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EP0059991A1 - Reactor for gasifying solid fuels - Google Patents

Reactor for gasifying solid fuels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0059991A1
EP0059991A1 EP82200154A EP82200154A EP0059991A1 EP 0059991 A1 EP0059991 A1 EP 0059991A1 EP 82200154 A EP82200154 A EP 82200154A EP 82200154 A EP82200154 A EP 82200154A EP 0059991 A1 EP0059991 A1 EP 0059991A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tar
fixed bed
distributor
solid fuels
gasification
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP82200154A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0059991B1 (en
Inventor
Hans Küpfer
Paul Rudolph
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GEA Group AG
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Metallgesellschaft AG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0059991A1 publication Critical patent/EP0059991A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0059991B1 publication Critical patent/EP0059991B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/06—Continuous processes
    • C10J3/08—Continuous processes with ash-removal in liquid state
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/22—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues
    • C10J3/24—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed
    • C10J3/26—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed downwardly
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/30—Fuel charging devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/32—Devices for distributing fuel evenly over the bed or for stirring up the fuel bed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
    • C10J3/76—Water jackets; Steam boiler-jackets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093—Coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0969—Carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water
    • C10J2300/0976—Water as steam

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the gasification of solid fuels in a fixed bed with the gasifying agents passed from below through the fixed bed oxygen, water vapor and / or carbon dioxide, the gasification residues being drawn off as solid ash or liquid slag under the fixed bed and the solid fuels via a lock and tar be fed through a feed line to the fixed bed, and a reactor for this.
  • the solid fuels suitable for gasification are primarily coal or lignite, which in the following are simply referred to as "coal".
  • the gasification in the fixed bed can also include carbon-containing molded articles, e.g. Briquettes or pellets.
  • granular coal with grain sizes in the range from 3 to 70 mm is preferably added to the reactor; Moldings have corresponding sizes.
  • tar in addition to coal, a certain proportion of tar can also be fed to the fixed bed gasification in a known manner.
  • Such tar is preferably obtained during the cooling of the gasification product gas.
  • the resulting dust-containing tar fraction is hardly suitable for independent further use and is best fed back into the gasification reactor.
  • Such a method is described in German Offenlegungsschrift 26 07 745 and the corresponding US patent 4 187 080.
  • the tar is selectively supplied to the gasification coal from a line. A perfect mixing of tar and coal is not achieved.
  • the object of the invention is to mix the tar introduced into the reactor as homogeneously as possible with the coal to be gasified at the same time. This enables the gasification process in the reactor to be made more uniform. In contrast, an uneven loading of the tar means an uneven operation of the reactor and leads to channel formation in the fixed fuel bed.
  • the object is achieved in the method mentioned at the outset in that the tar is divided into many individual streams and flows over the cross section of the fixed bed onto the fuel.
  • One embodiment of the invention consists in that an inclined distributor surface, which is provided with numerous through-openings for the tar and the solid fuels, is arranged above the fixed bed and the mouth of the tar feed line is directed towards the upper region of the distributor surface. The tar initially flows down the distributor surface and passes through the openings of the distributor surface in many individual flows. In this way, the coal bed located under the distributor surface is evenly charged with tar.
  • one or more nozzles can also be provided at the mouth end of the tar feed line.
  • a certain risk of clogging must be observed for the outlet openings of a nozzle distributor.
  • the tar usually given up in gasification contains a proportion of solids, e.g. fine-grained coal, so that special attention must be paid to the free flow of tar through the pipe and the distributor openings.
  • the distribution of the tar jet emerging from the supply line as uniformly as possible with the aid of a distributor surface can be achieved in various ways.
  • One possibility is to design the distributor surface as a distributor cone, which improves the distribution over the reactor cross section.
  • the distributor surface or the distributor cone can furthermore have a tar trough with outlet openings for receiving the tar to be distributed. As it exits the trough, the tar undergoes a first distribution and is then further divided as it flows down the distributor surface or cone.
  • the distributor surface or the distributor cone can also be designed to be movable and in particular rotatable about a vertical axis.
  • an embodiment of the invention is shown schematically. It shows a longitudinal section through the upper area of the gasification reactor.
  • the reactor has a water-cooled double jacket 1 and 2 and a product gas outlet 3. At the upper end there is a lock 4, from which the coal to be gasified falls batchwise into the reactor by opening the valve 5.
  • the coal first falls on a turntable 6, which on one vertical shaft 7 is attached.
  • the coal is laterally supported on the turntable by a stationary cylinder 8.
  • the shaft is supported by spokes 9 and a bearing ring 10 on a stationary bearing ring 11.
  • the shaft 7 is rotatable about its longitudinal axis.
  • it has a ring gear 12 with spokes 13.
  • a pinion 14 engages in the ring gear 12, which is connected in a manner not shown to a drive located outside the reactor.
  • the tar to be gasified is fed to the reactor through the tar feed line 15.
  • an umbrella-like distributor cone 16 with a tar trough 17 is present and fastened to the shaft 7.
  • the tar pan 17 is open at the top and has a serrated edge, as can be seen in the drawing. Between these teeth, the tar directed into the trough 17 flows outwards and onto the distributor cone 16.
  • the cone 16 is provided with numerous passage openings 18. The diameter of these openings is larger than the largest coal grains to be gasified. The diameter of the openings is expediently in the range from 100 to 300 mm.
  • the shape and size of the through openings 18 can be very different, since the openings only have to serve the purpose of allowing coal falling onto the cone 16 to pass through and also to serve as through openings for the tar.
  • An additional distribution effect for the tar is achieved in that the cone 16 and with it the trough 17 are rotated via the shaft 7 during operation of the reactor.
  • the coal located on the turntable 6 and the tar evenly distributed into the coal flow down through a short channel 20 in the turntable onto the gasification fixed bed 21.
  • the turntable 6 can also be dispensed with, so that the coal and tar from the distributor cone 16 reach the fixed bed 21 directly.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

Feste Brennstoffe werden im Festbett (21) mit von unten durch das Festbett geleiteten Vergasungsmitteln vergast. Die Vergasungsrückstände zieht man als feste Asche oder flüssige Schlacke unter dem Festbett ab. Die festen Brennstoffe werden über eine Schleuse (4) und Teer wird durch eine Zufuhrleitung (15) in den Reaktor gegeben. Der Teer fließt in viele Einzelströme zerteilt und über den Querschnitt des Festbettes verteilt auf den Brennstoff. Im Vergasungsreaktor ist über dem Festbett eine geneigte, mit zahlreichen Durchlaßöffnungen (18) für den Teer und die festen Brennstoffe versehene Verteilerfläche (16) angeordnet. Die Mündung der Teerzufuhrleitung ist auf den oberen Bereich der Verteilerfläche gerichtet. Die Verteilerfläche weist zur Aufnahme des Teers eine Teerwanne (17) mit Austrittsöffnungen auf. Die Verteilerfläche ist um eine vertikale Achse drehbar.Solid fuels are gasified in the fixed bed (21) with gasifying agents guided from below through the fixed bed. The gasification residues are removed as solid ash or liquid slag under the fixed bed. The solid fuels are fed through a lock (4) and tar is fed into the reactor through a feed line (15). The tar flows into many individual streams and is distributed over the cross section of the fixed bed onto the fuel. In the gasification reactor, an inclined distributor surface (16), which is provided with numerous passage openings (18) for the tar and the solid fuels, is arranged above the fixed bed. The mouth of the tar feed line is directed towards the upper area of the distributor surface. The distributor surface has a tar trough (17) with outlet openings for receiving the tar. The distributor surface can be rotated about a vertical axis.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Vergasen fester Brennstoffe im Festbett mit den von unten durch das Festbett geleiteten Vergasungsmitteln Sauerstoff, Wasserdampf und/oder Kohlendioxid, wobei die Vergasungsrückstände als feste Asche oder flüssige Schlacke unter dem Festbett abgezogen und die festen Brennstoffe über eine Schleuse und Teer durch eine Zufuhrleitung auf das Festbett gegeben werden, sowie einen Reaktor hierzu.The invention relates to a process for the gasification of solid fuels in a fixed bed with the gasifying agents passed from below through the fixed bed oxygen, water vapor and / or carbon dioxide, the gasification residues being drawn off as solid ash or liquid slag under the fixed bed and the solid fuels via a lock and tar be fed through a feed line to the fixed bed, and a reactor for this.

Bei den für die Vergasung geeigneten festen Brennstoffen handelt es sich vor allem um Kohle oder Braunkohle, die nachfolgend vereinfacht als "Kohle" bezeichnet werden. Der Vergasung im Festbett können auch kohlehaltige Formkörper, Z.B. Briketts oder Pellets, aufgegeben werden. Um eine ausreichende Durchgasung des Festbettes zu erreichen, gibt man dem Reaktor bevorzugt körnige Kohle mit Korngrößen im Bereich von 3 bis 70 mm auf; Formkörper weisen entsprechende Größen auf.The solid fuels suitable for gasification are primarily coal or lignite, which in the following are simply referred to as "coal". The gasification in the fixed bed can also include carbon-containing molded articles, e.g. Briquettes or pellets. In order to achieve adequate gasification of the fixed bed, granular coal with grain sizes in the range from 3 to 70 mm is preferably added to the reactor; Moldings have corresponding sizes.

Die Vergasung von Kohle im Festbett ist bekannt und z.B. in Ullmanns Enzyklopädie der technischen Chemie, 4. Auflage (1977) Bd. 14, Seiten 383 - 386, dargestellt. Einzelheiten des Vergasungsverfahrens mit festbleibender Asche sind den US-Patentschriften 3 540 867 und 3 854 895 zu entnehmen. Die Vergasungsvariante mit Abzug flüssiger Schlacke ist in den britischen Patentschriften 1 507 905, 1 508 671 und 1 512 677 erläutert.The gasification of coal in a fixed bed is known and e.g. in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 4th edition (1977) vol. 14, pages 383-386. Details of the solid ash gasification process can be found in U.S. Patents 3,540,867 and 3,854,895. The gasification variant with the removal of liquid slag is explained in British Patents 1,507,905, 1,508,671 and 1,512,677.

Neben Kohle kann in bekannter Weise der Festbett-Vergasung auch ein gewisser Anteil Teer zugeführt werden. Bevorzugt fällt ein solcher Teer bei der Kühlung des Produktgases der Vergasung an. Insbesondere die dabei entstehende staubhaltige Teerfraktion ist für eine selbständige Weiterverwendung kaum geignet und wird am besten wieder in den Vergasungsreaktor eingespeist. Ein solches Verfahren ist in der deutschen Offenlegungsschrift 26 07 745 und dem dazu korrespondierenden US-Patent 4 187 080 beschrieben. Beim bekannten Verfahren wird der Teer aus einer Leitung punktuell der Vergasungskohle zugeführt. Dabei wird eine einwandfreie Vermischung von Teer und Kohle nicht erreicht.In addition to coal, a certain proportion of tar can also be fed to the fixed bed gasification in a known manner. Such tar is preferably obtained during the cooling of the gasification product gas. In particular, the resulting dust-containing tar fraction is hardly suitable for independent further use and is best fed back into the gasification reactor. Such a method is described in German Offenlegungsschrift 26 07 745 and the corresponding US patent 4 187 080. In the known method, the tar is selectively supplied to the gasification coal from a line. A perfect mixing of tar and coal is not achieved.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, den in den Reaktor eingeleiteten Teer möglichst homogen mit der gleichzeitig zu vergasenden Kohle zu vermischen. Dadurch läßt sich eine Vergleichmäßigung des Vergasungsprozesses im Reaktor erreichen. Demgegenüber bedeutet eine ungleichmäßige Aufgabe des Teeres einen ungleichmäßigen Betrieb des Reaktors und führt zu Kanalbildung im Brennstoff-Festbett.The object of the invention is to mix the tar introduced into the reactor as homogeneously as possible with the coal to be gasified at the same time. This enables the gasification process in the reactor to be made more uniform. In contrast, an uneven loading of the tar means an uneven operation of the reactor and leads to channel formation in the fixed fuel bed.

Die Aufgabe wird beim eingangs genannten Verfahren dadurch gelöst, daß der Teer in viele Einzelströme zerteilt und über den Querschnitt des Festbettes verteilt auf den Brennstoff fließt. Eine Ausgestaltung der Erfindung besteht darin, daß über dem Festbett eine geneigte, mit zahlreichen Durchlaßöffnungen für den Teer und die festen Brennstoffe versehene Verteilerfläche angeordnet und die Mündung der Teerzufuhrleitung auf den oberen Bereich der Verteilerfläche gerichtet ist. Dabei fließt der Teer zunächst die Verteilerfläche herab und tritt in vielen Einzelströmen durch die öffnungen der Verteilerfläche hindurch. Die unter der Verteilerfläche befindliche Kohleschüttung wird auf diese Weise gleichmäßig mit Teer beaufschlagt.The object is achieved in the method mentioned at the outset in that the tar is divided into many individual streams and flows over the cross section of the fixed bed onto the fuel. One embodiment of the invention consists in that an inclined distributor surface, which is provided with numerous through-openings for the tar and the solid fuels, is arranged above the fixed bed and the mouth of the tar feed line is directed towards the upper region of the distributor surface. The tar initially flows down the distributor surface and passes through the openings of the distributor surface in many individual flows. In this way, the coal bed located under the distributor surface is evenly charged with tar.

Anstelle der Verteilerfläche kann man auch eine oder mehrere Düsen am Mündungsende der Teerzufuhrleitung vorsehen. Für die Austrittsöffnungen eines Düsenverteilers ist aber eine gewisse Verstopfungsgefahr zu beachten. Der üblicherweise der Vergasung aufgegebene Teer enthält nämlich einen Anteil an Feststoffen, z.B. feinkörnige Kohle, so daß dem freien Fluß des Teers durch die Leitung und die Verteileröffnungen besondere Beachtung geschenkt werden muß.Instead of the distributor surface, one or more nozzles can also be provided at the mouth end of the tar feed line. However, a certain risk of clogging must be observed for the outlet openings of a nozzle distributor. The tar usually given up in gasification contains a proportion of solids, e.g. fine-grained coal, so that special attention must be paid to the free flow of tar through the pipe and the distributor openings.

Keine Verstopfungsgefahr besteht, wenn man.anstelle von Düsen eine geneigte Verteilerfläche verwendet, über die der aus einer Leitung kommende Teer fließt. Die möglichst gleichmäßige Verteilung des aus der Zufuhrleitung austretenden Teerstrahls mit Hilfe einer Verteilerfläche kann auf verschiedene Weise geschehen. Eine Möglichkeit ist, die Verteilerfläche als Verteilerkonus auszubilden, wodurch die Verteilung über den Reaktorquerschnitt verbessert wird. Die Verteilerfläche oder der Verteilerkonus können ferner zur Aufnahme des zu verteilenden Teers eine Teerwanne mit Austrittsöffnungen aufweisen. Durch den Austritt aus der Wanne erfährt der Teer eine erste Verteilung und wird dann weiter zerteilt, während er die Verteilerfläche oder den Verteilerkonus hinabfließt. Die Verteilerfläche oder der Verteilerkonus können zusätzlich beweglich und insbesondere um eine vertikale Achse drehbar ausgebildet sein.There is no risk of clogging if, instead of nozzles, an inclined distributor surface is used, over which the tar coming from a pipe flows. The distribution of the tar jet emerging from the supply line as uniformly as possible with the aid of a distributor surface can be achieved in various ways. One possibility is to design the distributor surface as a distributor cone, which improves the distribution over the reactor cross section. The distributor surface or the distributor cone can furthermore have a tar trough with outlet openings for receiving the tar to be distributed. As it exits the trough, the tar undergoes a first distribution and is then further divided as it flows down the distributor surface or cone. The distributor surface or the distributor cone can also be designed to be movable and in particular rotatable about a vertical axis.

In der Zeichnung ist eine Ausgestaltung der Erfindung schematisch dargestellt. Sie zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch den oberen Bereich des Vergasungsreaktors.In the drawing, an embodiment of the invention is shown schematically. It shows a longitudinal section through the upper area of the gasification reactor.

Der Reaktor besitzt einen wassergekühlten Doppelmantel 1 und 2 und einen Produktgas-Austritt 3. Am oberen Ende befindet sich eine Schleuse 4, von der aus die zu vergasende Kohle durch öffnen des Ventils 5 chargenweise in den Reaktor fällt. Die Kohle fällt zunächst auf einen Drehteller 6, der an einer vertikalen Welle 7 befestigt ist. Seitlich wird die Kohleschüttung auf dem Drehteller durch einen ortsfesten Zylinder 8 gestützt. Die Welle stützt sich über Speichen 9 und einen Lagerkranz 10 auf einem ortsfesten Lagerring 11 ab.The reactor has a water-cooled double jacket 1 and 2 and a product gas outlet 3. At the upper end there is a lock 4, from which the coal to be gasified falls batchwise into the reactor by opening the valve 5. The coal first falls on a turntable 6, which on one vertical shaft 7 is attached. The coal is laterally supported on the turntable by a stationary cylinder 8. The shaft is supported by spokes 9 and a bearing ring 10 on a stationary bearing ring 11.

Die Welle 7 ist um ihre Längsachse drehbar. Zu diesem Zweck besitzt sie einen Zahnkranz 12 mit Speichen 13. In den Zahnkranz 12 greift ein Ritzel 14 ein, das in nicht dargestellter Weise mit einem außerhalb des Reaktors befindlichen Antrieb verbunden ist.The shaft 7 is rotatable about its longitudinal axis. For this purpose, it has a ring gear 12 with spokes 13. A pinion 14 engages in the ring gear 12, which is connected in a manner not shown to a drive located outside the reactor.

Der zu vergasende Teer wird dem Reaktor durch die Teerzufuhrleitung 15 aufgegeben. Zum gleichmäßigen Verteilen dieses Teers auf die Kohleschüttung des Drehtellers 6 ist ein schirmartiger Verteilerkonus 16 mit einer Teerwanne 17 vorhanden und an der Welle 7 befestigt. Die Teerwanne 17 ist oben offen und besitzt einen gezähnten Rand, wie das der Zeichnung zu entnehmen ist. Zwischen diesen Zähnen fließt der in die Wanne 17 geleitete Teer nach außen und auf den Verteilerkonus 16 ab. Der Konus 16 ist mit zahlreichen Durchlaßöffnungen 18 versehen. Der Durchmesser dieser öffnungen ist größer als die größten, der Vergasung aufzugebenden Kohlekörner. Der Durchmesser der öffnungen liegt zweckmäßigerweise im Bereich von 100 bis 300 mm.The tar to be gasified is fed to the reactor through the tar feed line 15. To evenly distribute this tar onto the coal bed of the turntable 6, an umbrella-like distributor cone 16 with a tar trough 17 is present and fastened to the shaft 7. The tar pan 17 is open at the top and has a serrated edge, as can be seen in the drawing. Between these teeth, the tar directed into the trough 17 flows outwards and onto the distributor cone 16. The cone 16 is provided with numerous passage openings 18. The diameter of these openings is larger than the largest coal grains to be gasified. The diameter of the openings is expediently in the range from 100 to 300 mm.

Die Form und die Größe der Durchlaßöffnungen 18 kann sehr unterschiedlich sein, da die Öffnungen vor allem nur den Zweck erfüllen müssen, von oben auf den Konus 16 fallende Kohle durchtreten zu lassen und auch für den Teer als Durchflußöffnungen zu dienen. Ein zusätzlicher Verteilungseffekt für den Teer wird dadurch erreicht, daß der Konus 16 und mit ihndie Wanne 17 beim Betrieb des Reaktors über die Welle 7 gedreht werden. Über der Teerwanne 17, verbunden mit der Welle 7, befindet sich eine Haube 19, die verhindert, daß von oben aufgegebene Kohle in die Wanne 17 fällt. Die auf dem Drehteller 6 befindliche Kohle und der in die Kohle hinein gleichmäßig verteilte Teer fließen durch einen kurzen Kanal 20 im Drehteller nach unten auf das Vergasungs-Festbett 21 ab. Auf den Drehteller 6 kann jedoch auch verzichtet werden, so daß die Kohle und der Teer vom Verteilerkonus 16 direkt auf das Festbett 21 gelangen.The shape and size of the through openings 18 can be very different, since the openings only have to serve the purpose of allowing coal falling onto the cone 16 to pass through and also to serve as through openings for the tar. An additional distribution effect for the tar is achieved in that the cone 16 and with it the trough 17 are rotated via the shaft 7 during operation of the reactor. Above the tar pan 17, connected to the shaft 7, there is a hood 19 which prevents Charged above falls into the tub 17. The coal located on the turntable 6 and the tar evenly distributed into the coal flow down through a short channel 20 in the turntable onto the gasification fixed bed 21. However, the turntable 6 can also be dispensed with, so that the coal and tar from the distributor cone 16 reach the fixed bed 21 directly.

Claims (7)

1) Verfahren zum Vergasen fester Brennstoffe im Festbett mit den von unten durch das Festbett geleiteten Vergasungsmitteln Sauerstoff, Wasserdampf und/oder Kohlendioxid, wobei die Vergasungsrückstände als feste Asche oder flüssige Schlacke unter dem Festbett abgezogen und die festen Brennstoffe über eine Schleuse und Teer durch eine Zufuhrleitung auf das Festbett gegeben werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Teer in viele Einzelströme zerteilt und über den Querschnitt des Festbettes verteilt auf den Brennstoff fließt.1) Process for the gasification of solid fuels in a fixed bed with the gasifying agents passed from below through the fixed bed oxygen, water vapor and / or carbon dioxide, the gasification residues being drawn off as solid ash or liquid slag under the fixed bed and the solid fuels via a lock and tar through a Supply line are placed on the fixed bed, characterized in that the tar divided into many individual streams and distributed over the cross section of the fixed bed flows on the fuel. 2) Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Teer durch Leiten über eine mit zahlreichen Durchlaßöffnungen versehene, geneigte Verteilerfläche in viele Einzelströme zerteilt wird.2) Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the tar is divided into many individual streams by passing over an inclined distributor surface provided with numerous through openings. 3) Reaktor zum Vergasen fester Brennstoffe im Festbett mit den von unten durch das Festbett geleiteten Vergasungsmitteln Sauerstoff, Wasserdampf und/oder Kohlendioxid, wobei die Vergasungsrückstände als feste Asche oder flüssige Schlacke unter dem Festbett abgezogen und die festen Brennstoffe über eine Schleuse und Teer durch eine Zufuhrleitung auf das Festbett gegeben werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß über dem Festbett eine geneigte, mit zahlreichen Durchlaßöffnungen für den Teer und die festen Brennstoffe versehene Verteilerfläche angeordnet und die Mündung der Teerzufuhrleitung auf den oberen Bereich der Verteilerfläche gerichtet ist.3) Reactor for the gasification of solid fuels in the fixed bed with the gasifying agents guided from below through the fixed bed oxygen, water vapor and / or carbon dioxide, the gasification residues being drawn off as solid ash or liquid slag under the fixed bed and the solid fuels via a lock and tar through a Supply line can be placed on the fixed bed, characterized in that an inclined distribution surface is provided above the fixed bed, provided with numerous passage openings for the tar and the solid fuels, and the mouth of the tar supply line is directed towards the upper region of the distribution surface. 4) Reaktor nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verteilerfläche als Verteilerkonus ausgebildet ist.4) Reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that the distributor surface is designed as a distributor cone. 5) Reaktor nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verteilerfläche zur Aufnahme des zu verteilenden Teers eine Teerwanne mit Austrittsöffnungen aufweist.5) Reactor according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the distributor surface for receiving the tar to be distributed has a tar trough with outlet openings. 6) Reaktor nach Anspruch 3 oder einem der folgenden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verteilerfläche um eine vertikale Achse drehbar ausgebildet ist.6) Reactor according to claim 3 or one of the following, characterized in that the distributor surface is rotatable about a vertical axis. 7) Reaktor nach Anspruch 6 mit einem Kohleverteilerteller, der an einer vertikalen, mit einem Antrieb verbundenen Welle befestigt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verteilerfläche mit der Welle des Kohleverteilertellers verbunden ist.7) Reactor according to claim 6 with a coal distributor plate which is attached to a vertical shaft connected to a drive, characterized in that the distributor surface is connected to the shaft of the coal distributor plate.
EP82200154A 1981-03-05 1982-02-11 Reactor for gasifying solid fuels Expired EP0059991B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19813108213 DE3108213A1 (en) 1981-03-05 1981-03-05 METHOD AND REACTOR FOR GASIFYING SOLID FUELS
DE3108213 1981-03-05

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EP0059991A1 true EP0059991A1 (en) 1982-09-15
EP0059991B1 EP0059991B1 (en) 1984-07-11

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Cited By (2)

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GB2167432A (en) * 1984-11-27 1986-05-29 Sasol Operations Pty Ltd Gasification of coal
DE4226015C1 (en) * 1992-08-06 1994-01-13 Schwarze Pumpe Energiewerke Ag Process for the disposal of solid and liquid waste in the gasification process in fixed bed pressure gasification

Families Citing this family (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3245567C2 (en) * 1982-12-09 1985-04-18 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Process for gasifying carbonaceous agglomerates in a fixed bed
US4764184A (en) * 1986-01-10 1988-08-16 Sasol Operations (Proprietary) Limited Apparatus for the gasification of coal
US20070163939A1 (en) * 2006-01-13 2007-07-19 Field George R Distributor for water conditioner
CN112126468A (en) * 2020-08-12 2020-12-25 山东信科环境科学研究院有限公司 Differential rotating bed continuous feeding biomass gasification furnace

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DE1021116B (en) * 1952-03-03 1957-12-19 Metallgesellschaft Ag Gas generator for gasifying baking fuels
GB927810A (en) * 1960-12-13 1963-06-06 Exxon Research Engineering Co Improved fuel conversion process
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US4643109A (en) * 1984-11-27 1987-02-17 Sasol Operations (Proprietary) Limited Gasification of coal
DE4226015C1 (en) * 1992-08-06 1994-01-13 Schwarze Pumpe Energiewerke Ag Process for the disposal of solid and liquid waste in the gasification process in fixed bed pressure gasification

Also Published As

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ZA82568B (en) 1982-12-29
DE3260342D1 (en) 1984-08-16
EP0059991B1 (en) 1984-07-11
US4426809A (en) 1984-01-24
DE3108213A1 (en) 1982-09-16

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