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EP0180607B1 - Procede de combustion avec controle de ionisation - Google Patents

Procede de combustion avec controle de ionisation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0180607B1
EP0180607B1 EP85901985A EP85901985A EP0180607B1 EP 0180607 B1 EP0180607 B1 EP 0180607B1 EP 85901985 A EP85901985 A EP 85901985A EP 85901985 A EP85901985 A EP 85901985A EP 0180607 B1 EP0180607 B1 EP 0180607B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flame
air flow
oil
cup
fact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85901985A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0180607A1 (fr
Inventor
Heinz Kotzmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT85901985T priority Critical patent/ATE45622T1/de
Publication of EP0180607A1 publication Critical patent/EP0180607A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0180607B1 publication Critical patent/EP0180607B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes; Burner heads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/001—Spraying nozzle combined with forced draft fan in one unit

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a method for generating a soot-free flame on an oil burner operating with an oil spray cone and a combustion air flow generated by a blower, or on a burner head of an oil burner according to the preamble of claim 3.
  • the flame cup is axially displaceable on the nozzle block to change the flame geometry, the position of the oil spray cone changing relative to that of the flame cup base.
  • This change not only results in a change in the position of the primary and secondary air flow to the oil spray cone, but also in an undesired change in the amount of leakage air flowing between the oil burner nozzle and the central cup bottom opening. In the combustion process taking place, this amount of leakage air flows in the axial direction and without swirling onto the oil spray cone, which extends the flame.
  • the geometry of the helical swirl of the primary air flow is adversely changed in this method by the leakage air component and the desired homogenization of the air / oil mixture is hindered.
  • the invention is based on the object of developing a method or a burner head of an oil burner of the type mentioned at the outset, in which the geometry of the flame can be adapted to the combustion chamber to improve the efficiency without coking occurring in the nozzle area.
  • This object is achieved by the method according to the invention or by the characterizing features of claim 3.
  • This inventive solution has the advantage that the tertiary air flows in a belt-like manner into the flame that has already been lit and shortens it, without this resulting in a build-up of heat in the area of the oil burner nozzle with the result of coking.
  • the fact that no leakage air gets under the oil spray cone means that the primary and secondary air components actually combusted are always twisted and thus their air flow is controlled.
  • the primary air screws onto the oil spray cone from below and forms a primary gas mixture, which is made possible by the swirl effect and which can be ionized, so that the blue flame obtained here can be monitored according to the ionization principle. It also advantageously significantly reduces the proportion of nitrogen oxides.
  • the secondary air component preventing overheating of the cylindrical part of the flame cup due to its circular swirl.
  • the tertiary air flow also prevents the flame from breaking off. Due to the targeted air flow, additional heat accumulation or heat protection agents are not necessary.
  • the ignition electrodes which are arranged outside of the flame cup in the known oil burners, can be arranged here in the flame cup, whereby a compact and therefore more economical and trouble-free burner head is obtained. Last but not least, a burner head operating according to the method according to the invention does not tend to resonate, so that it operates with little noise.
  • the flame can advantageously be monitored according to the ionization principle.
  • the characterizing features of claim 3 advantageously achieve that when the flame cup is moved, the cross section of the annular channel and thus the amount of air in the tertiary air stream is changed without the primary air stream changing or without uncontrollable amounts of leakage air occurring. Since the passage cross-sections for the primary and the secondary air flow are fixed, an axial displacement of the flame head with the change in the throttling effect for the tertiary air flow gives a corresponding change in the air quantities of the primary and secondary air flow. A further correction can also be made by changing the total amount of combustion air.
  • the primary partial air flow entering the flame cup arrives directly under the oil spray cone and thereby forms a type of heat shield towards the nozzle opening.
  • the embodiment according to claim 5 has the advantage that, on the one hand, the emerging primary air flow, as a screwed swirl, already detects the beginning of the oil spray cone in order to enable flame formation very early on, and on the other hand, by exchanging this insert ring, the passage cross section for the primary air flow and thus the corresponding one Air volume is changeable.
  • the helical channels can be laterally open in sections to allow an additional inflow or outflow cross section.
  • the tertiary air flow is deflected from the axial, screwed direction with a radial component into the flame, a streamlined transition between the ring channel and ring opening being present.
  • the features of claim 10 have the advantage that no damage to the flame cup can occur at extremely high heat loads.
  • a nozzle assembly 1 with an oil burner nozzle 2 is clamped axially in a burner head insert 3, which is fastened coaxially in a casing tube 4 of the burner head.
  • the casing tube 4 is inserted on the side 5 into the housing of a blower oil burner, so that air can be supplied in the direction of the arrow 1 under a certain pressure (blower pressure).
  • An oil line 6 leads to the nozzle assembly 1, through which heating oil is supplied to the oil burner nozzle 2.
  • the flame tube 4 is drawn inwards on the side facing away from the input side 5 by a conical section 7, so that a final outlet air cross section 8 is created.
  • the burner head insert 3 shown partly in section, has a flame cup 9 with a cylindrical section 10 and a flame cup base 11.
  • the wall of the flame cup base 11 is perforated in the area of the oil burner nozzle 2, a swirl insert ring 12 being supported on the wall next to the opening, which is supported by the oil burner nozzle 2 is pressed from below onto the cup base 11.
  • This ring 12 is interchangeable and has screw-shaped, slot-like channels 13 which have radial inlet or outlet openings in sections. This makes it possible, by changing this ring 12, to predetermine a primary air flow entering the flame cup via the channels 13, firstly with regard to its direction and secondly with regard to its quantity.
  • the outlet slots 14 of these channels run, as is not shown in more detail, in a more radial direction.
  • the flame cup base 11 is also still perforated for receiving the ionization probe 15 on the one hand and the ignition electrodes 16 on the other hand, only one of which is shown.
  • annular channel 17 for guiding a further air flow, which is divided into a secondary and a tertiary air flow.
  • This ring channel tapers at 18 between section 7 of the casing tube 4 and the upper edge 19 of the cylindrical section 10.
  • a swirl device 20 is provided for the further air flow.
  • This is a ring 21 in which inclined channels 22 are provided.
  • a swirl-producing slot-like channels 24 are provided, through which secondary air reaches the flame cup 9 from the annular space 17.
  • the free passage 18 can be changed so that a more or less large throttle is created for the tertiary air.
  • the geometry of the flame changes.
  • the flame can be adapted to the respective combustion chamber in a very simple manner. Due to the partially radially inward exit of the primary air from the channels 13, coking in the area of the nozzle outlet is also avoided. Due to the favorable air routing of the swirl and the coordination of the same, sufficient conductivity for ionization flame monitoring and thus a very compact design is already created in the flame cup 9.
  • the bottom 111 of the flame cup 109 is designed in a stepped manner, with an outer ring surface 30 and an inner ring surface 31.
  • the outer ring surface 30 is set back in the flow direction and receives the ionization probe 15 and the ignition electrodes 16.
  • the slot-like channels 24 open into the flame cup just above the outer ring surface 30, so that this first section of the openings is opposite the cylinder wall 34 formed by the step.
  • the inner ring 31 is provided with a ceramic layer 33 in order to prevent the soot layers from adhering to the area to be kept cool by the nozzle.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
  • Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

Une tête de brûleur produit une flamme exempte de suie dans un brûleur à mazout pulvérisant le mazout sous pression selon un cône. La longueur et la largeur de la flamme sont déterminées par l'air de combustion amené dans la zone de la flamme par deux conduits (13, 24). Pour conférer à chaque jet d'air de combustion un moment giratoire différent, la quantité d'air de chaque conduit (13, 24) est individuellement variable.

Claims (10)

1. Procédé visant à engendrer une flamme sans suie sur un brûleur à fuel fonctionnant à l'aide d'un cône de pulvérisation de fuel et avec un courant d'air de combustion produit par un ventilateur, avec lequel un courant d'air primaire imprimé d'un mouvement en spirale est dirigé dans le sens axial du cône de pulvérisation de fuel sur l'enveloppe de ce même cône cependant qu'un autre courant d'air également imprimé d'un tel mouvement en spirale se partage en un courant d'air secondaire et en un courant d'air tertiaire, le courant secondaire étant amené à la flamme au terme d'un nouveau mouvement rotatoire, en aval du courant d'air primaire, le courant d'air tertiaire étant, lui, dirigé vers la flamme sans nouveau mouvement rotatoire en aval du courant d'air secondaire avec une composante radiale orientée vers l'intérieur.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait qu'il se constitue grâce aux courants partiels un gaz d'huile ionisable en liaison avec la chaleur engendrée par la combustion et que le contrôle de la flamme se fait par ionisation de ce gaz d'huile.
3. Tête d'un brûleur à fuel, nécessaire à la réalisation du procédé selon la revendication 1, comportant un tube enveloppe (4), servant à abriter dans le sens de l'axe un porte-buse (1 ), une buse (2) à brûleur à fuel donnant naissance à un cône de pulvérisation de fuel, une coupelle à flamme (9) disposée coaxialement par rapport au tube enveloppe (4) et déplaçable axialement par rapport à celui-ci, dans le fond (11) de laquelle se trouvent des ouvertures (14) situées sur des rayons, prévues pour le courant d'air primaire et présentant du moins par tronçons un parcours en spirale afin d'engendrer un mouvement en spirale, comportant par ailleurs un canal annulaire (17) entre le tube enveloppe (4) et la coupelle à flamme (9) ainsi qu'un passage d'écoulement (24) radial ménagé entre le canal annulaire (17) et l'intérieur de la coupelle pour le courant d'air secondaire amené à la flamme, passage qui possède des conduits (24) en forme de fentes dans la paroi cylindrique (10) de la coupelle (9), présentant un tracé oblique par rapport à la tangente de la coupelle et s'étendant dans le sens axial, à travers lesquels le courant d'air secondaire prend la forme d'un cylindre (circulaire) sous l'effet du mouvement rotatoire, caractérisée par le fait qu'il se trouve en aval de la coupelle à flamme (9) un orifice annulaire (18) à travers lequel est dirigé vers la flamme le courant d'air tertiaire sortant du canal annulaire (17) avec une composante radiale orientée vers l'intérieur, et encore par le fait qu'il existe dans ce canal annulaire (17), un dispositif (21 ) permettant de produire un mouvement en spirale de l'autre courant d'air par le biais d'autres conduits (22), voire de fentes, dispositif qui est disposé en amont du passage d'écoulement situé entre le canal annulaire et l'intérieur de la coupelle.
4. Tête du brûleur selon la revendication 3, caractérisée par le fait que la buse (2) du brûleur à fuel est placée légèrement en recul, par rapport au fond (11 ) de la coupelle (9).
5. Tête du brûleur selon la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisée par le fait que les ouvertures, voire les conduits en spirale (13) réservés au courant d'air primaire sont disposés dans une bague rapportée (12). Cette bague est échangeable et, étanchéi- fiant de préférence en direction de la buse (2) du brûleur, peut être serrée sur le fond (11) de la coupelle grâce à la buse.
6. Tête du brûleur selon l'une des revendications 3 à 5, caractérisée par le fait que le tube enveloppe (4) sur la face (7) orientée vers la chambre de combustion est incurvé pour l'obtention des composantes radiales orientées vers l'intérieur du courant d'air tertiaire, et par le fait que la section transversale effilée (8) de la sortie ainsi constituée forme avec l'extrémité (19) en aval du tronçon cylindrique (10) de la coupelle (9), l'orifice annulaire (18) (étranglement) réservé au courant d'air tertiaire.
7. Tête du brûleur selon la revendication 6, caractérisée par le fait que la coupelle à flamme (9) est reliée à un porte-buse (1 ) qui porte la buse (2) du brûleur, comme son nom l'indique, et par le fait que, lors du déplacement de la coupelle (9) pour le réglage du débit de l'air, la buse (2) comportant un cône de pulvérisation de fuel se déplace en même temps.
8. Tête du brûleur selon l'une des revendications 3 à 7, caractérisée par le fait que le transmetteur (15) du contrôle de la flamme ainsi que les électrodes d'amorçage (16) sont disposés à l'intérieur de la coupelle à flamme (9).
9. Tête du brûleur selon l'une des revendications 3 à 8, caractérisée par le fait que le fond (111) de la coupelle (109) a une configuration bombée ou en gradins, comportant un tronçon circulaire extérieur (30) décalé en arrière selon le sens de l'écoulement, abritant les transmetteurs (15,16), et un tronçon circulaire intérieur (31 ) en saillie abritant le guidage (bague rapportée (12) ) du courant d'air primaire.
10. Tête du brûleur selon la revendication 9, caractérisée par le fait que l'intérieur de la coupelle à flamme (109), le tronçon annulaire intérieur (31 ) notamment, est doté par tronçon du moins d'une couche isolante (33) de préférence en céramique ou en céramique d'oxyde.
EP85901985A 1984-05-05 1985-05-02 Procede de combustion avec controle de ionisation Expired EP0180607B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85901985T ATE45622T1 (de) 1984-05-05 1985-05-02 Verbrennungsverfahren mit ionisationsueberwachung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3416711 1984-05-05
DE19843416711 DE3416711A1 (de) 1984-05-05 1984-05-05 Verbrennungsverfahren mit ionisationsueberwachung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0180607A1 EP0180607A1 (fr) 1986-05-14
EP0180607B1 true EP0180607B1 (fr) 1989-08-16

Family

ID=6235069

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85901985A Expired EP0180607B1 (fr) 1984-05-05 1985-05-02 Procede de combustion avec controle de ionisation

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4695245A (fr)
EP (1) EP0180607B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS61502142A (fr)
CA (1) CA1258617A (fr)
DE (2) DE3416711A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1985005168A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4943230A (en) * 1988-10-11 1990-07-24 Sundstrand Corporation Fuel injector for achieving smokeless combustion reactions at high pressure ratios
US6598801B1 (en) * 2000-11-17 2003-07-29 General Electric Company Methods and apparatus for injecting water into gas turbine engines
CN104033898B (zh) * 2014-06-13 2016-10-12 厦门鑫烨盛能源科技有限公司 环流火焰式生物质油燃烧器
CN210979941U (zh) * 2019-09-24 2020-07-10 博西华电器（江苏）有限公司 燃气灶的点火装置及燃气灶

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3007515A (en) * 1955-11-14 1961-11-07 John M Furdock Oil burners
CH423064A (de) * 1961-07-08 1966-10-31 Optimal Oelfeuerungsmaschinenb Druckölzerstäubungsbrenner
IT969367B (it) * 1972-10-06 1974-03-30 Riello Bruciatori Sas Testa a ricircolazione esterna per bruciatori di combustibili liquidi
DE2751524C2 (de) * 1977-11-18 1986-08-21 Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstalt für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V., 5000 Köln Blaubrennender Ölbrenner
DE2809415C3 (de) * 1978-03-04 1993-09-30 Herrmann Gmbh & Co Stauvorrichtung für einen Druckzerstäuber-Ölbrenner
DE2812511C2 (de) * 1978-03-22 1984-05-10 Kaminag AG, Luzern Brenner für flüssige oder gasförmige Brennstoffe, insbesondere Heizöl

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1985005168A1 (fr) 1985-11-21
EP0180607A1 (fr) 1986-05-14
US4695245A (en) 1987-09-22
DE3416711A1 (de) 1985-11-07
CA1258617A (fr) 1989-08-22
DE3572391D1 (en) 1989-09-21
JPS61502142A (ja) 1986-09-25

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