EP0010315B1 - Spinning or twisting machine - Google Patents

Description

Such machines are used for spinning or twisting yarns. It is known to drive each textile spindle of such a machine by means of a separate electric motor which is only assigned to it. Such a drive is also referred to as a single drive for the spindles. However, it is difficult to center the spindle shaft of the spindle, which is coaxial with the rotor of the rotor and which is firmly connected to the rotor shaft, exactly to the ring which it penetrates and which is arranged on the ring bench. This ring, which is also referred to as a spinning or twisting ring, serves to carry a ring traveler which is dragged all around on this ring by the yarn running towards the spindle. It is therefore important that the spindle shaft is very well centered in all positions of the ring bank performing the lifting movements during operation in relation to the ring that is moved up and down with the ring bank, because otherwise the risk of thread breakage is increased and runner wear is increased or the ring traveler bumps against the yarn winding body can occur, which is on a sleeve attached to the spindle shaft in the winding.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide, in a spinning or twisting machine of the type mentioned in the preamble of claim 1, the possibility of quickly and uncomplicatedly turning each spindle shaft in a simple manner, possibly using teachings, compared to the one penetrated by it, on the ring bench center the ring over the maximum stroke of this ring bench.

This object is achieved by the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1. By arranging both end shields of the housing of the electric motor on the spindle bench independently of one another in a radially adjustable manner on all sides, the spindle shaft can be quickly and accurately centered in a structurally simple manner in relation to the ring penetrated by it via the maximum lifting height of the ring bench carrying this ring.

On a ring spinning or ring twisting machine, the textile spindles are normally arranged in two rows, namely one row on each longitudinal side of the machine. However, it is also possible that there is only a single row of spindles. In general, it is sufficient to assign each such row of spindles a single spindle bank and only in special cases several separate spindle banks. The rings assigned to a row of spindles and penetrated by the spindle shafts and carrying ring travelers are expediently arranged on a single ring bank, but here too, a plurality of ring banks can be provided per row of spindles.

There are ring banks on which the rings are arranged so as to be radially immovable, and ring banks on which the rings can be fixed in a radially adjustable manner on all sides. It is always desirable that the longitudinal axes of the rings of a ring bench lie in a common plane and have the same spacing from one another, that is to say there is an exact spindle division. With the invention, it is possible to center the spindle shafts rapidly with these rings both in the case of rings of the relevant row of rings already arranged in exact division, and thus also to carry out an exact spindle division, and also to first arrange the one end shield of the electric motors of a textile spindle row in such a way that that the longitudinal axes of the bearings for the rotor shaft contained in them lie in one plane and have equal distances from each other and only then center the rings on the ring rail and the other end shields.

The rotor shaft of the electric motor of the textile spindle can be in one piece with the spindle shaft or with a central longitudinal mandrel of the spindle shaft or the spindle shaft and / or a central longitudinal mandrel of the spindle shaft can be designed as a separate part and can be firmly connected to the rotor shaft of the rotor of the electric motor.

The radial positional adjustability of the relevant end shield of the electric motor of the spindle is understood to mean that the end shield can be radially adjusted in all directions with respect to the axis of rotation of the textile spindle.

The radial position adjustment of the individual end shield generally only needs to be relatively small, for example at least in many cases 2 to 8 mm radial position adjustability or in some cases less or more, depending on the manufacturing tolerances, are sufficient.

In some cases it is sufficient if both end shields or one of the two end shields can be immovably attached to the spindle bank during operation. For example, the relevant end shield or a ring washer attached to it could have threaded holes into which holes of the spindle bank with considerable side play penetrating threaded shafts of fastening screws can be screwed, which hold the end shield immovably on the spindle bank in the once set position and whose heads on the spindle bank via washers are supported.

Since the rotational axis of the textile spindle must be able to be pivoted transversely to its longitudinal direction to a limited extent by radial position adjustment of at least one of the end shields, it is necessary to provide that this pivoting movement is possible. To do this, it is sufficient if one of the two end shields is connected to the spindle bank via at least one such pivoting elastic member, for example an elastomeric ring, a disc spring, helical spring or the like. If the other end shield is also to be immovably connected to the spindle bench, it can be provided, for example, via to connect a lockable ball joint to the spindle bench, for example to attach a pan to the spindle bench in a radially positionally adjustable manner, which has a bearing surface formed as a ring section of a circle and coaxial with the axis of rotation of the textile spindle, against which a complementary bearing surface of the end shield rests and that the ball joint, for example, by Bracing the pan with the end shield can be locked, ie its two bearing surfaces can no longer slide on each other.

In general, however, it is particularly advantageous if both end shields are connected to the spindle bank by at least one elastic member each. This results in structurally particularly simple embodiments and has, among other things. also the advantage that these elastic members allow gyroscopic movements of the rotatable part of the spindle consisting of the spindle shaft and rotor of the electric motor, which serves in a known manner to automatically compensate for imbalances caused by the yarn winding body being twisted on a sleeve fitted to the rotating spindle shaft will.

The electric motor can be of any suitable type, for example an asynchronous motor with a squirrel-cage rotor or a self-starting synchronous motor, for example a shaded-pole motor. The rotor of the electric motor can preferably be mounted in both bearing plates by means of sliding layers and by means of a thrust bearing located in the lower plate.

• Fig. 1 eine Seitenansicht einer an einer gemäss Schnittlinie 1 -1 in Fig. 2 geschnitten dargestellten Spindelbank angeordneten Textilspindel, wobei auch die Ringbank geschnitten mit eingezeichnet ist, jedoch ist die Textilspindel ungeschnitten dargestellt,
• Fig. 2 eine Draufsicht auf einen Ausschnitt der Spindelbank nach Fig. 1, wobei die Ringbank weggelassen und der Spindelschaft der Spindel geschnitten ist,
• Fig. 3 einen Längsschnitt durch eine ausschnittsweise dargestellte Variante der Textilspindel nach Fig. 2 welche eine andere Lagerung des unteren Lagerschildes des Elektromotors dieser Textilspindel zeigt.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing. Show it:

• 1 is a side view of a textile spindle arranged on a spindle bank shown in section along line 1 - 1 in FIG. 2, the ring bank also being shown in section, but the textile spindle is shown uncut,
• 2 shows a plan view of a section of the spindle bench according to FIG. 1, the ring bench being omitted and the spindle shaft of the spindle being cut,
• Fig. 3 shows a longitudinal section through a section of the variant of the textile spindle according to Fig. 2 which shows a different mounting of the lower bearing plate of the electric motor of this textile spindle.

1 shows a spindle bench 10, a textile spindle 11 and a ring bench 12 of a spinning or twisting machine which is not shown in further detail. The spindle bench 10 and the ring bench 12 extend essentially over the length of the machine in question. The spindle bench 10 can be fixedly arranged on the machine frame and the ring bench 12 is guided vertically straight and can be driven to steady lifting movements by means of a lifting mechanism, not shown. The lowest possible position of the ring rail 12 is shown fully drawn and the highest possible position of the ring rail 12 is shown in dash-dot lines. A larger number of rings 13, also referred to as spinning or twisting rings, are arranged in a row on the ring bench 12 as usual. A ring traveler (not shown) can be placed on each ring 13, through which the thread running towards the textile spindle 11 and to be wound onto the sleeve (not shown) to be fitted onto its spindle shaft 14 passes and thereby drags this ring traveler on the ring 13 with it.

The spindle bench 10 consists of a rigid tube of square cross section. For each textile spindle 11 to be arranged on it, it has a circular hole 16, 17 on the top and bottom. The diameter of the upper hole 16 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the electric motor 19 of the textile spindle 11 to be inserted through it downwards into the interior of the spindle bench 10. This electric motor 19 has a housing consisting of an upper bearing plate 20, an underside bearing plate 21 and a cylindrical middle part 22, on the two ends of which these end plates 20, 21 are fastened by means of screws 23. The middle part 22 of the housing can be a sleeve which surrounds the stator of this electric motor 19 in a known manner or can also be formed by the laminated core of the stator of this electric motor 19, as is also known.

The bearing plates 20, 21 contain slide bearings or roller bearings for mounting the rotor shaft 24, which can only be seen in FIG. 2, the lower bearing plate 21 can preferably have a track bearing for mounting the lower end face of the rotor shaft 24.

On the vertically directed rotor shaft 24, the vertical spindle shaft 14 of this textile spindle 11 is arranged coaxially with it. This spindle shaft 14 can consist, for example, of aluminum and can be pressed onto the rotor shaft 24. In this exemplary embodiment, the rotor shaft 24 thus simultaneously forms a mandrel projecting into the spindle shaft 14.

The lower end plate 21 has a cylindrical, downwardly projecting threaded pin 25 arranged thereon, the longitudinal axis of which is aligned with the axis of rotation of the electric motor 19 and thus with the axis of rotation of the textile spindle 11 and on which two retaining rings 26, 27 made of armored and formed as flange rings or unarmoured elastomeric material, for example made of rubber or elastic plastic, are arranged one above the other. These two retaining rings 26, 27 are of identical design and are arranged in mirror-image relation to one another and are arranged in a positively locking manner and coaxially with the longitudinal axis of the threaded pin 25. The upper retaining ring 27 lies with its outer flange on the top of a horizontal, plate-shaped base part 29 of the spindle bench 10 and the lower retaining ring 26 rests on the flat underside of this bottom part 29 of the spindle bench 10. Furthermore, the upper retaining ring 27 rests on a flat end face of the lower end shield 21 and the lower retaining ring 26 rests on a washer 30, which is placed on the thread of the threaded pin 25 screwed clamping nut 31 is placed so that by turning the clamping nut 31, the two retaining rings 26, 27 between the end plate 21 or washer 30 and the base 29 of the spindle bench 10 are clamped as shown with a preload that can be adjusted by turning the clamping nut 31, and thus this threaded pin 25 and thus keep the electric motor 19 elastic.

You can loosen the clamping nut 31 so far that you can move the threaded pin 25 together with the retaining rings 26, 27 radially on all sides relative to the spindle bank 10 within the limits determined by the hole 17. For this purpose, the hole 17 has a diameter which is considerably larger, for example 2 to 8 mm, than that of the short, cylindrical regions of the retaining rings 26, 27 located in it.

The upper bearing plate 20 has a projection 33 in the form of a cylindrical sleeve-shaped extension, which is an integral part of the bearing plate 20 and is arranged on the circumference in a circular-cylindrical manner and coaxially with the axis of rotation of the textile locker 11. On this projection 33 there is a cylindrical, rotationally symmetrical retaining ring 34 of rectangular cross-section made of elastomeric material, for example made of armored or non-armored rubber or plastic, arranged in a form-fitting manner and, if appropriate, glued to it, and this retaining ring 34 is attached to a circular cylindrical outer ring 35 which surrounds it in a form-fitting manner and which is shown in FIG. 2 seen in plan view attached by gluing or otherwise. This outer ring 35 is placed on the flat, horizontal ceiling 36 of the spindle bench 10 and has at its most distant ends 52 each a circular hole 37 of a diameter which is larger, for example by 2 to 8 mm, than that Outside diameter of a fastening screw 39 penetrating this hole 37 and screwed into a threaded hole in the ceiling 36 of the spindle bench 10, the head of which rests on a washer 40, so that when the two fastening screws 39 of this outer ring 35 are loosened, they can be tightened with the elastomer Retaining ring 34 connected upper bearing plate 20 in the extent determined by the oversize of the holes 37 relative to the diameter of the threaded shafts of the fastening screws 39 can shift radially on all sides. By tightening these two fastening screws 39, the outer ring 35 can then be immovably connected to the spindle bench 10 again in the set position.

• Wenn die Ringe 13 auf der Ringbank 12 radial lageverstellbar sind, kann man sie zunächst in beliebiger radialer Lage belassen und zuerst nach Lockern der Befestigungsschrauben 39 und der Spannmuttern 31 alle Spindelschäfte 14 so ausrichten, dass ihre Längsachsen sich in einer gemeinsamen vertikalen Ebene befinden und konstante Abstände voneinander haben. Dann werden die Befestigungsschrauben 39 zur unverrückbaren Befestigung der Aussenringe 35 auf der Spindelbank 10 angezogen und dann die Ringe 13 zu den Spindelschäften 14 zentriert und nunmehr wird die Ringbank 12 in ihre strichpunktiert dargestellte oberste Stellung bewegt und dann werden die unteren Lagerschilder 21 dieser Textilspindel 11 einzeln nacheinander radial so lageverstellt, dass der Spindelschaft 14 im Ring 13 auch in der neuen höheren Stellung des Ringes genau zentriert ist, und anschliessend wird die Spannmutter 31 der so zentrierten Textilspindel 11 angezogen, damit diese zentrierte Stellung des Spindelschaftes 14 nicht mehr verstellt wird.

To center all the textile spindles 11 arranged on this straight, horizontal spindle bench 10 in the rings arranged on the ring bench 12, one can proceed differently. Two particularly advantageous options are the following:

• If the rings 13 on the ring bench 12 are radially adjustable, they can initially be left in any radial position and, after loosening the fastening screws 39 and the clamping nuts 31, align all the spindle shafts 14 so that their longitudinal axes are in a common vertical plane and constant Have distances from each other. Then the fastening screws 39 are tightened for immovable fastening of the outer rings 35 on the spindle bench 10 and then the rings 13 are centered on the spindle shafts 14 and now the ring bench 12 is moved into its uppermost position shown in broken lines and then the lower end shields 21 of this textile spindle 11 are individually successively radially adjusted so that the spindle shaft 14 is exactly centered in the ring 13 even in the new higher position of the ring, and then the clamping nut 31 of the textile spindle 11 so centered is tightened so that this centered position of the spindle shaft 14 is no longer adjusted.

Or one can proceed in such a way that the rings 13 are first arranged on the ring bench 12 in such a way that their longitudinal axes are at constant distances from one another and lie in a common vertical plane, provided the rings 13 are radially adjustable. If the latter is not the case, it is of course not necessary to adjust the rings 13, since they are then already in the mutual orientation mentioned. The fastening screws 39 and clamping nuts 31 are loosened and, in the lowest position of the ring rail 12, the spindle shaft 14 is centered by radially adjusting the upper end plate 20 with the outer ring 35 being moved accordingly. When this has been done for all textile spindles 11 of this row of spindles, the ring rail 12 is moved so far up that all the fastening screws 39 can be tightened to immovably hold the positions of the outer rings 35 set in this way. After tightening the screws 39, the ring rail 12 is moved into the highest position and now, as already described above, the spindle shafts 14 are successively centered on the rings 13 located in these new highest positions by radially adjusting the end shields 21 and this centered position then becomes each fixed by tightening the relevant clamping nut 31.

In both methods described, each spindle shaft 14 is centered on the ring 13 penetrated by it in such a way that the centering over the maximum lifting height of the ring 13 is consistently very accurate, because the centering of the spindle shaft 14 is in the lowest position of the ring 13 when centering of the spindle shaft 14 in the uppermost position of the ring 13 because of the small distance between the lowest position of the ring 13 and the upper end plate 20 can not change or at most only insignificantly. If, however, the centering on one or the other textile spindle 11 in the lowest position of the spindle bench 10 after centering in the uppermost position of the spindle bench is no longer sufficiently precise, the centering of the spindle shaft 14 can be repeated again, which then because of the more precise starting position becomes even more precise.

The centering of the spindle shaft 14 in the ring 13 can take place or be facilitated by means of teachings known per se or also by optical measurement or in another suitable manner.

Since, as is known, the rotating part of the textile spindle 11 should be able to behave expediently like a gyroscope during operation, which is readily possible here by the elastic retaining rings 26, 27 and 34, it can often be expedient to determine the gyroscopic movements of this rotatable spindle shaft 14 and To dampen rotor of the electric motor 19 existing spindle part more. An advantageous damping option is shown in an exemplary embodiment in FIG. 3, which shows only a small part of its lower end plate 21 cut from the electric motor 19 of the textile spindle 11. This electric motor, as well as the holder of its upper end plate, and the spindle shaft can be designed as in FIGS. The only deviation from the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2 thus consists in the shown different mounting of the lower bearing plate 21. This lower bearing plate 21 has a recess on the underside with a circumferential groove-shaped undercut, which leads downward to a fixed arrangement on the bearing plate 21 projecting cylindrical pin 45, which is coaxial with the axis of rotation of the textile spindle, and in which a retaining ring 46 of elastomeric material, for example made of rubber or plastic, with a circular cross section is held, which retaining ring 46 is located in an annular groove on the top side that is coaxial with the longitudinal axis of the pin 45 Outer flange 47 of a pot 49 is seated. This pot 49 is only open on the top side and the pin 45 projects into it into the vicinity of its flat bottom with considerable side play. This pin 45 is loosely encompassed in the area of the circular cylindrical interior of the pot 49 by a spiral spring 50, the turns of which are at a small distance from one another, and damping oil is filled into this pot 49 up to the top of the spiral spring 50. As a result, if the end plate 21 swings with the spindle shaft 14 rotating relative to the pot 49 held immovably on the bottom part 29 of the spindle bench 10 as a result of the elastic retaining ring 46, these vibrations, which correspond or can correspond to gyroscopic movements, are damped particularly well, since this occurs between the turns of the spiral spring 50 located oil is moved back and forth and has high flow resistance.

The pot 49 penetrates with its lower cylindrical region a cylindrical hole 17 in the bottom part 29 of the spindle bench 10 with considerable radial play of, for example, 2 to 8 mm. This cylindrical pot area has an external thread onto which a nut 31 is screwed, by means of which the pot 49, with its outer flange 47 on the top part on the bottom part 29 of the spindle bench 10, can be securely fastened to the spindle bench 10 in any radially adjustable position.

If you want to adjust the lower end plate 21 radially, you loosen the nut 31 and you can then adjust the pot 49 and thus the lower end plate 21 radially on all sides, as far as the side play of the pot 49 in the hole 17 of the bottom part 29 allows.

Instead of the damping coil spring 50, other damping elements interacting with the damping oil can optionally be arranged in the pot 49, for example elastic foam having open pores, a sleeve or a plurality of sleeves or cups nested in one another with little play or the like.

Claims (9)

1. A spinning or twisting machine with a plurality of vertically arranged textile spindles (11), each of which comprises a rotatable centre shaft (14) which is rigidly coaxially connected to the rotor shaft (24) of the rotor of an electromotor (19) serving solely to drive the spindle shaft (14), the housing of this electromotor (19) being provided with two bearing brackets (20; 21) and arranged on a spindle rail (10) and the centre shaft (14) coaxially penetrating a ring (13) which is arranged on a ring rail (12) and on which a ring traveller can revolve, characterised in that both bearing brackets (20; 21) of the housing of the electromotor (19) are arranged on the spindle rail (10) so as to be radially adjustable in position all- round independently of one another.

2. A machine according to claim 1, characterised in that at least one bearing bracket (20; 21 ) is connected to the spindle rail (10) via at least one resilient member (26, 27; 43; 46).

3. A machine according to claim 2, characterised in that at least one resilient member is a rotationally symmetrical, resilient, preferably elastomeric, holding ring (26, 27; 34; 46) coaxially arranged with respect to the axis of roation of the textile spindle (11 ).

4. A machine according to claim 3, characterised in that the holding ring (26, 27; 34; 46) positively surrounds a sleevelike or peg-shaped projection (25; 33; 45), coaxial with respect to the axis of rotation of the textile spindle (11), of the relevant bearing bracket (20; 21).

5. A machine according to one of claims 3 or 4, characterised in that the holding ring (34) is secured to a rigid outer ring (35) with is arranged on the spindle rail (10) so as to be radially adjustable in position.

6. A machine according to claim 4 or 5, characterised in that the projection (25) of the bearing bracket (21) carries two elastomeric holding rings (26, 27) positively arranged one on top of the other on the said projection, that this projection (25) penetrates a hole (17) in a platelike part (29) of the spindle rail (10) with considerable lateral play, that the two elastomeric holding rings (26, 27) rest with outer flanges on the upper side and the underside, respectively, of this platelike part (29) and are clamped by means of a tightening nut (31), screwed onto a thread of this projection (25), between the bearing bracket (21 ) and this platelike part (29) and between the tightening nut (31 ) and this platelike part (29).

7. A machine according to claim 4 or 5, characterised in that the lower bearing bracket (21 ) of the electromotor comprises a rigid pin (45) which is directed downwards and projects into a pot (49) containing at least one attenuating member (50) for attenuating the pin movement and attenuating oil, cooperating with this attenuating member, for attenuating the vibrations of the electromotor (19) and of the centre shaft (14), that the lower bearing bracket (21) of the electromotor (19) is mounted on this pot (49) with the interposition of a resilient, preferably elastomeric, holding ring (46) coaxial with respect to the axis of rotation of the electromotor, the said ring (46) being held on the pot (49) and the bearing bracket (21) in a predetermined position, and that this pot (49) is arranged on the spindle rail (10) so as to be radially adjustable in position all- round.

8. A machine according to claim 7, characterised in that the holding ring (46) interposed between the pot (49) and the lower bearing bracket (21 ) seals the pot (49) externally.

9. A method for adjusting the textile spindle (11) of a ring spinning or twisting machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that, with the smallest possible axial distance between the ring (13), arranged on the ring rail (12) and penetrated by the centre shaft (14) of the textile spindle (11), and the upper bearing bracket (20) disposed below this ring (13), this upper bearing bracket (20) or the ring (13) is initially radially adjusted such that the centre shaft (14) centrally penetrates the ring (13), and that, with the greatest possible distance between the ring (13), still penetrated by the centre shaft (14) and the lower bearing bracket (21), this lower bearing bracket (21) is then radially adjusted such that the centre shaft (14) centrally penetrates the ring (13) when the latter is in this upper position as well.

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