DE4333566A1 - Plastics tube and expansion - uses high frequency energy to heat and soften the plastics to reduce the heating time. - Google Patents
Plastics tube and expansion - uses high frequency energy to heat and soften the plastics to reduce the heating time.Info
- Publication number
- DE4333566A1 DE4333566A1 DE4333566A DE4333566A DE4333566A1 DE 4333566 A1 DE4333566 A1 DE 4333566A1 DE 4333566 A DE4333566 A DE 4333566A DE 4333566 A DE4333566 A DE 4333566A DE 4333566 A1 DE4333566 A1 DE 4333566A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- plastics
- high frequency
- mandrel
- heated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 Polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
- B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B13/00—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped
- B29B13/02—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by heating
- B29B13/023—Half-products, e.g. films, plates
- B29B13/024—Hollow bodies, e.g. tubes or profiles
- B29B13/025—Tube ends
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/12—Dielectric heating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C57/00—Shaping of tube ends, e.g. flanging, belling or closing; Apparatus therefor, e.g. collapsible mandrels
- B29C57/02—Belling or enlarging, e.g. combined with forming a groove
- B29C57/04—Belling or enlarging, e.g. combined with forming a groove using mechanical means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/04—Dielectric heating, e.g. high-frequency welding, i.e. radio frequency welding of plastic materials having dielectric properties, e.g. PVC
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
- B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
- B29C66/5221—Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/65—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles with a relative motion between the article and the welding tool
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum Aufweiten des Endes eines aus Kunststoff bestehenden Rohres, mit welchem das Ende des Rohres zunächst erwärmt wird, mit welchem anschließend in das Ende des erwärmten Rohres ein Dorn eingeführt wird, dessen Außenabmessungen den gewünschten lichten Abmessungen des aufgeweiteten Rohres entsprechen, mit welchem danach das Ende des Rohres mit darin befindlichem Dorn abgekühlt wird und mit welchem abschließend der Dorn aus dem abgekühlten Rohr entfernt wird.The invention relates to a method for expanding the End of a pipe made of plastic, with which the End of the tube is first heated, with which then a mandrel in the end of the heated pipe is introduced, the external dimensions of the desired correspond to clear dimensions of the expanded pipe, with which then the end of the tube with the mandrel located therein is cooled and with which finally the mandrel from the cooled tube is removed.
Mit einem derartigen Verfahren wird jeweils ein Ende eines Rohres so aufgeweitet, daß ein nicht aufgeweitetes Ende eines Rohres gleicher Abmessungen in das aufgeweitete Rohrende hineingesteckt werden kann. Dabei ist es auch möglich, in dem aufgeweiteten Ende eine umlaufende Rille auszuformen, in welche ein Dichtungselement eingesetzt werden kann. Derartige Rohre werden beispielsweise als Abwasserrohre oder als Regenfallrohre eingesetzt. Es ist mit derart gestalteten Rohren möglich, mehrere Rohre zu einer Rohrleitung beliebiger Länge zusammenzustecken, ohne daß dazu Werkzeuge oder zusätzliche Befestigungs- und Dichtungselemente benötigt werden. Dieses in der Fachwelt als "Muffen" bezeichnete Verfahren wird bisher beispielsweise mit Heizstrahlern, manchmal aber auch mit offenen Flammen durchgeführt. Dabei wird das Rohr, dessen Ende aufgeweitet werden soll, zusätzlich um seine Achse gedreht. Dieses Verfahren erfordert relativ viel Zeit und es ist fertigungstechnisch aufwendig. Wenn das Muffen gleich bei der Rohrherstellung mit durchgeführt wird, bedeutet das außerdem eine Verminderung der Fertigungsgeschwindigkeit.With such a method one end of each Expanded tube so that an unexpanded end of a Tube of the same dimensions in the widened tube end can be inserted. It is also possible in the to form a circumferential groove in the flared end which a sealing element can be used. Such Pipes are used, for example, as sewage pipes or as Downpipes used. It is designed with such Pipes possible, any number of pipes to a pipe Length together without tools or additional fastening and sealing elements required become. This is referred to in the professional world as "sleeves" So far, for example, the process has been using radiant heaters sometimes done with open flames. Here the pipe, the end of which is to be widened, becomes additional rotated around its axis. This procedure requires relatively a lot of time and it is complex to manufacture. If that Sleeves are carried out directly during pipe production, it also means a decrease in Manufacturing speed.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, das eingangs geschilderte Verfahren bei verkürzter Aufheizzeit wesentlich zu vereinfachen.The invention has for its object that described procedures with shortened heating-up time significantly to simplify.
Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, daß das Ende des Rohres mittels Hochfrequenz erwärmt wird.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the End of the tube is heated by high frequency.
Zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens wird lediglich eine Elektrodenanordnung zur Erzeugung eines Hochfrequenzfeldes benötigt. Das zu erwärmende Rohrende braucht nur in dieser Elektrodenanordnung positioniert zu werden. Es wird nach Einschalten des Hochfrequenzfeldes von innen aus dem Material heraus in kurzer Zeit auf die gewünschte Temperatur erwärmt. Das Rohr braucht während der Erwärmung nicht gedreht zu werden. Der Zeitaufwand und der fertigungstechnische Aufwand sind bei diesem Verfahren also gering.To perform this procedure, only one Electrode arrangement for generating a high-frequency field needed. The pipe end to be heated only needs in this Electrode assembly to be positioned. It will be after Switching on the high frequency field from the inside of the material heated up to the desired temperature in a short time. The tube does not need to be turned during the heating become. The expenditure of time and the manufacturing expenditure are so small with this method.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung gehen aus den Unteransprüchen hervor.Advantageous embodiments of the invention are shown in the Sub-claims emerge.
Das Verfahren nach der Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand der Zeichnungen als Ausführungsbeispiel erläutert.The method according to the invention is described below with reference to Drawings explained as an embodiment.
Es zeigen:Show it:
Fig. 1 eine Anordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach der Erfindung in schematischer Darstellung. Fig. 1 shows an arrangement for performing the method according to the invention in a schematic representation.
Fig. 2 ein aufgeweitetes Rohrende. Fig. 2 shows a widened pipe end.
In Fig. 1 ist eine Anordnung von sechs Elektroden 1 bis 6 dargestellt, die auf einer Kreisbahn angeordnet sind. Die Elektroden sind so geschaltet, daß sich je zwei Elektroden unterschiedlicher Polarität diametral gegenüber liegen. So gehören jeweils die Elektroden 1 und 4, 2 und 5 sowie 3 und 6 zusammen. Die unterschiedlichen Polaritäten sind durch "+"- und "-"-Zeichen eingetragen.In Fig. 1, an arrangement of six electrodes shown 1 to 6, which are arranged on a circular path. The electrodes are switched so that two electrodes of different polarity are diametrically opposite. So electrodes 1 and 4 , 2 and 5 and 3 and 6 belong together. The different polarities are entered by "+" and "-" signs.
Zur Erwärmung eines innerhalb der Elektroden 1 bis 6 positionierten Rohres 7 aus Kunststoff wird ein Hochfrequenzfeld an die Elektroden angelegt. Das Rohr 7 wird dadurch innerhalb kurzer Zeit so weit erwärmt, daß es verformbar ist. Es kann während der Aufheizung durch das Hochfrequenzfeld auch um seine Achse gedreht werden.A high-frequency field is applied to the electrodes for heating a plastic tube 7 positioned within the electrodes 1 to 6 . The tube 7 is thereby heated so far within a short time that it is deformable. It can also be rotated about its axis during heating by the high-frequency field.
In das erwärmte Rohr′s 7 wird ein Dorn 8 eingeschoben, der das Rohr 7 an seinem Ende aufweitet, so wie es in Fig. 2 dargestellt ist. Nach Abkühlung des Rohres 7 kann der Dorn 8 aus demselben herausgezogen werden. Das Ende des Rohres 7 hat dann die gewünschte aufgeweitete Form.In the heated tube 7 a mandrel 8 is inserted, which expands the tube 7 at its end, as shown in Fig. 2. After the tube 7 has cooled, the mandrel 8 can be pulled out of the same. The end of the tube 7 then has the desired expanded shape.
In der Elektrodenanordnung zur Erwärmung des Rohres 7 sind mindestens zwei einander auf einer Kreisbahn diametral gegenüber liegende Elektroden vorhanden. Wenn drei Elektrodenpaare gemäß Fig. 1 eingesetzt werden, dann kann auch ein umlaufendes Hochfrequenzfeld verwendet werden. Es ist dann immer nur eines der Elektrodenpaare aktiv.In the electrode arrangement for heating the tube 7 there are at least two electrodes diametrically opposite one another on a circular path. If three pairs of electrodes according to FIG. 1 are used, then a rotating high-frequency field can also be used. Then only one of the electrode pairs is ever active.
Das Hochfrequenzfeld kann auch zwischen außerhalb des Rohres 7 befindlichen Elektroden und dem Dorn 8 aufgebaut werden, der dann jeweils als Elektrode dient. Die außen liegenden Elektroden und der Dorn 8 haben dann unterschiedliche Polarität.The high-frequency field can also be established between electrodes located outside the tube 7 and the mandrel 8 , which then serves as an electrode. The outer electrodes and the mandrel 8 then have different polarities.
Der Dorn 8 kann auch einen umlaufenden Vorsprung 9 haben, der in Fig. 2 gestrichelt eingezeichnet ist. Es wird dann eine umlaufende Rille in die Wandung des Rohres 7 eingeformt. In diese Rille kann ein Dichtungsring eingelegt werden. The mandrel 8 can also have a circumferential projection 9 , which is shown in broken lines in FIG. 2. A circumferential groove is then formed in the wall of the tube 7 . A sealing ring can be inserted into this groove.
Die Frequenz für die anzuwendenden Hochfrequenzfelder ist abhängig von der Art und dem Aufbau des für das Rohr 7 verwendeten Kunststoffs. Sie kann im kHz-Bereich, im MHz- Bereich aber auch im GHz-Bereich liegen.The frequency for the high-frequency fields to be used depends on the type and structure of the plastic used for the tube 7 . It can be in the kHz range, but also in the GHz range in the MHz range.
Die Erwärmung mittels Hochfrequenz ist besonders bei Rohren aus Kunststoffen mit großen Dipolen geeignet. Solche Kunststoffe sind beispielsweise Polyvinylchlorid, Polyamid und Polyoxymethylen. Aber auch andere Kunststoffe, wie beispielsweise Polyethylen und Polypropylen, können mittels Hochfrequenz erwärmt werden.Heating by means of high frequency is particularly important for pipes made of plastics with large dipoles. Such Examples of plastics are polyvinyl chloride, polyamide and Polyoxymethylene. But also other plastics, like for example polyethylene and polypropylene, can be by means of High frequency can be heated.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4333566A DE4333566A1 (en) | 1992-11-04 | 1993-10-01 | Plastics tube and expansion - uses high frequency energy to heat and soften the plastics to reduce the heating time. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4237172 | 1992-11-04 | ||
| DE4333566A DE4333566A1 (en) | 1992-11-04 | 1993-10-01 | Plastics tube and expansion - uses high frequency energy to heat and soften the plastics to reduce the heating time. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE4333566A1 true DE4333566A1 (en) | 1994-05-05 |
Family
ID=6472040
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4333566A Ceased DE4333566A1 (en) | 1992-11-04 | 1993-10-01 | Plastics tube and expansion - uses high frequency energy to heat and soften the plastics to reduce the heating time. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE4333566A1 (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL9400894A (en) * | 1994-06-01 | 1996-01-02 | Wavin Bv | Method and apparatus for forming a socket on a tube of biaxially oriented thermoplastic material |
| WO1997048545A1 (en) * | 1996-06-20 | 1997-12-24 | Regina Schnallinger | Process and device for shaping socket ends on plastic pipes |
| RU2145546C1 (en) * | 1998-03-17 | 2000-02-20 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Инженерно-производственный центр" | Method for lining of pipes of petroleum assortment with thermoplastic shell |
| RU2177878C2 (en) * | 1995-09-20 | 2002-01-10 | Юпонор Б.В. | Method for pipe funneling |
| US10782500B1 (en) | 2019-10-25 | 2020-09-22 | Afl Telecommunications Llc | Fiber optic furcation units, kits, and methods |
| CN111917047A (en) * | 2020-08-16 | 2020-11-10 | 赵国留 | A protection mechanism for power cable engineering installation and construction |
| CN118061511A (en) * | 2024-03-08 | 2024-05-24 | 绍兴简成医疗用品有限公司 | Medical catheter forming device and forming process |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT281404B (en) * | 1963-07-24 | 1970-05-25 | Ct De Rech S De Pont A Mousson | Device for forming a socket on one end of a pipe made of thermoplastic material |
| DE2048759A1 (en) * | 1970-10-03 | 1972-04-06 | Braas & Co Gmbh | Process for the production of closed hollow profile parts made of plastic |
-
1993
- 1993-10-01 DE DE4333566A patent/DE4333566A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT281404B (en) * | 1963-07-24 | 1970-05-25 | Ct De Rech S De Pont A Mousson | Device for forming a socket on one end of a pipe made of thermoplastic material |
| DE2048759A1 (en) * | 1970-10-03 | 1972-04-06 | Braas & Co Gmbh | Process for the production of closed hollow profile parts made of plastic |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL9400894A (en) * | 1994-06-01 | 1996-01-02 | Wavin Bv | Method and apparatus for forming a socket on a tube of biaxially oriented thermoplastic material |
| RU2177878C2 (en) * | 1995-09-20 | 2002-01-10 | Юпонор Б.В. | Method for pipe funneling |
| WO1997048545A1 (en) * | 1996-06-20 | 1997-12-24 | Regina Schnallinger | Process and device for shaping socket ends on plastic pipes |
| CN1073924C (en) * | 1996-06-20 | 2001-10-31 | 雷金纳·施奈尔林格 | Method for producing end fittings on plastic pipes and device for carrying out the method |
| RU2145546C1 (en) * | 1998-03-17 | 2000-02-20 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Инженерно-производственный центр" | Method for lining of pipes of petroleum assortment with thermoplastic shell |
| US10782500B1 (en) | 2019-10-25 | 2020-09-22 | Afl Telecommunications Llc | Fiber optic furcation units, kits, and methods |
| CN111917047A (en) * | 2020-08-16 | 2020-11-10 | 赵国留 | A protection mechanism for power cable engineering installation and construction |
| CN118061511A (en) * | 2024-03-08 | 2024-05-24 | 绍兴简成医疗用品有限公司 | Medical catheter forming device and forming process |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| OP8 | Request for examination as to paragraph 44 patent law | ||
| 8131 | Rejection |