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DE2933141A1 - Verankerungszapfen fuer knochenimplantate - Google Patents

Verankerungszapfen fuer knochenimplantate

Info

Publication number
DE2933141A1
DE2933141A1 DE19792933141 DE2933141A DE2933141A1 DE 2933141 A1 DE2933141 A1 DE 2933141A1 DE 19792933141 DE19792933141 DE 19792933141 DE 2933141 A DE2933141 A DE 2933141A DE 2933141 A1 DE2933141 A1 DE 2933141A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
pin
conical
basic shape
implant
area
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
DE19792933141
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
DE2933141B2 (de
DE2933141C3 (de
Inventor
Otto Frey
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sulzer AG
Original Assignee
Sulzer AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sulzer AG filed Critical Sulzer AG
Publication of DE2933141A1 publication Critical patent/DE2933141A1/de
Publication of DE2933141B2 publication Critical patent/DE2933141B2/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE2933141C3 publication Critical patent/DE2933141C3/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Rheumatology (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Description

  • Verankerungszapfen für Knochenimplantate
  • Die Erfindung betrifft einen Verankerungszapfen gemäss Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1.
  • Bei der zementfreien oder zumindest zementarmen Verankerung von Implantaten in menschlichen Knochen ergeben sich häufig Schwierigkeiten mit der Fixierung während der ersten Wochen nach der implantation, bis durch An- und/oder Einwachsen von Gewebe eine ausreichende Fixierung erreicht ist. Diese Schwierigkeiten treten besonders bei platten- oder schalenartigen implantaten auf, die beispielsweise lediglich beschädigte oder zerstörte Knorpel schichten der Gleitflächen in menschlichen Gelenken ganz oder teilweise ersetzen. Denn bei diesen Implantaten müssen die für eine zementfreie Verankerung bestimmten Zapfen, die entweder eingeschlagen oder eingeschraubt werden, sowohl in der relativ dünnen und kompakten äusseren Knochenschicht, der Kortikalis, als auch in dem etwa eine 20-fach geringere Dichte aufweisenden, spongiösen Gewebe fest verankert sein.
  • Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Verankerungszapfen zu schaffen, der diesen erheblichen Verschiedenheiten des kortikalen und des spongiösen Knochengewebes Rechnung trägt und die Verankerung eines Implantates in Kortikalis und Spongiosa verbessert. Erfindungsgemäss erfolgt die Lösung dieser Aufgabe durch die in Anspruch 1 genannten Merkmale.
  • Die Querschnitte der Grundformen der beiden Zapfenbereiche können dabei kreisrund, elliptisch oder polygonförmig, z.B.
  • 3-, 4- oder mehreckig, sein; es sind dafür aber auch ovale oder andern, nicht einer einfachen geometrischen Fläche entsprechende Querschnittsflächen denkbar.
  • Für die Anwendung des neuen Verankerungszapfens wird - beispielsweise bei der Verankerung der erwähnten Gleitflächenimplantate - nach Entfernen der beschädigten und daher zu ersetzenden Knorpelschicht zunächst mit Hilfe eines Formbohrers, der in Grösse und Form den Grundformen der beiden Zapfenbereiche entspricht, der Knochen angebohrt und anschliessend der Zapfen eingeschlagen oder gegebenenfalls eingeschraubt. Die zahnartigen Verdrängungskörper des in die Spongiosa eindringenden Zapfenbereichs verdrängen dabei aufgrund ihrer gegenüber dnm Volumen ihrer Grundform relativ stark vergrössertem Volumen beim Einschlagen des Zapfens relativ viel des die ausgebohrte Grundform umgebenden Gewebes und verdichten dieses dabei, wodurch bekanntlich das Einwachsen des Zapfens beschleunigt und verbessert wird.
  • Wegen der grösseren Dichte der Kortikalis ist dieser Effekt im kortikalen Gewebe wesentlich geringer. In dieses dringt daher nur das erheblich geringere Volumen - bezogen auf das zugehörige Grundvolumen - der im konischen Bereich vorhandenen Feinverzahnung ein. Die konische Formgebung ist dabei erforderlich, weil andernfalls das Verdrängungsvolumen des zylindrischen Endbereichs beim Einschlagen einen beträchtliegen Teil des am Rand der Grundformbohrung benachbarten kortikalen Gewebes zerstört, so dass darin die Haftung des Zapfens nicht mehr gewährleistet ist.
  • Andererseits ergäbe eine durchgehend konische Form im Bereich des freien Zapfenendes eine zu geringe mechanische Festigkeit der Grundform gegenüber den relativ groben, zahnartigen Verdrängungskörpern, wenn die Abmessungen des Zapfens - im Verhältnis zu den zugehörigen Implantaten - nicht zu gross werden sollen.
  • Die konische Grundform im kortikalen Bereich des Körpers hat darüberhinaus noch die weiteren Vorteile dass gegenüber einer "zylindrischen" Grundform die Auflagefläche und die mechanische Festigkeit, besonders gegenüber Biegebeanspru- chungen, vergrössert werden.
  • In den Unteransprüchen sind vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung hinsichtlich der Bemessung der einzelnen Zapfenbereiche relativ zueinander niedergelegt. Als Materialien für die neuen Verankerungszapfen bzw. fUr die mit ihnen versehenen Implantate eignen sich alle auf dem Gebiet der Implantat-Technik üblichen Stoffe, wie Metalle, Metallegierungen, Biokeramik, pyrolytischer Kohlenstoff und Kunststoffe,insbesondere Polyäthylen der Qualifikationen HDPE und UHI4#Ä'.
  • Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels im Zusammenhang mit der Zeichnung näher erläutert.
  • Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch einen Femurkopf, in den eine Reihe von mit dem neuen Verankerungszapfen versehen Gleitflächen-Implantate eingeschlagen sind, wobei eines der Implantate im Schnitt dargestellt ist; Fig. 2 ist eine vergrösserte Darstellung eines der Gleitflächen-Implantate nach Fig. 1, das in eine Knorpel schicht eingelassen und im darunter liegenden Knochen verankert ist.
  • Im Fermurkopf 1 (Fig. 1) sind eine Reihe von nagelartigen Gleitflächen-Implantaten 2 vorgesehen, die als prothetischer Ersatz für zerstörte Teilbereiche der Knorpelschicht 3 (Fig.
  • 2) dienen. Ihre Verankerungszapfen 4 sind dabei, wie bereits kurz geschildert, in Bohrungen des entsprechend vorbereiteten Knochens eingeschlagen.
  • Erfindungsgemäss besteht die Grundform des Verankerungszapfens 4 in einem dem Kopf des Implantatnagels 2 nahen Teil aus einem konischen Bereich 5, dessen Länge im wesentlichen der Dicke der Kortikalisschicht 6 des Knochens entspricht.
  • An die konische Grundform schliesst sich dann zum freien Ende des Zapfens 4 hin ein Bereich 7 mit einer "zylindrischen" Grundform an, deren "erzeugende" Mantellinie parallel zu ihrer Längsachse verläuft. Die Grundform des Bereichs 7 kann dabei einen beliebigen Querschnitt aufweisen, der im einfachsten Fall kreisförmig ausgebildet ist.
  • Im Bereich 5 trägt die konische Grundform eine relativ feine Verzahnung 8, die beim Einschlagen nur wenig in das kortikale Gewebe 6 eindringt, jedoch mit ihren feinen Zähnen in dieses Gewebe widerhakenartig eingreift, so dass ein Herauswandern aus dem Gewebe 6 entgegen der Einschlagrichtung sicher verhindert wird.
  • Der Bereich7 des Zapfens 4 ist bei eingeschlagenem Implantat in dem spongiösen Gewebe 9 verankert; er ist daher mit mindestens einem - im gezeigten Beispiel jedoch mehreren -zahnartigen Verdrängungskörper 10 versehen, deren Volumen vorteilhafterweise mindestens etwa 20 % des Volumens der zugehörigen Grundform 7 beträgt. Die Zähne 10 haben die Aufgabe, beim Einschlagen des Zapfens 4 spongiöses Gewebe zu verdrängen, das sich beispielsweise in komprimierter Form Jeweils in der "Einkerbung" hinter dem vorausgehenden Zahn 10 ablagert.
  • Wie Fig. 2 erkennen lässt, ist der zylindrische Endbereich 7 an der Uebergangsstelle 11 gegenüber dem Konus 5 stufenförmig abgesetzt. Diese Stufe 11 hat den Zweck, den kleinsten Enddurchmesser des Konus 5 im wesentlichen mindestens so gross zu machen, dass die Verdrangungskörper 10 des zylindrischen Bereichs 7 die konische Grundformbohrung in der Kortikalis beim Einschlagen praktisch frei, d.h. möglichst ohne kortikales Gewebe 6 zu beschädigen, durchdringen.
  • Diese freie Durchdringung der Kortikalis lässt sich beispielsweise auch durch einen grösseren Oeffnungswinkel für den Konus erreichen; dieser wird jedoch vorteilhafterweise im Bereich zwischen 2 und 30a gehalten.
  • Die feine Verzahnung 8 hat, bezogen auf ihre konische Grundform 5, deren Länge mit Vorteil praktisch mit der Dicke der kortikalen Gewebeschicht 6 übereinstimmt, ein relativ geringes Volumen, das vorteilhafterweise nur wenige Prozent des Grundformvolumens 5 beträgt. Die durch sie ausgelöste Gewebeverdrängung in der Kortikalis 6 ist daher erheblich geringer als diejenige in der Spongiosa. Die Dichteunterschiede zwischen kortikalem und spongiösem Gewebe, die bekanntlich etwa 20 : 1 betragen, kann man in etwa bei der Bemessung der Volumina der Verdrängungskörper 8 und 10 berücksichtigen, wenn das Verhältnis dieser Volumina zueinander mindestens 1 : 10 oder kleiner ist.

Claims (5)

  1. Patentansprüche Q Verankerungszapfen für Knochenimplantate, insbesondere für ein nagelartiges Gleitflächen-Implantat für den mindestens teilweisen Ersatz der Knorpel schicht in einem menschlichen Gelenk, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verankerungszapfen (4) in einem ersten, dem funktionellen Teil (2) des Implantates nahen, Bereich seiner Länge eine konische Grundform (5) beliebigen Querschnitts mit einer mindestens auf einem Teil des Umfangs verlaufenden Feinverzahnung (8) aufweist, und dass ferner der vom konischen Bereich zum freien Ende des Zapfens (4) verlaufenden Bereich eine Grundform (7) beliebigen Querschnitts mit zu ihrer Längsachse paralleler Mantellinie aufweist, und mindestens mit einem, über mindestens einen Teil des Umfangs verlaufenden, zahnartigen Verdrängungskörper (10) versehen ist.
  2. 2. Implantat nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gesamtvolumen des Endbereichs (7 und 10) des Zapfens (4) zu demjenigen des konischen Bereichs (5 und 8), jedes bezogen auf das zugehörige Grundformvolumen (7 bzw. 5), mindestens 10 : 1, vorzugsweise 20 : 1, beträgt.
  3. 3. Implantat nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der konische Bereich (5) 1/10 bis 1/2 der Gesamtlänge des Zapfens (4) beträgt, und annähernd der Dicke der Kortikalis (6) des Knochens entspricht.
  4. 4. Implantat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Oeffnungswinkel des konischen Bereichs (5) 2 bis 300 beträgt.
  5. 5. Implantat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine der Verzahnungen (8 und 10) als Gewinde ausgebildet ist.
DE2933141A 1978-10-06 1979-08-16 Verankerungszapfen für ein nagelartiges Gleitflächen-Implantat Expired DE2933141C3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1039078A CH632923A5 (en) 1978-10-06 1978-10-06 Implant for partial replacement of a sliding surface of a human joint
CH1039178A CH632922A5 (en) 1978-10-06 1978-10-06 Anchorage pin for bone implants

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DE2933141A1 true DE2933141A1 (de) 1980-04-10
DE2933141B2 DE2933141B2 (de) 1981-03-12
DE2933141C3 DE2933141C3 (de) 1981-12-17

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DE19792933174 Pending DE2933174A1 (de) 1978-10-06 1979-08-16 Implantat fuer einen teilweisen ersatz einer gleitflaeche eines menschlichen gelenkes
DE2933141A Expired DE2933141C3 (de) 1978-10-06 1979-08-16 Verankerungszapfen für ein nagelartiges Gleitflächen-Implantat

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AT (1) AT370989B (de)
CH (2) CH632922A5 (de)
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US5127920A (en) * 1987-03-27 1992-07-07 Macarthur A Creig Prosthesis and methods for subtotal dome arthroplasty of the hip joint
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US5263987A (en) * 1989-08-25 1993-11-23 Shah Mrugesh K Method and apparatus for arthroscopically replacing a bone joint
JPH06315490A (ja) * 1993-01-04 1994-11-15 Eberle Medizintechnische Elemente Gmbh 固定鋲及び固定鋲取付け工具
WO1999011203A1 (de) * 1997-08-28 1999-03-11 Sabitzer Ronald J Wirbelsäulen-prothese
US6413259B1 (en) 2000-12-14 2002-07-02 Blackstone Medical, Inc Bone plate assembly including a screw retaining member
US8052691B2 (en) 2001-05-30 2011-11-08 Synthes Usa, Llc Spring loaded fixation element insertion device
US7147641B2 (en) 2001-05-30 2006-12-12 Chen Michael C Fixation element insertion device
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT370989B (de) 1983-05-25
CH632923A5 (en) 1982-11-15
DE2933174A1 (de) 1980-04-10
DE2933141B2 (de) 1981-03-12
DE2933141C3 (de) 1981-12-17
ATA591579A (de) 1982-10-15
CH632922A5 (en) 1982-11-15

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