EP0391324B1 - Vibratory sorter - Google Patents

Abstract

Vibratory sorters for the wet processing of sand, gravel, recycling building materials and the like have a resiliently mounted or suspended tub-shaped trough (5) with floor surfaces (7,8) rising relatively steeply from the deepest point (6) on both sides. These floor areas are partially covered with false floors (7.1, 7.2, 8.2) and partially with bar screens (8.1). On the one hand, they end in a discharge (10) for the finished material, on the other hand in a discharge (9) for the floating components. A vibratory drive (16) for the trough and a feed device (14) for the mixture to be sorted complete the basic components. In order to improve the loosening in the filtering bed (0.1) of the mixture to be sorted, a portion of the floor areas (7,8) is constructed as an up-current floor (21) divided up into chambers (28) with pressurised water feed (24, 25, 26). The up-current floor (21) extends from the deepest point (6) of the trough (5) in the direction of the discharge (10) for the finished material. In the region of the discharge (9) for the floating components, the floor area (7) of the trough (5) is constructed as a flap (11) which is swivellable about a transverse axis (31) and is sealed both with respect to the floor area (7) and also with respect to the side walls of the trough (5). With the aid of this flap (11), the height of the filtering bed and the length and inclination of the floor area (7) and thus the separating cut can be actively influenced. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a vibrating sorter for the wet processing of sand, gravel, recycling building materials and the like according to the preamble of claim 1.

Sand and gravel from natural sources contain humic or other impurities as well as wood and carbonized material. The specific weight of these impurities is between 1.1 and 1.6 g / cm³. Deposits below the groundwater zone are particularly affected, so that especially wet dredging operations have to solve special treatment problems. These are based on the requirement of the construction industry that the organic components must not exceed a certain limit.

A further requirement of the construction industry for quality sands according to DIN consists in the fact that slurrable components smaller than 63µm and fine components with a grain size below 250µm must not exceed a certain percentage.

Another task for industry is to recycle used building materials. This recycling material naturally contains considerable amounts of organic and other impurities that have to be removed.

Various systems are already used to solve these tasks, e.g. B. heavy turbidity sorters or vibrating sorters.

EP-A-0 240 030 discloses an apparatus for cleaning, discharging and dewatering debris from contaminated solid-water mixtures. She owns one trough-like trough which is filled with washing liquid up to an overflow provided at one end and has a transport trough pulled up over the washing liquid level at its other end. The trough-like trough can be vibrated either with a washing pulsator or with a conveying pulsator. The transport track is equipped with a vibration device that improves the dewatering of the discharged solids. Wash showers improve the discharge of foreign substances that float on the water surface.

This device has considerable disadvantages in practical operation. Due to the continuous vibration of the trough-like trough, the light / fine materials settle at the bottom, while the heavy / coarse materials settle at the top. The fine / light material is buried under the coarse / heavy material and therefore cannot be washed out.

To achieve an improvement here, FR-A-24 87 699 suggests filling the tub-like trough with a suspension of water and bentonite instead of water. The specific weight of such a suspension is higher than that of water. This allows materials with a density greater than that of water to float in the suspension. It is a flotation.

The disadvantage of this device is that it requires a separate pump circuit which requires the suspension. Furthermore, this device is only suitable for the flotation of lumpy materials. When trying to process raw sand or rubble, their fine constituents would contaminate the bentonite, causing the density of the resulting water-bentonite-sand suspension to decrease would change continuously in an uncontrolled manner.

DE-A-29 24 306 shows a device for washing gold from deposits containing sand and gravel. It has a trough, the contents of which are mixed together by water jets and agitators. A vibratory drive is not provided, so that the heavy materials settle on the bottom of the trough, where they are removed through a lock.

CH-A-666 826 shows a combination plant for the treatment of water, sand, gravel and foreign matter deposits. The system comprises a vibrating classifier with a water-filled trough on a first supporting frame and a hydrocyclone and a fluidized bed apparatus on a second supporting frame. The wash ware leaving the vibrating classifier is additionally classified in the hydrocyclone and in the fluidized bed apparatus.

Another way is the vibrating screening machine described in DE-A-30 13 668. Here the wet sand is placed on a flat bed, the bottom of which is perforated from front to back so that the water contained in the sand can drip off optimally. A vibratory conveyor drive ensures that the sand is transported from the feed point to the outlet. In a certain zone, water is pressed through the bottom of the vibrating screen. Since the entire floor in front of and behind the rinsing zone is perforated, the pressed water disappears through these perforations in the shortest possible way. Material entrained in the rinsing zone immediately settles again at these points. Only a very small amount of this flushed water-sand mixture gets into special flat channels above the washing zone and through these channels to the rear washware outlet. With this device, the work result is not controllable, the efficiency is poor.

It is also known that the separating cut can be influenced by the height of the bed. To do this, the height of the outlet for the floating components must be changed. However, the possibility of tipping the trough about its transverse axis is particularly time-consuming to assemble. It has therefore already been proposed to screw on or unscrew more or less high dust sheets at the outlet for the floating components.

The present invention has for its object to further develop a vibrating sorter of the type mentioned with a water-filled trough-like trough so that the sorting result, i. H. the removal of unwanted contaminants is improved.

This object is achieved by a generic vibrating sorter with the features according to the characterizing part of claim 1.

The formation of at least a portion of the floor area in the area of the riser bed as an upflow floor with pressurized water feed creates an upflow zone which also swirls up impurities trapped in the lower layers of the riser bed and keeps it suspended in the upward flow until it flows with the water flow to the Outlet for the swimming components are promoted. The strength of the upflow can be regulated by the amount of water and water pressure. The conveyance of the finished goods caused by the vibrations of the trough is not hindered by the upflow zone. Thanks to the blind floor section in between, the bed can calm down and homogenize.

The best results are achieved when the nozzles of the upflow floor are distributed very finely over the largest possible open area. Gaps or holes smaller than 0.5 mm appear optimal.

According to an advantageous development of the invention, the upflow floor is divided into walls by transverse walls, the water supply of which can be adjusted via a valve. In this way, the length and thickness of the upflow zone can be adapted in sections to the different depths of the setting bed and to the progressive classification of the goods to be sorted.

If a post-wash zone with an spray device is required for heavily soiled material, it is advisable to use this in the area between the upstream and slatted floors, i.e. H. to be arranged in the area of the blind floor section which may be provided here.

Damming strips can preferably be arranged transversely to the conveying direction in the area of the drainage slit bottom. These promote the drainage effect, so that the finished goods are sufficiently dry to be transported without leaving the drainage after leaving the trough. To further influence the finished goods on their way through the drainage zone, an elastic curtain can be hung, which also contributes to better drainage

In order to be able to easily adjust the height of the setting bed and thus the separating cut, the bottom surface of the trough in the area of the discharge for the floating components is designed as a flap which can be pivoted about a transverse axis. That mouth is sealed against the bottom surface and the side walls of the trough. This sealing is effected according to a preferred embodiment of the invention in that the flap is covered with a covering which has elastic sealing lips on the side. Rubber or plastics are suitable as coverings with sealing lips.

Preferably, the entire floor area extending from the deepest point of the trough to the outlet for the floating components can be designed as a blind floor. This simplifies and reduces the cost of construction. Thanks to the upflow classification in the area of the upflow floor, this is also possible without disadvantages in terms of process technology.

Fig. 1

einen Längsschnitt durch einen Schwingsortierer,

Fig. 2

einen Schnitt durch einen Aufstromboden in vergrößertem Maßstab und

Fig. 3

einen Längsschnitt durch den Sortierer der Fig. 1 im Bereich des Auslasses für die Schwimmbestandteile.

The invention will be explained in more detail in the form of an exemplary embodiment with reference to the drawing. They each show a schematic representation

Fig. 1

a longitudinal section through a vibrating sorter,

Fig. 2

a section through an upstream floor on an enlarged scale and

Fig. 3

a longitudinal section through the sorter of FIG. 1 in the region of the outlet for the floating components.

Fig. 1 shows schematically a longitudinal section through a vibrating sorter. Four brackets 2 are mounted on a stable frame 1, each of which carries spring assemblies 3. A trough-shaped trough 5 is set up on these spring assemblies 3 by means of brackets 4. From the lowest point 6 of the trough 5, a floor surface 7 extends to an outlet 9 for floating components and a further floor surface 8 to an outlet 10 for finished goods.

A trough 12, which collects water and floating components, is preferably mounted under the trough 5. This tub 12 can also be divided to collect water from the drainage section separately from water from the outlet 9. A special collecting device 13 can be seen under the outlet 10 for the finished goods.

The sorted goods are z. B. conveyed up via a belt conveyor 15 and abandoned via a feed device 14 in a manner known per se in the region of the deepest point 6 of the tub 5, the feed direction being opposite to the conveying direction of the finished goods.

A drive 16 with rotating unbalances causes the trough 5 to vibrate in a known manner, the strength and direction of which can be adjusted.

Seen across the length of the trough 5, different zones form. A thick turbidity forms in the setting bed 0.1, which pulsates intensively due to the mechanical vibrations of the trough 5 and accelerates the stratification in the setting bed according to different specific weights and grain sizes. The coarse-grained heavy material settles in the thick sludge on the bottom 7, 8, while fine material and in particular light and organic components float upwards and with the free water at the outlet 9 for the Floating components are discharged.

A part of the bottom 8 in the region of the setting bed 0.1 is designed as an upflow bottom 21, which is explained in more detail with reference to FIG. 2. An upflow zone 0.4 is formed in this area of the setting bed 0.1. The upstream zone 0.4 can be used for certain tasks, e.g. B. gravel preparation, over the entire length of the set bed 0.1.

A blind bottom section 8.2 is provided in connection with the setting bed 0.1 or the upflow zone 0.4, so that a calming zone 0.2 is formed in the already quite flat setting bed.

Subsequently, the bottom 8 is designed as a slatted floor 8.1, so that a drainage zone 0.3 is formed here. The finished product leaves the outlet 10 largely free of water.

In the area of the slatted floor 8.1, damming strips 19 can be arranged transversely to the conveying direction, which support the drainage of the finished goods.

In the event that the material to be sorted is heavily contaminated, an spray device 17 is provided, which sprays fresh water against the direction of conveyance onto the material to be sorted, in order to flush any floating components that are still present back into the region of the setting bed 0.1.

This process is additionally supported by an elastic curtain 18, the free end of which rests on the items to be sorted.

In the area of the outlet 9 for the floating components is the bottom 7, which in the present example is completely one The blind floor is designed as a flap 11 which can be pivoted about a transverse axis. This flap 11 is described in more detail with reference to FIG. 3.

The length and inclination of the bottom 7 between the deepest point 6 of the trough 5 and the outlet 9 for floating components are to be matched to the material to be sorted.

Fig. 2 shows the complete upflow floor 21. This is formed by a sheet 23, which rests on a series of stable cross members 22. Above the base plate 23 there are transverse walls 27 which are covered from above by a nozzle covering 29 equipped with fine nozzles, preferably made of an abrasion-resistant material such as plastic, rubber or steel, whereby chambers 28 are created. Pressurized water pipes 24 are introduced into these chambers 28 from below. Each pressurized water pipe 24 is equipped with its own valve 25 and is supplied by a common pressurized water line 26. In this way, the upflow zone 0.4 can be regulated individually in each chamber, so that all impurities contained in the deeper layers of the riser bed actually float up.

Fig. 3 shows the bottom construction of the trough 5 in the area of the discharge 9 for the floating components.

The blind floor 7 consists of sections 7.1, 7.2, 7.3 which are interchangeable in sections and are interchangeably fastened on cross members 30. The base parts 7.1, 7.2, 7.3 are preferably made of an elastic, abrasion-resistant material such as plastic or rubber. This applies in any case to the final component 7.3, since it has a sealing function.

In order to be able to conveniently adjust the height of the set bed 0.1, but also the resulting length and inclination of the base 7, is, as already mentioned, the flap 11 pivotally attached to a transverse axis 31. The free end of the flap 11 is equipped with a cross member 36, the fastening of which ends in the transverse walls of the trough 5.

The top of the flap 11 is covered with a rubber or plastic covering 32. To increase the mechanical stability, this is provided with a metal insert 33 and is interchangeably screwed to the flap 11 with the aid of countersunk screws 34.

The covering 32 is provided on its longitudinal edges with elastic sealing lips 35. These lie on the side walls of the trough 5 and thus prevent the undesired drainage of water and floating components.

The sealing between the bottom 7 and the transverse axis 31 of the flap 11 takes over the elastic end piece 7.3.

Through the combination of the described features - comfortably and quickly adjustable set bed height as well as changeable length and inclination of the floor thanks to the pivoting flap, additional upstream sorting in the area of the set bed, division of the upstream zone by division of the upstream floor into chambers, independent regulation of water quantity and pressure In each upflow chamber - in conjunction with the known features of the vibrating sorters - adjustable vibration width, continuously variable vibration frequency and vibration direction, adjustable shower device in the post-washing zone, storage rails in the drainage zone - the vibrating sorter according to the invention can be adapted to the most varied of tasks in order to achieve a perfectly sorted and classified Finished goods.

Claims (8)

1. A vibrating classifier for the wet processing of sand, gravel, recycled building materials and the like, with a resiliently mounted or suspended dished trough (5), the bottom faces (7, 8) of which rise relatively steeply from the lowest point (6) towards both sides, are provided in part with blank bottom areas (7.1, 7.2, 8.2) and in part with perforated bottom areas (8.1), and terminate at one side in a discharge (10) for the final product and at the other side in a discharge (9) for the float constituents, with an oscillating drive (16) for the trough (5) and with a feeder device (14) for the mixture to be classified, characterised in that an upward current bottom area (21) with a supply of water under pressure (24, 25, 26) is installed in the bottom face (8) which extends from the lowest point (6) of the trough (5) to the discharge (10) for the final product, and that a blank bottom section (8.2) for settling is inserted between the upward current bottom area (21) and the perforated bottom area (8.1) for dewatering the final product.
2. A vibrating classifier according to claim 1, characterised in that the nozzles of the upward current bottom area (21) are made very fine, preferably in the form of slits.
3. A vibrating classifier according to claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the upward current bottom area (21) is subdivided by transverse walls (27) into chambers (28), the supply of water (24) to which can be adjusted by a valve (25) in each case.
4. A vibrating classifier according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that a spraying device (17), the direction of the jet of which is aligned towards the classifying bed (0.1), is disposed in the region between the upward current bottom area (21) and the perforated bottom area (8.1).
5. A vibrating classifier according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that retaining strips (19) are disposed or a flexible curtain (18) is suspended in the region of the perforated bottom area (8.1) transversely to the direction of feeding.
6. A vibrating classifier according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the bottom face (7) of the trough (5) is constructed as a flap (11) which can swing about a transverse axis (31) in the region of the discharge (9) for the float constituents.
7. A vibrating classifier according to claim 6, characterised in that the flap (11) is sealed against the bottom face (7) and against the sidewalls of the trough (5) with a coating (32), of rubber or plastic for example, which has resilient lateral sealing lips (35).
8. A vibrating classifier according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the entire bottom face (7) which extends from the lowest point (6) of the trough (5) to the discharge (9) for the float constituents is constructed as a blank bottom.

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