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EP0108234A2 - Process and plant for gasifying residues from the coal hydroliquefaction and/or from the heavy oil hydrogenation in a fluidized or entrained bed reactor - Google Patents

Process and plant for gasifying residues from the coal hydroliquefaction and/or from the heavy oil hydrogenation in a fluidized or entrained bed reactor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0108234A2
EP0108234A2 EP83109619A EP83109619A EP0108234A2 EP 0108234 A2 EP0108234 A2 EP 0108234A2 EP 83109619 A EP83109619 A EP 83109619A EP 83109619 A EP83109619 A EP 83109619A EP 0108234 A2 EP0108234 A2 EP 0108234A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
residues
gasification
plant
cooling section
coal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP83109619A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0108234A3 (en
Inventor
Günter Dr.-Ing. Dipl.-Chem. Ritter
Uwe Dr.Rer.Nat.Dipl.Chem. Lenz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheinbraun AG
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Rheinische Braunkohlenwerke AG
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Publication of EP0108234A2 publication Critical patent/EP0108234A2/en
Publication of EP0108234A3 publication Critical patent/EP0108234A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/463—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension in stationary fluidised beds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/006—Combinations of processes provided in groups C10G1/02 - C10G1/08
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/466—Entrained flow processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/50—Fuel charging devices
    • C10J3/503—Fuel charging devices for gasifiers with stationary fluidised bed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/50—Fuel charging devices
    • C10J3/506—Fuel charging devices for entrained flow gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/54—Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/54—Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
    • C10J3/56—Apparatus; Plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093—Coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0966—Hydrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0969—Carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water
    • C10J2300/0976—Water as steam
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C10J2300/1884—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being synthesis gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C10J2300/1892—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being water/steam

Definitions

  • the invention has for its object to carry out the introduction of hydrogenation residues in a carburetor so that the aforementioned difficulties are avoided.
  • the hydrogenation residues it should be possible to introduce them into a carburetor in such a way that the necessary supply lines and associated devices remain operational.
  • the means used for this should be simple and less prone to failure.
  • the invention proposes that the finely ground residues are conveyed through a cooling section into the carburetor with the aid of a conveying gas.
  • a grain size is obtained which is particularly suitable for gasification in gasification reactors of the type mentioned.
  • the finely ground residues can be stored in storage containers of the usual type without difficulty and special effort over longer periods and in sufficient quantities.
  • the conveyance with the aid of a conveying gas from the storage container has, in addition to the transport effect, also the advantage of a certain, albeit limited, cooling effect.
  • the conveying gas When flowing through the cooling section, the conveying gas ensures a good swirling of the residues up to the immediate vicinity of the feed into the gasification reactor, which ensures that the cooling along the cooling section essentially covers all residue particles evenly, so that caking and sticking of the pipelines are avoided.
  • grinding the residues to grain sizes below 2 mm has proven to be particularly suitable.
  • the cooling section is advantageously designed as a water cooling system.
  • the inlet of the cooling water is conveniently located near the gasification reactor, while the outlet should be located at the end of the cooling section facing away from it.
  • the cooling section advantageously surrounds the supply line for the residues over its entire circumference and extends at least to the vicinity of the outer wall of the reactor, if not through its insulating jacket, at least as far as the inner wall thereof.
  • This configuration of the cooling section ensures that the softening temperature of the residues before they occur in their area where this is no longer harmful is not exceeded and the cooling of the residues takes place to some extent evenly. In this way it can be achieved without great effort that the feed lines do not stick together and are not added.
  • a major advantage of the invention is that the cooling device can be retrofitted to existing gasification devices without difficulty.
  • the gasification process is also regulated with regard to the product gas generated.
  • nitrogen (N 2 ) or carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) or air can be used as the conveying gas, these gases possibly also participating in the gasification reaction insofar as they, such as carbon dioxide and air, are of their chemical nature are suitable here.
  • the amount of the required conveying gas is small in comparison to the gas throughputs in the fluidized bed and does not interfere with the processes in the gasification reactor. In any case, it can be dosed so precisely with simple means that, on the one hand, the flow rate can be maintained and, on the other hand, undesirable influences on the processes in the gasification reactor can be excluded with certainty.
  • the entry point for. B. inclination to the horizontal and / or tangential blowing, immediate mixing of the hydrogenation residues can be achieved with the reaction material present in the gasifier.
  • cooling section is designed as water cooling has proven to be very simple and less susceptible to faults. The latter enables the temperature in the interior of the cooling section to be regulated very simply as long as the water is kept below the evaporation temperature. In addition, water cooling offers the well-known advantages of great operational reliability with simple handling.
  • the reservoir for the residues is expediently provided with a shut-off device at its outlet, so that the residues can be fed to the gasification process in the gasification reactor in a simple manner depending on the respective absorption capacity of the same and other factors to be taken into account.
  • the gasification reactor has an essentially cylindrical housing 1, through which gasification agent flows from bottom to top in the direction of arrows 2 and 2, that is to say in the direction of its longitudinal axis.
  • gasification agent flows from bottom to top in the direction of arrows 2 and 2, that is to say in the direction of its longitudinal axis.
  • this will essentially be oxygen-containing gases, steam and carbon dioxide, and in the case of an HKV reactor, it will mainly be hydrogen.
  • the gasification of the carbon-containing materials takes place within a fluidized bed 4 and a downstream post-reaction space 14.
  • a feed line 5 for the hydrogenation residues 6 enters laterally into the gasifier 1.
  • the latter are stored in a storage container 7 in finely ground form and fed into the feed line 5 via a shut-off element 8.
  • the supply line 5 acted upon by a conveying gas in the direction of arrow 9, which detects the residues below the point of application of the shut-off element 8 and conveys it through a cooling section 10 into the gasification reactor 1.
  • the cooling section 10 extends in the immediate vicinity of the carburetor 1 and has two connections 11 and 12 via which the cooling water is fed in or out. It surrounds the supply line 5 on all sides, which in turn also has a shut-off and throttle element (not shown) for the conveying gas 9.
  • the length of the cooling section is at least 5 times, at most 20 times, preferably 10 times. It is particularly advantageous to arrange the connection 11 for the cooling water in the vicinity of the housing of the reactor 1, while the connection 12 for the return of the cooling water is provided on the side facing away from the reactor. It is thereby achieved that the residues 6 conveyed in the feed line 5 are heated uniformly and not too strongly.
  • the cooling water throughput depends on the volume of the cooling section and on the temperature of the reactor 1 and the amount of the residues 6 which are conveyed.
  • the cooling water supply and temperature maintenance are regulated by conventional organs.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

The finely ground residues are conveyed in the solid state by means of a carrier gas from a stock tank through a cooling section into the gasifier. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Rückstände aus der Schwerölhydrierunq und aus der hydrierenden Verflüssigung von Kohle sind, obwohl insbesondere letztere Aschegehalte zwischen 10 und 70% aufweisen, im allgemeinen sehr kohlenstoffreich und daher für eine weitere Verwendung gut geeignet. Sie liegen üblicherweise bei Raumtemperatur in fester Form vor und sind in Aussehen und Erscheinungsform vergleichbar mit den üblichen Bitumenbrocken, die zum Straßenbau und zum Dachdecken-verwendet werden. Bisher konnten diese Rückstände jedoch in größerem Umfang nicht verwendet werden, abgesehen von einigen speziellen Einzelfällen, die jedoch nicht ausreichen, um die insgesamt anfallenden Rückstandsmengen einer sinnvollen Nutzung zuzuführen. Die sich aufgrund des Kohlenstoffgehaltes der Rückstände an sich anbietende Möglichkeit der Vergasung begegnete ebenfalls Schwierigkeiten, die insbesondere darauf zurückzuführen sind, daß in den üblichen Vergasern normalerweise Temperaturen von mehr als 800° C vorhanden sind. Es ist außerordentlich schwierig, wenn nicht sogar unmöglich, bei derartigen Temperaturen die Rückstände in die Vergasungsapparatur einzubringen. Dies liegt im wesentlichen daran, daß die Hydrierrückstände einen Erweichungspunkt im Bereich zwischen 100 bis 200° C aufweisen; bei Temperaturen oberhalb 350° C setzt bereits die Verkokung ein. Diese Temperaturen liegen so niedrig, daß sie das Einführen von Hydrierrückständen in einen Vergaser außerordentlich erschweren, da in unmittelbarer Umgebung des Vergasers zwangsläufig Temperaturen herrschen, die zur Erweichung der Hydrierrückstände führen, bevor diese den eigentlichen Vergaser erreichen. Dies hat zur Folge, daß die Zuführungsleitungen, Düsen und sonstige damit in Zuammenhang stehenden Einrichtungen verklebt und verstopft werden. ö'The residues from heavy oil hydrogenation and from the hydrogenating liquefaction of coal, although the latter in particular have ash contents between 10 and 70%, are generally very high in carbon and are therefore well suited for further use. They are usually in solid form at room temperature and are comparable in appearance and appearance to the usual chunks of bitumen used for road construction and roofing. So far, however, these residues could not be used to a large extent, apart from a few special individual cases, which, however, are not sufficient to make a reasonable use of the total residue amounts. The possibility of gasification due to the carbon content of the residues also encountered difficulties, which can be attributed in particular to the fact that temperatures of more than 800 ° C. are normally present in the conventional gasifiers. It is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to introduce the residues into the gasification apparatus at such temperatures. This is essentially due to the fact that the hydrogenation residues have a softening point in the range between 100 and 200 ° C .; coking begins at temperatures above 350 ° C. These temperatures are so low that they make it extremely difficult to introduce hydrogenation residues into a gasifier, since in the immediate vicinity of the Carburetor inevitably prevail temperatures that lead to the softening of the hydrogenation residues before they reach the actual carburetor. The result of this is that the feed lines, nozzles and other devices connected therewith are glued and clogged. ö '

Demzufolge liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, das Eintragen von Hydrierrückständen in einen Vergaser so durchzuführen, daß die vorerwähnten Schwierigkeiten vermieden werden. Trotz des niedrigen Erweichungspunktes der Hydrierrückstände soll es möglich sein, diese in einen Vergaser so einzuführen, daß die erforderlichen Zuführungsleitungen und zugehörige Einrichtungen betriebsbereit bleiben. Die dazu verwendeten Mittel sollen einfach und wenig störanfällig sein.Accordingly, the invention has for its object to carry out the introduction of hydrogenation residues in a carburetor so that the aforementioned difficulties are avoided. Despite the low softening point of the hydrogenation residues, it should be possible to introduce them into a carburetor in such a way that the necessary supply lines and associated devices remain operational. The means used for this should be simple and less prone to failure.

Zur Lösung dieser Augabe schlägt die Erfindung vor, daß die feingemahlenen Rückstände mit Hilfe eines Fördergases durch eine Kühlstrecke hindurch in den Vergaser gefördert werden. Mit der Feinmahlung der Rückstände erhält man zugleich eine Korngrösse, die sich für die Vergasung in Vergasungsreaktoren der erwähnten Art besonders eignet. Außerdem können die feingemahlenen Rückstände in Vorratsbehältern der üblichen Art ohne Schwierigkeiten und besonderen Aufwand über längere Zeiträume und in ausreichenden Mengen gelagert werden. Die Förderung mit Hilfe eines Fördergases aus dem Vorratsbehälter heraus hat neben der Transportwirkung gleichzeitig auch den Vorteil einer gewissen, wenn auch begrenzten Kühlwirkung. Beim Durchströmen der Kühlstrecke sorgt das Fördergas für eine gute Durchwirbelung der Rückstände bis in unmittelbarer Nähe der Einspeisung in den Vergasungsreaktor, wodurch gewährleistet ist, daß die Kühlung entlang der Kühlstrecke im wesentlichen alle Rückstandsteilchen gleichmäßig erfaßt, so daß Anbackungen und Verklebungen der Rohrleitungen vermieden werden. Für Förderung und Vergasung hat sich das Aufmahlen der Rückstände auf Korngrößen unterhalb von 2 mm als besonders geeignet erwiesen.To solve this issue, the invention proposes that the finely ground residues are conveyed through a cooling section into the carburetor with the aid of a conveying gas. With the fine grinding of the residues, a grain size is obtained which is particularly suitable for gasification in gasification reactors of the type mentioned. In addition, the finely ground residues can be stored in storage containers of the usual type without difficulty and special effort over longer periods and in sufficient quantities. The conveyance with the aid of a conveying gas from the storage container has, in addition to the transport effect, also the advantage of a certain, albeit limited, cooling effect. When flowing through the cooling section, the conveying gas ensures a good swirling of the residues up to the immediate vicinity of the feed into the gasification reactor, which ensures that the cooling along the cooling section essentially covers all residue particles evenly, so that caking and sticking of the pipelines are avoided. For Conveying and gasification, grinding the residues to grain sizes below 2 mm has proven to be particularly suitable.

Vorteilhaft ist die Kühlstrecke als Wasserkühlung ausgeführt. Der Einlauf des Kühlwassers befindet sich zweckmäßig in der Nähe des Vergasungsreaktors, während der Auslauf am davon abgekehrten Ende der Kühlstrecke angebracht sein sollte. Vorteilhaft umgibt die Kühlstrecke die Zuführungsleitung für die Rückstände auf deren ganzem Umfang und reicht wenigstens bis in die Nähe der Außenwand des Reaktors, wenn nicht gar durch dessen Isoliermantel hindurch, und zwar wenigstens bis an die-Innenwand desselben. Durch diese Ausgestaltung der Kühlstrecke ist gewährleistet, daß die Erweichunstemperatur der Rückstände vor deren Eintreten in deren Bereich, wo dies nicht mehr schädlich ist, nicht überschritten wird und die Kühlung der Rückstände einigermaßen gleichmäßig erfolgt. Auf diese Weise ist ohne großen Aufwand erreichbar, daß die Zuführungsleitungen nicht verkleben und zugesetzt werden. Ein wesentlicher Vorteil der Erfindung besteht auch darin, daß die Kühlvorrichtung ohne Schwierigkeien nachträglich an bereits vorhandenen Vergasungseinrichtungen angebracht werden kann.The cooling section is advantageously designed as a water cooling system. The inlet of the cooling water is conveniently located near the gasification reactor, while the outlet should be located at the end of the cooling section facing away from it. The cooling section advantageously surrounds the supply line for the residues over its entire circumference and extends at least to the vicinity of the outer wall of the reactor, if not through its insulating jacket, at least as far as the inner wall thereof. This configuration of the cooling section ensures that the softening temperature of the residues before they occur in their area where this is no longer harmful is not exceeded and the cooling of the residues takes place to some extent evenly. In this way it can be achieved without great effort that the feed lines do not stick together and are not added. A major advantage of the invention is that the cooling device can be retrofitted to existing gasification devices without difficulty.

Gemäß einem weiteren Vorschlag der Erfindung kann es vorteilhaft sein, die Rückstände nicht allein, sondern vielmehr zusammen mit anderen üblichen kohlenstoffhaltigen Substanzen, z. B. Stein- oder Braunkohle zu vergasen. Dabei kann so vorgegangen werden, daß die Zufuhr der Rückstände und der Kohle alternativ erfolgt. Es ist aber auch möglich, die Rückstände und die anderen zu vergasenden Sustanzen gleichzeitig zuzuführen. Eine gemeinsame Zuführung erscheint nicht zweckmäßig, da im allgemeinen Steinkohle und Braunkohle ohne Kühlung in den Reaktor eingeführt werden können.According to a further proposal of the invention, it may be advantageous not to remove the residues alone, but rather together with other customary carbon-containing substances, e.g. B. gasify coal or lignite. The procedure can be such that the residues and the coal are supplied alternatively. However, it is also possible to supply the residues and the other substances to be gasified at the same time. A common feed does not appear expedient since hard coal and lignite can generally be introduced into the reactor without cooling.

Im übrigen kann durch die Einstellung des Verhältnisses zwischen Hydrierrückstand einerseits und den anderen zu vergasenden Produkten andererseits auch eine Regelung des Vergasungsverfahrens im Hinblick auf das erzeugte Produktgas erfolgen.Otherwise, by adjusting the ratio Between the hydrogenation residue on the one hand and the other products to be gasified, on the other hand, the gasification process is also regulated with regard to the product gas generated.

Es hat sich als besonders zweckmäßig erwiesen, die Vergasung der Rückstände in einem Hochtemperatur-Winkler-Vergaser (HTW) durchzuführen. Es ist aber auch möglich, die Rückstände in einem Hydrierenden-Kohle-Vergaser (HKV) zu vergasen. Insbesondere beim Hochtemperatur-Winkler-Vergaser wird ein hoher Vergasungsgrad erreicht, so daß im wesentlichen nur noch die Asche als Rückstand verbleibt, die ohne Schwierigkeiten ausgetragen werden kann.It has proven particularly expedient to carry out the gasification of the residues in a high-temperature Winkler gasifier (HTW). However, it is also possible to gasify the residues in a hydrating coal gasifier (HKV). In the high-temperature Winkler gasifier in particular, a high degree of gasification is achieved, so that essentially only the ash remains as residue, which can be discharged without difficulty.

Gemäß einem weiteren Vorschlag der Erfindung kann als Fördergas Stickstoff (N2) oder Kohlendioxid (C02) oder Luft verwendet werden, wobei diese Gase ggf. mit an der Vergasungsreaktion teilnehmen, soweit sie dazu, wie beispielsweise Kohlendioxid und Luft, von ihrer chemischen Beschaffenheit her geeignet sind. Die Menge des benötigten Fördergases ist im Vergleich zu den Gasdurchsätzen im Wirbelbet gering und wirkt sich auf die Vorgänge im Vergasungsreaktor nicht störend aus. Jedenfalls kann sie mit einfachen Mitteln so feinfühlig dosiert werden, daß zum einen der Förderstrom aufrechterhalten und zum anderen unerwünschte Einflüsse auf die Vorgänge im Vergasungsreaktor mit Sicherheit ausgeschlossen werden können. Bei entsprechender Auslegung und Anordnung der Eintragstelle, z. B. Neigung gegenüber der Horizontalen und/oder tangentiales Einblasen, kann eine sofortige Durchmischung der eingetragenen Hydrierrückstände mit dem im Vergaser vorhandenen Reaktionsgut erreicht werden.According to a further proposal of the invention, nitrogen (N 2 ) or carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) or air can be used as the conveying gas, these gases possibly also participating in the gasification reaction insofar as they, such as carbon dioxide and air, are of their chemical nature are suitable here. The amount of the required conveying gas is small in comparison to the gas throughputs in the fluidized bed and does not interfere with the processes in the gasification reactor. In any case, it can be dosed so precisely with simple means that, on the one hand, the flow rate can be maintained and, on the other hand, undesirable influences on the processes in the gasification reactor can be excluded with certainty. With appropriate interpretation and arrangement of the entry point, for. B. inclination to the horizontal and / or tangential blowing, immediate mixing of the hydrogenation residues can be achieved with the reaction material present in the gasifier.

Als sehr einfach und wenig störanfällig hat sich eine Ausführung herausgestellt, bei welcher die Kühlstrecke als Wasserkühlung ausgebildet ist. Durch letztere ist eine sehr einfache Regelung der Temperatur im Inneren der Kühlstrecke möglich, solange das Wasser unterhalb der Verdampfungstemperatur gehalten wird. Daneben bietet eine Wasserkühlung die bekannten Voreile großer Betriebssicherheit bei einfacher Handhabung.An embodiment in which the cooling section is designed as water cooling has proven to be very simple and less susceptible to faults. The latter enables the temperature in the interior of the cooling section to be regulated very simply as long as the water is kept below the evaporation temperature. In addition, water cooling offers the well-known advantages of great operational reliability with simple handling.

Zweckmäßigerweise ist der Vorratsbehälter für die Rückstände an seinem Ausgang mit einem Absperrorgan versehen, so daß die Rückstände auf einfache Art und Weise dem Vergasungsvorgang im Vergasungsreaktor in Abhängigkeit von der jeweilige Aufnahmefähigkeit desselben und sonstiger zu berücksichtigeder Gegebenheiten zugeführt werden können.The reservoir for the residues is expediently provided with a shut-off device at its outlet, so that the residues can be fed to the gasification process in the gasification reactor in a simple manner depending on the respective absorption capacity of the same and other factors to be taken into account.

In der Zeichnung ist im Schema ein Vergasungsreaktor mit zugehörigen Einrichtungen dargestellt.In the drawing, a gasification reactor with associated facilities is shown in the diagram.

Der Vergasungsreaktor weist ein im wesentlichen zylindrisches Gehäuse 1 auf, welches in Richtung der Pfeile 2 und 2, also in Richtung seiner Längsachse, von Vergasungsmittel von unten nach oben durchströmt wird. Im Falle eines HTW-Reaktors wird es sich dabei im wesentlichen um sauerstoffhaltige Gase, Dampf und Kohlendioxid, im Falle eines HKV-Reaktors überwiegend um Wasserstoff handeln. Im Inneren des Vergasers 1 findet die Vergasung der kohlenstoffhaltigen Materialien innerhalb einer Wirbelschicht 4 und eines nachgeschalteten Nachreaktionsraumes 14 statt.The gasification reactor has an essentially cylindrical housing 1, through which gasification agent flows from bottom to top in the direction of arrows 2 and 2, that is to say in the direction of its longitudinal axis. In the case of an HTW reactor, this will essentially be oxygen-containing gases, steam and carbon dioxide, and in the case of an HKV reactor, it will mainly be hydrogen. In the interior of the gasifier 1, the gasification of the carbon-containing materials takes place within a fluidized bed 4 and a downstream post-reaction space 14.

In den Vergaser 1 tritt seitlich eine Zuführungsleitung 5 für die Hydrierrückstände 6 ein. Letztere werden in einem Vorratsbehälter 7 in feingemahlener Form gespeichert und über ein Absperrorgan 8 in die Zuführungsleitung 5 eingespeist. Von ihrem freien Ende her wird die Zuführungsleitung 5 durch ein Fördergas in Richtung des Pfeiles 9 beaufschlagt, welches die Rückstände unterhalb der Aufgabestelle des Absperrorganes 8 erfaßt und durch eine Kühlstrecke 10 hindurch in den Vergasungsreaktor 1 fördert. Die Kühlstrecke 10 reicht bis in unmittelbare Nähe des Vergasers 1 und weist zwei Anschlüsse 11 und 12 auf, über die das Kühlwasser zu- bzw. abgeleitet wird. Sie umgibt die Zuführungsleitung 5 allseitig, die ihrerseits auch noch ein Absperr- und Drosselorgan (nicht dargestellt) für das Fördergas 9 aufweist. Im Verhältnis zum Durchmesser der Zuführungsleitung beträgt die Länge der Kühlstrecke mindestens das 5-, höchstens das 20-fache, vorzugsweise das 10-fache. Es ist besonders vorteilhaft, den Anschluß 11 für das Kühlwasser in der Nähe des Gehäuses des Reaktors 1 anzuordnen, während der Anschluß 12 für den Rücklauf des Kühlwassers an der dem Reaktor abgekehrten Seite vorgesehen ist. Dadurch wird erreicht, daß die in der Zuführungsleitung 5 geförderten Rückstände 6 gleichmäßig und nicht zu stark erwärmt werden. Der Kühlwasserdurchsatz richtet sich nach dem Volumen der Kühlstrecke sowie nach der Temperatur des Reaktors 1 und der Menge der geförderten Rückstände 6. Die Kühlwasserzufuhr und Temperaturhaltung werden über übliche Organe geregelt.A feed line 5 for the hydrogenation residues 6 enters laterally into the gasifier 1. The latter are stored in a storage container 7 in finely ground form and fed into the feed line 5 via a shut-off element 8. From its free end, the supply line 5 acted upon by a conveying gas in the direction of arrow 9, which detects the residues below the point of application of the shut-off element 8 and conveys it through a cooling section 10 into the gasification reactor 1. The cooling section 10 extends in the immediate vicinity of the carburetor 1 and has two connections 11 and 12 via which the cooling water is fed in or out. It surrounds the supply line 5 on all sides, which in turn also has a shut-off and throttle element (not shown) for the conveying gas 9. In relation to the diameter of the feed line, the length of the cooling section is at least 5 times, at most 20 times, preferably 10 times. It is particularly advantageous to arrange the connection 11 for the cooling water in the vicinity of the housing of the reactor 1, while the connection 12 for the return of the cooling water is provided on the side facing away from the reactor. It is thereby achieved that the residues 6 conveyed in the feed line 5 are heated uniformly and not too strongly. The cooling water throughput depends on the volume of the cooling section and on the temperature of the reactor 1 and the amount of the residues 6 which are conveyed. The cooling water supply and temperature maintenance are regulated by conventional organs.

Claims (10)

1. Verfahren zur Vergasung von Rückständen aus der hydrie- ; renden Verflüssigung von Kohle und/oder von Rückständen aus der Schwerölhydrierung in einem Wirbelbett-oder Flugstromvergaser, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die feingemahlenen ; Rückstände (6) mit Hilfe eines Fördergases (9) aus einem Vorratsbehälter (7) heraus durch eine Kühlstrecke (10) hindurch in den Vergaser (1) gefördert werden.1. Process for the gasification of residues from the hydrie; Renden liquefaction of coal and / or residues from heavy oil hydrogenation in a fluidized bed or entrained flow gasifier, characterized in that the finely ground; Residues (6) are conveyed out of a storage container (7) with the aid of a conveying gas (9) through a cooling section (10) into the carburetor (1). 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rückstände (6) auf Korngrößen <2 mm feingemahlen sind.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the residues (6) are finely ground to grain sizes <2 mm. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Temperatur am.Ausgang (12) der Kühlstrecke (10) ≤ 100° C beträgt.3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature at the output (12) of the cooling section (10) is ≤ 100 ° C. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zufuhr (8) der Rückstände (6) abschaltbar ist.4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the supply (8) of the residues (6) can be switched off. 5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rückstände (6) zusammen mit anderen Kohlenstoffträgern, z. B. Steinkohle oder Braunkohle vergast werden.5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the residues (6) together with other carbon carriers, for. B. hard coal or lignite. 6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wirbelbettvergasung in einem Hochtemperatur-Winkler-Vergaser (HTW) oder einem Hydrierenden-Kohle-Vergaser (HKV) erfolgt.6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fluidized bed gasification takes place in a high-temperature Winkler carburetor (HTW) or a hydrogenating coal carburetor (HKV). 7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Fördergas Stickstoff (N2) oder Kohlendioxid (CO2) oder Luft verwendet werden, die ggf. an der Vergasungsreaktion mit teilnehmen.7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that nitrogen (N 2 ) or carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) or air are used as the conveying gas, which may also participate in the gasification reaction. 8. Anlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kühlstrecke (10) unmittelbar am Vergasungsreaktor (1) endet bzw. wenigstens über die Dicke von dessen Isolierschicht in : diesen hineinreicht und die Zuführungsleituang (5) für die . Rückstände (6) allseitig umgibt.8. Plant for performing the method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the cooling section (10) ends directly at the gasification reactor (1) or at least over the thickness of its insulating layer in: this extends and the supply line (5) for the . Residues (6) surrounds on all sides. 9. Anlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kühlstrecke (10) mit einer Wasserkühlung versehen ist.9. Plant for performing the method according to claim 8, characterized in that the cooling section (10) is provided with water cooling. 10. Anlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Vorratsbehälter (7) an seinem Ausgang ein Absperrorgan (8) aufweist.10. Plant for performing the method according to claim 8, characterized in that the storage container (7) has a shut-off device (8) at its outlet.
EP83109619A 1982-11-02 1983-09-27 Process and plant for gasifying residues from the coal hydroliquefaction and/or from the heavy oil hydrogenation in a fluidized or entrained bed reactor Withdrawn EP0108234A3 (en)

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DE3240384 1982-11-02
DE19823240384 DE3240384A1 (en) 1982-11-02 1982-11-02 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR GASIFYING RESIDUES FROM THE HYDRATING LIQUIDATION OF COAL IN A FLUID BED OR FLOW CURRENT CARBURETTOR

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EP0108234A3 EP0108234A3 (en) 1985-05-02

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0545387A1 (en) * 1991-12-03 1993-06-09 A. Ahlstrom Corporation Method and apparatus for gasifying or combusting solid carbonaceous material
DE102013107592A1 (en) * 2013-07-17 2015-01-22 Thyssenkrupp Industrial Solutions Ag A process for gasifying carbonaceous solids with gaseous, oxygen-containing gasification agents in a fluidized bed gas process in a gasifier, especially in a high temperature Winkler gasifier

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61236895A (en) * 1985-04-15 1986-10-22 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Gasifier
JPH0633371B2 (en) * 1986-03-10 1994-05-02 住友金属工業株式会社 Pretreatment method for gasification of coal liquefaction residue

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US2577632A (en) * 1946-08-27 1951-12-04 Standard Oil Dev Co Process for supplying plasticizable carbonaceous solids into a gasification zone
DE2643298A1 (en) * 1976-09-25 1978-04-06 Davy Bamag Gmbh Continuous gasification of solid fuel in fluidised bed - with feeding of the fuel in a carrier gas stream
US4248605A (en) * 1979-07-30 1981-02-03 Conoco, Inc. Gasification of coal liquefaction residues
DE3136645A1 (en) * 1981-09-16 1983-03-24 Bergwerksverband Gmbh, 4300 Essen METHOD FOR DOSING, IN PARTICULAR BAKING, FUELS IN A FLUIDIZED LAYER REACTOR, AND METHOD FOR OPERATING SUCH A DEVICE

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0545387A1 (en) * 1991-12-03 1993-06-09 A. Ahlstrom Corporation Method and apparatus for gasifying or combusting solid carbonaceous material
DE102013107592A1 (en) * 2013-07-17 2015-01-22 Thyssenkrupp Industrial Solutions Ag A process for gasifying carbonaceous solids with gaseous, oxygen-containing gasification agents in a fluidized bed gas process in a gasifier, especially in a high temperature Winkler gasifier
DE102013107592B4 (en) 2013-07-17 2023-03-23 Gidara Energy B.V. Process for the gasification of solids containing carbon with gaseous, oxygen-containing gasification agents in a fluidized bed gas process in a high-temperature Winkler gasifier

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