DE568160C - Process and device for the decomposition of hydrocarbon oils and tars under pressure - Google Patents

Description

Method and device for the pressure heat splitting of hydrocarbon oils and taring The present process for the pressurized heat cracking of hydrocarbon oils and tars is essentially characterized in that the appropriate z. Am suitable preheating raw material that has been preheated to near the gap temperature into a or several pressure vessels is conducted simultaneously or one after the other, in which it is forced to move the heated pressure vessel walls along an insert container in a thin layer, but flow at high speed before it enters the Inside the pressure vessel arrives.

Such insert containers through which the material is forced to flow over the walls of the pressure vessel in a more or less thin layer, have already been used per se in pressure splitting apparatuses. However, they served the maintenance of an internal material cycle and were for this purpose above and below in open connection with the container; in contrast, serves in the present case, the space between the pressure vessel and the insert container as an inflow channel to the inside of the container and stands for this purpose with the main container only on the End in connection that is opposite to the confluence of the oil inflow channel.

Advantageously occurs in the case of a vertical or similar arrangement Pressure vessel, the mineral oil to be split o. The like. From below into the narrow, z. B. cylindrical annular space between the heated pressure vessel wall and insert wall and arrives at the upper edge of the insert in the continuous operation of the apparatus The inner ones are constantly filled with highly heated oil and its decomposition products Main space of the pressure vessel or vessels within the inner wall of the insert, so that so the inner wall of the insert is constantly bathed by a hot oil column. the end The cracked material is transferred to the interior of the pressure vessel by means of a riser pipe system from the bottom to the upper end of the autoclave and continuously ascending either in the manner indicated for the further pressure vessels or appropriately suitable reversibly fed to the condensation and distillation apparatus. The drainage pipe from the pressure vessels at their upper end expediently protrudes a certain piece into the one arranged inside the autoclave up to the vicinity of the autoclave base reaching oil riser pipe so that when the oil level in the pressure vessel is almost uniform, at the upper end of which a gas collecting space is formed, a permanent oil drain secured will.

The residues can be withdrawn temporarily through special drainage pipes at the lower end of the autoclave as required.

The process gives a very good yield of gasolines at a relatively high rate very simple, clearer, cheaper and easier to monitor and clean Apparatus without disturbing coke formation, even with direct heating of the outer one Autoclave walls, so avoiding lead melts and the like. And also without special decomposition devices.

The example shown schematically drawn apparatus for carrying out the new process has heating burners a, which heat both the preheater b and expediently via a grate c the outer walls of the autoclave d and are expediently at least partially fed by the taxes incurred from the company. The material, which has been preheated to almost cracking temperature, is passed from the pipeline f via a valve g from below into the narrow annular space which is formed between the inner autoclave wall and the insert container k. Under pressure, the mineral oil flows along the heated autoclave walls at high speed through the narrow annular space created in this way and enters the interior of the autoclave at the upper edge of the inserts h, which is constantly filled with hot oil, so that the inner walls of the inserts are also constantly lt from the inside be heated. The oil is withdrawn through pipes i, k, the parts i of which protrude from above a certain distance into the riser pipes m, which in turn are open at the top and bottom and reach close to the bottom of the pressure vessel at their lower ends. If there are several pressure vessels, they can be switched in parallel or in series, with valve o in pipeline f being open when connected in parallel, while valve P in pipeline r is open when connected in series, valve o in line f and valve q in line k but are closed.

The residues are drawn off through the pipeline s at the bottom End of autoclave with open valves t. The supply of fresh raw material to the preheater is effected through the pipeline zi.

The walls of the pressure vessels can be used to enlarge the heating surfaces or the inserts or both z. B. corrugated or similar.

Claims (3)

PATENT CLAIMS: _. Process for pressure heat splitting of hydrocarbon oils, in which the preheated oils to be split are divided into at least one large, cylindrical, vertically arranged split vessel introduced and in this between a cylindrical Use and the heated walls of the split vessel in a thin layer with a large Speed are passed through and at which the fission products as well the residue are constantly removed, characterized in that the to be cleaved preheated oils from below into the narrow space between the cylindrical Insert and the heated walls are inserted and then over the top edge of the use in the rest of the space closed off from the space within of the use, whereby the closed space is constantly heated Oil and its fission products is filled. 2. The method according to claim x, characterized characterized in that the fission products from the space inside the insert using one vertically arranged, open on both sides and with its lower end up near the lower wall of the insert reaching riser pipe are discharged. 3. Device for performing the method according to claim 2, characterized in that that a discharge pipe (i) for the fission products up to about the height of the in the Space inside the insert (h) to maintain the oil level in both sides open riser pipe (m) protrudes.