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EP0367966A1 - Burner for the gasification of fine grained and pulverulent solid fuels - Google Patents

Burner for the gasification of fine grained and pulverulent solid fuels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0367966A1
EP0367966A1 EP89117730A EP89117730A EP0367966A1 EP 0367966 A1 EP0367966 A1 EP 0367966A1 EP 89117730 A EP89117730 A EP 89117730A EP 89117730 A EP89117730 A EP 89117730A EP 0367966 A1 EP0367966 A1 EP 0367966A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
channel
gasification
fuel
injection lance
feed channel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89117730A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0367966B1 (en
Inventor
Karl-Heinz Dutz
Lothar Semrau
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Krupp Koppers GmbH
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Krupp Koppers GmbH
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Publication of EP0367966A1 publication Critical patent/EP0367966A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/50—Fuel charging devices
    • C10J3/506—Fuel charging devices for entrained flow gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
    • C10J2300/1223—Heating the gasifier by burners

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gasification burner for a system for the gasification of fine-grained to dust-like solid fuels, which has a gasification reactor, with a central first feed channel for primary oxidizing agents, a surrounding ring fuel channel for the fuels which are introduced with a carrier gas, the fuel -Ringkanal surrounding second annular feed channel for secondary oxidant, and with cooling channels and optionally at least one moderator gas ring channel, wherein a majority of the gasification burners burn with their fuel / reactant jet into the gasification reactor and the fuel / reactant jets in the gasification reactor a primary reaction zone of high temperature form and an essentially carbon monoxide and hydrogen-containing raw gas is withdrawn from the gasification reactor.
  • the basic structure of the gasification burner is symmetrical.
  • the gasification is carried out as pressure gasification.
  • the solid fuels are in particular coal, coke, petroleum coke and the like. Oxygen and / or air and, if appropriate, water vapor are used in particular as oxidizing agents.
  • the carrier gas is an inert gas, such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide, or dedusted raw gas.
  • reactant denotes both the oxidizing agent and reaction products which have already formed, and if appropriate also moderator gas and carrier gas.
  • the raw gas leaving the reactor is known to carry fly dust, which, for. B. carries in an amount of up to 15 wt .-% fuel. The dust is removed from the raw gas with suitable dedusting devices. Its disposal is complex.
  • fly dust In order to dispose of the fly dust, it is known to return the fly dust to the gasification process. Its fuel component is to be burned, and the fly dust is to be melted down. As part of known measures (EP 0 072 457 B1, EP 0 109 109 B1), the fly dust is mixed with the fresh fuel and fed to the gasification burners together with the fuel. This is complex and requires special processing of the fly ash, namely extensive and complicated technical facilities with large safety precautions. The pore space or gap space of the flying dust is filled with the raw gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which has to be diluted or removed only below the danger limit by repeated application and pumping with inert gas.
  • the loading of the raw gas separated from the fly dust is also cumbersome and complex, since it often contains sulfur and, for reasons of environmental protection, cannot be flared or otherwise burned and released into the atmosphere. Incidentally, it disturbs that the fly dust added to the fresh fuel reduces the calorific value of the fuel, which influences the thermodynamics and the reaction kinetics of the gasification process. It is also known to return the fly dust to the gasification reactor (DE 2 909 008 C2), specifically via feed nozzles separate from the gasification burners. This affects the gasification reaction and has hardly found its way into practice. In practice, it is rather common (DE-AS 2 325 204) to blow up the flying dust in a reactor onto the slag, the residual carbon generally also going into the slag.
  • Gasification burners are known in various embodiments. In particular, practice knows those of the structure described at the beginning. It is common to integrate such gasification burners and pilot burners.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a gasification burner of the structure described above and the intended purpose described above, with the fly dust, in particular the accumulated in the plant for gasifying the solid fuels, can be returned without disturbing the gasification process in this.
  • the invention teaches that a tubular injection lance is arranged in the first feed channel, which is surrounded by oxidizing agent, and that a fly dust / carrier gas stream can be injected into the core of the fuel / reactant jet through the injection lance.
  • a fly dust / carrier gas stream can be injected into the core of the fuel / reactant jet through the injection lance.
  • the injection lance is preferably inserted axially into the first feed channel. This leads to a symmetrical, circular fuel-reagent jet.
  • the invention makes use of the fact that a fuel / reactant jet emerging from a gasification burner, in particular a rotationally symmetrical fuel / reactant jet, is very stable in terms of gas dynamics and can carry a flow of fly ash into the primary reaction zone.
  • the gasification reaction begins in the fuel / reactant flow and is not disturbed by the flying dust, as in the primary reaction zone, which also contributes to the fact that its residual carbon is also gasified.
  • the volume flow of airborne dust must not be chosen too large.
  • the primary reaction zone the dust is hardly discharged more than usual and without the recirculation described. It does not accumulate.
  • a special fly dust disposal is no longer necessary when working with gasification burners according to the invention, the fly dust is rather melted into slag.
  • the arrangement will be such that the injection lance opens into the area of the mouth of the first feed channel, the fuel channel and the second feed channel in the burner front.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention which allows adjustment to different operating conditions, is characterized in that the injection lance and thus its mouth are adjustable in the axial direction.
  • the primary oxidant can flow around the injection lance.
  • this embodiment also ensures that the fly dust arrives in the primary reaction zone and does not interfere with the gasification process.
  • the situation is more stable if the injection lance is surrounded by an oxidant channel and this is surrounded by the first supply channel.
  • the design be such that the oxidant channel has a mouth that runs parallel to the axis of the gasification burner, the first feed channel has an outward mouth, and the second feed channel has an inward mouth.
  • the second feed channel with a plurality of orifices distributed equidistantly over the circumference.
  • the mouth can also be designed as an annular gap. As in the context of the known measures, it is advisable to arrange a cooling channel between the first supply channel and the fuel ring channel.
  • a preferred embodiment is characterized in that the injection lance is set up for supplying a flow of flue dust that is smaller by a factor of 0.01 to 0.15 than the fuel flow. In this area, it is generally possible to recycle all of the fly dust, with its proportion of fuel, which occurs in a plant for the gasification of fine-grained to dust-like solid fuels.
  • the gasification burner shown in the figures is for a system, not shown, for gasification from fine-grained to dust-like against solid fuels.
  • the plant has a gasification reactor.
  • a majority of the gasification burners burn with their fuel / reactant jet into the gasification reactor and are generally distributed equidistantly around the circumference of the gasification reactor.
  • the fuel / reactant jets form a high temperature primary reaction zone in the gasification reactor. It is understood that a raw gas is withdrawn from the gasification reactor.
  • the basic structure of the gasification burner includes a first feed channel 1 for the primary oxidizing agent, a surrounding fuel ring channel 2 for the fuels that are introduced with a carrier gas, a second annular feed channel 3 for secondary oxidizing agent and cooling channels 4 surrounding the fuel ring channel 2, and optionally at least one moderator gas ring channel 5.
  • the injection lance 6 In the first feed channel 1 there is a tubular injection lance 6 which is surrounded by oxidizing agent.
  • a flight dust / carrier gas stream can be injected into the core of the fuel / reactant jet through the injection lance 6.
  • the carrier gas is, for example, raw gas.
  • the injection lance 6 opens in the area of the mouths of the first feed channel 1, the fuel ring channel 2 and the second feed channel 3 and thus, as it were, in the front of the gasification burner.
  • a funnel-shaped training follows.
  • the injection lance 6 runs in the axis of the gasification burner. It can be axially adjustable in the direction of the double arrow, which allows adaptation to different operating conditions.
  • the injection lance 6 is surrounded by an oxidant channel 7 and this is surrounded by the first supply channel 1.
  • the oxidizing agent channel 7 has an opening 8 which is directed parallel to the axis of the gasification burner and accordingly the oxidizing agent emerges from an oxidizing channel, enveloping the flue dust flow.
  • the first feed channel 1 in contrast, has an outwardly directed mouth 9.
  • the mouth 10 of the second feed channel 3, on the other hand, is directed inward, as is also common in the gasification burners described at the outset. It is within the scope of the invention to provide the second feed channel 3 with a plurality of orifices 11 distributed equidistantly over the circumference, as was indicated in FIG. 2.
  • An annular cooling channel 4 is located between the first supply channel 1 and the fuel ring channel 2.
  • a flame monitor 12 was indicated, with which the gasification burner can be monitored in a known manner.
  • An outer cooling jacket 13 with further cooling channels 4 follows. It is within the scope of the invention to arrange an insulated ignition electrode 14 in the injection lance 6, as was indicated by dash-dotted lines at the mouth of the injection lance 6.
  • the injection lance 6, the oxidant channel 7, the first feed channel 1 and the cooling channel 4 are located in or on a unitary component which is illustrated by close hatching and is adjustable in the axial direction.
  • the gasification burner according to the invention consists, as it were, of two independent assemblies, which are also interchangeable. By exchanging an adaptation to different operating conditions is possible.
  • the oxidizing agent oxygen required for the gasification of the fine-grained to dust-like fuel is divided into two streams, the primary and the secondary gasification oxygen, whose mass ratios between primary and secondary can be 1: 1.15 to 1.3.
  • the arrangement is such that the oxygen flow from the first feed channel strikes the fuel flow at an inflow angle of 0 to 20 ° to the central axis of the gasification burner.
  • the exit velocity of 60 to 120 m / s of the primary oxygen also serves to accelerate the fuel from a low initial velocity to the velocity which corresponds to or approximates the axial velocity of the secondary oxygen. This emerges at an angle of 20 to 50 ° to the central axis of the gasification burner at a speed of 40 to 100 m / s.
  • the flame monitor 12 is of particular importance. It makes it possible to determine whether caked-on particles of particulate matter have formed.
  • the gasification burner according to the invention can also be used as a pilot burner, in particular in coal gasification plants.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

Gasification burner for an installation for the gasification of fine-grain to powdery solid fuels, which has a gasification reactor, having a first central guide channel (1) for primary oxidising agents, a surrounding annular fuel channel (2) for the fuels which are introduced with a carrier gas, a second annular guide channel (3), surrounding the annular fuel channel (2), for secondary oxidising agent, and with cooling channels (4) and, optionally, at least one annular moderator-gas channel (5). A plurality of gasification burners send their fuel/reactant jet into the gasification reactor. The fuel/reactant jets form, in the gasification reactor, a high- temperature primary reaction zone. A crude gas is drawn off from the gasification reactor. A tubular injection lance (6), which is supplied with oxidising agent, is arranged in the first supply channel. A flow of fine dust and carrier gas can be injected by the injection lance (6) into the core of the fuel/reactant jet. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Vergasungsbrenner für eine Anlage für die Vergasung von feinkörnigen bis staubförmigen festen Brennstoffen, die einen Vergasungsreaktor aufweist, - mit einem zentralen ersten Zufüh­rungskanal für Primäroxidationsmittel, einem umgebenden Brennstoff-­Ringkanal für die Brennstoffe die mit einem Trägergas eingeführt wer­den, einem den Brennstoff-Ringkanal umgebenden zweiten ringförmigen Zuführungskanal für Sekundäroxidationsmittel, sowie mit Kühlkanälen und gegebenenfalls zumindest einem Moderatorgas-Ringkanal, wobei eine Mehrzahl der Vergasungsbrenner mit ihrem Brennstoff/Reaktions­mittel-Strahl in den Vergasungsreaktor hineinbrennen und die Brenn­stoff/Reaktionsmittel-Strahlen in dem Vergasungsreaktor eine Primärre­aktionszone hoher Temperatur bilden sowie aus dem Vergasungsreaktor ein im wesentlichen kohlenmonoxid- und wasserstoffhaltiges Rohgas ab­gezogen wird. Der grundsätzliche Aufbau des Vergasungsbrenners ist symmetrisch. Die Vergasung wird als Druckvergasung durchgeführt. Die festen Brennstoffe sind insbesondere Kohle, Koks, Petrolkoks und dergleichen. Als Oxidationsmittel werden insbesondere Sauerstoff und/­oder Luft sowie gegebenenfalls Wasserdampf eingesetzt. Das Trägergas ist ein Inertgas, wie beispielsweise Stickstoff oder Kohlendioxid, oder entstaubtes Rohgas. In dem Ausdruck Brennstoff/Reaktionsmittel-Strahl bezeichnet Reaktionsmittel sowohl die Oxidationsmittel als auch bereits entstandene Reaktionsprodukte, gegebenenfalls auch Moderatorgas und Trägergas. Das den Reaktor verlassende Rohgas führt bekanntlich Flugstaub mit, der z. B. in einer Menge von bis zu 15 Gew.-% Brenn­stoff mitführt. Der Flugstaub wird mit geeigneten Entstaubungseinrich­tungen aus dem Rohgas entfernt. Seine Entsorgung ist aufwendig.The invention relates to a gasification burner for a system for the gasification of fine-grained to dust-like solid fuels, which has a gasification reactor, with a central first feed channel for primary oxidizing agents, a surrounding ring fuel channel for the fuels which are introduced with a carrier gas, the fuel -Ringkanal surrounding second annular feed channel for secondary oxidant, and with cooling channels and optionally at least one moderator gas ring channel, wherein a majority of the gasification burners burn with their fuel / reactant jet into the gasification reactor and the fuel / reactant jets in the gasification reactor a primary reaction zone of high temperature form and an essentially carbon monoxide and hydrogen-containing raw gas is withdrawn from the gasification reactor. The basic structure of the gasification burner is symmetrical. The gasification is carried out as pressure gasification. The solid fuels are in particular coal, coke, petroleum coke and the like. Oxygen and / or air and, if appropriate, water vapor are used in particular as oxidizing agents. The carrier gas is an inert gas, such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide, or dedusted raw gas. In the expression fuel / reactant jet, reactant denotes both the oxidizing agent and reaction products which have already formed, and if appropriate also moderator gas and carrier gas. The raw gas leaving the reactor is known to carry fly dust, which, for. B. carries in an amount of up to 15 wt .-% fuel. The dust is removed from the raw gas with suitable dedusting devices. Its disposal is complex.

Um den Flugstaub zu entsorgen, ist es bekannt, den Flugstaub in den Vergasungsprozeß zurückzuführen. Sein Brennstoffanteil soll dabei ver­brannt werden, im übrigen soll der Flugstaub eingeschmolzen werden. Im Rahmen von bekannten Maßnahmen (EP 0 072 457 B1, EP 0 109 109 B1) wird der Flugstaub dem frischen Brennstoff beigemischt und zu­sammen mit dem Brennstoff den Vergasungsbrennern zugeführt. Das ist aufwendig und erfordert eine besondere Aufbereitung der Flugasche, nämlich umfangreiche und komplizierte technische Einrichtungen mit großen Sicherheitsvorkehrungen. Der Porenraum oder Lückenraum des Flugstaubes ist mit dem kohlenmonoxid- und wasserstoffhaltigen Roh­gas gefüllt, welches erst durch mehrmaliges Beaufschlagen und Umpum­pen mit Inertgas bis unter die Gefahrengrenze verdünnt oder entfernt werden muß. Auch die Beaufschlagung des aus dem Flugstaub abge­trennten Rohgases ist umständlich und aufwendig, da es häufig schwe­felhaltig ist und aus Gründen des Umweltschutzes weder abgefackelt noch sonstwie verbrannt und in die Atmosphäre entlassen werden kann. Im übrigen stört, daß der dem frischen Brennstoff beigemischte Flug­staub den Heizwert des Brennstoffes reduziert, was die Thermodynamik und die Reaktionskinetik des Vergasungsprozesses beeinflußt. Es ist auch bekannt, den Flugstaub in den Vergasungsreaktor zurückzuführen (DE 2 909 008 C2), und zwar über besondere, von den Vergasungsbren­nern getrennte Zuführungsdüsen. Das beeinträchtigt die Vergasungs­reaktion und hat in die Praxis kaum Eingang gefunden. In der Praxis ist es eher üblich (DE-AS 2 325 204), den Flugstaub in einem Reaktor auf die Schlacke aufzublasen, wobei im allgemeinen auch der Restkoh­lenstoff in die Schlacke geht.In order to dispose of the fly dust, it is known to return the fly dust to the gasification process. Its fuel component is to be burned, and the fly dust is to be melted down. As part of known measures (EP 0 072 457 B1, EP 0 109 109 B1), the fly dust is mixed with the fresh fuel and fed to the gasification burners together with the fuel. This is complex and requires special processing of the fly ash, namely extensive and complicated technical facilities with large safety precautions. The pore space or gap space of the flying dust is filled with the raw gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which has to be diluted or removed only below the danger limit by repeated application and pumping with inert gas. The loading of the raw gas separated from the fly dust is also cumbersome and complex, since it often contains sulfur and, for reasons of environmental protection, cannot be flared or otherwise burned and released into the atmosphere. Incidentally, it disturbs that the fly dust added to the fresh fuel reduces the calorific value of the fuel, which influences the thermodynamics and the reaction kinetics of the gasification process. It is also known to return the fly dust to the gasification reactor (DE 2 909 008 C2), specifically via feed nozzles separate from the gasification burners. This affects the gasification reaction and has hardly found its way into practice. In practice, it is rather common (DE-AS 2 325 204) to blow up the flying dust in a reactor onto the slag, the residual carbon generally also going into the slag.

Vergasungsbrenner sind in verschiedenen Ausführungsformen bekannt. Insbesondere kennt die Praxis solche des eingangs beschriebenen Auf­baus. Es ist üblich, solche Vergasungsbrenner und Zündbrenner zu in­tegrieren.Gasification burners are known in various embodiments. In particular, practice knows those of the structure described at the beginning. It is common to integrate such gasification burners and pilot burners.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Vergasungsbrenner des eingangs beschriebenen Aufbaus sowie der eingangs beschriebenen Zweckbestimmung zu schaffen, mit dem Flugstaub, insbesondere der in der Anlage zur Vergasung der festen Brennstoffe anfallende Flugstaub, ohne Störung des Vergasungsprozesses in diesen zurückgeführt werden kann.The invention has for its object to provide a gasification burner of the structure described above and the intended purpose described above, with the fly dust, in particular the accumulated in the plant for gasifying the solid fuels, can be returned without disturbing the gasification process in this.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe lehrt die Erfindung, daß in dem ersten Zu­führungskanal eine rohrförmige Injektionslanze angeordnet ist, die von Oxidationsmittel umströmt ist, und daß durch die Injektionslanze ein Flugstaub/Trägergas-Strom in den Kern des Brennstoff/Reaktonsmittel-­Strahles injizierbar ist. Auf diese Weise wird erreicht, daß der rück­geführte Flugstaub in die Primärreaktionszone, die eine Temperatur von über 2000° C aufweist, gelangt und dort eingeschmolzen wird, während seine brennbaren Bestandteile vergasen. Vorzugsweise ist die Injektionslanze axial in den ersten Zuführungskanal eingesetzt. Das führt zu einem symmetrischen, kreisförmigen Brennstoff-Reaktionsmittel-­Strahl. Die Erfindung nutzt die Tatsache, daß ein aus einem Verga­sungsbrenner austretender Brennstoff/Reaktionsmittel-Strahl, insbesond­dere ein rotationssymmetrischer Brennstoff/Reaktionsmittel-Strahl, in gasdynamischer Hinsicht sehr stabil ist und einen Flugaschenmengen­strom in die Primärreaktionszone hineintragen kann. Die Vergasungs­reaktion beginnt bereits in dem Brennstoff/Reaktionsmittel-Strom und wird hier so wie in der Primärreaktionszone durch den Flugstaub nicht gestört, wozu beiträgt, daß auch deren Restkohlenstoff vergast wird. Der Mengenstrom an Flugstaub darf allerdings nicht zu groß gewählt werden. Überraschenderweise wird aus der Primärreaktionszone der Flugstaub kaum stärker ausgetragen als üblich und ohne die be­schriebene Rückführung. Er reichert sich nicht an. Eine besondere Flugstaubentsorgung ist nicht mehr erforderlich, wenn mit erfindungs­gemäßen Vergasungsbrennern gearbeitet wird, der Flugstaub wird viel­mehr zu Schlacke aufgeschmolzen.To achieve this object, the invention teaches that a tubular injection lance is arranged in the first feed channel, which is surrounded by oxidizing agent, and that a fly dust / carrier gas stream can be injected into the core of the fuel / reactant jet through the injection lance. In this way it is achieved that the recycled fly dust arrives in the primary reaction zone, which has a temperature of over 2000 ° C., and is melted there, while its combustible components gasify. The injection lance is preferably inserted axially into the first feed channel. This leads to a symmetrical, circular fuel-reagent jet. The invention makes use of the fact that a fuel / reactant jet emerging from a gasification burner, in particular a rotationally symmetrical fuel / reactant jet, is very stable in terms of gas dynamics and can carry a flow of fly ash into the primary reaction zone. The gasification reaction begins in the fuel / reactant flow and is not disturbed by the flying dust, as in the primary reaction zone, which also contributes to the fact that its residual carbon is also gasified. However, the volume flow of airborne dust must not be chosen too large. Surprisingly, the primary reaction zone the dust is hardly discharged more than usual and without the recirculation described. It does not accumulate. A special fly dust disposal is no longer necessary when working with gasification burners according to the invention, the fly dust is rather melted into slag.

Im einzelnen bestehen im Rahmen der Erfindung mehrere Möglichkeiten der weiteren Ausbildung und Gestaltung. Im allgemeinen wird man die Anordnung so treffen, daß die Injektionslanze im Bereich der Mündung des ersten Zuführungskanals, des Brennstoffkanals sowie des zweiten Zuführungskanals in der Brennerfront mündet. Eine bevorzugte Aus­führungsform der Erfindung, die eine Einstellung auf unterschiedliche Betriebsverhältnisse zuläßt, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die In­jektionslanze und damit ihre Mündung in axialer Richtung verstellbar sind.In particular, there are several possibilities for further training and design within the scope of the invention. In general, the arrangement will be such that the injection lance opens into the area of the mouth of the first feed channel, the fuel channel and the second feed channel in the burner front. A preferred embodiment of the invention, which allows adjustment to different operating conditions, is characterized in that the injection lance and thus its mouth are adjustable in the axial direction.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Vergasungsbrenner kann die Injektionslan­ze von dem Primäroxidationsmittel umströmt sein. Je nach den Strö­mungsgeschwindigkeiten ist auch bei dieser Ausführungsform sicherge­stellt, daß der Flugstaub in die Primärreaktionszone gelangt und den Vergasungsvorgang nicht stört. Stabiler sind die Verhältnisse, wenn die Injektionslanze von einem Oxidationsmittelkanal und dieser von dem ersten Zuführungskanal umgeben ist. Dabei empfiehlt es sich, die Auslegung so zu treffen, daß der Oxidationsmittelkanal eine parallel zur Achse des Vergasungsbrenners verlaufende Mündung, der erste Zu­führungskanal eine nach außen gerichtete Mündung sowie der zweite Zuführungskanal eine nach innen gerichtete Mündung aufweisen. Im Rahmen der Erfindung liegt es, den zweiten Zuführungskanal mit einer Mehrzahl von äquidistant über den Umfang verteilten Mündungsbohrun­gen zu versehen. Die Mündung kann auch als Ringspalt ausgeführt sein. Wie auch im Rahmen der bekannten Maßnahmen empfiehlt es sich, zwischen dem ersten Zuführungskanal und dem Brennstoff-Ringkanal einen Kühlkanal anzuordnen.In the gasification burner according to the invention, the primary oxidant can flow around the injection lance. Depending on the flow velocities, this embodiment also ensures that the fly dust arrives in the primary reaction zone and does not interfere with the gasification process. The situation is more stable if the injection lance is surrounded by an oxidant channel and this is surrounded by the first supply channel. It is recommended that the design be such that the oxidant channel has a mouth that runs parallel to the axis of the gasification burner, the first feed channel has an outward mouth, and the second feed channel has an inward mouth. in the It is within the scope of the invention to provide the second feed channel with a plurality of orifices distributed equidistantly over the circumference. The mouth can also be designed as an annular gap. As in the context of the known measures, it is advisable to arrange a cooling channel between the first supply channel and the fuel ring channel.

Im Rahmen der Erfindung darf, wie bereits erwähnt, nicht ein zu großer Flugstaubmengenstrom in den Vergasungsbrenner eingeführt werden. Nichtsdestoweniger sind insoweit im großen Bereich Einstellun­gen möglich. Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform ist in diesem Zusammen­hang dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Injektionslanze für die Zufüh­rung eines Flugstaubmengenstromes eingerichtet ist, der um einen Fak­tor von 0,01 bis 0,15 kleiner ist als der Brennstoffmengenstrom. In diesem Bereich kann im allgemeinen der gesamte bei einer Anlage für die Vergasung von feinkörnigen bis staubförmigen festen Brennstoffen anfallende Flugstaub, mit seinem Anteil an Brennstoff, zurückgeführt werden.Within the scope of the invention, as already mentioned, an excessively large amount of airborne dust may not be introduced into the gasification burner. Nevertheless, settings are possible in the large area. In this context, a preferred embodiment is characterized in that the injection lance is set up for supplying a flow of flue dust that is smaller by a factor of 0.01 to 0.15 than the fuel flow. In this area, it is generally possible to recycle all of the fly dust, with its proportion of fuel, which occurs in a plant for the gasification of fine-grained to dust-like solid fuels.

Im folgenden werden die beschriebenen und weiteren Merkmale der Er­fingung anhand einer lediglich ein Ausführungsbeispiel darstellenden Zeichnung ausführlich erläutert. Es zeigen in schematischer Darstel­lung

  • Fig. 1 einen Axialschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Vergasungs­brenner,
  • Fig. 2 eine Ansicht des Gegenstandes der Fig. 1, ausschnittsweise.
In the following, the described and further features of the invention are explained in detail on the basis of a drawing which represents only one exemplary embodiment. They show a schematic representation
  • 1 shows an axial section through a gasification burner according to the invention,
  • Fig. 2 is a partial view of the object of Fig. 1.

Der in den Figuren dargestellte Vergasungsbrenner ist für eine nicht gezeichnete Anlage für die Vergasung von feinkörnigen bis staubförmi­ gen festen Brennstoffen bestimmt. Die Anlage weist einen Vergasungs­reaktor auf. Eine Mehrzahl der Vergasungsbrenner brennen mit ihrem Brennstoff/Reaktionsmittel-Strahl in den Vergasungsreaktor hinein und sind dazu im allgemeinen auf gleicher Höhe äquidistant um den Um­fang des Vergasungsreaktors verteilt. Die Brennstoff/Reaktionsmittel-­Strahlen bilden in dem Vergasungsreaktor eine Primärreaktionszone hoher Temperatur. Es versteht sich, daß aus dem Vergasungsreaktor ein Rohgas abgezogen wird.The gasification burner shown in the figures is for a system, not shown, for gasification from fine-grained to dust-like against solid fuels. The plant has a gasification reactor. A majority of the gasification burners burn with their fuel / reactant jet into the gasification reactor and are generally distributed equidistantly around the circumference of the gasification reactor. The fuel / reactant jets form a high temperature primary reaction zone in the gasification reactor. It is understood that a raw gas is withdrawn from the gasification reactor.

Zum grundsätzlichen Aufbau des Vergasungsbrenners gehören ein erster Zuführungskanal 1 für die Primäroxidationsmittel, ein umgeben­der Brennstoff-Ringkanal 2 für die Brennstoffe, die mit einem Träger­gas eingeführt werden, ein den Brennstoff-Ringkanal 2 umgebender zweiter ringförmiger Zuführungskanal 3 für Sekundäroxidationsmittel und Kühlkanäle 4, sowie gegebenenfalls zumindest ein Moderatorgas-­Ringkanal 5.The basic structure of the gasification burner includes a first feed channel 1 for the primary oxidizing agent, a surrounding fuel ring channel 2 for the fuels that are introduced with a carrier gas, a second annular feed channel 3 for secondary oxidizing agent and cooling channels 4 surrounding the fuel ring channel 2, and optionally at least one moderator gas ring channel 5.

In dem ersten Zuführungskanal 1 befindet sich eine rohrförmige Injek­tionslanze 6, die von Oxidationsmittel umströmt ist. Durch die Injek­tionslanze 6 ist ein Flugstaub/Trägergasstrom in den Kern des Brenn­stoff/Reaktionsmittel-Strahles injizierbar. Das Trägergas ist beispiels­weise Rohgas. Im Ausführungsbeispiel mündet die Injektionslanze 6 im Bereich der Mündungen des ersten Zuführungskanals 1, des Brennstoff-­Ringkanals 2 sowie des zweiten Zuführungskanals 3 und damit gleich­sam in der Front des Vergasungsbrenners. Eine trichterförmige Aus­bildung schließt sich an. Die Injektionslanze 6 verläuft in der Achse des Vergasungsbrenners. Sie kann in Richtung des eingezeichneten Doppelpfeils axial verstellbar sein, was eine Anpassung an unter­schiedliche Betriebsverhältnisse zuläßt.In the first feed channel 1 there is a tubular injection lance 6 which is surrounded by oxidizing agent. A flight dust / carrier gas stream can be injected into the core of the fuel / reactant jet through the injection lance 6. The carrier gas is, for example, raw gas. In the exemplary embodiment, the injection lance 6 opens in the area of the mouths of the first feed channel 1, the fuel ring channel 2 and the second feed channel 3 and thus, as it were, in the front of the gasification burner. A funnel-shaped training follows. The injection lance 6 runs in the axis of the gasification burner. It can be axially adjustable in the direction of the double arrow, which allows adaptation to different operating conditions.

Im Ausführungsbeispiel und nach bevorzugter Ausführungsform der Er­findung ist die Injektionslanze 6 von einem Oxidationsmittelkanal 7 und dieser von dem ersten Zuführungskanal 1 umgeben. Dabei besitzt der Oxidationsmittelkanal 7 eine Mündung 8, die parallel zur Achse des Vergasungsbrenners gerichtet ist und entsprechend tritt das Oxi­dationsmittel aus einem Oxidationskanal, den Flugstaubmengenstrom umhüllend aus. Der erste Zuführungskanal 1 besitzt demgegenüber eine nach außen gerichtete Mündung 9. Die Mündung 10 des zweiten Zuführungskanals 3 ist demgegenüber nach innen gerichtet, wie es auch bei den eingangs beschriebenen Vergasungsbrennern üblich ist. Im Rahmen der Erfindung liegt es, den zweiten Zuführungskanal 3 mit einer Mehrzahl von äquidistant über den Umfang verteilten Mündungs­bohrungen 11 zu versehen, wie es in Fig. 2 angedeutet wurde. Im übrigen sind alle Mündungen als Ringspalte ausgeführt. Zwischen dem ersten Zuführungskanal 1 und dem Brennstoff-Ringkanal 2 befindet sich ein ringförmiger Kühlkanal 4. Angedeutet wurde ein Flammenüber­wacher 12, mit dem der Vergasungsbrenner auf bekannte Weise über­wacht werden kann. Ein äußerer Kühlmantel 13 mit weiteren Kühlkanä­len 4 schließt sich an. Im Rahmen der Erfindung liegt es, in der In­jektionslanze 6 eine isolierte Zündelektrode 14 anzuordnen, wie es an der Mündung der Injektionslanze 6 strichpunktiert angedeutet wurde.In the exemplary embodiment and according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the injection lance 6 is surrounded by an oxidant channel 7 and this is surrounded by the first supply channel 1. The oxidizing agent channel 7 has an opening 8 which is directed parallel to the axis of the gasification burner and accordingly the oxidizing agent emerges from an oxidizing channel, enveloping the flue dust flow. The first feed channel 1, in contrast, has an outwardly directed mouth 9. The mouth 10 of the second feed channel 3, on the other hand, is directed inward, as is also common in the gasification burners described at the outset. It is within the scope of the invention to provide the second feed channel 3 with a plurality of orifices 11 distributed equidistantly over the circumference, as was indicated in FIG. 2. In addition, all mouths are designed as annular gaps. An annular cooling channel 4 is located between the first supply channel 1 and the fuel ring channel 2. A flame monitor 12 was indicated, with which the gasification burner can be monitored in a known manner. An outer cooling jacket 13 with further cooling channels 4 follows. It is within the scope of the invention to arrange an insulated ignition electrode 14 in the injection lance 6, as was indicated by dash-dotted lines at the mouth of the injection lance 6.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung befinden sich die Injektionslanze 6, der Oxidationsmittelkanal 7, der erste Zuführungs­kanal 1 und der Kühlkanal 4 in einem bzw. an einem einheitlichen Bauteil, welches durch enge Schraffur verdeutlicht und in axialer Richtung verstellbar ist. Insoweit besteht der erfindungsgemäße Verga­sungsbrenner gleichsam aus zwei selbständigen Baugruppen, die auch austauschbar sind. Durch das Austauschen ist eine Anpassung an un­terschiedliche Betriebsverhältnisse möglich.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the injection lance 6, the oxidant channel 7, the first feed channel 1 and the cooling channel 4 are located in or on a unitary component which is illustrated by close hatching and is adjustable in the axial direction. To this extent, the gasification burner according to the invention consists, as it were, of two independent assemblies, which are also interchangeable. By exchanging an adaptation to different operating conditions is possible.

Das für die Vergasung des feinkörnigen bis staubförmigen Brennstoffes erforderliche Oxidationsmittel Sauerstoff wird in zwei Ströme aufge­teilt, den primären und den sekundären Vergasungssauerstoff, deren Massenverhältnisse primär zu sekundär 1 : 1,15 bis 1,3 betragen kön­nen. Die Anordnung ist so getroffen, daß der Sauerstoffstrom aus dem ersten Zuführungskanal unter einem Einströmwinkel von 0 bis 20° zur Mittelachse des Vergasungsbrenners auf den Brennstoffstrom trifft. Die Austrittsgeschwindigkeit von 60 bis 120 m/s des primären Sauerstoffs dient neben einer innigen Vermischung der Stoffe auch dazu, den Brennstoff von einer niedrigen Anfangsgeschwindigkeit auf die Ge­schwindigkeit zu beschleunigen, die der Axialgeschwindigkeit des se­kundären Sauerstoffs entspricht bzw. nahekommt. Dieser tritt unter einem Winkel von 20 bis 50° zur Mittelachse des Vergasungsbrenners mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 40 bis 100 m/s aus.The oxidizing agent oxygen required for the gasification of the fine-grained to dust-like fuel is divided into two streams, the primary and the secondary gasification oxygen, whose mass ratios between primary and secondary can be 1: 1.15 to 1.3. The arrangement is such that the oxygen flow from the first feed channel strikes the fuel flow at an inflow angle of 0 to 20 ° to the central axis of the gasification burner. In addition to an intimate mixing of the substances, the exit velocity of 60 to 120 m / s of the primary oxygen also serves to accelerate the fuel from a low initial velocity to the velocity which corresponds to or approximates the axial velocity of the secondary oxygen. This emerges at an angle of 20 to 50 ° to the central axis of the gasification burner at a speed of 40 to 100 m / s.

Von besonderer Bedeutung ist der Flammenüberwacher 12. Er erlaubt es, festzustellen, ob sich Verbackungen von Flugstaubteilchen gebildet haben.The flame monitor 12 is of particular importance. It makes it possible to determine whether caked-on particles of particulate matter have formed.

Der erfindungsgemäße Vergasungbrenner kann auch als Zündbrenner eingesetzt werden, und zwar insbesondere bei Kohlevergasungsanlagen.The gasification burner according to the invention can also be used as a pilot burner, in particular in coal gasification plants.

Claims (11)

1. Vergasungsbrenner für eine Anlage für die Vergasung von feinkör­nigen bis staubförmigen festen Brennstoffen, die einen Vergasungs­reaktor aufweist, - mit
einem zentralen ersten Zuführungskanal für Primäroxida­tionsmittel,
einem umgebenden Brennstoff-Ringkanal für die Brennstoffe, die mit einem Trägergas eingeführt werden,
einem den Brennstoff-Ringkanal umgebenden zweiten ring­förmigen Zuführungskanal für Sekundäroxidationsmittel,
sowie mit Kühlkanälen und gegebenenfalls zumindest einem Moderator­gas-Ringkanal, wobei eine Mehrzahl der Vergasungsbrenner mit ihrem Brennstoff/Reaktionsmittel-Strahl in den Vergasungsreaktor hineinbren­nen und die Brennstoff/Reaktionsmittel-Strahlen in dem Vergasungsre­aktor eine Primärreaktionszone hoher Temperatur bilden sowie aus dem Vergasungsreaktor ein Rohgas abgezogen wird, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß in dem ersten Zuführungskanal (1) eine rohrförmige Injektionslanze (6) angeordnet ist, die von Oxidations­mittel umströmt ist, und daß durch die Injektionslanze (6) ein Flug­staub/Trägergas-Strom in den Kern des Brennstoff/Reaktionsmittel-­Strahles injizierbar ist.1. Gasification burner for a plant for the gasification of fine-grained to dust-like solid fuels, which has a gasification reactor, with
a central first supply channel for primary oxidants,
a surrounding ring fuel channel for the fuels that are introduced with a carrier gas,
a second annular feed channel for secondary oxidizing agents surrounding the fuel ring channel,
as well as with cooling channels and optionally at least one moderator gas ring channel, wherein a majority of the gasification burners burn with their fuel / reactant jet into the gasification reactor and the fuel / reactant jets in the gasification reactor form a high temperature primary reaction zone and a raw gas is withdrawn from the gasification reactor , characterized in that in the first feed channel (1) a tubular injection lance (6) is arranged, around which oxidant flows, and that through the injection lance (6) a dust / carrier gas flow into the core of the fuel / reactant jet is injectable. 2. Vergasungsbrenner nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Injektionslanze (6) axial in den ersten Zuführungskanal (1) ein­gesetzt ist.2. Gasification burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the injection lance (6) is inserted axially into the first feed channel (1). 3. Vergasungsbrenner nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß die Injektionslanze (6) im Bereich der Mündungen des ersten Zuführungskanals (1), des Brennstoffkanals (2) sowie des zweiten Zuführungskanals (3) in der Brennerfront mündet.3. Gasification burner according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the injection lance (6) in the area of the mouths of the first feed channel (1), the fuel channel (2) and the second feed channel (3) opens into the burner front. 4. Vergasungsbrenner nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß die Injektionslanze (6) und damit deren Mündung in axialer Richtung verstellbar sind.4. Gasification burner according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the injection lance (6) and thus the mouth thereof are adjustable in the axial direction. 5. Vergasungsbrenner nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß die Injektionslanze (6) von dem Primäroxidations­mittel umströmt ist.5. Gasification burner according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the injection lance (6) is flowed around by the primary oxidizing agent. 6. Vergasungsbrenner nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß die Injektionslanze (6) von einem Oxidationsmittel­kanal (7) und dieser von dem ersten Zuführungskanal (1) für das Oxidationsmittel umgeben ist.6. Gasification burner according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the injection lance (6) of an oxidant channel (7) and this is surrounded by the first feed channel (1) for the oxidant. 7. Vergasungsbrenner nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Oxidationsmittelkanal (7) eine parallel zur Achse des Vergasungs­brenners verlaufende Mündung, der erste Zuführungskanal (1) eine nach außen gerichtete Mündung (9) sowie der zweite Zuführungskanal (3) eine nach innen gerichtete Mündung (10) aufweisen.7. Gasification burner according to claim 6, characterized in that the oxidant channel (7) has a mouth parallel to the axis of the gasification burner, the first feed channel (1) an outward mouth (9) and the second feed channel (3) an inward Have mouth (10). 8. Vergasungsbrenner nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß der zweite Zuführungskanal (3) eine Mehrzahl von äquidistant über den Umfang verteilten Mündungsbohrungen (11) auf­weist.8. Gasification burner according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the second feed channel (3) has a plurality of equidistantly distributed over the circumference orifices (11). 9. Vergasungsbrenner nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß zwischen dem ersten Zuführungskanal (1) und dem Brennstoff-Ringkanal (2) ein ringförmiger Kühlkanal (4) angeordnet ist.9. Gasification burner according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that an annular cooling channel (4) is arranged between the first feed channel (1) and the fuel ring channel (2). 10. Vergasungsbrenner nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß die Injektionslanze (6), der Oxidationskanal (7), der erste Zuführungskanal (1) und der Kühlkanal (4) ein einheitliches Bauteil bilden, welches durch den Kühlkanal (4) von den übrigen Bauteilen des Vergasungsbrenners getrennt ist, und daß dieses ein­heitliche Bauteil in axialer Richtung verstellbar ist.10. Gasification burner according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the injection lance (6), the oxidation channel (7), the first feed channel (1) and the cooling channel (4) form a single component, which through the cooling channel (4th ) is separated from the other components of the gasification burner, and that this unitary component is adjustable in the axial direction. 11. Vergasungsbrenner nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Injektionslanze (6) für die Zuführung eines Flugstaubmengenstromes eingerichtet ist, der um einen Faktor von 0,01 bis 0,15 kleiner ist als der Brennstoffmengenstrom.11. Gasification burner according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the injection lance (6) is set up for the supply of a flue dust flow, which is smaller by a factor of 0.01 to 0.15 than the fuel flow.
EP89117730A 1988-11-05 1989-09-26 Burner for the gasification of fine grained and pulverulent solid fuels Expired - Lifetime EP0367966B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3837586A DE3837586A1 (en) 1988-11-05 1988-11-05 GASIFICATION BURNER FOR A PLANT FOR GASIFYING SOLID FUELS
DE3837586 1988-11-05

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EP0367966A1 true EP0367966A1 (en) 1990-05-16
EP0367966B1 EP0367966B1 (en) 1992-12-09

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CN (1) CN1020502C (en)
DD (1) DD286031A5 (en)
DE (2) DE3837586A1 (en)
DK (1) DK169526B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2036776T3 (en)
PL (1) PL163597B1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA897382B (en)

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EP0437698A1 (en) * 1989-12-19 1991-07-24 Krupp Koppers GmbH Process for operating a plant for the gassification of solid fuels
WO2012041808A1 (en) * 2010-10-01 2012-04-05 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. A burner for the gasification of a solid fuel

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CN1323261C (en) * 2005-06-24 2007-06-27 北京航天动力研究所 A combustible powder swirl burner
DE102006060867B4 (en) * 2006-12-22 2020-07-02 Khd Humboldt Wedag Gmbh Rotary kiln burners
US20130160856A1 (en) * 2011-12-22 2013-06-27 General Electric Company Multi-port injector system and method
DE102013106656A1 (en) * 2013-06-25 2015-01-08 Brinkmann Industrielle Feuerungssysteme Gmbh Burner lance and method for operating a burner lance for industrial thermal processes
CN105090944B (en) * 2015-07-08 2017-11-10 安徽科达洁能股份有限公司 The combustion method of burner, airflow bed gasification furnace and airflow bed gasification furnace
DE102017204581A1 (en) * 2017-03-20 2018-09-20 Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg Burner head for arrangement in the head of a carburettor for the primary oxidation of gaseous gasification substances in carburettors according to the principle of autothermal reforming (ATR) or non-catalytic partial oxidation (POX)
DE202017107794U1 (en) 2017-12-20 2018-01-22 Choren Industrietechnik GmbH Burner tip and pilot burner

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WO2012041808A1 (en) * 2010-10-01 2012-04-05 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. A burner for the gasification of a solid fuel
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Also Published As

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ES2036776T3 (en) 1993-06-01
DE58902964D1 (en) 1993-01-21
CN1042596A (en) 1990-05-30
DD286031A5 (en) 1991-01-10
DK169526B1 (en) 1994-11-21
PL163597B1 (en) 1994-04-29
EP0367966B1 (en) 1992-12-09
DE3837586A1 (en) 1990-05-10
ZA897382B (en) 1990-07-25
DK548589D0 (en) 1989-11-03
CN1020502C (en) 1993-05-05
DK548589A (en) 1990-05-06
DE3837586C2 (en) 1992-02-20

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