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EP0175207A2 - Procédé et appareil pour gazéifier des ordures - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil pour gazéifier des ordures Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0175207A2
EP0175207A2 EP85111104A EP85111104A EP0175207A2 EP 0175207 A2 EP0175207 A2 EP 0175207A2 EP 85111104 A EP85111104 A EP 85111104A EP 85111104 A EP85111104 A EP 85111104A EP 0175207 A2 EP0175207 A2 EP 0175207A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
waste
slag
liquid
openings
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP85111104A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0175207B1 (fr
EP0175207A3 (en
Inventor
Bernt Dr. Obkircher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Molten Metal Technology Inc
Original Assignee
Dornier System GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dornier System GmbH filed Critical Dornier System GmbH
Priority to AT85111104T priority Critical patent/ATE39709T1/de
Publication of EP0175207A2 publication Critical patent/EP0175207A2/fr
Publication of EP0175207A3 publication Critical patent/EP0175207A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0175207B1 publication Critical patent/EP0175207B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/57—Gasification using molten salts or metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093—Coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0983—Additives
    • C10J2300/0996—Calcium-containing inorganic materials, e.g. lime
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1807—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S588/00—Hazardous or toxic waste destruction or containment
    • Y10S588/90—Apparatus

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for the gasification of carbon-containing waste or organic special waste according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • PCB's polychlorinated biphenyls
  • HSH's hexachlorocyclohexanes
  • a process for the gasification of household waste (DE-OS 32 12 534) is known in which waste is introduced into a hot iron bath (approx. 1130 to 1600 ° C.) and an oxidizing agent is added.
  • the waste is first shredded to a particle size of at least 50 mm and added below the surface of the iron melt. Crushing is energy-intensive and - at least with toxic probe waste - dangerous.
  • the introduction of the waste under the molten iron is technically complex. In addition is not ensured that all waste particles really reach the temperature of the molten metal, which is necessary for the disposal of hazardous waste.
  • the object of the invention is to eliminate carbon-containing waste or organic hazardous waste economically and safely, the end products being intended to be harmless.
  • a device for carrying out the method is the subject of subclaims.
  • waste gasification with the addition of an oxidizing agent preferably air or oxygen
  • an oxidizing agent preferably air or oxygen
  • coal can also be added to the waste.
  • the gas formation lowers the level of the hot liquid in the first gas space and increases it in the second gas space. This continues until the gas reaches the upper edge of the openings or the upper, smaller openings in the partition between the two spaces of the reactor, flows through the openings, entrains slag or lets it flow through larger openings and the gas in the second reactor the liquid bubbles up and finally reaches the second gas space, where it is drawn off.
  • Iron is advantageously used as the liquid metal, then reactor temperatures of 1350 to 1400 ° C. are present in the iron bath.
  • oil poisons e.g. dioxins, PCB's, HCH's, warfare agents such as Tabun, Soman, Lost etc. even more safely
  • metals can be used which have even higher melting temperatures than iron, e.g. Chrome.
  • Metal alloys and melts of metal oxides can also be used to achieve the highest temperatures.
  • the incombustible slag-forming waste components float in liquid form on the liquid metal.
  • the reducing gases H 2 and CO possibly also H 2 0.
  • the sulfur, chlorine and fluorine impurities in the waste are initially in gaseous form as H 2 S, HC1, HF etc.
  • the slag is additionally supplied with lime from a corresponding container.
  • the gases mentioned are then unstable at the high temperatures and the presence of the basic slag, so that the impurities are present in the slag in the form of liquid CaS, CaCl 2 , CaF 2 etc.
  • the slag is constantly withdrawn from the reactor in liquid form, for example cooled by water.
  • the calcium compounds that leave the system through the slag discharge lock are completely water-insoluble and environmentally neutral and can be deposited as residue without any problems, while the product gas leaving the system only contains impurities in HC1, HF, H 2 S etc. in the ppm range.
  • the oxidizing agent can either be introduced directly into the hot liquid or blown into the first gas space above the liquid.
  • the method according to the invention can be operated batchwise or continuously.
  • a pressure lock in the first gas space is advantageous, as there is no pressure loss when the space is opened.
  • the opening can be so large that entire casks of poison can be introduced without prior crushing.
  • the process temperature can be increased by adding coal, preferably coal dust, or reduced by recycling process gas or by admixing water vapor or an inert gas. These gases can also be used to cool the oxidant injection nozzles.
  • the reactor is advantageously designed to be pressure-resistant, at least in the region of the first gas space, and has an upper region a pressure lock for the garbage and / or slag generator.
  • a pressure lock for the garbage and / or slag generator In the second gas space, one or more fume cupboards for gas and slag are provided. The height of the just opened fume cupboard in the second gas space depends on the liquid level.
  • the reactors used for the gasification are advantageously thermally insulated.
  • the waste or lime can be preheated with the heat of the product gases.
  • An electric heater can be provided for starting the process or as an additional heater.
  • the concentric arrangement of the two gas spaces in which e.g. the first gas space is encased by the second.
  • the first gas space then has practically no outer surface through which heat can escape.
  • the passage cross section of the openings in the partition between the two gas spaces should increase from top to bottom, so that the flow cross section that flows from one gas to the other has a disproportionately increasing flow cross section, the more the liquid level in the space from which the gas flows out decreases .
  • This can be done through larger or more openings in the lower part, also through openings whose cross-section is wider at the bottom than at the top, for example through triangular openings.
  • the increase in opening cross-section with increasing depth prevents vibrations of the two liquid columns.
  • the arrangement of the openings in the lower area automatically regulates the amount of gas that is transferred.
  • the size of the openings prevents unreacted waste components from passing through.
  • the height of the liquid column in the second room guarantees that the gases stay at the temperature of the hot liquid for longer.
  • Small openings on the lowered liquid level only allow small gas bubbles to pass through, which are then safely heated to the desired temperature in the liquid in the second gas space.
  • the smaller openings can be formed by porous ceramic stones or ceramic flow bodies with certain pore sizes, e.g. by 1 mm or less. Larger openings in the lower area of the lowered liquid allow easier passage of the liquid into the second gas space.
  • the invention is illustrated by a figure.
  • the figure shows schematically an apparatus for performing a method according to the invention.
  • a storage container 1 for waste is connected via a pressure lock 2 to a thermally insulated reactor 3, in which a liquid 4, here a liquid metal, is located.
  • An oxidizing agent 5 is blown into the liquid 4 via nozzles 6.
  • the reactor 3 contains two gas spaces 7 and 8, which are separated by a partition 9 with openings 9a in the lower region.
  • a reservoir 11 with lime is provided for converting the slag 10 floating on the metal.
  • a device known per se with slag cooling 12 slag discharge lock 13 and gas discharge 14 is provided for removing slag 10 and product gas a device known per se with slag cooling 12, slag discharge lock 13 and gas discharge 14 is provided.
  • the gas exhaust 14 is followed by a device 15 for heat recovery and dedusting.
  • the dust can be returned to the waste container 1 via a line 16.
  • Part of the product gas is fed through line 17 to a pump 18, which leads the gas to the nozzles 6 or to the pressure lock 2.
  • the other part of the product gas leaves the device
  • the pressure in the first gas space 7 rises and presses a part of the liquid 4 through the openings 9a into the second gas space 8. If the liquid level is pressed down to the uppermost opening 9a, slag 10 and product gas also reach the second gas space 8. It pearls Gas through the liquid 4 and takes on its temperature. The slag 10 and the product gas are drawn off at an opening at a suitable height in the second gas space.
  • the slag is preferably water-cooled and leaves the system through the slag discharge lock 13.
  • the product gas passes from the gas outlet 14 into a device 15 for heat recovery - gas cooling - and dedusting.
  • the resulting dust can be returned via line 16 to the waste storage container 1, while part of the gas via line 17 after corresponding compression with the pump 18 on the one hand for cooling the nozzles 6 for the oxidizing agent 5 and on the other hand for pressurizing the pressure lock 2 can be used at the entrance of the reactor 3.
  • the other part of the cleaned and cooled gas is discharged via line 19 for use, for example electricity and / or heat generation.
  • the heat generated in the waste heat device 15 can also be used to preheat the waste and lime feedstocks.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
EP85111104A 1984-09-15 1985-09-03 Procédé et appareil pour gazéifier des ordures Expired EP0175207B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85111104T ATE39709T1 (de) 1984-09-15 1985-09-03 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur muellvergasung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3434004A DE3434004C2 (de) 1984-09-15 1984-09-15 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Müllvergasung
DE3434004 1985-09-15

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0175207A2 true EP0175207A2 (fr) 1986-03-26
EP0175207A3 EP0175207A3 (en) 1986-12-30
EP0175207B1 EP0175207B1 (fr) 1989-01-04

Family

ID=6245542

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85111104A Expired EP0175207B1 (fr) 1984-09-15 1985-09-03 Procédé et appareil pour gazéifier des ordures

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4681599A (fr)
EP (1) EP0175207B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS61133187A (fr)
AT (1) ATE39709T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3434004C2 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0464802A1 (fr) * 1990-07-03 1992-01-08 Franz Puschauer Procédé pour la production d'un gaz d'énergie de synthèse par un procédé de dissolution de matières
WO1993025278A1 (fr) * 1992-06-08 1993-12-23 Molten Metal Technology, Inc. Procede et installation de traitement de dechets organiques
WO1993025277A1 (fr) * 1992-06-08 1993-12-23 Molten Metal Technology, Inc. Procede de traitement de dechets organiques
US5537940A (en) * 1993-06-08 1996-07-23 Molten Metal Technology, Inc. Method for treating organic waste
EP0897967A3 (fr) * 1997-08-13 1999-03-24 LINDE-KCA-Dresden GmbH Procédé et appareil pour gazéifier des déchets
WO2001040411A1 (fr) * 1999-12-03 2001-06-07 Agriculture Azote Et Carbone Organiques Procede et installation de gazeification de composes carbones

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DE3608005A1 (de) * 1986-03-11 1987-10-01 Dornier System Gmbh Verfahren zur entsorgung von sondermuell
CA2037860C (fr) * 1990-03-08 2001-07-31 Paul Katona Methode de traitement d'un effluent gazeux
US5191154A (en) * 1991-07-29 1993-03-02 Molten Metal Technology, Inc. Method and system for controlling chemical reaction in a molten bath
WO1993002750A1 (fr) * 1991-07-29 1993-02-18 Molten Metal Technology, Inc. Procede et systeme d'oxydation dans un bain de fusion
US5776420A (en) * 1991-07-29 1998-07-07 Molten Metal Technology, Inc. Apparatus for treating a gas formed from a waste in a molten metal bath
US5354940A (en) * 1991-07-29 1994-10-11 Molten Metal Technology, Inc. Method for controlling chemical reaction in a molten metal bath
US5585532A (en) * 1991-07-29 1996-12-17 Molten Metal Technology, Inc. Method for treating a gas formed from a waste in a molten metal bath
KR100243533B1 (ko) * 1991-12-06 2000-02-01 테리 에이. 매튜스 폐유기물 처리방법
US5435814A (en) * 1992-08-13 1995-07-25 Ashland Inc. Molten metal decomposition apparatus
US5645615A (en) * 1992-08-13 1997-07-08 Ashland Inc. Molten decomposition apparatus and process
DE4333082A1 (de) * 1992-10-10 1994-04-14 Heinz Hinterholzinger Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Heizgas aus Müll und aufgelassenen Kohleminen
US5744117A (en) * 1993-04-12 1998-04-28 Molten Metal Technology, Inc. Feed processing employing dispersed molten droplets
AT401301B (de) * 1993-07-01 1996-08-26 Holderbank Financ Glarus Reaktor sowie verfahren zum schmelzen von verbrennungsrückständen
AUPN226095A0 (en) 1995-04-07 1995-05-04 Technological Resources Pty Limited A method of producing metals and metal alloys
US6432149B1 (en) * 1995-06-02 2002-08-13 Marathon Ashland Petroleum Llc Burner-feed multi-zone molten metal syngas generator
DE19622152A1 (de) * 1996-06-01 1997-12-04 Krupp Uhde Gmbh Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Gas
DE19629544C2 (de) * 1996-07-22 1998-10-22 Linde Kca Dresden Gmbh Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von Polyvinylchlorid (PVC) sowie Verwendung des Verfahrens
AUPO426396A0 (en) 1996-12-18 1997-01-23 Technological Resources Pty Limited A method of producing iron
AUPO426096A0 (en) 1996-12-18 1997-01-23 Technological Resources Pty Limited Method and apparatus for producing metals and metal alloys
AUPO944697A0 (en) * 1997-09-26 1997-10-16 Technological Resources Pty Limited A method of producing metals and metal alloys
AUPP442598A0 (en) 1998-07-01 1998-07-23 Technological Resources Pty Limited Direct smelting vessel
MY119760A (en) 1998-07-24 2005-07-29 Tech Resources Pty Ltd A direct smelting process
AUPP483898A0 (en) 1998-07-24 1998-08-13 Technological Resources Pty Limited A direct smelting process & apparatus
AUPP554098A0 (en) 1998-08-28 1998-09-17 Technological Resources Pty Limited A process and an apparatus for producing metals and metal alloys
AUPP570098A0 (en) 1998-09-04 1998-10-01 Technological Resources Pty Limited A direct smelting process
AUPP647198A0 (en) 1998-10-14 1998-11-05 Technological Resources Pty Limited A process and an apparatus for producing metals and metal alloys
AUPP805599A0 (en) 1999-01-08 1999-02-04 Technological Resources Pty Limited A direct smelting process
AUPQ083599A0 (en) 1999-06-08 1999-07-01 Technological Resources Pty Limited Direct smelting vessel
AUPQ152299A0 (en) 1999-07-09 1999-08-05 Technological Resources Pty Limited Start-up procedure for direct smelting process
AUPQ205799A0 (en) 1999-08-05 1999-08-26 Technological Resources Pty Limited A direct smelting process
AUPQ213099A0 (en) 1999-08-10 1999-09-02 Technological Resources Pty Limited Pressure control
AUPQ308799A0 (en) 1999-09-27 1999-10-21 Technological Resources Pty Limited A direct smelting process
AUPQ346399A0 (en) 1999-10-15 1999-11-11 Technological Resources Pty Limited Stable idle procedure
AUPQ365799A0 (en) 1999-10-26 1999-11-18 Technological Resources Pty Limited A direct smelting apparatus and process
US6602321B2 (en) 2000-09-26 2003-08-05 Technological Resources Pty. Ltd. Direct smelting process
US6717026B2 (en) * 2001-02-27 2004-04-06 Clean Technologies International Corporation Molten metal reactor utilizing molten metal flow for feed material and reaction product entrapment
RU2255960C2 (ru) * 2002-07-26 2005-07-10 Шломин Валентин Валентинович Теплогазогенератор твердого топлива
US8956459B2 (en) 2005-02-23 2015-02-17 Kyocera Corporation Joined assembly, wafer holding assembly, attaching structure thereof and method for processing wafer
JP5327417B2 (ja) * 2006-04-12 2013-10-30 株式会社Ｉｈｉ 流動層反応器
US8303916B2 (en) * 2008-02-01 2012-11-06 Oscura, Inc. Gaseous transfer in multiple metal bath reactors

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0464802A1 (fr) * 1990-07-03 1992-01-08 Franz Puschauer Procédé pour la production d'un gaz d'énergie de synthèse par un procédé de dissolution de matières
WO1993025278A1 (fr) * 1992-06-08 1993-12-23 Molten Metal Technology, Inc. Procede et installation de traitement de dechets organiques
WO1993025277A1 (fr) * 1992-06-08 1993-12-23 Molten Metal Technology, Inc. Procede de traitement de dechets organiques
US5537940A (en) * 1993-06-08 1996-07-23 Molten Metal Technology, Inc. Method for treating organic waste
EP0897967A3 (fr) * 1997-08-13 1999-03-24 LINDE-KCA-Dresden GmbH Procédé et appareil pour gazéifier des déchets
WO2001040411A1 (fr) * 1999-12-03 2001-06-07 Agriculture Azote Et Carbone Organiques Procede et installation de gazeification de composes carbones
FR2801895A1 (fr) * 1999-12-03 2001-06-08 Agriculture Azote Et Carbone O Procede et installation de gazeification de composes carbones
US7087098B2 (en) 1999-12-03 2006-08-08 Agriculture Azote Et Carbone Organiques Method and installation for gasifying carbonaceous compounds

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE39709T1 (de) 1989-01-15
DE3434004C2 (de) 1987-03-26
EP0175207B1 (fr) 1989-01-04
US4681599A (en) 1987-07-21
JPS61133187A (ja) 1986-06-20
DE3434004A1 (de) 1986-05-22
EP0175207A3 (en) 1986-12-30

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