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EP0193571A1 - Charpente metallique a trois dimensions composee d'elements independants pour la construction de batiments. - Google Patents

Charpente metallique a trois dimensions composee d'elements independants pour la construction de batiments.

Info

Publication number
EP0193571A1
EP0193571A1 EP85904441A EP85904441A EP0193571A1 EP 0193571 A1 EP0193571 A1 EP 0193571A1 EP 85904441 A EP85904441 A EP 85904441A EP 85904441 A EP85904441 A EP 85904441A EP 0193571 A1 EP0193571 A1 EP 0193571A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
elements
legs
supports
insulating
space framework
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP85904441A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0193571B1 (fr
Inventor
Josef Baierl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Baierl and Demmelhuber GmbH and Co Akustik and Trockenbau KG
Original Assignee
Baierl and Demmelhuber GmbH and Co Akustik and Trockenbau KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Baierl and Demmelhuber GmbH and Co Akustik and Trockenbau KG filed Critical Baierl and Demmelhuber GmbH and Co Akustik and Trockenbau KG
Priority to AT85904441T priority Critical patent/ATE44063T1/de
Publication of EP0193571A1 publication Critical patent/EP0193571A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0193571B1 publication Critical patent/EP0193571B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/30—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts being composed of two or more materials; Composite steel and concrete constructions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/74—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge
    • E04B2/7407—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts
    • E04B2/7409—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts special measures for sound or thermal insulation, including fire protection
    • E04B2/7412—Posts or frame members specially adapted for reduced sound or heat transmission
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B2001/0053—Buildings characterised by their shape or layout grid
    • E04B2001/0076—Buildings with specific right-angled horizontal layout grid
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E04B1/2403—Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts
    • E04B2001/2448—Connections between open section profiles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E04B2001/2466—Details of the elongated load-supporting parts
    • E04B2001/2469—Profile with an array of connection holes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E04B2001/2466—Details of the elongated load-supporting parts
    • E04B2001/2472—Elongated load-supporting part formed from a number of parallel profiles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E04B2001/2481—Details of wall panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E04B2001/2496—Shear bracing therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a metal space framework consisting of individual elements for the construction of buildings. It is known to build such trusses for assembly houses in replica of wooden trusses made of metal profiles. Such a proposal is known for example from German Offenlegungsschrift DE-OS 31 30 427. Another proposal emerges from US Pat. No. 4,205,497.
  • a versatile metal skeleton is created according to the invention, in which all problems of the heat difference between inside and outside are overcome.
  • This relates both to thermal insulation or insulation and to the avoidance of tension and condensation.
  • the skeleton uses a few, namely essentially three types of elements and profiles, thus allowing rational Allocation of pre-conversion in a stationary operation, easy transport to the place of use and inexpensive installation.
  • the skeleton consists of sheet metal profiles that can be manufactured inexpensively and can be prefabricated in a uniform manner. Since no grid needs to be specified, these uniform profiles can be arranged closer to or further from one another in order to adapt to the static requirements in this way without having to keep statically different load-bearing profiles in stock.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective of a corner formation on an outside, 2 shows an embodiment of the support used which is modified compared to FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 2a shows a schematic section through the support modified according to FIG. 2
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic cross section
  • FIGS. 1 and 2a show a detail from FIGS. 1 and 2a in two levels of representation
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic perspective illustration of a spatial truss constructed from the elements
  • FIG. 8 shows in detail the integration of a ceiling beam that can be arranged between supports
  • Fig. 9 shows a cross section through a wall section and Fig. 10 is an elevation through the same wall section.
  • 11 and 12 show a modified embodiment of an insulating spacer.
  • a spatial framework skeleton is built up from prefabricated metal profile and flat material elements.
  • a load-bearing element is a vertical support, which is differentiated according to the installation location of these supports in the spatial framework according to external wall supports (10 or 40) and pure internal wall supports 50. However, all advantageously consist of four identical individual profiles 14 or 15.
  • FIG. 1 shows a corner of the house with an outer wall corner support 10 made of four identical individual profiles 14 in the form of an angle, which in this case are composed of an inner profile 14a and three outer profiles 14b from the same angle.
  • the angle profiles for internally and externally flat legs 16 and 18 have bevels 20 and 22, respectively.
  • the legs 16 are located in the area of the outer wall and the uniform legs 18 are located in the inner wall area.
  • Edge brackets 20 and 22 are used to stiffen the profiles 14 a and 14 b, the outer bends 20 also serving to fasten an outer skin 12.
  • a support 10 modified with respect to the embodiment according to FIG. 1 with the angle profile 15 is shown in more detail in FIGS. 2 and 2a.
  • the modification is that each leg of the angle 15 has a groove 19 drawn inward of the support 10.
  • In the area of this channel 19 there is a spacer 26 or 27 described in more detail below such that its fastening means within the channel *
  • the support 10 is in any case composed of the four identical individual profiles 14 a and 14 b or 15 a and 15 so that a clear distance 36 remains between opposite legs 16 and 18, respectively.
  • This distance 36 is particularly important between the legs 16 of an outside profile 14b or 15b and the legs 18 of an inside profile 14a or 15a.
  • any metallic Connection between the legs 16 and l8 over the distance 36 avoided. This eliminates any metallic heat or cold bridge between the elements on the outside and the elements on the inside of a building constructed according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 5a and 5b This first shows an embodiment of how a mechanical connection is made available which on the one hand avoids any heat flow in the connecting material and on the other hand ensures a good mechanical connection and strength.
  • the illustrated embodiment shows a detachable mechanical connection in the inner part of the two representations.
  • fertilizer 26 which can be used wherever elements on the outside with elements on the inside of the building are to be kept at the desired distance 36.
  • This connection 26 consists of a non-metallic insulating body 28 without thermal conductivity and of sufficient strength. It can be a hard rubber or a plastic body. In addition, a certain elasticity of the material is desired for sound insulation.
  • Mechanical connecting elements for example threaded pins 30 provided with a thread, are embedded in the body 28 so as to be resistant to torsion, tension and compression and are aligned axially with respect to one another. The torsional, tensile and compressive strength is achieved in that the screw pins 30 end inside the insulating and spacing body 28 in an armature 32, which can be a simple radial widening, but also a star-shaped plate or the like.
  • the two anchors 32 are in turn kept at a sufficient distance within the insulating and spacing body 28, in particular if these anchors 32 are made of metal in order to avoid any heat flow.
  • the screw pins 30 are intended to protrude through corresponding openings in the legs 16 and 18 and the finished connection is made by nuts 34 during assembly.
  • other detachable or non-detachable connections can also be provided instead of the screw connection.
  • the insulating spacers 26 designed according to FIGS. 5a and 5b are located in all corners of the building and outer wall support elements to avoid heat flow between the outer parts, such as the legs 16, which run parallel to the outer skin 12 and which are located on the inside. 9
  • FIG. 3 there can be three different supports in cross section.
  • the support 10 already described in detail above is located in an outer corner of the building.
  • Adjacent supports 40 are located in the flat area between the outer and inner skin and there are different supports 50 in the interior of the building.
  • FIG. 4 the section marked in FIG. 3 with the three different types of supports is shown in more detail.
  • the support 10 is located in a corner of the building. Located in the direction of the outer skin 12 5
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 are not true-to-scale representations of an actual building, but a schematic representation of the principle.
  • the support 40 is also made up of four identical profile elements 14 as the support 10. However, while the support 10 in the corner of the building is at a distance 3o in two intersecting planes or outer walls and therefore in each connecting plane of the elements 14 is set to a distance 36, the distance 36 need only be maintained in the support 40 parallel to the outer skin 12 by inserting the insulating spacer elements 26 in the manner described above.
  • the legs of the profiles can. 14 placed directly on top of one another and connected to one another by simple connecting elements 24 such as screws or rivets.
  • a support 50 which is located completely inside the building, is built up anyway with legs directly connected to one another by connectors 24, as can be seen from the part below in the illustration in FIG. 4. Both supports 40 and 50 are statically connected with a diagonal band 80 in addition to the horizontal main girders not shown in this illustration.
  • an inner support 50 is shown with the profile angles 15, which are connected directly and without distance km to the rivets 24 in the channels 19.
  • the support 50 can be filled on the inside with insulating material 43.
  • FIG. 6 serves to provide a schematic perspective overview of a composite spatial framework and to explain those levels that are additionally installed.
  • all vertical supports 10, 40 in the wall area in purlins 100 . 7 according to the distance 36 can be designed so that all feet 42 of the supports 10, 40 adjusts and can be connected in a suitable manner to the legs of the preferably U-shaped purlins 100.
  • there are diagonal tension bands 80 between adjacent supports 10 and 40 which align the spatial truss when tensioning turnbuckles 82 and make it angularly rigid in all two wall levels.
  • the space defined by the distance 36 extending everywhere through each outer wall therefore not only enables an advantageous strict separation of the outer wall and inner wall structure, but also a suitable free space for a diagonal bracing.
  • Perforated flat strip material can preferably be used for the diagonal bracing.
  • FIGS. 6, 8, 9 and 10 there are between the supports 10 or 40 or 50 vertically inserted dividing profiles 90 composed of four individual elements, which on the one hand serve to provide sufficient support for optionally insertable soft lining material 94 and on the other hand to offer additional static support for dissipating forces, which are introduced from the ceiling via cross beams into the truss wall, as will be explained in more detail below.
  • additional fastening surfaces are provided for the inner or outer skin.
  • These dividing profiles 90 are set in pairs in the area of an outer wall in the purlins 100, but according to the invention such that a distance 92 (FIGS. 6, 8, 9 and 10) is maintained in the direction of the longitudinal axis of each outer wall 12. With this distance 92 in the area of the outer wall infill it is avoided that thermal bridges are created due to metal cross-sections of the dividing profiles 10 which are too closely adjacent and which penetrate the insulating material 94 or the air layer of the outer wall infill located in this area transversely thereto.
  • connection angle 76 for a circumferential horizontal main beam 60, which in one embodiment according to FIG. I arranged in pairs , angled profiles 62.
  • Each profile 62 has I *
  • a vertical web 64 on which a box profile 66 is folded at the top and bottom.
  • the web 64 is bent "at right angles" to a flange 68, which is folded back parallel to the plane of the web 64 to an outer web 70.
  • the box profile 66 is finally completed by a transverse flange 72 with an edge 76 fold in one operation and offers sufficient static strength.
  • the connection between the edge 74 and the web can remain open, but mechanical improvements in the section modulus of the carrier 60 can also be achieved by punching points or by attaching welding points can be achieved in a simple manner in the manufacture of profiles on the same machine, so that an increase in strength does not result in any particular manufacturing difficulties.
  • secondary beams 84 can be inserted into the main beams 60, which are constructed uniformly and have a smaller cross-section.
  • the main and secondary beams can also be designed according to a modification from FIGS. 2 and 8 in such a way that the U-legs end with the outer webs 70 at low loads and have only one retracted edge 71.
  • the retracted edge 71 is brought in a direction that is suitable for holding inserted insulation material.
  • the webs 64 are connected when the horizontal main beams 60 with the supports 10, 40 or 50 at floor level are connected to the outer legs 16 and inner legs 18 of the supports 10 or 40, with the same support 60 being between adjacent webs 64 ti
  • the insulating spacers 26 are used for this, as shown by way of example on the left in FIG. In contrast to the illustration in FIG. 5b, these spacers 26 usually have an angular and not a round outline.
  • a round outer configuration of the insulating body 28 according to FIG. 5b can be expedient only at those nodes at which a diagonal band 8 ⁇ ari, which is only schematically shown, is to be connected in the middle of the nodes, which is done in practice compared to the schematic representation in the patent drawing his.
  • the insulating body 28 is then surrounded by a sleeve 31 which is normally not present and around which the end of the diagonal band 80 which is deformed to form a loop 33 bears.
  • the loop 33 is closed with fastening means 35.
  • connection points for the diagonal band 80 at the connection points with the spacers 26, for which spacers 27 made of metal can also be used, insofar as this diagonal band 80 is required.
  • the requirement follows from the static load and the necessary bracing. It will normally not be necessary to have 10, 40 or 50 crossing diagonal bands in each field between load-bearing supports.
  • the box-shaped profile 66 according to FIGS.
  • the web 64 of the profile 62 lying inside in an outer wall can be connected to the inside leg 18 of the support 10 or 40 and the outside web 64 of an outside profile with the outer leg 16 of the support 10 or 40, so that the distance 36 is maintained between the outer main beam 60.
  • secondary girders 84 are inserted to form a load-bearing floor ceiling as shown in FIG. 8, which have the same structural shape as the main girder 60 and are laid on a suitable grid scale and are connected to the main girders 60.
  • 11 and 12 show a further modified embodiment of the outer part of the insulating body 28 separating the inner wall part without thermal conductivity and sufficient strength. All lines previously described are identified by the same reference numbers.
  • This modified spacer 28 can be used according to FIG. 11 in elevation or according to FIG. 12 in plan in the support area of the outer skin. 11 can also be seen as an example of a connection in the horizontal beam region.
  • the spacer 28 is made from a plywood board 29 and is inserted between the respective metal parts between the outer wall area 12 and the inner wall area at a distance 36.
  • the metal parts are expediently given a row of holes with a fixed predetermined distance "L” of, for example, 60 mm. Accordingly, the board 29 also receives a perforation at a distance "L".
  • a screw bolt 33 is inserted through a first bore 31 and is provided on the outside with a nut 35, while the screw head of the bolt 33 is located in a recess 37.
  • Another bolt 39 is offset by the dimension "L” from the outside with its bolt head in a recess 41 in such a way that it can be provided with a nut 43 (FIG. 12). This series can be continued alternately. In any case, a thermal bridge is easily avoided.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

Dans une charpente tridimensionnelle auto porteuse statique de construction de maisons, les charpentes murales n'ont qu'une fonction d'isolation et pas de fonction statique. Des profils métalliques sont réunis à des intervalles voulus et utilisés comme piliers (10) et poutres (60). Dans la région des parois extérieures (12) ils sont réunis de sorte à éviter la formation de ponts de chaleur entre des éléments agencés à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur.
EP85904441A 1984-08-20 1985-08-20 Charpente metallique a trois dimensions composee d'elements independants pour la construction de batiments Expired EP0193571B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85904441T ATE44063T1 (de) 1984-08-20 1985-08-20 Metall-raumfachwerk aus einzelelementen zum errichten von gebaeuden.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19843430612 DE3430612A1 (de) 1984-08-20 1984-08-20 Metall-raumfachwerk aus einzelelementen zum errichten von gebaeuden
DE3430612 1984-08-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0193571A1 true EP0193571A1 (fr) 1986-09-10
EP0193571B1 EP0193571B1 (fr) 1989-06-14

Family

ID=6243479

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85904441A Expired EP0193571B1 (fr) 1984-08-20 1985-08-20 Charpente metallique a trois dimensions composee d'elements independants pour la construction de batiments

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4742665A (fr)
EP (1) EP0193571B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3430612A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1986001242A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US5513473A (en) * 1992-01-06 1996-05-07 Sucre F.; Alfredo Prefabricated building system
US5642594A (en) * 1993-10-05 1997-07-01 Sucre F; Alfredo Prefabricated building system

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FR2613403A1 (fr) * 1987-04-03 1988-10-07 Bretzner Michel Pilier, notamment pour constructions a ossature bois et constructions faisant usage de tels piliers
GB9218957D0 (en) * 1992-09-08 1992-10-21 Perks Arthur T Graviationally locked structural joint
WO1997032093A1 (fr) * 1996-03-01 1997-09-04 Bhp Steel (Jla) Pty. Ltd. Systeme d'isolation
US5740648A (en) * 1996-05-14 1998-04-21 Piccone; Francesco Modular formwork for concrete
US5809726A (en) * 1996-08-21 1998-09-22 Spude; Gerald T. Foundation construction system
DE19636802A1 (de) * 1996-09-11 1998-03-12 Ernst Koller Gebäudeskelett
CA2271601C (fr) 1997-10-17 2003-06-17 The Global Engineering Trust Elements de coffrage modulaires et methode d'assemblage
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US6694692B2 (en) * 1998-10-16 2004-02-24 Francesco Piccone Modular formwork elements and assembly
CA2315401A1 (fr) 1999-08-13 2001-02-13 Alfredo J. Sucre F. Poteaux corniers pour systemes de construction prefabriquee
US6421972B1 (en) 2000-04-27 2002-07-23 I Mozaic Trust Modular wall component with insulative thermal break
US6698710B1 (en) 2000-12-20 2004-03-02 Portland Cement Association System for the construction of insulated concrete structures using vertical planks and tie rails
US6837016B2 (en) 2001-08-30 2005-01-04 Simmons Robert J Moment-resistant building frame structure componentry and method
US20050055969A1 (en) * 2002-03-18 2005-03-17 Simmons Robert J. Building frame structure
US6802169B2 (en) * 2002-03-18 2004-10-12 Robert J. Simmons Building frame structure
US20040200178A1 (en) * 2003-04-08 2004-10-14 Simmons Robert J. Matrix frame/panel skin building structure
GR1006183B (el) * 2005-10-07 2008-12-08 Δημητριος Γεωργιου Φαης Μεθοδος κατασκευης φεροντα οργανισμου (σκελετου) προς ανεγερση κτιριων, με συνδεση μεταξυ τους γραμμικων φορεων ορθογωνικης διατομης και πρισματικης μορφης.
FR2906277B1 (fr) * 2006-09-22 2008-12-12 Apr Entpr Sarl Procede de construction d'un batiment d'habitation a ossature porteuse metallique et batiment obtenu
EP2155985A4 (fr) * 2007-04-02 2012-06-20 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc Procédés et appareil permettant de créer des revêtements destinés à des structures en béton
CA2816303C (fr) 2007-11-09 2015-06-02 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Composants de connecteur pour des systemes de coffrage et leurs procedes d'utilisation
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WO2012003587A1 (fr) 2010-07-06 2012-01-12 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Système de poussée pour restaurer, réparer, renforcer, protéger, isoler et/ou revêtir des structures
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WO1986001242A1 (fr) 1986-02-27
DE3571055D1 (en) 1989-07-20
US4742665A (en) 1988-05-10
EP0193571B1 (fr) 1989-06-14
DE3430612A1 (de) 1986-02-27

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