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EP0180607B1 - Combustion process with ionization monitoring - Google Patents

Combustion process with ionization monitoring Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0180607B1
EP0180607B1 EP85901985A EP85901985A EP0180607B1 EP 0180607 B1 EP0180607 B1 EP 0180607B1 EP 85901985 A EP85901985 A EP 85901985A EP 85901985 A EP85901985 A EP 85901985A EP 0180607 B1 EP0180607 B1 EP 0180607B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flame
air flow
oil
cup
fact
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
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EP85901985A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0180607A1 (en
Inventor
Heinz Kotzmann
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT85901985T priority Critical patent/ATE45622T1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes; Burner heads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/001—Spraying nozzle combined with forced draft fan in one unit

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a method for generating a soot-free flame on an oil burner operating with an oil spray cone and a combustion air flow generated by a blower, or on a burner head of an oil burner according to the preamble of claim 3.
  • the flame cup is axially displaceable on the nozzle block to change the flame geometry, the position of the oil spray cone changing relative to that of the flame cup base.
  • This change not only results in a change in the position of the primary and secondary air flow to the oil spray cone, but also in an undesired change in the amount of leakage air flowing between the oil burner nozzle and the central cup bottom opening. In the combustion process taking place, this amount of leakage air flows in the axial direction and without swirling onto the oil spray cone, which extends the flame.
  • the geometry of the helical swirl of the primary air flow is adversely changed in this method by the leakage air component and the desired homogenization of the air / oil mixture is hindered.
  • the invention is based on the object of developing a method or a burner head of an oil burner of the type mentioned at the outset, in which the geometry of the flame can be adapted to the combustion chamber to improve the efficiency without coking occurring in the nozzle area.
  • This object is achieved by the method according to the invention or by the characterizing features of claim 3.
  • This inventive solution has the advantage that the tertiary air flows in a belt-like manner into the flame that has already been lit and shortens it, without this resulting in a build-up of heat in the area of the oil burner nozzle with the result of coking.
  • the fact that no leakage air gets under the oil spray cone means that the primary and secondary air components actually combusted are always twisted and thus their air flow is controlled.
  • the primary air screws onto the oil spray cone from below and forms a primary gas mixture, which is made possible by the swirl effect and which can be ionized, so that the blue flame obtained here can be monitored according to the ionization principle. It also advantageously significantly reduces the proportion of nitrogen oxides.
  • the secondary air component preventing overheating of the cylindrical part of the flame cup due to its circular swirl.
  • the tertiary air flow also prevents the flame from breaking off. Due to the targeted air flow, additional heat accumulation or heat protection agents are not necessary.
  • the ignition electrodes which are arranged outside of the flame cup in the known oil burners, can be arranged here in the flame cup, whereby a compact and therefore more economical and trouble-free burner head is obtained. Last but not least, a burner head operating according to the method according to the invention does not tend to resonate, so that it operates with little noise.
  • the flame can advantageously be monitored according to the ionization principle.
  • the characterizing features of claim 3 advantageously achieve that when the flame cup is moved, the cross section of the annular channel and thus the amount of air in the tertiary air stream is changed without the primary air stream changing or without uncontrollable amounts of leakage air occurring. Since the passage cross-sections for the primary and the secondary air flow are fixed, an axial displacement of the flame head with the change in the throttling effect for the tertiary air flow gives a corresponding change in the air quantities of the primary and secondary air flow. A further correction can also be made by changing the total amount of combustion air.
  • the primary partial air flow entering the flame cup arrives directly under the oil spray cone and thereby forms a type of heat shield towards the nozzle opening.
  • the embodiment according to claim 5 has the advantage that, on the one hand, the emerging primary air flow, as a screwed swirl, already detects the beginning of the oil spray cone in order to enable flame formation very early on, and on the other hand, by exchanging this insert ring, the passage cross section for the primary air flow and thus the corresponding one Air volume is changeable.
  • the helical channels can be laterally open in sections to allow an additional inflow or outflow cross section.
  • the tertiary air flow is deflected from the axial, screwed direction with a radial component into the flame, a streamlined transition between the ring channel and ring opening being present.
  • the features of claim 10 have the advantage that no damage to the flame cup can occur at extremely high heat loads.
  • a nozzle assembly 1 with an oil burner nozzle 2 is clamped axially in a burner head insert 3, which is fastened coaxially in a casing tube 4 of the burner head.
  • the casing tube 4 is inserted on the side 5 into the housing of a blower oil burner, so that air can be supplied in the direction of the arrow 1 under a certain pressure (blower pressure).
  • An oil line 6 leads to the nozzle assembly 1, through which heating oil is supplied to the oil burner nozzle 2.
  • the flame tube 4 is drawn inwards on the side facing away from the input side 5 by a conical section 7, so that a final outlet air cross section 8 is created.
  • the burner head insert 3 shown partly in section, has a flame cup 9 with a cylindrical section 10 and a flame cup base 11.
  • the wall of the flame cup base 11 is perforated in the area of the oil burner nozzle 2, a swirl insert ring 12 being supported on the wall next to the opening, which is supported by the oil burner nozzle 2 is pressed from below onto the cup base 11.
  • This ring 12 is interchangeable and has screw-shaped, slot-like channels 13 which have radial inlet or outlet openings in sections. This makes it possible, by changing this ring 12, to predetermine a primary air flow entering the flame cup via the channels 13, firstly with regard to its direction and secondly with regard to its quantity.
  • the outlet slots 14 of these channels run, as is not shown in more detail, in a more radial direction.
  • the flame cup base 11 is also still perforated for receiving the ionization probe 15 on the one hand and the ignition electrodes 16 on the other hand, only one of which is shown.
  • annular channel 17 for guiding a further air flow, which is divided into a secondary and a tertiary air flow.
  • This ring channel tapers at 18 between section 7 of the casing tube 4 and the upper edge 19 of the cylindrical section 10.
  • a swirl device 20 is provided for the further air flow.
  • This is a ring 21 in which inclined channels 22 are provided.
  • a swirl-producing slot-like channels 24 are provided, through which secondary air reaches the flame cup 9 from the annular space 17.
  • the free passage 18 can be changed so that a more or less large throttle is created for the tertiary air.
  • the geometry of the flame changes.
  • the flame can be adapted to the respective combustion chamber in a very simple manner. Due to the partially radially inward exit of the primary air from the channels 13, coking in the area of the nozzle outlet is also avoided. Due to the favorable air routing of the swirl and the coordination of the same, sufficient conductivity for ionization flame monitoring and thus a very compact design is already created in the flame cup 9.
  • the bottom 111 of the flame cup 109 is designed in a stepped manner, with an outer ring surface 30 and an inner ring surface 31.
  • the outer ring surface 30 is set back in the flow direction and receives the ionization probe 15 and the ignition electrodes 16.
  • the slot-like channels 24 open into the flame cup just above the outer ring surface 30, so that this first section of the openings is opposite the cylinder wall 34 formed by the step.
  • the inner ring 31 is provided with a ceramic layer 33 in order to prevent the soot layers from adhering to the area to be kept cool by the nozzle.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
  • Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

Process and burner head for an oil burner, especially for application of this process for the production of a soot-free flame in oil burners which vaporize the oil under pressure by means of a cone, in which the longitudinal and transverse geometry of the flame is determined by the application of two channels (13, 24) which feed combustion air into a flame region, and in which, in order to confer a differential spiral action to the combustion air, the quantity of air fed into each of the channels (13, 24) can be varied individually.

Description

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer russfreien Flamme an einem mit einem Ölsprühkegel und einem durch ein Gebläse erzeugten Verbrennungsluftstrom arbeitenden Olbrenner bzw. von einem Brennerkopf eines Ölbrenners nach der Gattung des Anspruchs 3.The invention is based on a method for generating a soot-free flame on an oil burner operating with an oil spray cone and a combustion air flow generated by a blower, or on a burner head of an oil burner according to the preamble of claim 3.

Bei einer bekannten Vorrichtung dieser Art (DE-OS 28 09 415) ist der Flammbecher zur Veränderung der Flammgeometrie auf dem Düsenstock axial verschiebbar, wobei sich die Lage des Ölsprühkegels zu der des Flammbecherbodens ändert. Diese Änderung hat nicht nur eine Änderung der Lage des primären und sekundären Luftstroms zum Ölsprühkegel zur Folge, sondern auch eine an sich ungewünschte Änderung der zwischen Ölbrennerdüse und zentraler Becherbodenöffnung durchströmenden Leckluftmenge. Bei dem dabei stattfindenden Verbrennungsverfahren strömt diese Leckluftmenge in Axialrichtung und ungedrallt auf den Ölsprühkegel, wodurch die Flamme verlängert wird. Ausserdem wird bei diesem Verfahren der schraubenförmige Drall des primären Luftstroms durch den Leckluftanteil in seiner Geometrie nachteilig verändert und die gewünschte Homogenisierung des Luft- ölgemisches behindert.In a known device of this type (DE-OS 28 09 415), the flame cup is axially displaceable on the nozzle block to change the flame geometry, the position of the oil spray cone changing relative to that of the flame cup base. This change not only results in a change in the position of the primary and secondary air flow to the oil spray cone, but also in an undesired change in the amount of leakage air flowing between the oil burner nozzle and the central cup bottom opening. In the combustion process taking place, this amount of leakage air flows in the axial direction and without swirling onto the oil spray cone, which extends the flame. In addition, the geometry of the helical swirl of the primary air flow is adversely changed in this method by the leakage air component and the desired homogenization of the air / oil mixture is hindered.

Der Erfindung liegt demgegenüber die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren bzw. einen Brennerkopf eines Ölbrenners der eingangs genannten Art zu entwickeln, bei dem die Geometrie der Flamme dem Feuerraum zur Verbesserung des Wirkungsgrades anpassbar ist, ohne dass Verkokungen im Düsenbereich auftreten.In contrast, the invention is based on the object of developing a method or a burner head of an oil burner of the type mentioned at the outset, in which the geometry of the flame can be adapted to the combustion chamber to improve the efficiency without coking occurring in the nozzle area.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren oder durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 3 gelöst. Diese erfinderische Lösung hat den Vorteil, dass die Tertiärluft gürtelartig in die bereits entzündete Flamme strömt und diese kürzt, ohne dass dadurch im Bereich der Ölbrennerdüse ein Hitzestau mit der Folge von Verkokungen eintritt. Dadurch, dass keine Leckluft unter den Ölsprühkegel gelangt, sind die tatsächlich zur Verbrennung gelangenden Primär- und Sekundärluftanteile stets gedrallt und damit in ihrer Luftströmung kontrolliert. Die Primärluft schraubt sich von unten an den Ölsprühkegel heran und bildet ein primäres, durch den Dralleffekt ermöglichtes Gasgemisch, das ionisierbar ist, so dass die hier erzielte Blauflamme nach dem lonisationsprizip überwachbar ist. Zudem wird dadurch vorteilhafterweise der Anteil an Stickoxiden wesentlich vermindert. Je nach Mengenaufteilung der drei Luftströme ergibt sich ohne Nachteil für die Verbrennungsqualität eine andere Flammenform, wobei der Sekundärluftanteil aufgrund seines zirkulären Dralls eine Überhitzung des zylindrischen Teils des Flammbechers unterbindet. Der Tertiärluftstrom verhindert ausserdem, dass die Flamme abreisst. Aufgrund der gezielten Luftführung erübrigen sich zusätzliche Hitzestaumittel oder Hitzeschutzmittel. Ein weiterer wesentlicher Vorteil besteht darin, dass die Zündelektroden, die bei den bekannten Ölbrennern ausserhalb des Flammbechers angeordnet sind, hier im Flammbecher angeordnet sein können, wodurch ein kompakter und dadurch fertigungsgünstiger sowie störungsfrei arbeitender Brennerkopf gewonnen wird. Nicht zuletzt neigt ein, nach dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren arbeitender Brennerkopf nicht zu Resonanzerscheinungen, so dass er geräuscharm arbeitet.This object is achieved by the method according to the invention or by the characterizing features of claim 3. This inventive solution has the advantage that the tertiary air flows in a belt-like manner into the flame that has already been lit and shortens it, without this resulting in a build-up of heat in the area of the oil burner nozzle with the result of coking. The fact that no leakage air gets under the oil spray cone means that the primary and secondary air components actually combusted are always twisted and thus their air flow is controlled. The primary air screws onto the oil spray cone from below and forms a primary gas mixture, which is made possible by the swirl effect and which can be ionized, so that the blue flame obtained here can be monitored according to the ionization principle. It also advantageously significantly reduces the proportion of nitrogen oxides. Depending on the quantity distribution of the three air streams, there is another flame shape without a disadvantage for the combustion quality, the secondary air component preventing overheating of the cylindrical part of the flame cup due to its circular swirl. The tertiary air flow also prevents the flame from breaking off. Due to the targeted air flow, additional heat accumulation or heat protection agents are not necessary. Another significant advantage is that the ignition electrodes, which are arranged outside of the flame cup in the known oil burners, can be arranged here in the flame cup, whereby a compact and therefore more economical and trouble-free burner head is obtained. Last but not least, a burner head operating according to the method according to the invention does not tend to resonate, so that it operates with little noise.

Durch den Verfahrensschritt nach Anspruch 2 kann vorteilhafterweise die Flamme nach dem lonisationsprinzip überwacht werden.By means of the method step according to claim 2, the flame can advantageously be monitored according to the ionization principle.

Durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 3 wird vorteilhafterweise erreicht, dass bei Verschieben des Flammbechers der Querschnitt des Ringkanals und damit die Luftmenge des tertiären Luftstroms geändert wird, ohne dass sich der primäre Luftstrom verändert oder dass unkontrollierbare Leckluftmengen entstehen. Da die Durchgangsquerschnitte für den primären und den sekundären Luftstrom fest liegen, bewirkt eine axiale Verschiebung des Flammkopfes mit der damit gegebenen Änderung der Drosselwirkung für den tertiären Luftstrom eine entsprechende Änderung der Luftmengen des primären und sekundären Luftstroms. Eine weitere Korrektur kann auch durch Änderung der Gesamtverbrennungsluftmenge vorgenommen werden.The characterizing features of claim 3 advantageously achieve that when the flame cup is moved, the cross section of the annular channel and thus the amount of air in the tertiary air stream is changed without the primary air stream changing or without uncontrollable amounts of leakage air occurring. Since the passage cross-sections for the primary and the secondary air flow are fixed, an axial displacement of the flame head with the change in the throttling effect for the tertiary air flow gives a corresponding change in the air quantities of the primary and secondary air flow. A further correction can also be made by changing the total amount of combustion air.

Durch das Merkmal des Anspruchs 4 wird vorteilhafterweise erreicht, dass der in den Flammbecher eintretende primäre Teilluftstrom unmittelbar unter den Ölsprühkegel gelangt und dadurch eine Art Hitzeschild zur Düsenöffnung hin bildet.It is advantageously achieved by the feature of claim 4 that the primary partial air flow entering the flame cup arrives directly under the oil spray cone and thereby forms a type of heat shield towards the nozzle opening.

Die Ausbildung nach Anspruch 5 hat den Vorteil, dass einerseits der austretende primäre Luftstrom als geschraubter Drall bereits den Anfang des Ölsprühkegels erfasst, um sehr früh eine Flammbildung zu ermöglichen und dass andererseits durch Austauschen dieses Einsatzrings auch der Durchgangsquerschnitt für den primären Luftstrom und damit die entsprechende Luftmenge änderbar ist. Die schraubenförmigen Kanäle können dabei abschnittsweise seitlich offen sein, um so einen zusätzlichen An- oder Ausströmquerschnitt zu ermöglichen.The embodiment according to claim 5 has the advantage that, on the one hand, the emerging primary air flow, as a screwed swirl, already detects the beginning of the oil spray cone in order to enable flame formation very early on, and on the other hand, by exchanging this insert ring, the passage cross section for the primary air flow and thus the corresponding one Air volume is changeable. The helical channels can be laterally open in sections to allow an additional inflow or outflow cross section.

Durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 6 wird vorteilhafterweise erreicht, dass der tertiäre Luftstrom aus der axialen, geschraubten Richtung mit einer radialen Komponente in die Flamme umgelenkt wird, wobei ein strömungsgünstiger Übergang zwischen Ringkanal und Ringöffnung vorhanden ist.It is advantageously achieved by the features of claim 6 that the tertiary air flow is deflected from the axial, screwed direction with a radial component into the flame, a streamlined transition between the ring channel and ring opening being present.

Durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 9 wird vorteilhafterweise erreicht, dass sich an dem durch die Luftströmung gekühlten Boden kein durch die Luftströmung gekühlten Boden kein Russ niederschlägt, was zu Störungen der Flammüberwachung oder der Luftströmung führen könnte.It is advantageously achieved by the features of claim 9 that no soot is deposited on the floor cooled by the air flow, and no soot is deposited, which could lead to malfunctions in the flame monitoring or the air flow.

Die Merkmale des Anspruchs 10 haben den Vorteil, dass bei extrem hoher Hitzebelastung kein Schaden am Flammbecher entstehen kann.The features of claim 10 have the advantage that no damage to the flame cup can occur at extremely high heat loads.

Zusätzliche Vorteile und vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind der nachfolgenden Beschreibung, der Zeichnung und den Ansprüchen entnehmbar.Additional advantages and advantageous embodiments of the invention can be found in the following description, the drawing and the claims.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel des Gegenstandes der Erfindung ist in zwei Varianten in der Zeichnung dargestellt und im folgenden näher beschrieben. Es zeigen

  • Fig. 1 einen Längsschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemässen Brennerkopf,
  • Fig. 2 einen Schnitt gemäss der Linie II--II in Fig. 1 und
  • Fig. 3 die zweite Variante im Teilschnitt entsprechend Fig. 1.
An embodiment of the object of the invention is shown in two variants in the drawing and described in more detail below. Show it
  • 1 shows a longitudinal section through a burner head according to the invention,
  • Fig. 2 shows a section along the line II - II in Fig. 1 and
  • 3 shows the second variant in partial section corresponding to FIG. 1.

Bei der in Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellten ersten Variante ist ein Düsenstock 1 mit einer Ölbrennerdüse 2 in einem Brennerkopfeinsatz 3 achsgleich eingespannt, der koaxial in einem Mantelrohr 4 des Brennerkopfs befestigt ist.In the first variant shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a nozzle assembly 1 with an oil burner nozzle 2 is clamped axially in a burner head insert 3, which is fastened coaxially in a casing tube 4 of the burner head.

Das Mantelrohr 4 wird auf der Seite 5 in das Gehäuse eines Gebläseölbrenners eingesetzt, so dass in Richtung des Pfeiles 1 Luft unter gewisser Pressung (Gebläsepressung) zuführbar ist. Zum Düsenstock 1 führt eine Ölleitung 6, durch die Heizöl der Ölbrennerdüse 2 zugeführt wird. Das Flammrohr 4 ist auf der der Eingangsseite 5 abgewandten Seite durch einen konischen Abschnitt 7 nach innen gezogen, so dass ein endgültiger Ausgangsluftquerschnitt 8 entsteht.The casing tube 4 is inserted on the side 5 into the housing of a blower oil burner, so that air can be supplied in the direction of the arrow 1 under a certain pressure (blower pressure). An oil line 6 leads to the nozzle assembly 1, through which heating oil is supplied to the oil burner nozzle 2. The flame tube 4 is drawn inwards on the side facing away from the input side 5 by a conical section 7, so that a final outlet air cross section 8 is created.

Der teilweise im Schnitt dargestellte Brennerkopfeinsatz 3 weist einen Flammbecher 9 auf mit einem zylindrischen Abschnitt 10 und einem Flammbecherboden 11. Die Wand des Flammbecherbodens 11 ist im Bereich der Ölbrennerdüse 2 durchbrochen, wobei sich an der Wand neben der Durchbrechung ein Dralleinsatzring 12 abstützt, der durch die Ölbrennerdüse 2 von unten an den Becherboden 11 gepresst wird. Dieser Ring 12 ist auswechselbar und weist schraubenförmige, schlitzartige Kanäle 13 auf, die abschnittsweise radiale Eintritts- bzw. Austrittsöffnungen aufweisen. Hierdurch ist es möglich, durch Auswechseln dieses Ringes 12 einen über die Kanäle 13 in den Flammbecher eintretenden primären Luftstrom einmal bezüglich seiner Richtung und zum anderen bezüglich seiner Menge vorzubestimmen. Die Austrittsschlitze 14 dieser Kanäle verlaufen, wie nicht näher ersichtlich, in radialere Richtung.The burner head insert 3, shown partly in section, has a flame cup 9 with a cylindrical section 10 and a flame cup base 11. The wall of the flame cup base 11 is perforated in the area of the oil burner nozzle 2, a swirl insert ring 12 being supported on the wall next to the opening, which is supported by the oil burner nozzle 2 is pressed from below onto the cup base 11. This ring 12 is interchangeable and has screw-shaped, slot-like channels 13 which have radial inlet or outlet openings in sections. This makes it possible, by changing this ring 12, to predetermine a primary air flow entering the flame cup via the channels 13, firstly with regard to its direction and secondly with regard to its quantity. The outlet slots 14 of these channels run, as is not shown in more detail, in a more radial direction.

Der Flammbecherboden 11 ist ausserdem noch durchbrochen zur Aufnahme einerseits der lonisationssonde 15 und andererseits der Zündelektroden 16, von denen nur eine dargestellt ist.The flame cup base 11 is also still perforated for receiving the ionization probe 15 on the one hand and the ignition electrodes 16 on the other hand, only one of which is shown.

Zwischen dem zylindrischen Abschnitt 10 des Flammbechers und dem Mantelrohr 4 besteht ein Ringkanal 17 zur Leitung eines weiteren Luftstroms, der in einen sekundären und in einen tertiären Luftstrom aufgeteilt wird. Dieser Ringkanal verjüngt sich bei 18 zwischen dem Abschnitt 7 des Mantelrohres 4 und der oberen Kante 19 des zylindrischen Abschnitts 10. Stromauf des Ringkanals 17 ist eine Drallvorrichtung 20 für den weiteren Luftstrom vorgesehen. Hierbei handelt es sich um einen Ring 21, in dem schrägverlaufende Kanäle 22 vorgesehen sind.Between the cylindrical section 10 of the flame cup and the casing tube 4 there is an annular channel 17 for guiding a further air flow, which is divided into a secondary and a tertiary air flow. This ring channel tapers at 18 between section 7 of the casing tube 4 and the upper edge 19 of the cylindrical section 10. Upstream of the ring channel 17, a swirl device 20 is provided for the further air flow. This is a ring 21 in which inclined channels 22 are provided.

Im zylindrischen Abschnitt 10 sind einen Drall erzeugende schlitzartige Kanäle 24 vorgesehen, durch die Sekundärluft aus dem Ringraum 17 in den Flammbecher 9 gelangt. Je nach axialer Lage des Brennerkopfeinsatzes 3 zum Mantelrohr 4 kann der freie Durchgang 18 geändert werden, so dass für die Tertiärluft eine mehr oder weniger grosse Drossel entsteht. Je grösser die Drossel bei 18 ist, desto grösser ist die Menge an Sekundärluft, die über die Kanäle 24 in den Flammbecher einströmt. Auf diese Weise ist eine einfache Aufteilung der Luftmenge möglich in den durch die Kanäle 24 des Flammbechers strömenden Sekundäranteil und den durch die Drossel 18 strömenden Tertiäranteil.In the cylindrical section 10, a swirl-producing slot-like channels 24 are provided, through which secondary air reaches the flame cup 9 from the annular space 17. Depending on the axial position of the burner head insert 3 relative to the casing tube 4, the free passage 18 can be changed so that a more or less large throttle is created for the tertiary air. The larger the throttle at 18, the greater the amount of secondary air that flows into the flame cup via the channels 24. In this way, a simple division of the air quantity into the secondary portion flowing through the channels 24 of the flame cup and the tertiary portion flowing through the throttle 18 is possible.

Je nach Luftmenge, die durch die Kanäle 13 bzw. 24 in den Flammkopf 9 strömt, ändert sich die Geometrie der Flamme. Hierdurch kann auf sehr einfache Weise die Flamme dem jeweiligen Brennraum angepasst werden. Aufgrund des teilweise radial nach innen gerichteten Austritts der Primärluft aus den Kanälen 13 wird ausserdem ein Verkoken im Bereich des Düsenaustritts vermieden. Aufgrund der günstigen Luftführungen des Dralls und der Abstimmung derselben entsteht bereits im Flammbecher 9 eine ausreichende Leitfähigkeit für eine lonisationsflammenüberwachung und damit eine sehr kompakte Bauweise.Depending on the amount of air flowing through the channels 13 and 24 into the flame head 9, the geometry of the flame changes. As a result, the flame can be adapted to the respective combustion chamber in a very simple manner. Due to the partially radially inward exit of the primary air from the channels 13, coking in the area of the nozzle outlet is also avoided. Due to the favorable air routing of the swirl and the coordination of the same, sufficient conductivity for ionization flame monitoring and thus a very compact design is already created in the flame cup 9.

Bei der in Fig. 3 dargestellten Variante ist der Boden 111 des Flammbechers 109 gestuft ausgeführt, mit einer äusseren Ringfläche 30 und einer inneren Ringfläche 31. Die äussere Ringfläche 30 ist in Strömungsrichtung zurückgesetzt und nimmt die lonisationssonde 15 und die Zündelektroden 16 auf. Die schlitzartigen Kanäle 24 münden kurz oberhalb der äusseren Ringfläche 30 in den Flammbecher, so dass dieser erste Abschnitt der Mündungen der durch die Stufe gebildeten Zylinderwand 34 gegenüberliegt.In the variant shown in FIG. 3, the bottom 111 of the flame cup 109 is designed in a stepped manner, with an outer ring surface 30 and an inner ring surface 31. The outer ring surface 30 is set back in the flow direction and receives the ionization probe 15 and the ignition electrodes 16. The slot-like channels 24 open into the flame cup just above the outer ring surface 30, so that this first section of the openings is opposite the cylinder wall 34 formed by the step.

Der innere Ring 31 ist mit einer Keramikschicht 33 versehen, um ein Anhaften von Russschichten an dieser der Düse wegen kühl zu haltenden Stelle zu unterbinden.The inner ring 31 is provided with a ceramic layer 33 in order to prevent the soot layers from adhering to the area to be kept cool by the nozzle.

Claims (10)

1. Process for the production of a sootless flame on an oil burner operating with an oil atomizing cone and a combustion-air flow generated by a blower, where a helically swirled primary air flow is passed onto the lateral surface of the oil atomizing cone in the axial direction of the oil atomizing cone, a further helically swirled air flow is divided into a secondary and tertiary air flow, the secondary air flow being further swirled and then fed to the flame downstream of the primary air flow and the tertiary air flow being passed into the flame with an inwardly-directed radial component without further swirling downstream of the secondary air flow.
2. Process as per Claim 1, characterized by the fact that an ionizable oil gas is formed by the partial flows in conjunction with the heat of combustion and that flame monitoring is accomplished by ionization of this oil gas.
3. Burner head of an oil burner for implementing the process as per Claim 1 with a tubular shell (4) for coaxial mounting of a nozzle pipe (1), with an oil burner nozzle (2) producing an oil atomizing cone, with a flame cup (9), positioned co-axially to the tubular shell (4) and axially displaceable in relation to it, in the bottom of which (11) there are mouths (14) for the primary air flow located on radii, these having at least a partially helical profile in order to generate a helical swirl, with an annular channel (17) between the tubular shell (4) and the flame cup (9) and with a radial flow connection (24) between the annular channel (17) and the inside of the flame cup for the secondary air flow fed to the flame, this connection having axially expanding, slit-like channels (24) which run at an angle to the flame cup tangent in the cylindrical wall (10) of the flame cup (9) and give the secondary air flow its cylindrical (circular) swirl, characterized by the fact that there is an annular opening (18) downstream of the flame cup (9), through which the tertiary air flow from the annular channel (17) is directed into the flame with an inwardly-directed radial component, and that the annular channel (17) contains a device (21 ) for generation of a helical swirl of the further air flow with corresponding channels (22) or slits, this being located upstream of the flow connection between the annular channel and the inside of the flame cup.
4. Burner head as per Claim 3, characterized by the fact that the oil burner nozzle (2) is slightly recessed in relation to the bottom (11) of the flame cup (9).
5. Burner head as per Claim 3 or 4, characterized by the fact that the mouths and/or the helical channels (13) for the primary air flow are arranged in a ring insert (12), which can be exchanged and, preferably forming a seal against the oil burner nozzle (2), can be clamped firmly in place by the latter on the bottom (11) of the flame cup.
6. Burner head as per one of the Claims 3 to 5, characterized by the fact that the tubular shell (4) tapers inwards on the side (7) facing the combustion chamber in order to achieve the inwardly-directed radial component of the tertiary air flow, and that the tapered outlet cross-section (8) formed in this way, together with the end (19) of the cylindrical section (10) of the flame cup (9) facing away from the flow, forms the annular opening (18) (flow restrictor) for the tertiary air flow.
7. Burner head as per Claim 6, characterized by the fact that the flame cup (9) is connected to a nozzle pipe (1) bearing the oil burner nozzle (2), and that when the flame cup (9) is shifted to adjust the air volume, the oil burner nozzle (2) with oil atomizing cone is also displaced.
8. Burner head as per one of the Claims 3 to 7, characterized by the fact that the flame monitor transmitter (15) and the initiating electrodes (16) are located inside the flame cup (9).
9. Burner head as per one of the Claims 3 to 8, characterized by the fact that the bottom (111) of the flame cup (109) is of stepped or crowned design, with an outer annular segment (30), recessed in the flow direction, to accommodate the transmitters (15, 16) and a projecting inner annular segment (31 ) to accommodate the guide (insert ring (12) ) of the primary air flow.
10. Burner head as per Claim 9, characterized by the fact that the inside of the flame cup (109), particularly the inner annular segment (31), is at least partially provided with an insulating layer (33), preferably made of ceramic or oxide-ceramic material.
EP85901985A 1984-05-05 1985-05-02 Combustion process with ionization monitoring Expired EP0180607B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85901985T ATE45622T1 (en) 1984-05-05 1985-05-02 COMBUSTION PROCESSES WITH IONIZATION MONITORING.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19843416711 DE3416711A1 (en) 1984-05-05 1984-05-05 COMBUSTION PROCESS WITH IONIZATION MONITORING
DE3416711 1984-05-05

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0180607A1 EP0180607A1 (en) 1986-05-14
EP0180607B1 true EP0180607B1 (en) 1989-08-16

Family

ID=6235069

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85901985A Expired EP0180607B1 (en) 1984-05-05 1985-05-02 Combustion process with ionization monitoring

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4695245A (en)
EP (1) EP0180607B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS61502142A (en)
CA (1) CA1258617A (en)
DE (2) DE3416711A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1985005168A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4943230A (en) * 1988-10-11 1990-07-24 Sundstrand Corporation Fuel injector for achieving smokeless combustion reactions at high pressure ratios
US6598801B1 (en) * 2000-11-17 2003-07-29 General Electric Company Methods and apparatus for injecting water into gas turbine engines
CN104033898B (en) * 2014-06-13 2016-10-12 厦门鑫烨盛能源科技有限公司 Circulation flame-type bio-oil burner
CN210979941U (en) * 2019-09-24 2020-07-10 博西华电器（江苏）有限公司 Ignition device of gas stove and gas stove

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3007515A (en) * 1955-11-14 1961-11-07 John M Furdock Oil burners
CH423064A (en) * 1961-07-08 1966-10-31 Optimal Oelfeuerungsmaschinenb Pressurized oil atomization burners
IT969367B (en) * 1972-10-06 1974-03-30 Riello Bruciatori Sas EXTERNAL RECIRCULATION HEAD FOR LIQUID FUEL BURNERS
DE2751524C2 (en) * 1977-11-18 1986-08-21 Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstalt für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V., 5000 Köln Blue-burning oil burner
DE2809415C3 (en) * 1978-03-04 1993-09-30 Herrmann Gmbh & Co Storage device for a pressure atomizer oil burner
DE2812511C2 (en) * 1978-03-22 1984-05-10 Kaminag AG, Luzern Burners for liquid or gaseous fuels, in particular heating oil

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1258617A (en) 1989-08-22
WO1985005168A1 (en) 1985-11-21
US4695245A (en) 1987-09-22
DE3416711A1 (en) 1985-11-07
DE3572391D1 (en) 1989-09-21
JPS61502142A (en) 1986-09-25
EP0180607A1 (en) 1986-05-14

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