence, pBR 322 or coliphage M13 mp11, origin of replication of the SV40 virus, containing the promoter and enhancing the early genes, SV40 early genes poiyadényiation signal, signal of poiyadényiation of the gene of the thymidine kinase of the virus Herpes Simplex I, ⁇ indicates the deletion of the encapsidation sequence.
- FIG. 30 shows the compared structure of the RAV-1 genome with that of pHF 13.
- B Detailed map of the promoter region of pHF 13.
- c Description of the deletion of the packaging sequence in the pHF 13 genome.
- Figure 31 represents the structure and the operation of the various helper vectors constructed.
- the boxes represent the structure of the different genomes. These are associated with transcribed and mature RNAs (solid lines), as well as translated polypeptides (thick dashes). ds and as are the donor and acceptor splice sites.
- ⁇ and ⁇ represent the translation initiator and terminator codons.
- FIG. 32 shows the construction of the plasmid Sa-H.
- . ds and sa are the donor and acceptor splicing sites.
- Kb and bp kilopairs of bases and base pairs.
- Hp Hpal
- N Notl
- P PVUII
- Si SalI
- Sp SphI
- Sm SmaI
- Ss SstI
- St StvI
- Xb XbaI
- Xh XhoI
- Nr NARI.
- FIG. 33 shows the construction of the helper vector pGPEM.
- FIG. 34 shows the construction of the pGPH return helper.
- FIG. 36 represents the construction of the helper vectors pE A .pA and pUC.Env B pA.
- FIG. 39 represents the construction of the helper vectors p.Ph.E A and pPh.E B.
- FIG. 40 shows the construction of the retroviral vectors pNE A and pNE B.
- the pTSN clone is prepared from the pBRgag-J-env2LTR (pTS) clone which contains the genome. AEV free of its oncogenic sequences (see patent No. 85 4019999).
- the gene coding for neomycin phosphotransferase II (Neo) derived from the Tn5 transposon, is provided with XbaI linkers at its ends. It is inserted by ligation into the vector pTS previously linearized after digestion by linkzyme XbaI.
- the Neo gene is inserted in the same direction as the direction of transcription of the viral genes.
- the AUG of the Neo gene is located at 803 nucleotides from the AUG of the gag gene and is not in the same reading frame as the latter (FIG. 5).
- the pTXN3 'clone is derived from both the pTS and pXJ12 clones (see patent No. 85 4019999).
- the pTS and pXJ12 clones are successively digested with the enzymes Apal and EcoRI.
- the 1.2 kb fragment originating from the clone pXJ12 after digestion and containing the Neo gene, is purified by electroelution after separation on agarose gel. This fragment is then cloned into the vector pTS previously digested to form the clone pTXN3 '.
- the pTXN3 'clone has the characteristics of the two clones from which it is derived:
- the clone pTXN3 'gag- is directly derived from the clone pTXN3' (paragraph 2, Figure 2).
- the clone pTXN3 ' is digested successively by the enzymes Xhol and Xbal. The ends thus obtained are repaired by DNA polymerase I fragment called Klenow (Klenow polymerase). The vector is then purified by electroelution after separation on an agarose gel, and religated. The clone pTXN3 ′ gag- obtained is thus deleted from approximately 600 nuciotisides of the 3 ′ terminal part of the gag gene.
- the clone pTXN3 '(paragraph 2, FIG. 2) is successively digested with the enzymes NdeI and EcoRI. The ends obtained are repaired by Klenow polymerase. The fragments are then purified by electroelution after separation on an agarose gel.
- the fragment corresponding to the vector is religated on itself to form the pTX clone.
- This pTX clone is digested by the Xhol enzyme, its ends are repaired by Klenow polymerase.
- the fragment corresponding to the Neor gene is cloned into the clone pTX to form the clone pTXhoN.
- the Neo gene is oriented in the same direction as the direction of transcription of the viral genes.
- the AUG of the Neo gene is located at 255 nucleotides from the AUG of the gag gene and is not in the same reading frame as the latter (FIG. 3).
- the clone pTXN3 ' (paragraph 2, FIG. 2) is linearized after digestion with the enzyme BglII. After repair of the ends with Klenow polymerase, the clone is ligated in the presence of XbaI linkers to form the clone pTXN3'Xba.
- the pTXN3'Xba clone is successively digested with the NdeI enzyme and partially digested with the Xbal enzyme.
- the fragment corresponding to the Neo gene is purified by electroelution after separation on agarose gel.
- the clone pTXN3 ' is digested successively by the enzymes NdeI and BglII.
- the ends are repaired by Klenow polymerase and religated to form the pTX clone. It can be noted that this operation reconstitutes the BglII site, the NdeI site being destroyed.
- the pTX clone is then linearized after digestion with the Xhol enzyme. The ends are repaired by Klenow polymerase. The clone is then religated in the presence of BglII linkers (the exact sequence of which is indicated in FIG. 4) to form the clone pTXBglII. This clone is subjected to an overdigestion by the enzyme BglII to eliminate the excess of linker, and religated. It can be noted that the addition of a linker
- the clone pTXBglII is in turn linearized after digestion with the enzyme BglII. The ends are repaired by Klenow polymerase. The clone is religated in the presence of NdeI linkers (the exact sequence of which is indicated in FIG. 4) to form the clone pTXNde. This operation destroys the BglII site. The excess of Ndel linkers is eliminated by over-digestion.
- the pTXNde clone is successively digested by the enzymes XbaI and Ndel. It is then ligated with the NdeI-XbaI fragment, corresponding to the Neo gene previously isolated from the clone pTXN3'Xba, to form the clone pTXN5 '.
- the pTXN5 'clone thus contains:
- the Neor gene is positioned in the same direction as the direction of transcription of the viral genes.
- the AUG of the Neo gene is located 267 nuciotisides of the AUG of the gag gene and is in the same reading frame as the latter (FIG. 5).
- the various constructions carried out were transfected onto CEF in culture.
- the cells expressing the neoR gene are selected in the presence of G148.
- An initial supply of helper virus makes it possible to obtain viral vector particles in the supernatant of the cultures. These particles have been used to infect other fibroblasts which, in turn, become resistant to the selection antibiotic.
- the cellular proteins are then extracted and the neomycin phosphotransferase activity measured.
- NeoR gene is inserted in the same reading phase as that of the oncogene it replaces (production of gag-neo fusion proteins; vectors TXN5 ', XJ12, TXN3' and TXN3 'gag-); 2. to obtain the production of a neomycin phosphotransferase protein, the translation of which is initiated at the AUG specific to the neoR gene, the latter was inserted into a reading phase different from that of the oncogene which it replaces.
- the neomycin phosphotransferase activity detected is relatively low when the gene is in the erbB position (XJ1); this activity is below the sensitivity threshold of the method when the gene is placed in the erb-A position (TXhoN and TSN). Although very weak, this activity is sufficient to give these cells resistance to G418;
- deletion of the 3 'terminal part of the gag gene residue reduces the neomycin phosphotransferase activity by a factor of 2 (compare TXN3' with TXN3'gag-). In RSV, this region contains an enhancer-like sequence. The observed effect could therefore be exerted by a transcriptional mechanism.
- the presence of the erb-A gene in the vector results in a doubling of the quantity of enzymes produced. This effect may be related to the stimulatory action of this gene on cell multiplication.
- EXAMPLE 2 Vector carrying two genes respectively in position v-erbA and v-erbB
- NeoR coding for neomycin phosphotransferase is present in all these vectors with two genes; it is placed either in the position of the v-erbA oncogene or in the position of the v-erbB oncogene. In the unoccupied position we have placed:
- the lacZ gene is isolated from the plasmid pMC 1871 (FIG. 6), by digestion with the enzyme SalI.
- the 3.1 kb fragment is purified on agarose gel, then inserted into the Xhol site of pTXN3 '; the Xhol and SalI ends are compatible and lead to the recreation of the SalI sites.
- this vector carries:
- the delta-Gag-LacZ fusion protein is functional in chicken cells (CEF), since the enzymatic activity which results in a blue coloration in the presence of X-Gal (5-bromo, 4-chloro, 3-indolyl, BD galactopyranoside) was revealed in cells that received this vector.
- this vector makes it possible to highlight and study the functioning of 2 genes simultaneously, the gene coding for resistance to neomycin (cells cultured on a medium containing G 418 continue to grow), and the gene coding for beta -galactosidase whose activity is demonstrated by the blue coloration of the cells in presence of X-Gal.
- the vector pTXN5 It is derived from the vector pTXN5 'described in Figure 4..
- the vector pTXN5 ' was linearized by the enzyme EcoRI and the ends were repaired by Klenow polymerase to obtain blunt ends.
- the plasmid pMMuLVSV LacZ (obtained from JF Nicholas (Sanes JS et al 1986, EMBO J.5; 3133- 3142)) carries the bacterial gene LacZ of 3.5 kb limited by the HindIII and BamHI sites in the genome of the murine retrovirus MMuLV. This LacZ gene comprises in its 5 ′ part approximately 280 bp of the gpt gene. .
- This plasmid is doubly digested with BamHI and HindIII, the 3.5 kb LacZ fragment is purified on an agarose gel and the ends are repaired by Klenow polymerase. This fragment is inserted into the pTXN 5 'vector prepared as indicated above. This results in the vector pNL 53.
- this vector like the vector pNL 35 has the potential to express 2 genes: Neo and LacZ.
- the LacZ gene can be expressed from the AUG carried by the sequence of the gpt gene in position -15 (FIG. 7). This AUG is in the same reading frame as the sequence of the LacZ gene. .
- the functional protein coded by the LacZ gene is not a fusion protein in this case because the translation initiated at the AUG of delta-gag must be stopped by one of the 4 termination codons (TAG, TGA, TGA and TGA ) located in the sequence of the gpt gene, placed upstream of the LacZ gene ( Figure 7).
- vectors which carry the same genes as the vectors pNL 35 and pNL 53, that is to say the bacterial genes Néo and LacZ. These vectors are:
- the LacZ gene has its own AUG (which was not the case in the vector pNL 35) in a reading frame different from that of the delta-gag sequence.
- - pNL 53 P the sequence of the gpt gene present in the vector pNL 53 gpt has been deleted.
- the coding sequence of the LacZ gene is placed in the same reading frame as that of the delta-gag sequence.
- - pNL 53 AUG P identical to the previous vector (pNL 53 AUG) but the initiator codon AUG of the LacZ gene is in the same reading frame as that of the delta-gag sequence.
- - pNL nls 35 identical to the vector pNL 35 but with the insertion of an additional sequence called nls (nuciear localization-sequence) upstream of the LacZ gene. This sequence confers a peri-nuclear localization on the enzyme produced by the LacZ ( ⁇ -galactosidase) gene, ie a blue peri-nuclear coloration in the presence of the X-Gal substrate.
- b) 2nd group These are vectors which carry 2 genes, one of which is the Neor gene.
- bl) - pNcGH this vector has a Neor gene in position of the v-erbA oncogene, and a gene coding for avian GH (avian growth hormone) in position of the v-erbB oncogene; this avian cGH gene is represented by complementary DNA synthesized from messenger RNAs producing avian GH. This gene was produced by SANOFI-Toulouse.
- this vector has a gene
- This vector gives the cells that host it, characteristics of cell sustainability and transformation.
- p53 genes 4 vectors have been constructed. All have the Neor gene in position v-erbA and a gene coding for the protein P53 in position v-erbB. These P53 genes are represented by complementary DNAs (cDNAs). * 2 vectors carrying a P53 cDNA of murine origin. They differ in the orientation of this gene placed in the retrovirai direction (p53S5) or in the reverse direction (p53S6).
- the vector p53P4 appears to have an effect similar to the vectors carrying the v-erbA oncogene, that is to say a positive influence on cell multiplication.
- these vectors carry a v gene (encoding the retroviral envelope); one being the subgroup A env gene (pN.E A ), the other being the subgroup B env gene (pN.E B ), the splice acceptor site, preceding the env gene, has been reported during construction with the env gene.
- This site comes from the RAV virus providing the env gene, either RAVI for pN.E A , or RAV2 for pN.E B.
- the cells hosting this vector express: constitutively the gene env. This expression leads the cell in question to retroviral resistance against viruses of the same subgroup. In addition, these cells are resistant to Neomycin.
- Vector pNL 35 AUG (FIG. 8) It derives from the vector pTXN3 'described in FIG. 2.
- the vector pMC 1871 of 7460 base pairs, described in FIG. 8, was linearized by the enzyme SalI and the fragment of 3000 base pairs carrying the LacZ gene was isolated on agarose gel and purified by electroelution. .
- This linearized vector was digested with the enzyme XbaI. The resulting 3097 base pair fragment was isolated on agarose gel and purified by electroelution. This fragment of 3097 base pairs, carrying the LacZ gene, was inserted into the vector pTXN3 'of 7857 base pairs.
- pNL vector 35 nls (FIG. 9) * This vector is derived from pTXN3 'described in FIG. 2.
- This vector pTXN3' has been linearized by the enzyme Xbal and the ends have been repaired by Klenow polymerase to obtain ends frank.
- This linearized vector was digested by the Xhol enzyme which generates cohesive ends.
- the resulting doubly digested vector of 7857 base pairs was isolated on agarose gel and purified by electroelution.
- the pGEM nls LACZ vector described in FIG. 9 carries the LacZ gene downstream of an nls (nuclear localization sequence) sequence.
- This vector was doubly digested by the enzymes SalI, which generates cohesive ends and Smal which generates blunt ends.
- the resulting 3.8 kb fragment was isolated on agarose gel and purified by electroelution. This 3.8 kb fragment was then inserted into the vector pTXN3 'of 7857 base pairs.
- This vector in addition to the properties of the vector NL 35, has the sequence nls upstream of the LacZ gene. This sequence allows the perinuclear localization of the LacZ protein towards the nuclear membrane.
- the cells which express this NL 35 nls vector have a blue perinuclear coloration, after treatment with Xgal, while the cells which express the NL 35 vector have a blue cytoplasmic coloration. , after the same treatment with Xgal.
- This vector is derived from pNL 53gpt described in FIG. 7.
- the pNL 53 P vector has the particularity of no longer having the gpt sequence, and of expressing the LacZ gene from the AUG of the ⁇ Gag residue which is in the same context of reading as the LacZ gene sequence.
- the coded functional protein is a Gag-LacZ fusion protein.
- pNcGH Construction of the vector pNcGH (FIG. 1) From the plasmid pCGH1 carrying the DNA complementary to the avian growth hormone gene, the 750 bp fragment HindIII-NcoI was isolated and the Ncol end made blunt by treatment with Klenow polymerase. This fragment carrying the avian growth hormone gene was inserted between the HindIII and EcoRI sites to replace the LacZ gene in the vector pNL 53. The resulting plasmid was called pNcGH. This vector carries the neomycin resistance gene in position v-erbA and the avian growth hormone gene cGH in position v-erbB.
- the latter carries in its 5 ′ part a stop codon and an initiator codon distant from 19 bp l of each other. These two codons are in the same reading frame as the AUG of the ⁇ -gag sequence. Cells infected with a viral stock of this vector become resistant to neomycin and should express the cGH gene, thus producing avian growth hormone.
- BS-myc a 3.5 kb BamHI fragment carrying the V-myc oncogene and part of the ⁇ -gag sequence was isolated and then inserted into the BamHI site of the Blue scribe plasmid.
- the resulting recombinant plasmid was called BS-myc.
- the 3.5 kb fragment delimited by the XhoI and XbaI sites and carrying the entire oncogene v-myc and part of the ⁇ -gag sequence was isolated and then inserted into the vector TXN3 '( Figure 12).
- the resulting vector was called pMN53.
- This vector comprising the v-myc oncogene and the neomycin resistance gene is capable, on the one hand, of transferring resistance to neomycin and, on the other hand, of inducing transformation capacities in the infected or transfected cells.
- the murine p53 gene cDNA was provided to us in the form of the plasmid pSV53c (FIG. 13) by the Marie Curie foundation research institute, England. We replaced, at 3 'of this gene, the BglII site with an EcoRI site. The EcoRI-EcoRI fragment corresponding to the cDNA of the murine p53 gene was then purified and cloned into the retroviral TXN 5 'vector previously digested with EcoRI.
- vectors were thus obtained: the vector p53S5 (+) which carries the cDNA of the murine p53 gene, cloned in position 3 ′ in the direction of the proviral transcription, the vector p53S6 (-) which carries the cDNA of the murine p53 gene, cloned in the opposite direction to the proviral transcription.
- the plasmid pTXN ⁇ J is partially digested with the enzyme StuI, then completely with the enzyme EcoRI. A fragment of
- the resulting 8.9 kb retroviral vectors are called pNE A or pNE B depending on the nature of the env gene subgroup.
- the neo gene they carry is expressed from a genomic RNA, while the env gene is expressed from a subgenomic RNA produced by splicing the former.
- the initiator codon of these genes is that of the ⁇ gag residue of the vector, and is in phase with the reading frame of the env gene and of the neo gene.
- these vectors have two potential sites of specifically retroviral integration; one consists of the natural "att” site located in the LTRs, the other corresponds to the supernumerary "att” site inserted inside the 5 'vector of the gene conferring resistance to hygromycin B.
- the "att" sequence is recovered on the one hand from Matt3 and Matt5 in a fragment of 266 bp and on the other hand from Matt55 in a fragment of 354 bp . These three fragments were integrated separately into the PvuII site of the plasmid pX343.
- the pXatt3 carries the "att" sequence oriented in the same direction of transcription as that of the gene coding for hygromycin.
- the pXatt5 carries the sequence "att" oriented in opposite direction compared to the pXatt3.
- the pXatt55 carries a doublet of sequence "att" placed in the same direction as the pXatt5.
- clones Six types of clones were obtained; they can be distinguished into two main categories: - either the 3.8 kb fragment is inserted in such a way that the direction of transcription of the gene coding for resistance to hygromycin corresponds to that of the retrovirus and the gene coding for neomycin phosphotransferase II, this is the case of the vectors pAFY53, pAFY55 and PAFY525 (FIG. 18); - Either the transcription orientation of the 3.8 kb HindIII fragment is opposite to that of the retrovirus; this is the case of the vectors pAFY35, pAFY33 and pAFY325 (FIG. 18).
- this vector has no other particular characteristics than those reported above.
- this vector is identical to the vector PCYS54 but has an additional "att" sequence like the vector pCYS84.
- the vector pCYS64 allows exclusive integration by the additional "att” sequence, the natural "att” sequence generated by the junction of the 2 LTRs, during the first retroviral cycle. is inactive due to the deletion created in the U5 sequence.
- the gene thus transferred is expressed under the dependence of the non-retroviral transcriptional promoter, in this case the SV40 promoter.
- the retroviral structure integrated by the additional "att” site has a doublet of LTR. This doublet is no longer capable of ensuring the functions of promoting transcription.
- the vectors pCYS54, pCYS74 and 84 constitute functional control systems on the one hand of the additional "att" sequence and, on the other hand, of the effect of the deletion practiced in the U5 region of the LTR5 '.
- the construction of the vector pCYS64 involved several steps:. 1) Mutagenesis of the U5 sequence of LTR5 '.
- the clone selected after examination by nucleotide sequencing has a 23bp deletion located exclusively in the 3 ′ terminal part of the U5 sequence
- the recombinant plasmid pSVPh corresponds to the clone which has been retained (FIG. 22).
- the plasmid pSVPh was linearized by partial digestion using HindIII. The ends were made blunt by treatment with the large fragment of Klenow polymerase. The linear molecules were digested again with the enzyme KpnI, and the 6.5 kb fragment was isolated. Between the KpnI site and the blunt end of this fragment, the fragment carrying the att sequence and the LTR was inserted to generate the recombinant plasmid pSVPh att LTR (FIG. 23). . 5) Construction of the final vector pCYS64.
- This vector constitutes a system for controlling the operation of the vector pCYS64. Its structure is identical to that of the vector pCYS64 but does not have the additional att sequence.
- step 4 Insertion of an att sequence and an LTR into the plasmid pSVPh in the construction of the vector pCYS64.
- the recombinant plasmid BSK + LTR was doubly digested with the endonucleases EcoRV and Xhol. The 4, kb fragment was isolated, the ends were blunt-ended by treatment with the large fragment of the Klenow polymerase, then ligated on itself.
- the recombinant cloneBSK + - ⁇ LTR is the clone which has been retained.
- the 1350 bp KpnI-BstEII fragment carrying an LTR was isolated and the BstEII end made blunt by treatment with the large fragment of the Klenow polymerase, then inserted between the KpnI and HindIII sites made blunt end of the recombinant plasmid pSVPh.
- the recombinant plasmid pSVPhLTR corresponds to the clone retained (FIG. 23).
- the fifth step is identical to that of the construction of the recombinant plasmid pCYS64.
- the resulting recombinant plasmid was named pCYS54 ( Figure 24).
- the vectors pCYS74 and pCYS84 are derived respectively from the vectors pCYS54 and pCYS64 described above. Compared to these two vectors, the vectors pCYS74 and pCYS84 do not have any modification in the U5 sequence of LTR5 '.
- the recombinant plasmids pCYS54 and pCYS64 were partially digested with SstI, then completely digested with ClaI and the 9 kb fragments purified on agarose gel.
- a / A PIIF construction 13 This comprises an LTR of RAV-1, deleted from about fifty nuciéotides in the region which carries the packaging signal. It carries the gag, pol, env genes of RAV1. At its 3 'end, the 3' LTR has been replaced by the poiyadényiation sequence of the TK gene of the HSV virus.
- a similar construction pHF 405 has undergone a deletion which extends to the PBS segment of the virus, covering a total of 150 nuciotides.
- b / A pHF13-Hygro construction was carried out using pHF13.
- Hygro gene which provides resistance to hygromycin, inserted after the termination sequence carried by pHF13.
- the possible function of this Hygro gene is conditioned by a reinitiation of translation in the 3 'part of a total transcript.
- QT6 cells were cotransfected with the constructs pHF13 or pHF405 associated respectively with the plasmid pXJ12. After selection on G418, 39 clones were isolated among which 25 received the plasmid pHF13 and 14 the plasmid pHF405. Of all these clones, 22 show a positive signal in Elisa for the detection of the intracellular P27 protein. Among these positive clones, only 7 release the protein into the culture medium.
- the titration of the activity of their supernatants can be estimated, depending on the clones, at values of between 3 ⁇ 10 and 2 ⁇ 10 4 TXN 3 'particles per ml of supernatant.
- the value of 2 ⁇ 10 4 obtained with the MBG clone is only
- the construction of the defective helper genome also includes a deletion of 52 nuciéotides from the 5 'untranslated leader sequence. This deletion encompasses a region of approximately 30 nucleotides involved in cis in the packaging of viral RNA. This deletion constitutes a second level of blocking of viremia.
- the promoter consists of two LTRs in tandem, one located in 3 'comes from the RAV-1 helper virus (obtained from Dr JM Bishop, UC San Francisco) the other, located in 5' is a hybrid between the RAV LTRs -2 and RAV-1, in which part of the U3 sequence (between the Sph I and Tag I sites) has been deleted. This is likely to result in an LTR functional.
- the structure of the whole of this promoter region is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 30B. b) Production - the clone pRAV-1 is digested by the endonuclease
- the fragment carrying the plasmid sequences is recircularized to generate the clone pDIPO 1.
- the EcoRI fragment of 0.6 kb is purified then recloned at the EcoRI site of pBR 322 to generate pDIPO 3 (FIG. 26).
- the pRAV-2 clone (obtained from Dr Skalka, Roche Nutley Institute) is digested with the endonuclease Sph I.
- the fragment carrying the plasmid sequences is treated with T4-DNA polymerase to generate blunt ends. It is recircularized in the presence of Cla I linkers to generate the pDIPO 4 clone (FIG. 26).
- the clone pDIPO 1 is digested with the endonucleases EcoRI and Sacl.
- the clone pDIPO 3 is digested with the endonucleases EcoRI and TaqI.
- the clone pDIPO 4 is digested with the endonucleases SalI and ClaI.
- the three fragments are purified and then religated between the SacI and SalI sites of pBR 322 to generate the clone pDIPO 123 (FIG. 26). This construction is made possible thanks to the compatibility of the Clal and TaqI sites.
- Two poiyadényiation signals are generally used in eukaryotic expression vectors.
- TK thymidine kinase
- T4-DNA polymerase to generate blunt ends. It is recircularized in the presence of SacI linkers to generate the pSV-Sac clone.
- the clone pAG 60 (obtained from Dr AG Garapin, Institut Pasteur Paris) is digested by the endonucleases BgIII and Sma I.
- the fragment carrying the promoter and the signal of the TK gene is treated with DNA polymerase I (Klenow fragment ) to generate blunt ends. It is recircularized in the presence of SacI linkers to generate the pAG-Sac clone.
- the fragment is redigested by the endonucleases Sac1 and SalI, then religated between the SacI and SalI sites of pBR 322 to generate the clone p. 800el (figure 28).
- the clone p. 800el is digested with the endonucleases Sali and Sacl to release the 3 'end of the env gene.
- the clone pRAV-1 is digested with the endonucleases SacI and SalI to release the gag-pol genes and the 5 'end of the env gene. The two fragments are religated in the SacI site of the pSV-Sac clone to generate the pHP 2 clone (FIG. 28).
- the viral genes gag-pol-env are placed under the transcriptional control of the promoter of the SV40 early genes and under the control of end of transcription of the poiyadényiation signal of the gene.
- the clone pDIPO 123 is linearized at the SacI site located in the 5 'untranslated sequence, immediately 3' of the packaging sequence (FIG. 30 C).
- the linearized DNA is subjected to a digestion managed by the exonuclease Bal, then digested by the endonuclease SalI.
- the fragments comprising more or less extensive deletions are recloned in the replicative form of the coliphage M13 between the SalI and Smal sites (blunt ends).
- the mp11-DIPO 123 clones thus generated are analyzed by sequencing to control the extent of the deletion. One of them, comprising a deletion of 52 nucleotides 5 ′ from the SacI site (FIG. 30 C), was chosen to develop the defective pHF 13 helper.
- the previously selected clone mp11-DIPO 123 is digested with the endonucleases Sac1 and Clal.
- the fragment containing the LTRs and the mutated leader sequence is purified and then religated between the SacI and ClaI sites of the pGAS-Cla clone described in paragraph 2. This construction generates the pGAS-LTR clone.
- this vector is derived from the pHF13 vector (FIG. 29). It includes, in addition to the structures described for pHF13, the HygroR gene (conferring resistance to hygromycin B) placed 3 ′ of the env gene, and a second splice acceptor site placed upstream of the Hygro R gene.
- This vector confers on the cells which host it transcomplementing capacities of the same type as the vector pHF13.
- this construction makes it possible to provide, on the same DNA, the viral gag-pol-env genes which ensure the transcomplementation function, and the selection gene HygroR.
- this vector is identical to the previous one (pGPEH) with the exception of the env gene which was deleted in this construction. It has only one splice acceptor site placed upstream of the HygroR gene.
- env gene is preceded by the splice acceptor site.
- Two constructions of the same type were made and are distinguished by the nature of the env gene, either pPh.E containing the env gene of subgroup A, or pPh.E containing the env gene of subgroup B.
- vectors pGPH and pPh.E act in complementation in the cell hosting them to provide the genes gag and pol (vector pGPH) on the one hand and env (vector pPh.E) on the other hand, to give cells transcomplementing capacities.
- cells are co-selected on their resistance characters to hygromycin and phleomycin provided by either of the two vectors.
- the helper construction performed ( Figure 31) is derived from the pHF13 helper construction.
- the gag-pol-env viral genes it carries a hygro gene, the expression of which confers resistance to hygromycin. This gene is inserted into the pHF13 construct just downstream of the env gene, and is provided with its own splice acceptor site.
- the HygroR gene bordered by the SstI cohesive ends is ligated into the blue script plasmid SK + (3Kb), marketed by Stratagene, digested with the enzyme SstI.
- the resulting plasmid called
- BS-H + is digested by the enzymes Kpnl and Xhol.
- the sequence of 263 bp is then inserted into this vector.
- the result is a 4.5 kb plasmid called BSH-Sa.
- the latter is digested by the enzymes AccI and NotI; the cohesive ends thus generated are filled with the Klenow DNA polymerase enzyme and religated on themselves.
- the Sa-H plasmid is doubly digested by the enzymes Kpnl and pvull. A 1.7 kb fragment containing the RAV-1 splice acceptor site and the hygro gene is then purified on a gel. This sequence is ligated into the Blue Scribe vector (34 b) previously digested with the enzymes Kpnl and Smal. The result is a 4.7 kb plasmid called mp 18-SaH. This is partially digested by the enzyme SstI.
- a 1.5 kb fragment is then purified containing the RAV-1 splice acceptor site and the hygro gene, and bordered by SstI cohesive ends; which makes it possible to insert it by ligation into the pHF 13 previously linearized by partial SstI digestion.
- the size of the resulting PGPEH plasmid is 11.8 kb.
- helper constructions using the following strategy: transferring the helper genome from RAV-1 in two stages.
- the two types of construction make it possible to transfer either the gag-poi genome or the env gene.
- Each of these building series further carries a different selection gene.
- the construction carrying the gag-pol genes (FIG. 31) (called pGPH) carries, in addition, the selection gene HygroR. This is inserted in place of the env gene in pHF 13.
- the realization of this construction is done in two stages:
- Plasmids pRV-1 and pRAV-2 are digested by the enzyme
- a 4.4 kb fragment is purified on gel which has two ends incompatible with AccI and SalI. These are filled using Klénow DNA polymerase, and the assembly is religated on itself. This results in the formation of a 4.4 kb plasmid, called pUC env A or pUC env depending on the nature of the subgroup of the env gene which it carries. 5.1.8. Construction of the pE-Ph vectors (FIG. 36) From the plasmid pUC env A digested partially with the enzyme HindIII, a 4.4 kb fragment is purified on gel. A homologous size fragment is also obtained from the plasmid pUC env B digested with the enzyme HindIII. The 4.4 kb fragments are filled by the
- the fragment then inserted by ligation either into the plasmid pUC envA or into the pUC envB which have been linearized beforehand by the enzyme SphI, and whose cohesive ends have been filled with T4
- the promoter part of this 0.9 kb construction is purified on a gel after digestion of the pHF13 with the enzymes BamHI and ClaI.
- the transfection is carried out by the technique described by Kawai (DMSO polybrene). After 10 days of selection in the presence of 50 ⁇ g of hygromycin B per ml of medium, the resistant cell clones are isolated and amplified. They are then analyzed for the production of the viral protein p27 gag in the culture supernatant, by an immunoenzymatic method (ELISA). One of them (MBg) was selected for its highest p 27 gag protein production.
- Kawai DMSO polybrene
- MBg-TXN 3 ' 5.10 5 cells of the MBg clone were transfected with 500 ng of the plasmid pTXN 3 '.
- PTXN 3 ' carries the neomycin resistance gene and imparts resistance to G418 to cells that express it. After 10 days of selection in the presence of 200 ⁇ g of G418 per ml of medium, the resistant cell clones are amplified in mass. The cell population which result (MBg-TXN 3 ') is analyzed for its ability to produce infectious vector-like viral particles.
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Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8714547 | 1987-10-21 | ||
| FR8714547A FR2622207B1 (fr) | 1987-10-21 | 1987-10-21 | Vecteurs d'integration et d'expression d'un gene heterologue, cellules infectees avec ces vecteurs et procede de production d'une proteine ou de modification genetique d'animaux |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0395658A1 true EP0395658A1 (fr) | 1990-11-07 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19880908707 Ceased EP0395658A1 (fr) | 1987-10-21 | 1988-10-03 | Vecteurs viraux d'integration et d'expression |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5252465A (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0395658A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JPH03503839A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2622207B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1989003877A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2663228A2 (fr) * | 1989-09-29 | 1991-12-20 | Agronomique Inst Nat Rech | Composition immunisante contre la maladie de newcastle et procede de preparation. |
| FR2652504A1 (fr) * | 1989-09-29 | 1991-04-05 | Agronomique Inst Nat Rech | Composition immunisante et procede de preparation. |
| FR2657527A1 (fr) * | 1990-02-01 | 1991-08-02 | Agronomique Inst Nat Rech | Vecteur auto-inactivant aviaire. |
| DE4344726C2 (de) * | 1993-12-27 | 1997-09-25 | Deutsches Krebsforsch | Verfahren zum Nachweis von nicht balanciertem genetischen Material einer Spezies oder zum Nachweis der Genexpression in Zellen einer Spezies |
| KR970010968A (ko) * | 1995-08-24 | 1997-03-27 | 윤원영 | 오리 배 세포를 이용한 에리스로포이틴의 발현 시스템 |
| EP1097244A4 (fr) * | 1998-07-22 | 2002-08-07 | Immusol Inc | Banques de ribozymes sensiblement completes |
| US20040259079A1 (en) * | 1998-07-22 | 2004-12-23 | Immusol, Inc. | Substantially complete ribozyme libraries |
| US7476733B2 (en) | 2005-03-25 | 2009-01-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services | Development of a real-time PCR assay for detection of pneumococcal DNA and diagnosis of pneumococccal disease |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2571737B1 (fr) * | 1984-10-15 | 1987-02-20 | Agronomique Inst Nat Rech | Vecteurs de clonage ou d'expression comportant le genome du virus de l'erythroblastose aviaire et cellules transfectees par ces vecteurs |
| JPS6283889A (ja) * | 1985-10-05 | 1987-04-17 | Meiji Milk Prod Co Ltd | Ebウイルス関連抗原の発現ベクタ−及びそれを含む細胞 |
| WO1987003451A1 (fr) * | 1985-12-05 | 1987-06-18 | Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center | Arn anti-detection pour le traitement de maladies retrovirales |
| FR2596770B1 (fr) * | 1986-04-08 | 1988-07-15 | Agronomique Inst Nat Rech | Procede pour la preparation de cultures a long terme de cellules |
-
1987
- 1987-10-21 FR FR8714547A patent/FR2622207B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1988
- 1988-10-03 EP EP19880908707 patent/EP0395658A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1988-10-03 JP JP63508158A patent/JPH03503839A/ja active Pending
- 1988-10-03 US US07/477,833 patent/US5252465A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-10-03 WO PCT/FR1988/000487 patent/WO1989003877A1/fr not_active Ceased
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| See references of WO8903877A1 * |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| FR2622207A1 (fr) | 1989-04-28 |
| FR2622207B1 (fr) | 1990-03-09 |
| US5252465A (en) | 1993-10-12 |
| WO1989003877A1 (fr) | 1989-05-05 |
| JPH03503839A (ja) | 1991-08-29 |
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