DE60003806T2 - PRESS FOR THE TREATMENT OF PIECE OF GOODS, ESPECIALLY WASTE OR WASTE WITH A FRACTION FROM PRESSURE CRABBLE GOODS - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a press for the treatment of materials such as refuse or waste which are divided into pieces, comprising an extrusion chamber (5) which is pierced by radial extrusion orifices, a pressure piston (19) which is adapted in such a way that it can be deployed in the extrusion chamber (5) until a predetermined pressure is obtained, a moveable obturator which is adapted in such a way that it can move alternately between a position in which it obturates the surface of the extrusion chamber (5) opposite the pressure piston (19), wherein it rests against an element (1) of the frame of the press, and a position in which it opens said surface, in addition to means (17,18) for axial displacement of the extrusion chamber (5) along the pressure piston which is disposed in a position of deployment between a sealing position in which said extrusion chamber is placed against the obturator (21) and an extraction position in which it is displaced axially at a given distance from the obturator.

Description

The invention relates to a press for the treatment of lumpy Good, especially waste or garbage with a fraction of material that can flow under the influence of pressure.

• – eine auf einem Rahmen montierte Extrusionskammer mit einer Längsachse (x), einerseits an ihren beiden Enden geöffnet gemäß Querschnitten, die zwei gegenüberliegende koaxiale Flächen definieren, eine stromaufwärtige Fläche für den Eintritt von Gut und eine stromabwärtige Fläche, und andererseits an ihrer Peripherie von Extrusionslöchern durchbohrt,
• – Mittel zum Speisen der Extrusionskammer, die so gestaltet sind, dass sie eine Menge Gut ins Innere der genannten Extrusionskammer durch die stromaufwärtige Fläche derselben zuführen,
• – Mittel zum Komprimieren von Gut, das sich in der Extrusionskammer befindet, die so gestaltet sind, dass sie dieses unter Bedingungen komprimieren, die geeignet sind, durch Extrusion das fließfähige Gut daraus zu extrahieren und eine feste komprimierte Fraktion zu bilden, wobei die genannten Kompressionsmittel einen Kolben, Vordrückerkolben genannt, koaxial zur Achse (x) der Extrusionskammer umfassen, der mit den Betätigungsmitteln verbunden ist, um den Vordrückerkolben zwischen einer zurückgezogenen Position, in der er die Extrusionskammer freigibt, und einer Einrückposition zu verschieben, in der er in die genannte Extrusionskammer vordringt, bis ein vorbestimmter Druck erreicht ist,
• – und Mittel zum Extrahieren der festen komprimierten Fraktion in der Extrusionskammer.

Today there are numerous types of presses for the treatment of lumpy goods such as waste or garbage, with which this good can be recycled. Such presses are described in particular in patents FR 2 577 167, US-4 208 188, EP-563 173 and essentially comprise the following:

• - A frame-mounted extrusion chamber with a longitudinal axis (x), open at both ends on the one hand according to cross sections that define two opposing coaxial surfaces, an upstream surface for the entry of material and a downstream surface, and on the other at its periphery of extrusion holes pierced,
• Means for feeding the extrusion chamber, which are designed in such a way that they feed a lot of material into the interior of said extrusion chamber through the upstream surface thereof
• Means for compressing material located in the extrusion chamber which are designed to compress it under conditions which are suitable for extracting the flowable material therefrom by extrusion and for forming a solid compressed fraction, said compression means comprise a plunger, called a plunger, coaxial with the axis (x) of the extrusion chamber, which is connected to the actuating means to move the plunger between a retracted position in which it releases the extrusion chamber and an engagement position in which it moves into said Extrusion chamber penetrates until a predetermined pressure is reached,
• - And means for extracting the solid compressed fraction in the extrusion chamber.

The advantage of such presses is in the fact that they allow it, for example with garbage, that fermentable material consisting essentially of biomass, and the combustible good, which has a low relative humidity, from each other to separate.

In fact it is for the sake of them very low relative humidity and the absence of biomass possible, the combustible fraction resulting from the compression process a profitable combustion in known ovens of the circulating To burn fluidized bed type under conditions that meet the combustion residue standards correspond. These ovens, in connection with steam generators, thus enable the production of superheated Steam, the calorific value of the combustible fraction of waste or Garbage optimally used becomes.

Furthermore, this can be flammable, moisture and biomass free fraction for unlimited Duration without any nuisance be stored, especially on heaps in the open air to be burned in times of very high energy consumption.

In addition, the fermentable Fraction that does not contain any non-fermentable material, in turn under optimal conditions are treated by known methods, especially through biological cultivation and fermentation for Production of compost, organic fertilizers or gases that Thermal energy can deliver.

The disadvantage of such a recovery process lies in the fact that the presses with high frequency Cycles high pressures can achieve have to, which in the long term lead to structural deformations of the presses mentioned unless these structures are very large. In practice these presses are now very heavy and voluminous assemblies with high cost over that also entail high maintenance and operating costs.

This is an example from an analysis of conventional Presses such as those shown in patents EP-563 173 and FR-2 577 167, which are in addition to the plunger have a loading piston with the task of moving through a raw product storage bunker to move, then to enter the extrusion chamber to at activity of the plunger to apply a back pressure.

According to this principle, the elements of the Frames exposed to the thrust of extrusion pressure very long, i.e. about 5 to 6 meters, so the structural elements must be measured very strongly, without however being able to guarantee that these elements can no longer deform.

Furthermore, the loading piston is a heavy one and expensive element because it has to perform very different functions which consist on the one hand of feeding the extrusion chamber, and in doing so it travels a long way on which there is little thrust exerts and on the other hand to apply the extrusion pressure in a very short time.

It also requires one Designing the provision of a hydraulic power unit that works simultaneously high output and big pressures reach and very common operations the hydraulic valves can withstand must, whose lifespan is therefore limited.

To overcome these drawbacks, a press was designed such as that described in European patent application EP-684117, comprising a turret in which three extrusion chambers are arranged, which are evenly distributed around the axis of said turret, and three respective stations for filling with raw material, for compressing this material, for extracting the kompri gated solid fraction, in front of which the extrusion chambers are passed one after the other by rotating the turret.

According to this principle, the length of the frame, which is subjected to the thrust of the extrusion pressure, advantageously be reduced. But this reduction is particularly means the realization of a heavy rotating element achieved what in practice a press with a relatively complex structure and high Prime cost results in high maintenance and operating costs Has.

It is an object of the present invention mentioned Disadvantages of current presses and a press with simplified Provide structure that compared a lighter construction with current presses and has low operating costs brings.

• – die Mittel zum Komprimieren des Verbundgutes ferner Folgendes umfassen:
• – eine bewegliche Verschlussvorrichtung zwischen der stromaufwärtigen Fläche der Extrusionskammer und einem Rahmenelement, verbunden mit Verschiebungsmitteln zum Verschieben der beweglichen Verschlussvorrichtung parallel zu der genannten stromaufwärtigen Fläche abwechselnd zwischen einer Verschlussposition, in der sie an dem genannten Rahmenelement anliegt, und einer Öffnungsposition der genannten Extrusionskammer,
• – die Betätigungsmittel des Vordrückerkolbens so gestaltet sind, dass das Ende des genannten Vordrückerkolbens in seiner zurückgezogenen Position im Innern der Extrusionskammer in der Nähe der stromabwärtigen Fläche derselben bleibt,
• – die Mittel zum Extrahieren der festen Gutfraktion Mittel zum axialen Verschieben der Extrusionskammer umfassen, um diese entlang des in seiner Einrückposition befindlichen Vordrückerkolbens zwischen einer Dichtungsposition, in der die stromaufwärtige Fläche der genannten Extrusionskammer an der Verschlussvorrichtung anliegt, und einer Extraktionsposition zu verschieben, in der die genannte stromaufwärtige Fläche axial um einen vorbestimmten Abstand von der genannten Verschlussvorrichtung entfernt ist.

For this purpose, the invention provides a press such as that described in the preamble mentioned above, which is characterized in that:

• - The means for compressing the composite material further comprise:
• A movable closure device between the upstream surface of the extrusion chamber and a frame element, connected to displacement means for displacing the movable closure device parallel to said upstream surface alternately between a closure position in which it rests on said frame element and an opening position of said extrusion chamber,
• The actuating means of the plunger are designed so that the end of said plunger remains in its retracted position inside the extrusion chamber near the downstream surface thereof,
• The means for extracting the solid good fraction comprise means for axially displacing the extrusion chamber in order to move it along the pushing piston in its engagement position between a sealing position in which the upstream surface of said extrusion chamber is in contact with the closure device and an extraction position in which said upstream surface is axially a predetermined distance from said closure device.

The basis of the invention Idea was realized with a press that is designed so that their functions of filling the extrusion chamber on the one hand and the compression and extraction of the compressed good, on the other hand, are completely separated, so that the high stress on the longest part of the press is reduced will, i.e. to the shop.

According to the invention, this is Separation achieved in that the press with a locking device is equipped to the area above to close the extrusion chamber when the material is compressed, so that the pressure exerted on this closure device on an element of the Frame reflected immediately next to the closure device mentioned becomes. So the length of the part of the frame that compensates for the effects of compression to an axial length limited by the extrusion chamber during its displacement is limited. With this concept, the length of the Structural elements that are exposed to high loads, as well Deformation risks of these elements can be significantly reduced, and consequently can far Lighter presses achieved with reduced own and operating costs become.

According to the invention, the Pressurization with a plunger piston that has to exert high forces, but only a short distance is covered. Furthermore thanks to the structure of the press, the end of the plunger will be constantly held inside the extrusion chamber so that any wear and shear problems of material to be extruded at the entrance and more conventional at the exit Pistons are turned off.

by the way the compressed fraction by means of an axial displacement of the extrusion chamber along the in its engagement position held plunger piston, and this shift may be due to the relatively light weight the extrusion chamber can be easily effected. Furthermore it should be noted that the extrusion chamber displacement means other than theirs Ejection function still have a sealing function for this extrusion chamber, because they are upstream area Hold down the locking device when pressurizing.

For this purpose, and also advantageously, and to perfect the seal, the press includes one the locking device one-story Ring seal with a diameter that corresponds to that of the upstream surface of the Extrusion chamber fits, and which is designed to be in the sealing position the same is compressed.

Thus goes from the design of the press according to the invention shows that the only function of the feed means by one can be of a type known per se (Piston, Archimedean water screw), feeding the extrusion chamber and that it is in no way involved in subsequent operations of the Pressurization and extraction are involved. This the feed means Functional limitation imposed advantageously causes the latter "relieved" by the fact that they no high powers need to generate or learn what the length of the elements of the frame, the forces of extrusion pressure are reduced by at least 2 meters.

The plunger also has advantageously a diameter that is smaller than the inner diameter the extrusion chamber, the downstream surface of said extrusion chamber from a one-story with her Wall is closed with a hole with a diameter is pierced, which matches that of the aforementioned plunger.

Because of Pascal's behavior the firmest pasty Good results from this differentiation of the diameters of the Vordrückerkolbens and the extrusion chamber a free space in which under the Effect of pressure the ejected Can spread well. Moreover the output of Well relieved from the extrusion chamber by the fact that this extrusion through the entirety of the extrusion openings and not just through the openings above the chamber, as is done with a piston with a diameter that matches that of the latter is.

This differentiation is also unnecessary of diameters machining the extrusion chamber for adjusting the piston. Finally, it prevents accelerated wear due to the presence of treated crop residues between the piston and Slide the wall of the extrusion chamber.

The pusher piston also advantageously has a domed one tail in the shape of a dome. Such a convex shape of the end of the plunger leave it to that at any moment, but mostly towards the end of the way, i.e. just before the final pressure is reached, a compression of the Remaining good can be achieved, so little Pascalsch, stronger in the middle than the circumference. With this arrangement a hike can be made the last pasty Good, the strongest connected to the rest, towards the openings and towards the free space between the piston and the Wall of the extrusion chamber can be facilitated.

It is also advantageous a removable jacket is provided around each hole of the extrusion chamber, said extrusion chamber having means for holding each the coats is equipped in their hole. Each hole also includes the extrusion chamber advantageously a reduction in the amount of the outer surface of the peripheral wall of said Extrusion chamber while each coat includes a waistband of a shape that is used in lowering the corresponding hole fits.

In addition, the funds include for holding the coats an annular apron in a form suitable for accommodating the extrusion chamber, pierced with radial holes, each in the radial extension of a hole of said extrusion chamber.

These arrangements maintain the extrusion chamber Coats, which is easy when worn or occluded by a hard body can be replaced. Furthermore, the material used can be slowed down for making the coats so chosen be able to withstand abrasion better than the steel for the extrusion chamber whose original Property the pressure resistance is.

Furthermore, the task of the annular apron does not exist only by holding the coats, so that when the mentioned apron is withdrawn, replaced can be but reinforces them also the border by forming a ferrule.

Every hole in this ring-shaped apron also has advantageously a frustoconical shape with a cross section, the towards the outer surface of the called annular apron increases, in a way to reduce "funnel-shaped" wear, which in practice is observed.

• – einen Füllbunker mit einem Ausgangsloch koaxial zur Achse (x), der durch einen Verbindungskanal mit dem Rahmen verbunden ist,
• – Mittel zum Leiten von Gut ins Innere der

According to an advantageous embodiment, the feed means of the extrusion chamber comprise the following:

• A filling bunker with an exit hole coaxial to the axis (x), which is connected to the frame by a connecting channel,
• - Means for guiding goods inside the

Extrusion chamber through the connecting channel.

According to this configuration and the fact addition that the carry-along generate or experience no internal pressure of the extrusion chamber they can not be adapted to the feed line, but can be smaller Have dimensions than this line. For this reason, therefore on the one hand shear off of goods at the entrance to the feed line or extrusion chamber and the disadvantages of excessive drilling of interfaces and avoid pollution of these interfaces.

According to another advantageous one The frame element consists of a flat wall parallel to the upstream area the extrusion chamber, which is designed to cover the bottom wall a track to lead the closure device forms, and that of one coaxial to the axis (x) Hole is pierced.

Furthermore, the closure device advantageously comprises a wall with a length which is greater than the diameter of the extrusion chamber, and has a length section which consists of a continuous wall surface which closes the upstream surface of said extrusion chamber during this closure and the compressive force of the plunger and of the extrusion chamber is reflected on the frame element, and forms a wall section which is pierced with a hole with dimensions that match those of the upstream surface, so that this can be positioned coaxially to the axis (x) in the opening position of the said closure device.

Such a closure device has such a shape that when it moves towards to their closure position with a lot of goods to be treated carry a volume, which is less than that of the hole in said closure device, because the way back of good after this take-away means already tamped the raw material batch have shorter is. Any amount of good that would remain in the hole would then in the next Cycle taken into the extrusion chamber primarily.

To shear off any The closure device has to favor the material to be treated about that also advantageously a rear contour section, the under consideration of Direction of displacement of said closure device from its open position has an oblique profile to its closed position, which in Direction of the frame element is inclined.

• – einen Ladekolben koaxial zur Extrusionskammer und mit einem Durchmesser, der kleiner ist als der der genannten Extrusionskammer, wobei der genannte Ladekolben so gestaltet ist, dass er sich zwischen einer zurückgezogenen Position, in der sich sein Ende in der Nähe einer Öffnung des Ladebunkers gegenüber der Ausgangsöffnung befindet, und einer Einrückendposition bewegt, in der er den Ladebunker, den Verbindungskanal, überquert und ein bestimmtes geringes Stück in die Extrusionskammer eindringt,
• – Mittel zum Betätigen des Ladekolbens,
• – und Mittel zum Führen des Ladekolbens in Längsrichtung.

As for the feed means of this press, and according to a first advantageous embodiment, the means for guiding material inside the extrusion chamber comprise the following:

• - A loading piston coaxial to the extrusion chamber and with a diameter which is smaller than that of said extrusion chamber, said loading piston being designed so that it is between a retracted position, in which its end near an opening of the loading bunker opposite the Is exit opening, and moved to an engagement end position in which it crosses the loading bunker, the connecting channel, and penetrates a certain small amount into the extrusion chamber,
• Means for actuating the loading piston,
• - And means for guiding the loading piston in the longitudinal direction.

Furthermore, and advantageously the means for longitudinal guidance of the Loading piston formed by the bottom wall of the loading bunker and point a section with a circular Cross section of a diameter to that of the loading piston mentioned fits.

In addition, and advantageously, include the means of actuation of the loading piston control means that control positioning of the end of said loading piston in its retracted position allow. This is made possible as will be better understood below Possibility of Regulating the withdrawn Position of the loading piston a variation in the amounts of to be treated Well according to the cycle and the desired Result.

• – eine Schnecke im Boden des Ladebunkers mit einem Ende, stromabwärtiges Ende genannt, das sich im Wesentlichen in derselben Ebene befindet wie das Rahmenelement,
• – Mittel, um die Schnecke in Drehung zu versetzen. Außerdem, und vorteilhafterweise, umfassen die Mittel zum Drehen der Schnecke Steuermittel, mit denen die Zahl der Umdrehungen geregelt werden kann, die die genannte Schnecke bei jedem Vorgang zum Speisen der Extrusionskammer durchführt. Das Ziel dieser Anordnung ist mit dem identisch, das die Regelung der zurückgezogenen Position des Ladekolbens vorsieht.

According to a second advantageous embodiment with regard to the feed means, the means for guiding the goods into the interior of the extrusion chamber comprise the following:

• A screw in the bottom of the loading hopper with one end, called the downstream end, which is essentially in the same plane as the frame element,
• - Means to cause the screw to rotate. In addition, and advantageously, the means for rotating the screw comprise control means with which the number of revolutions which the said screw performs during each operation for feeding the extrusion chamber can be regulated. The aim of this arrangement is identical to that which provides for the regulation of the retracted position of the loading piston.

According to another property The loading bunker and the extrusion chamber rest according to the invention two separate frames cast on a common base and are connected by the connection channel, said connection channel is formed from two longitudinal pieces, each one-story with the one and the other frame and be reunited with an elastic connector.

According to this arrangement, the Structures of two component parts, feed and extrusion devices, very different restrictions inferior, separated. Indeed, and especially because of the different Diameter between pistons and / or screw and cylinders their strict alignment is not a massive common construction more because of their length is necessarily more rigid and therefore heavier and more expensive.

• – Betätigen der Speisemittel der Extrusionskammer zum Füllen derselben mit einer bestimmten Menge an Verbundgut,
• – Betätigen der Mittel zum Verschieben der Verschlussvorrichtung, um diese in ihre Verschlussposition der Eintrittsfläche der Extrusionskammer zu bewegen,
• – Betätigen der Mittel zum axialen Verschieben der Extrusionskammer, um eine Anlagekraft der Eintrittsfläche derselben an der Verschlussvorrichtung auszuüben,
• – Einrücken des Vordrückerkolbens in die Extrusionskammer bis zum Erreichen eines vorbestimmten Enddrucks, mit dem die benötigte Kompression des Gutes erzielt wird,
• – Betätigen der Mittel zum axialen Verschieben der Extrusionskammer, um diese in ihre Extraktionsposition zu bewegen, um die feste komprimierte Fraktion auszuwerfen,
• – Betätigen der Mittel zum Verschieben der Verschlussvorrichtung, um diese in ihre Öffnungsposition zu bringen,
• – Betätigen der Mittel zum axialen Verschieben der Extrusionskammer, um diese in eine elastische Anlage an der Verschlussvorrichtung zu bewegen,
• – Zurückziehen des Vordrückerkolbens bis in seine zurückgezogene Position.

According to a further feature of the invention, the press comprises a control unit with the task of performing the following functional cycle starting from an initial position, in which the plunger piston is in its retracted position, the closure device is in its open position and the extrusion chamber is in contact with the aforementioned closure device with its upstream entry surface to condition:

• Actuating the feed means of the extrusion chamber to fill them with a certain amount of composite material,
• Actuating the means for displacing the closure device in order to move it into its closed position on the entry surface of the extrusion chamber,
• Actuating the means for axially displacing the extrusion chamber in order to exert a contact force of the entry surface thereof on the closure device,
• - pushing the plunger into the extrusion chamber until a predetermined final pressure is reached, with which the required compression of the material is achieved,
• - Actuate the means for axially displacing the extrusion chamber in order to extract them on position to eject the solid compressed fraction,
• Actuating the means for displacing the closure device in order to bring it into its open position,
• Actuation of the means for axially displacing the extrusion chamber in order to move it into an elastic abutment on the closure device,
• - Pull back the plunger to its retracted position.

Furthermore, and advantageously, comprises the control unit is a manual control with which a supplementary retreat of the plunger from his withdrawn Position can be brought to the end of the aforementioned plunger pull out of the extrusion chamber. This additional withdrawal of the Pusher piston allowed indeed an extraction with regard to the extrusion chamber their eventual disassembly.

In addition, the control unit advantageously a controllable unit that is designed so that the progression of the pressure increase, the value of the final pressure and the Holding period of the final pressure mentioned can be programmed. In in fact, certain results or properties are separate Good things depend on these parameters.

For this purpose, the controllable Unit of the press the choice of the pressure rise curve, e.g. through taxes the performance of the pumps of the hydraulic unit, as well as the choice of Final pressure and the holding time of this final pressure.

Depending on the good to be treated and the wished Properties for the two separate phases (extruded material and solid residue), progress is more or less fast and can be a or include several sequences that lead to the final pressure of the extrusion.

• – der Fortschritt der Druckzunahme sowie Höhe und Applikationsdauer des Extrusionsenddrucks tragen dazu bei, den Ertrag oder die Selektivität der Trennung des fließenden Gutes zu bestimmen.

This control leads in particular to the following options:

• - The progress of the pressure increase and the amount and duration of application of the final extrusion pressure help to determine the yield or the selectivity of the separation of the flowing material.

In fact, by choosing Between Press the to initiate the discharge of flowable goods sufficient, but no strong friction with the whole Generate existing solid materials, the discharge of the lightest fluid material, of the goods with the least solid compounds for which the Ultimate pressure does not have to be reached in order to expel it, relieved become.

This is the easiest liquid good in one piece pushed out, with no risk of being trapped inside micro voids that arose in the solids and prematurely due to a too fast Reaching a high pressure, a risk that for the liquid goods very associated with solids (e.g. through Impregnation).

The pressure rise curve can thus can be determined experimentally depending on the material to be treated.

The same applies to the choice of final pressure depending on the desired one Selectivity, i.e. if an unnecessary high pressure selected the specific costs will rise rapidly.

The final pressure determines the dryness the solid residue, the more or less desired can be, especially in the case where the residue after extrusion stored and / or used as fuel.

Other properties, goals and Advantages of the invention will appear from the following detailed Description with reference to the accompanying drawings, the exemplary and not limiting a preferred embodiment represent. It shows:

1 3 shows a partial longitudinal view in section through a vertical axial plane of a press according to the invention, 2 a cross section through a vertical plane A, 3 a front view of the closure device of this press,

4 an axial longitudinal section of the extrusion chamber of this press,

5 a partial longitudinal section on an enlarged scale of a part of the peripheral wall of the extrusion chamber,

6 a cross section through a vertical plane B of the loading hopper of this press, and 7 to 12 partially schematic longitudinal views in section, showing the main stages of the operating cycle of the press.

In the 1 The press according to the invention shown is composed of two subassemblies which are cast on a common base S made of reinforced masonry, which forms a rigid assembly: a subassembly for loading goods and a subassembly for extruding these goods.

In the first place, the extrusion subassembly is supported by a frame that has two end plates as in 1 includes conventional chassis elements as shown at 2 shown, and longitudinal plates as in 3 in the form of angular profiles, which should possibly increase the rigidity of the assembly and which should give the press a generally rectangular rectangular shape. These longitudinal plates 3 are also designed so that each side surface, top and bottom, has an opening like in 4 has, which runs over most of the length of the surface mentioned, for the reasons explained below.

The extrusion subassembly includes a cylindrical extrusion chamber 5 with a horizontal axis of rotation (x), on the one hand by two of open surfaces, upstream 5a and downstream 5b Surface, and on the other hand is delimited by a perforated peripheral wall which has a plurality of radial extrusion holes as in 6 having. As in the 4 and 5 has shown each extrusion hole 6 a cut 6a which is provided at the level of the outer surface of the peripheral wall. Furthermore, each of these holes 6 a cylindrical coat 7 on one covenant 7a in a form that includes lowering 6a fits.

This extrusion chamber 5 is also from an annular apron 8th "Tied up" the coats 7 holds and is opposite any extrusion hole 6 with a frustoconical radial hole 9 pierced with a cross section which increases towards the outer surface of said annular skirt.

These ring-shaped holes 9 flow into an annular collecting container 10 with a lower evacuation line 11 is provided, the extruded material to a conveyor 12 leads in a hollow 13 in the base 5 is arranged while a second conveyor 14 has the task of taking up the extrusion residue.

The downstream surface 5b the extrusion chamber 5 is also partially from a record 15 closed, which has a coaxial with the axis (x) circular hole with a diameter which is smaller than that of said extrusion chamber, which is surrounded by a circumferential recess, which is an annular seal 15a receives.

The assembly of the extrusion chamber and the collecting container 9 is also designed to be axially between the end plates 1 can be moved, and is used for this purpose by two lateral roller coats as in 16 shown worn. This movement is further controlled by two cylinders 17 . 18 generates each other below and above the extrusion chamber 5 lie diametrically opposite and on the closing plate 15 are attached.

The extrusion subassembly also includes a piston 19 with a diameter that corresponds to that of the hole of the closure plate 15 fits, provided with a curved end 19a in the form of a spherical dome or parabolic tip.

This pusher piston 19 is from a cylinder 20 driven, which is designed so that it is between an engagement position inside the extrusion chamber 5 and moves to a retracted position in which it remains inside.

This subassembly also includes a locking device 21 which is designed to alternatively cover the upstream surface 5a the extrusion chamber 5 closes and opens. This locking device 21 consists of a wall that is in a vertical track 22 can move, which is open at its upper and lower ends, and being the upstream end plate 1 the press forms the support surface, said wall for this purpose with a cylinder 23 connected is.

This wall 21 in the first place comprises a lower section with a continuous surface 21a with dimensions such that it is the upstream surface 5a the extrusion chamber 5 seals, and which serves to support the upstream end face of the peripheral wall thereof. This section of the continuous surface also includes an annular recess, which is a seal 24 picks up, which is designed so that it from the extrusion chamber 5 is compressed when this on the closure device 21 comes to the plant.

This wall 21 also has an upper section 21b by a circular hole 25 is pierced with a diameter at least equal to that of the upstream surface 5a the extrusion chamber 5 is designed to be in a retracted position of the cylinder 23 is aimed at this.

The bottom edge 25a this hole 25 also has an oblique profile that faces in the direction of the end plate 1 is inclined to favor a possible shearing off of goods after loading from the extrusion chamber 5 exit.

Finally, the extrusion subassembly includes a line 26 for connection to the cargo loading sub-assembly, the said cargo being coaxial with the axis (x) in the extension of a circular hole of the same diameter as that in the upstream end plate 1 is provided.

The loading subassembly in turn comprises a loading bunker 27 whose cross-section has the general shape of a dihedral, starting from the edge of which a cylindrical section 27a is substituted with a diameter that is smaller than that of the connecting line 26 ,

This loading bunker 27 further comprises a downstream lower opening, in the extension of which a line 28 runs with the connecting cable 26 through an elastic connection 29 connected, which has the same diameter as this.

This loading bunker 27 also includes an upstream hole through which passes through a cylinder 31 driven charging piston 30 can move, and with a diameter that matches that of the cylindrical portion that the bottom 27a of the bunker mentioned, but is smaller than that of the lines 26 . 28 to avoid shearing of the good.

This loading bunker 27 finally includes a rammer 32 of the conventional type, which is intended to avoid the formation of a curvature and to cause a certain stamping of the goods in the lower section of the bunker mentioned, that of the loading piston 30 is achieved.

The elements of the Pres They are controlled by a programmable machine and are designed to move in the following way.

First are the two cylinders 17 . 18 designed to be the extrusion chamber 5 axially between a retracted position in which the latter from the closure device 21 a distance away that slides of extrusion residues onto the conveyor 14 allows, and shift an engagement position in which the upstream surface 5a said extrusion chamber is in contact with said closure device.

Taking into account the extrusion chamber 5 in its engagement position mentioned above is the cylinder 20 again designed to be the piston 19 between an engagement position in which it extends for most of the length of said extrusion chamber and a retracted position in which its end 19a into this extrusion chamber 5 near their downstream surface 5b penetrates.

Furthermore, the programmable automat includes manual control, which allows the piston to be retracted 19 causes so the end 19a the latter from the extrusion chamber 5 can be pulled out to withdraw the assembly from the extrusion chamber 5 and collecting container 9 through the top opening of the chassis to allow maintenance of this assembly.

For this purpose, it should be noted that, in addition to this upper opening and, as described above, the chassis, on the one hand, has lateral openings which allow access to the entirety of the mechanisms inside it, in particular to the roller shells 16 , and on the other hand has a lower opening through which the extruded material and the extrusion residues are evacuated.

The cylinder 31 is ultimately designed to be the loading piston 30 between a variable retracted position in which the end of this piston 30 next to the upstream opening of the loading bunker 27 is located, and moved to an engagement position in which this end a short distance into the extrusion chamber 5 penetrates.

About the variable retracted position of this loading piston 30 , which is controlled by the programmable controller, the amount of material can be selected that is in the extrusion chamber with each cycle 5 is initiated.

• – d₀ die Dichte des Rohgutes im Ladebunker 27,
• – d₁ die Dichte im unteren Teil des Bunkers 27, unter der Kraft des Stampfers 32 erzeugt, vor dem das Gut in die Leitungen 26, 28 gestoßen wird (Position „O" des Laders),
• – d₂ die Dichte der Extrusionskammer 5 vor der Extrusion,
• – d₃ die Dichte des Extrusionsrückstands, über die Steuerung der Position „O" des Ladekolbens 30, d.h. die Wahl der Länge seines Weges, in Verbindung mit der Wahl der Länge des Weges des Stampfers 32, die Menge des pro Zyklus zu behandelnden Gutes und der verschiedenen Dichten in Abhängigkeit von dem zu behandelnden Gut und dem gewünschten Ergebnis gewählt werden.

In fact, if the following is considered:

• - d ₀ the density of the raw material in the loading bunker 27 .
• - d ₁ the density in the lower part of the bunker 27 , under the force of the pounder 32 generated before the good in the lines 26 . 28 is pushed (position "O" of the loader),
• - d ₂ the density of the extrusion chamber 5 before extrusion,
• - d ₃ the density of the extrusion residue, by controlling the position "O" of the loading piston 30 , ie the choice of the length of its path, in connection with the choice of the length of the path of the rammer 32 , the amount of the material to be treated per cycle and the different densities depending on the material to be treated and the desired result.

It should also be noted that the loading piston 30 has a diameter that is smaller than that of the lines 26 . 28 and the extrusion chamber 5 due to the fact that the tightness of this extrusion chamber does not guarantee nor the thrust of the plunger 19 needs to be compensated. Due to this peculiarity, shear at the entrance of the line can occur 28 and the extrusion chamber 5 and on the other hand the disadvantages of excessive drilling of interfaces and pollution of the latter are avoided.

It should also be noted that the diameter difference between the loading pistons 30 and lines 26 . 28 eliminates the need to rigorously align the two subassemblies and the disadvantages associated with such alignment.

On the basis of these possibilities of displacement, the automat is programmed in particular so that it can 7 to 12 illustrated and described below operating cycle conditioned.

The press is brought into the following starting position: loading piston 30 and plunger 19 in their retracted position, extrusion chamber 5 in their engagement position in elastic contact with the locking device 21 , Locking device 21 in their open position, and pounder 32 in its lower position.

First, the loading piston 30 indented so that it has at least a portion of the loading bunker 27 drives along and a lot of raw material (determined by the regulation of its position "O") into the extrusion chamber 5 pushes the front surface 5b from the pusher piston 19 is closed ( 7 ).

The loading piston 30 is retracted towards its "O" position while the rammer 32 raised and the locking device 21 towards their closed position of the extrusion chamber 5 is moved ( 8th ).

The cylinders 17 . 18 exert a high force on the upstream surface 5a the extrusion chamber 5 against the locking device 21 presses and a radial seal between these elements by compressing the seal 24 allowed ( 9 ). At the same time, the rammer 32 lowered to the raw material in the bottom of the loading bunker 27 to stomp.

The pusher piston 19 is with a pro programmed pressure revolution until a programmed compression end pressure of Gut is reached, that in the extrusion chamber 5 is included ( 10 ). In the course of this compression, the extruded material is also passed through the line 11 towards the conveyor 12 evacuated.

During the plunger 19 remains in its engagement position and after a programmed period of time the extrusion chamber is moved towards its retracted position ( 11 ). The compressed residue is then pushed through the plunger 19 prevented the movement of the extrusion chamber 5 to follow, and falls on the conveyor due to gravity 14 ,

So the extrusion chamber 5 in the direction of their engagement position, but without exerting any noticeable force that a movement of the locking device 21 would prevent, which in turn is directed towards its lower opening position ( 12 ). At the same time, the plunger becomes 19 taken to its retracted position.

• – Unmöglichkeit der Bewegung des Ladekolbens 30, wenn:
• – die Verschlussvorrichtung 21 nicht vollständig in der Öffnungsposition der Extrusionskammer 5 ist,
• – die Extrusionskammer 5 nicht in der Einrückposition ist,
• – der Vordrückerkolben 19 nicht in der zurückgezogenen Position ist,
• – Unmöglichkeit des Schließens durch die Verschlussvorrichtung 21, wenn der Ladekolben 30 sich in Bewegung in Richtung nach unten befindet und wenn er nicht außerhalb der Extrusionskammer 5 ist,
• – Unmöglichkeit des Öffnens durch die Verschlussvorrichtung 21, wenn die Zylinder 17, 18 zum Manövrieren der Extrusionskammer 5 den Dichtungsdruck darauf ausüben,
• – Unmöglichkeit eines Vorbewegens des Vordrückerkolbens 19, wenn:
• – die Extrusionskammer 5 nicht den Druck auf die radiale Dichtung 24 ausübt, der zum Abdichten der genannten Extrusionskammer nötig ist,
• – die Verschlussvorrichtung 21 nicht vollständig in der Verschlussposition ist.

The control unit is also programmed to trigger a number of safety functions:

• - Impossibility of moving the loading piston 30 , if:
• - the locking device 21 not fully in the open position of the extrusion chamber 5 is
• - the extrusion chamber 5 is not in the engagement position,
• - the plunger 19 is not in the retracted position,
• - Impossibility of closing by the locking device 21 when the loading piston 30 is moving down and when it is not outside the extrusion chamber 5 is
• - Impossibility of opening by the locking device 21 when the cylinder 17 . 18 to maneuver the extrusion chamber 5 exert the sealing pressure on it
• - Impossibility of advancing the plunger 19 , if:
• - the extrusion chamber 5 not the pressure on the radial seal 24 exercises, which is necessary to seal said extrusion chamber,
• - the locking device 21 is not completely in the closed position.

Claims (20)

Press for treating lumpy goods, in particular waste or garbage, with a fraction of goods which can flow under the influence of pressure, the press comprising: - a frame ( 1-3 ), - one on the frame mentioned ( 1-3 ) assembled extrusion chamber ( 5 ) with a longitudinal axis (x), on the one hand open at both ends according to cross sections which define two opposing coaxial surfaces, an upstream surface ( 5a ) for the entry of good and a downstream area ( 5b ), and on the other hand on their periphery of extrusion holes ( 6 ) pierced, - medium ( 26-31 ) to feed the extrusion chamber ( 5 ), which are designed in such a way that they bring a lot of good into the interior of said extrusion chamber through the upstream surface ( 5a ) feed the same, - means for compressing material which is in the extrusion chamber ( 5 ) which are designed in such a way that they compress it under conditions which are suitable for extracting the flowable material therefrom by extrusion and forming a solid compressed fraction, the compression means mentioned actuating means ( 20 ) and a piston ( 19 ), Called the plunger, coaxial to the axis (x) of the extrusion chamber ( 5 ) which, with the actuating means ( 20 ) is connected to the plunger ( 19 ) between a retracted position in which it holds the extrusion chamber ( 5 ) releases, and to shift an engagement position in which it penetrates into said extrusion chamber until a predetermined pressure is reached, - and means ( 17 . 18 ) for extracting the solid compressed fraction in the extrusion chamber ( 5 ), the said press being characterized in that: - the means for compressing the composite material further comprise: - a movable closure device ( 21 ) between the upstream surface ( 5a ) the extrusion chamber ( 5 ) and a frame element ( 1 ), and displacement means ( 23 ) to move the movable locking device ( 21 ) parallel to said upstream surface, alternating between a closed position in which it rests on said frame element and an open position of said extrusion chamber, - the actuating means ( 20 ) of the pusher piston ( 19 ) are designed so that the end ( 19a ) of the aforementioned plunger in its retracted position inside the extrusion chamber ( 5 ) near the downstream surface ( 5b ) remains the same, - the means for extracting the solid good fraction means ( 17 . 18 ) to move the extrusion chamber axially ( 5 ) around them along the pusher piston in its engaged position ( 19 ) between a sealing position in which the upstream surface ( 5a ) of said extrusion chamber on the closure device ( 21 ) and an extraction position in which said upstream surface is axially distant from said closure device by a predetermined distance. Press according to claim 1, characterized indicates that the plunger ( 19 ) has a diameter that is smaller than the inside diameter of the extrusion chamber ( 5 ), the downstream surface ( 5b ) the said extrusion chamber from a wall with one floor (with it) 15 ) is closed, which is drilled with a hole with a diameter that matches that of the aforementioned plunger. Press according to claim 2, characterized in that the push piston ( 19 ) a curved end piece ( 19a ) in the shape of a dome. Press according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that it has a with the closure device ( 21 ) single-level ring seal ( 24 ) with a diameter that corresponds to that of the upstream surface ( 5a ) the extrusion chamber ( 5 ) fits, and which is designed so that it is compressed in the sealing position thereof. Press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that around each hole ( 6 ) the extrusion chamber has a removable jacket ( 7 ) is provided, said extrusion chamber being provided with means ( 8th ) to hold each of the coats in their hole ( 6 ) Is provided. Press according to claim 5, characterized in that: - each hole ( 6 ) the extrusion chamber ( 5 ) a lowering ( 6a ) at the level of the outer surface of the peripheral wall of said extrusion chamber, - each jacket ( 7 ) a covenant ( 7a ) of a shape that includes the lowering ( 6a ) of the corresponding hole ( 6 ) fits, - the means for holding the coats ( 7 ) a ring-shaped apron ( 8th ) in a form suitable for the extrusion chamber ( 5 ), pierced with radial holes ( 9 ), each in the radial extension of a hole ( 6 ) run the said extrusion chamber. Press according to claim 6, characterized in that each hole ( 9 ) the annular apron ( 8th ) has a frustoconical shape with a cross section that increases towards the outer surface of said annular skirt. Press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the feed means of the extrusion chamber comprise: - a filling bunker ( 27 ) with an exit hole coaxial to the axis (x) through a connecting channel ( 26 . 28 ) with the frame ( 1-3 ) is connected - means ( 30 ) for guiding material inside the extrusion chamber ( 5 ) through the connecting channel ( 26 . 28 ). Press according to claim 8, characterized in that the frame element ( 1 ) from a flat wall parallel to the upstream surface ( 5a ) the extrusion chamber ( 5 ) that is designed to cover the bottom wall of a track ( 22 ) to guide the locking device ( 21 ) forms, and which is pierced by a hole coaxial to the axis (x). Press according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the closure device ( 21 ) comprises a wall with a length that is greater than the diameter of the extrusion chamber ( 5 ), and has a length section that has a continuous wall surface ( 21a ) which is the upstream surface ( 5a ) of said extrusion chamber closes and during this closing the pressure force of the pusher piston ( 19 ) and the extrusion chamber ( 5 ) on the frame element ( 1 ) reflected, and a wall section ( 21b ) with a hole ( 22 ) is drilled with dimensions that match those of the upstream surface so that it can be positioned coaxially to the axis (x) in the opening position of the said closure device. Press according to claim 10, characterized in that the hole ( 22 ) the locking device ( 21 ) a rear contour section ( 22a ), which, taking into account the direction of displacement of the named closure device from its open position to its closed position, has an oblique profile that extends in the direction of the frame element ( 1 ) is inclined. Press according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the means for guiding material into the interior of the extrusion chamber ( 5 ) Include: - a loading piston ( 30 ) coaxial to the extrusion chamber ( 5 ) and having a diameter smaller than that of said extrusion chamber, said loading piston being designed to be between a retracted position in which its end is near an opening of the loading bunker ( 27 ) is opposite the exit opening, and moves an engagement end position, in which it the loading bunker ( 27 ), the connecting channel ( 26 . 28 ) crossed and a certain small piece into the extrusion chamber ( 5 ) penetrates - medium ( 31 ) to actuate the charging piston ( 30 ), and - medium ( 27a ) for guiding the loading piston ( 30 ) longitudinal. Press according to claim 12, characterized in that the means for longitudinal guidance of the loading piston from the bottom wall ( 27a ) of the loading bunker ( 27 ) are formed, which has a section with a circular cross section of a diameter that matches that of the loading piston. Press according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the means for actuating the loading piston ( 30 ) Comprise control means which allow control of the positioning of the end of said loading piston in the retracted position thereof. Press according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the means for guiding the material into the interior of the extrusion chamber ( 5 ) Include: - a snail in the bottom of the loading bunker ( 27 ) with one end, called the downstream end, which is essentially in the same plane as the frame element ( 1 ), - Means to set the screw in rotation. Press according to claim 15, characterized in that the means for rotating the screw comprise control means by means of which the number of revolutions which the said screw can perform during each operation for feeding the extrusion chamber can be regulated. 5 ). Press according to one of claims 8 to 16, characterized in that the loading bunker ( 27 ) and the extrusion chamber ( 5 ) rest on two separate frames, which are cast on a common base (S) and through the connecting channel ( 26 . 28 ) are connected, the said connecting channel being formed from two longitudinal pieces, each formed integrally with one and the other frame and with an elastic connecting piece ( 29 ) be reunited. Press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a control unit which has the task of conditioning the following functional cycle, starting from an initial position in which the push piston ( 19 ) in its retracted position and the locking device ( 21 ) is in its open position and the extrusion chamber ( 5 ) with its upstream entrance area ( 5a ) is positioned attached to the named locking device: - actuation of the feed means ( 30 ) the extrusion chamber ( 5 ) for filling them with a certain amount of composite material, - actuating the means ( 23 ) to move the locking device ( 21 ) to put them in their closed position on the entrance surface ( 5a ) the extrusion chamber ( 5 ) to move, - to actuate the means ( 17 . 18 ) to move the extrusion chamber axially ( 5 ) to a contact force of the entrance surface ( 5a ) the same against the locking device ( 21 ), - engage the plunger ( 19 ) into the extrusion chamber ( 5 ) until a predetermined final pressure is reached in order to achieve the required compression of the goods, - actuation of the means ( 17 . 18 ) to move the extrusion chamber axially ( 5 ) to move it to its extraction position to eject the solid compressed fraction, - actuating the means ( 23 ) to move the locking device ( 21 ) to bring them into their open position, - actuating the means ( 17 . 18 ) to move the extrusion chamber axially ( 5 ) in an elastic system against the locking device ( 21 ) to move - retraction of the pusher piston ( 19 ) to its retracted position. Press according to claim 18, characterized in that the control unit comprises a manual control with which a supplementary retraction of the pusher piston ( 19 ) from its retracted position to the end ( 19a ) of the above-mentioned plunger piston from the extrusion chamber ( 5 ) pull out. Press according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the control unit is a controllable unit designed in this way is that the progression of the pressure increase, the value of the final pressure and the holding time of the final pressure can be programmed.