DE20017645U1 - Refrigerants, especially cold sprays - Google Patents
Refrigerants, especially cold spraysInfo
- Publication number
- DE20017645U1 DE20017645U1 DE20017645U DE20017645U DE20017645U1 DE 20017645 U1 DE20017645 U1 DE 20017645U1 DE 20017645 U DE20017645 U DE 20017645U DE 20017645 U DE20017645 U DE 20017645U DE 20017645 U1 DE20017645 U1 DE 20017645U1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- refrigerant according
- refrigerants
- refrigerant
- hydrocarbons
- patient
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 title claims description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000036760 body temperature Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UHCBBWUQDAVSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethane Chemical compound CCF UHCBBWUQDAVSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JRHNUZCXXOTJCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoropropane Chemical compound CCCF JRHNUZCXXOTJCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroethane Chemical compound CCCl HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229960003750 ethyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)F NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000001034 Frostbite Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010052428 Wound Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000002603 chloroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])Cl 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004400 mucous membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- CRSOQBOWXPBRES-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C CRSOQBOWXPBRES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BCCOBQSFUDVTJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octafluorocyclobutane Chemical compound FC1(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C1(F)F BCCOBQSFUDVTJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019407 octafluorocyclobutane Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000451 tissue damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000827 tissue damage Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKIYQFLILPKULA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluoro-4-methoxybutane Chemical compound COC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F OKIYQFLILPKULA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXJCOPITNGTALI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutan-1-ol Chemical compound OC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F QXJCOPITNGTALI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXGNWUVNYMJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)F WXGNWUVNYMJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGZYQOSEVSXDNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)F WGZYQOSEVSXDNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010002091 Anaesthesia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMPVIKIVABFJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclobutane Chemical compound C1CCC1 PMPVIKIVABFJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010033799 Paralysis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000003443 Unconsciousness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940100198 alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002168 alkylating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037005 anaesthesia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000001508 eye Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035987 intoxication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000566 intoxication Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000002690 local anesthesia Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002345 respiratory system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009747 swallowing Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/0043—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by structural features
- A61M2025/0063—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by structural features having means, e.g. stylets, mandrils, rods or wires to reinforce or adjust temporarily the stiffness, column strength or pushability of catheters which are already inserted into the human body
- A61M2025/0064—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by structural features having means, e.g. stylets, mandrils, rods or wires to reinforce or adjust temporarily the stiffness, column strength or pushability of catheters which are already inserted into the human body which become stiffer or softer when heated
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/36—General characteristics of the apparatus related to heating or cooling
- A61M2205/3606—General characteristics of the apparatus related to heating or cooling cooled
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Description
G 10427 DEG 10427 EN
JOSTRA AGJOSTRA AG
Hechinger Straße 38
72145 HirrlinqenHechinger Strasse 38
72145 Hirrlingen
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Kältemittel, insbesondere ein Kältespray zur zeitweiligen Versteifung von in den Körper eines Patienten einzuführenden Kunststoffkörpern wie Kathetern oder dergleichen.The invention relates to a coolant, in particular a cold spray for temporarily stiffening plastic bodies to be introduced into the body of a patient, such as catheters or the like.
Soll ein weich-elastisches Kunststoffteil, beispielsweise ein Katheter mit einem großen Lumen, in Körperöffnungen eines Patienten eingeführt werden, so lässt sich dies durch eine Abkühlung des Materials unter den Glaspunkt erleichtern, da das Material dadurch versteift wird. Nach dem Einführen erreicht das Material aufgrund der Körpertemperatur rasch wieder seine ursprüngliche Weichheit und Elastizität, sofern der Glaspunkt des Materials unterhalb der Körpertemperatur liegt. Das Abkühlen der Kunststoffteile kann völlig ohne Gesundheitsgefährdung für den Patienten dadurch erfolgen, dass das gesamte Teil in einen Kühlschrank gelegt wird, bevor es in den Körper des Patienten eingeführt wird. Diese Methode der Abkühlung des Kunststoffteils ist jedoch relativ umständlich und zeitaufwendig und kann insbesondere nicht spontan vom Chirurgen vor Ort während einer Operation durchgeführt werden. Das abgekühlte Teil muss außerdem möglichst rasch in die Körper-If a soft, elastic plastic part, such as a catheter with a large lumen, is to be inserted into a patient's body orifice, this can be made easier by cooling the material below the glass point, as this stiffens the material. After insertion, the material quickly regains its original softness and elasticity due to the body temperature, provided the glass point of the material is below body temperature. The plastic parts can be cooled without any risk to the patient's health by placing the entire part in a refrigerator before it is inserted into the patient's body. However, this method of cooling the plastic part is relatively complicated and time-consuming and, in particular, cannot be carried out spontaneously by the surgeon on site during an operation. The cooled part must also be inserted into the body as quickly as possible.
G 10427 DEG 10427 EN
Öffnung eingeführt werden, da ansonsten das Teil seine Steifigkeit allein aufgrund der Raumtemperatur wieder verliert.opening, otherwise the part will lose its rigidity due to the room temperature alone.
Um eine Abkühlung des Kunststoffteils also möglichst rasch und auch gegebenenfalls spontan während einer Operation durchführen zu können, ist es wünschenwswert, zu diesem Zweck ein Kältemittel einzusetzen. Die bekannten Kältemittel sind hierzu jedoch nicht geeignet. Laut Pschyrembels "Medizinisches Wörterbuch", 257. Auflage 1994, S. 749, wurden früher Kohlensäureschnee (Trockeneis) und Chloräthyl (Äthylchlorid) für die Kälteanästhesie verwendet. Wegen der Möglichkeit von Gewebeschäden durch Erfrierungen wird dies allerdings heute in der Lokalanästhesie nicht mehr verwendet. Trockeneis sublimiert bei minus 78,5 "C, das heißt bei Temperaturen, bei denen ein hohes Risiko für Erfrierungsschäden besteht. Äthylchlorid ist ein heute noch zugelassenes Kältemittel. Auch als Kältespray sind diese Stoffe im Handel erhältlich. Der Siedepunkt von Äthylchlorid liegt bei 13 "C, sodass bei seinem Einsatz keine Gewebeschädigungen für den Patienten zu erwarten sind. Allerdings wirkt Äthylchlorid als chloriertes Lösungsmittel toxisch. Beim Einatmen kann es zu Rauschzuständen bis hin zur Bewusstlosigkeit sowie zu zentraler Atem- und Kreislauflähmung bei unsachgemäßer Anwendung kommen. Es eignet sich somit allenfalls im medizinischen Bereich zur äußeren Anwendung auf intakter Haut. Ein Kontakt mit offenen Wunden oder mit den Schleimhäuten sollte jedoch vermieden werden, denn als Alky-1ierungsmittel steht es im Verdacht, Krebs auszulösen.In order to be able to cool the plastic part as quickly as possible and, if necessary, spontaneously during an operation, it is desirable to use a coolant for this purpose. However, the known coolants are not suitable for this purpose. According to Pschyrembel's "Medical Dictionary", 257th edition 1994, p. 749, carbon dioxide snow (dry ice) and chloroethyl (ethyl chloride) were previously used for cold anesthesia. However, due to the possibility of tissue damage due to frostbite, this is no longer used in local anesthesia today. Dry ice sublimates at minus 78.5 "C, i.e. at temperatures at which there is a high risk of frostbite damage. Ethyl chloride is still an approved coolant today. These substances are also available commercially as a cold spray. The boiling point of ethyl chloride is 13 "C, so no tissue damage is to be expected for the patient when it is used. However, ethyl chloride is a toxic chlorinated solvent. Inhalation can lead to intoxication and even unconsciousness, as well as central respiratory and circulatory paralysis if used improperly. It is therefore only suitable for external use on intact skin in the medical field. Contact with open wounds or mucous membranes should be avoided, however, because as an alkylating agent it is suspected of causing cancer.
Chloräthyl ist leicht entflammbar und daher im praktischen Gebrauch zusätzlich problematisch. Sein Chlorgehalt stellt außerdem eine Gefahr für die Ozonschicht der Erde dar.Chloroethyl is highly flammable and therefore problematic in practical use. Its chlorine content also poses a threat to the earth's ozone layer.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Kältemittel zur Versteifung von Kunststoffteilen vorzuschlagen, das auch bei Kontakt mit offenen Wunden oder denThe present invention is therefore based on the object of proposing a coolant for stiffening plastic parts, which also remains cool when in contact with open wounds or the
• · · a· · a
G 10427 DEG 10427 EN
Schleimhäuten einsetzbar und im praktischen Gebrauch gut handhabbar ist und keine Schädigungen der Umwelt hervorruft.mucous membranes and is easy to handle in practical use and does not cause any damage to the environment.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mit einem Kältemittel, insbesondere einem Kältespray zur zeitweiligen Versteifung von in den Körper eines Patienten einführbaren Kunststoffkörpern wie Kathetern oder dergleichen gelöst, dessen sämtliche Inhaltsstoffe umweltverträglich und biokompatibel sind. Das Kältemittel sollte außerdem zweckmäßigerweise einen Siedepunkt unterhalb der Körpertemperatur aufweisen. Es soll im Körper nicht metabolisiert werden, sondern vorzugsweise über die Lunge unverändert wieder ausgeschieden werden. Es kann beispielsweise Kohlenwasserstoffe und hier insbesondere fluorierte Kohlenwasserstoffe und deren Derivate enthalten. Es gibt Butan- und Fluoroethanverbindungen, die sowohl umweltverträglich als auch biokompatibel sind. Die reinen Kohlenwasserstoffe besitzen allerdings niedrige Flammpunkte, die das Hantieren mit diesen Substanzen risikoreich machen. Weiter können Fluoropropane oder höhere Homologe eingesetzt werden, wobei allerdings zu beachten ist, dass perfluorierte Kohlenwasserstoffe sehr lange Halbwertzeiten in der Atmosphäre besitzen, d. h. ökologisch bedenklich sind. Das vom Siedepunkt her interessante Perfluorocvclobutan (C 318) besitzt z. B. eine Halbwertzeit von mehr als 1000 Jahren.This object is achieved according to the invention with a coolant, in particular a cold spray for the temporary stiffening of plastic objects which can be inserted into a patient's body, such as catheters or the like, and all of the ingredients of which are environmentally friendly and biocompatible. The coolant should also expediently have a boiling point below body temperature. It should not be metabolised in the body, but should preferably be excreted unchanged via the lungs. It can contain, for example, hydrocarbons, in particular fluorinated hydrocarbons and their derivatives. There are butane and fluoroethane compounds which are both environmentally friendly and biocompatible. However, the pure hydrocarbons have low flash points, which make handling these substances risky. Fluoropropanes or higher homologues can also be used, although it should be noted that perfluorinated hydrocarbons have very long half-lives in the atmosphere, i.e. are ecologically questionable. Perfluorocyclobutane (C 318), for example, which is interesting in terms of its boiling point, has a half-life of 100 h. B. a half-life of more than 1000 years.
Selbstverständlich können auch Mischungen der genannten Stoffe verwendet werden. Dadurch lassen sich auch für die Anwendung der Kunststoff-Versteifung optimale Siedepunkte einstellen.Of course, mixtures of the above-mentioned substances can also be used. This also allows optimal boiling points to be set for the application of plastic stiffening.
Die nachfolgende Tabelle enthält einige Beispiele von erfindungsgemäßen Kältemitteln. Diese Beispiele stellen aber keine Beschränkung des Schutzumfangs dar. Eine bevorzugte Kältemischung besteht z. B. aus dem Äthyläther des Perfluorobutanols zusammen mit R 143.The following table contains some examples of refrigerants according to the invention. However, these examples do not represent a limitation of the scope of protection. A preferred refrigerant mixture consists, for example, of the ethyl ether of perfluorobutanol together with R 143.
G 10427 DEG 10427 EN
BezeichnungDesignation
Siedepunkt Gefahren Flammpunkt
(0C) (R-Sätze)* (0C)Boiling point Hazards Flash point
( 0 C) (R-phrases)* ( 0 C)
atmosph.atmospheric
Lebensdauerlifespan
(Jahre)(Years)
36/37/3820/21/22 -
36/37/38
- 72 0C- 72 0 C
1,1,2,2 Tetrafluoroethan1,1,2,2 Tetrafluoroethane
(R 134) - 19,9(R134) - 19.9
15,615.6
1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethan (R 134a)1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (R 134a)
- 26,5- 26.5
15,515.5
1,1,2-Trifluoroethan (R 143)1,1,2-Trifluoroethane (R 143)
++
1,1-Difluoroethan (R 152a) -1,1-Difluoroethane (R 152a) -
64,2 1,264.2 1.2
Perfluorocyclobutan (C 318)Perfluorocyclobutane (C 318)
--
> 1000> 1000
Perfluorobutanol-Methylether, bevorzugt in Mischung mit NiedersiedernPerfluorobutanol methyl ether, preferably in mixture with low boilers
no-effect kein Flap.no-effect no flap.
Niveaulevel
ppmppm
*) R-Sätze der Gefahrstoffklassifizierunq und ihre Kombinationen; *) R-phrases of the hazardous substance classification and their combinations;
R 45 : kann Krebs erzeugenR 45 : may cause cancer
R 21/22/23: gesundheitsschädlich beim Einatmen, VerschluckenR 21/22/23: harmful by inhalation, swallowing
und Berühren mit der Haut
R 23/24/25: giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührungand touching the skin
R 23/24/25: toxic by inhalation, contact and if swallowed
mit der Haut
R 36/37/38: reizt die Augen, Atmungsorgane und die Hautwith the skin
R 36/37/38: irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE20017645U DE20017645U1 (en) | 2000-10-14 | 2000-10-14 | Refrigerants, especially cold sprays |
| DE20019203U DE20019203U1 (en) | 2000-10-14 | 2000-11-11 | Refrigerants, especially cold sprays |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE20017645U DE20017645U1 (en) | 2000-10-14 | 2000-10-14 | Refrigerants, especially cold sprays |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE20017645U1 true DE20017645U1 (en) | 2000-12-28 |
Family
ID=7947654
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE20017645U Expired - Lifetime DE20017645U1 (en) | 2000-10-14 | 2000-10-14 | Refrigerants, especially cold sprays |
| DE20019203U Expired - Lifetime DE20019203U1 (en) | 2000-10-14 | 2000-11-11 | Refrigerants, especially cold sprays |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE20019203U Expired - Lifetime DE20019203U1 (en) | 2000-10-14 | 2000-11-11 | Refrigerants, especially cold sprays |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (2) | DE20017645U1 (en) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4134968A (en) | 1976-02-18 | 1979-01-16 | Lever Brothers Company | Single phase water containing aerosol compositions |
| WO1995004522A1 (en) | 1993-08-10 | 1995-02-16 | The Boots Company Plc | Spray formulation having a cooling effect |
-
2000
- 2000-10-14 DE DE20017645U patent/DE20017645U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-11-11 DE DE20019203U patent/DE20019203U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4134968A (en) | 1976-02-18 | 1979-01-16 | Lever Brothers Company | Single phase water containing aerosol compositions |
| WO1995004522A1 (en) | 1993-08-10 | 1995-02-16 | The Boots Company Plc | Spray formulation having a cooling effect |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE20019203U1 (en) | 2001-02-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| R207 | Utility model specification |
Effective date: 20010201 |
|
| R163 | Identified publications notified |
Effective date: 20010828 |
|
| R156 | Lapse of ip right after 3 years |
Effective date: 20040501 |