DE2051381A1 - Garbage incinerator - Google Patents

Description

Waste incineration plant

The invention relates to waste incineration plants and in particular those for industrial or commercial purposes and plants for Municipalities or cities to incinerate waste material.

Conventional industrial or municipal waste incineration plants contain one or more combustion chambers with drying grates with an exhaust outlet to remove the products of combustion of the waste material to release into the atmosphere. The products of combustion essentially contain hot gases, which are ash particles of various sizes, and included depending on the effectiveness of a particular design of the waste incineration plant the products of combustion are variable amounts of noxious gases and ash released into the atmosphere through the exhaust gas discharge

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be dismissed. Known incinerators have generally not been able to properly incinerate the waste material cause so that the products of imperfect combustion are made up of a large amount of harmful gases and Ashes that were released into the surrounding atmosphere in the form of dense, acrid smoke.

To get in touch with the air pollution laws has one in newer constructions of waste incineration plants a cleaning of the gaseous combustion products before their outlet provided in the atmosphere. Such exhaust gas cleaning apparatus are usually expensive and of complex construction and also, in some cases, they have not worked satisfactorily to keep the exhaust gases within the limits of air pollution laws to keep the limits drawn.

A known exhaust gas purification apparatus includes means for bringing the gaseous products of combustion into contact with water sprays to bring so that the dissolved ashes and other special particles are taken up by the water, which then is collected and fed to a suitable cleaning system. This type of exhaust gas cleaning apparatus is expensive and complex and not only contributes to the high costs and massive construction of the known waste incineration plants, but also to water pollution. Furthermore, the very high temperatures that are necessary in the chambers generate in order to obtain a good combustion, very hot exhaust gases, which can make the exhaust gas cleaning apparatus ineffective and result in undesirable pollution of the surrounding atmosphere. The arrangement of discharge cleaning apparatus thus requires a limitation of the temperature inside the combustion chamber, which contributes to the imperfect incineration inherent in various known waste incineration plants.

It is of course necessary that resources are in place to deal with the collect and dispose of solid combustion products and non-combustible material. A well-known apparatus for performing this function includes a conveyor which

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placed below the combustion chamber to solid Collect combustion products and incombustible material and feed them from the combustion chamber to a suitable disposal area. Such a conveyor is also very expensive and also requires considerable space, which further adds to the high cost and the massive Construction of the known waste incineration plants contributes.

It is therefore a primary object of the present invention to provide a new and improved waste incineration plant create which is able to achieve substantially complete incineration of the waste material and at of the substantially exhaust gases are released into the atmosphere, which are free of particulate matter, to the air and Reduce water pollution.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a new and improved waste incinerator of this type which the use of expensive and complex exhaust gas cleaning devices avoids.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a new and improved waste incinerator of this type with a swirl chamber create from solid combustion residues and incombustible Material can be discharged from the combustion chamber during the combustion process by vortex action without that expensive and complex material handling and conveying equipment must be used.

When carrying out the invention in one embodiment a waste incineration plant is provided with a combustion chamber which has spaced-apart end faces and a side wall has, whose central longitudinal axis is between the end faces extends. The chamber is preferably arranged in a working position in which its central longitudinal axis is horizontal or extends substantially horizontally. They are means

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provided to a mixture of the waste material and the air introducing under pressure into the chamber tangent to the side wall to cause a circular motion of the waste material on one of the end walls to achieve, and means are provided for igniting the waste material as it rotates. An outlet for the exhaust gases is arranged next to one end face and extends essentially concentrically to the central longitudinal axis of the chamber and a second outlet is in the region of one end face adjacent to the inner surface of the side wall to vent products of combustion and incombustible material from the chamber which is in is carried along the outer area of the vertebra. The material escaping through the second outlet is passed through a conduit fed to a separator which separates the gases and the solid material components, and means are provided to returning the separated gases and solid particles contained therein to the combustion chamber.

The exemplary embodiment of the invention will be explained in detail in the description below with reference to the accompanying drawings .

Figure 1 shows a plan view of a garbage verb according to the invention race system,

Figure 2 shows a scheme of the incinerator according to Figure 1, specifically showing the circular path of movement of the waste material within the combustion chamber is,

Figure 3 is a side view of the combustion chamber and associated separator, showing portions of the combustion chamber have broken out and shown in section, and

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FIG. 4 shows a view in section along the line 4-4 of FIG.

Referring to the drawings, a waste incinerator is shown in Figures 1 and 2, which the present invention represents and generally a size reduction unit for shredding the waste material, a pneumatic one Conveyor system that receives the shredded material, a vortex combustion chamber for receiving the shredded material, which is supplied from the pneumatic conveying system, outlet means to remove combustion residues and incombustible Material escaping from the combustion chamber to be drained therefrom, and a separator for the Separation of the gases and solids discharged from the outlet. The waste incineration plant The present invention is particularly suitable for the disposal of solid industrial and municipal wastes, e.g. B. Paper, peanut casings, Eliminate cardboard boxes, wood chips, trash, leaves, bottles, cans and flammable detergents. However, the incinerator can also liquid waste material, such as. B. Remove oils, dye sludge and coating residues from containers.

In particular, the waste incineration plant according to FIG. 1 contains a reduction unit 10 which is designed to remove the waste material to tear up or cut up and shredded into pieces that are small enough to make the combustion chamber effective can be supplied and burned there. If the waste material to be disposed of is already of an acceptable size, such as sawdust, the reduction unit 10 is not required. The unit 10 can be of any suitable construction and includes a container 12 which is open Has end 13, in which waste material is introduced for size reduction by a cutting and shredding mechanism, not shown, which is driven by a motor 14 will. After the waste material has been shredded, it is pulled into a pneumatic conveyor system, which includes a fan 16 driven by a motor 18 and the shredded

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te material is entrained in an air flow and transported through a pipe 20 which enters the combustion chamber 22 leads.

The combustion chamber 22 may have a suitable shape and is preferably cylindrical and includes a pair of end face 2 ¹ I and 26, which are connected by an annular side wall 28th The chamber 22 is preferably disposed in its operative position so that its central longitudinal axis horizontal or substantially horizontally extends between the end faces 2 ¹ I and 26, as shown in FIG. 3 If desired, the end face 26 of the chamber 22 may include an access door 30 to allow access to the interior of the chamber 22. In the particular embodiment of the invention illustrated, the side wall 28 of the chamber 22 includes an outer housing 32 (Figures 3 and 4) which is formed from a suitable material, such as, e.g. B. made of a low carbon steel and it is with one or more of the inner layers 3 ¹ * and 36 of a suitable material, such as. B. bricks surrounded. The innermost layer 3 ^ has good wear resistance, while the layer 36 can have good thermal insulation properties or conduct the heat to a remote location. The end walls 2 * 1 and 26 of the chamber 22 may similarly consist of an outer layer of low carbon steel with inner layers of bricks or bricks. In the illustrated embodiment, the tube 20 enters the chamber 22 tangential to the side wall 28 near the top of the chamber 22 adjacent the end wall 26 and on the left side of the chamber as shown in FIG. In certain applications, it may also be desirable, the tube 20 that enters into the chamber 22, to be arranged in a Bereidi which is substantially mittiß between the walls 2 ¹ I and 26th

A continuous injection of a mixture of waste material and air into chamber 22, under pressure, through the pipe

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tangential to the side wall 28, results in a circular flow of the waste material, which flows from an area next to the end wall 26 migrates clockwise to the end wall 24, as in the end wall 26 in Figure 1 or by the direction of the arrow 37 in Figure 4 can be seen. It goes without saying that the tube 20 can be arranged so that it can enter the chamber 22 on the upper right side thereof, instead of entry on the lower left side, with the direction of the vortex from clockwise in a counterclockwise transfer.

To ignite the waste material entering the chamber 22, a suitable gas burner 38 is located near the end wall 26 of FIG Chamber 22 arranged to be next to the floor and on the right side of the same, as can be seen from Figure 1, tangentially in the chamber to send pilot lights. Under conditions where a mixture of waste material and air is continuous is inserted into the chamber 22, it has been observed that the burner 38 usually after the ignition of the waste material can be switched off.

To increase the incineration of the waste material and their To maintain orbital flow, means are provided for introducing a controlled amount of secondary air into chamber 22 to be introduced continuously during the combustion process. To achieve this, a fan 40 is provided, which is driven by a motor 42 and secondary air into the Chamber 22 preferably near the bottom thereof and on the right side thereof, as can be seen from FIG. 1, introduces. the Secondary air becomes tangential to sidewall 28 in an area downstream of the area of introduction of the mixture of primary air and waste material introduced. If desired, means (not shown) for preheating the secondary air, which is introduced into the chamber 22 by the fan 40. In the arrangement described, the combustible Waste material is essentially completely burned by dissolving in a free vortex, with the heavy

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reren solid combustion residues and the non-combustible material in a circular path along the inner surface of the Hike position 34 and shift towards the end wall 24. The solid components become the inner surface of the ply pushed out by the tangential component of the vortex's velocity, while the radially inward velocity component creates a high relative velocity between the air and the combustion material, which the rate of combustion accelerates considerably.

In order to discharge the gaseous products of combustion from the chamber 22 into the atmosphere, first discharge means are provided which have a first outlet or drain 44, with an end open to the chamber in the region of the end wall 24 and substantially concentric with the central longitudinal axis of chamber 22. As best shown in Figure 3, the drain contains a hollow cylinder 46 of any suitable material extending through an opening of a casting 48, which forms part of the end wall 24. In the particular embodiment of the invention shown, contains the End wall 24 adjacent layers 50 and 52 made of suitable Material such as B. bricks, are formed, a casting and an outer ring plate 56, which by suitable (not fasteners were fastened to one another and together surround the casting 48. An annular plate surrounds the cylinder 46 and is connected to its outer periphery. The plate 57 is attached to the casting 48 on the exterior thereof Surface attached by suitable fasteners (not shown) and overlaps part of the plate 56. The panels 56 and 57 are removable in any suitable manner Manner attached to each other at their overlapping parts to detachably the drain 44 and the casting 48 with the end wall 24 to connect. The cylinder 46 is removably attached to a drain section 58 shown in FIGS and includes a vertically extending portion 58a outside of chamber 22 which extends into an open end 59 (Figure 1) ends, which is open to the atmosphere.

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In accordance with the invention, second outlet means are provided for discharging products of combustion and incombustible material from the chamber 22 during the combustion process. For this purpose, the preferred embodiment provides a second outlet 60 which has an open end 62 which is open to the chamber 22 in the region of the end wall 24 and adjacent to the inner surface of the layer 34 in order to remove combustion residues and incombustible material from the chamber, which is carried along in the outer area of the vortex, to be picked up and released. In the illustrated embodiment, the outlet 60 contains a conduit which tenwand through the sides Λ 28 extends tangentially to the latter and substantially horizontally at the top of the chamber, as can be seen from Figure 4, the open end 62 to the inner surface of the sheet 34 is open. The line 60 leads to a suitable separator and to a settling device described later. In the arrangement described, the open end 62 of the conduit 60 lies in the flow path of the combustion products and the non-combustible material which lies in the outer region of the vortex and which migrates to the end wall 24. The action of the vortex causes this material to enter open end 62 and exit chamber 22. While conduit 60 extends horizontally across the top of chamber 22 as shown in FIG. 4, it will be understood that conduit 60 may be positioned at any angle to the axis of chamber 22. For example, in certain applications it may be desirable to arrange conduit 60 so that it extends vertically and downwardly . It should also be understood that although a single conduit 60 is provided, a plurality of such conduits may be provided and, if desired, at an angle to the axis of the chamber. Furthermore, the line 60 can be replaced by a scoop device which takes up the material in the outer region of the vertebra and connects it to a line which extends through the end wall 24.

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Most, if not all, of the solid products of combustion and non-combustibles will enter line 60, when they reach the end wall 24 for the first time. However, if the material does not enter conduit 60, if it does reaches the wall 24, it is caused by the flow of hot gas which normally flows in the direction of the arrows 64 along the inner surface of the end wall 24 onto the open end 65 of the Exhaust pipe 46 flows, entrained where a low pressure region exists. When the open end of the exhaust pipe 46 with Since the end wall cuts off flush, a significant part of this material enters the exhaust pipe 46 and thus requires the arrangement of an exhaust gas cleaning device to avoid pollution of the ambient air. In accordance with According to the present invention, means are provided to reduce the amount of solid material that is released from the chamber 22 exits through the exhaust pipe 46. As shown in FIG. 3, these means include an extension of the exhaust pipe 46 into the chamber 22 so that the open end of the exhaust pipe 46 is axially away from the end wall 24. With this arrangement the solid material which does not enter conduit 60 tends to move away from the vicinity of end wall 24 move along the diameter of the outside of the exhaust pipe 46 towards its open end. Such movement increases that Residence time of the material in the chamber 22, thereby creating more complete combustion and a reduction in quantity of this material entering the exhaust pipe compared to the amount entering the exhaust pipe when its open end is flush with the end wall 24.

In order to further reduce the amount of solids which enter the exhaust pipe 46, a plate 66 is provided according to the invention, which next to the open end .The exhaust pipe is arranged to remove the solid combustion residues and deflecting incombustible material outwardly toward the inner layer 34 of the chamber 22, thereby moving it from the vicinity of the end wall 24 to the open end of the exhaust pipe 46 is directed. The arrangement is so

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met that solid material, which sin in the direction of arrows 64 moves, touches disk or plate 66 and is deflected by this in the direction of arrows 67, so that the material which has been distributed in this way is taken up again in the vortex in order to be burned further and assume movement toward end wall 24 for outlet through conduit 60. As shown in Figure 3, contains the disc 66 is preferably a plate of any suitable material in the form of a ring which is releasably, e.g. B. by Bolt 69, is attached to another annular plate 70 which is welded or otherwise to the tube 46 is attached next to its open end. As can be seen from Figure 2, the disc 66 can be over the open end of the exhaust pipe 46 and have a central opening 71 which has a smaller diameter than the inner diameter of the exhaust pipe 46. The outer diameter of the disc 66 and the diameter of its opening 71 are for optimal performance and Operating conditions designed. In certain circumstances, the disc 66 can surround the tube 46 adjacent its open end, as shown in Figure 3. The removable attachment of the drain 44 to the end wall 26 allows, as previously described, removal of exhaust pipe 46 and disc 66 from chamber 22 for replacement or replacement of pipe 46 and disk 66 if desired.

The present invention also provides a separator 72, which is used to separate the gases and the solids, which through line 60 and to drop the solid material into a suitable container 74. Of the Separator 72 is preferably a cyclone or a vortex separator, with material which has flowed off through line 60 enters the separator 72 tangentially, whereby the solid material runs out of the open end of the separator 72 and enters the container 74. Such solids exist essentially of ashes and other special substances which form in the combustion process and the same made of non-combustible material which can be disposed of in any suitable manner. During most of the solid

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Combustion residues and the non-combustible materials are delivered to the separator 72, a small part settles these substances from the bottom of the chamber 22. This settled material can be periodically removed from the chamber in any suitable manner White can be removed.

In accordance with the invention, the hot gases separated by separator 72 are returned to the Chamber 22 out. This is very beneficial because it maintains the vortex within chamber 22 and so forth cleans the gases by removing residual fly ash and moist Waste material within chamber 22 dries up. For this purpose, a line 76 extends coaxially into the separator 72 at the top of the same, so that the hot gases, which were separated by the action of the separator 72, through pulled the central low pressure area into line 76 and are fed through this line 76 to a fan 78, which driven by a motor 80 to withdraw the separated hot gases from line 76 and into the chamber to introduce. These gases are preferably introduced into the chamber 22 in a downstream area from the area of introduction of the secondary air located area introduced. However, under certain conditions, the secondary air blower ^ O can be used instead of the blower may be used to return the separated gases to chamber 22.

By means of the invention is a very efficient waste incineration system which is characterized by the discharge to the atmosphere of gases which are substantially free of solid particles so that air and water pollution are reduced will. In addition, the solid combustion residues and non-combustibles emitted from the combustion chamber during the combustion process by the vortex effect, in order to convey expensive and complex material treatment devices ζμΓ out of the combustion chamber avoid. Furthermore, expensive and complex exhaust gas cleaning apparatuses are avoided by the invention, whereby the operation the waste incineration plant take place at temperatures

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can, which are higher than those used in the presence of an exhaust gas purification apparatus. Further causes the waste incineration plant according to the invention essentially a complete incineration of the combustible waste material, resulting in an extremely high percentage reduction of the original volume of the waste.

A typical construction of the incinerator of the present invention is a combustion chamber with an inner length of 8 feet (about 2.5 m) and an inner diameter of 4 1/2 feet (about 1.35 m). The exhaust pipe 46 has an inside diameter of 2 feet (about 0.6 m) and extends into the chamber g a distance of about 16 inches (about 2.8 m) from the inside surface of the end face 24. The disc 66 has one About 35 inches / (9 m) in diameter and its opening 71 is about 2 feet (about 0.6 m) in diameter, ie the same diameter as the tube 46. Also, the conduit 60 has an internal diameter of 4 inches (0.1 m). A waste incinerator of such construction is capable of removing solid waste up to 20% moisture content and typically 10 % ash content with a calorific value of 6000 BTU per pound (approximately 0.8 KWH per kg) at a rate of 4000 pounds per hour (1800 kg per hour) to achieve a nearly 98% destruction of the combustible material. It therefore seems possible that such waste incineration plants "not burner construction more than 0.2 grain per cubic foot (about 0.028 obm) of a standard according to dry exhaust gas as a solid in the atmosphere divorces. The aforementioned results are evident with chamber temperatures of 1200 ⁰ F ( approx. 650 ⁰ C) and 2200 ⁰ F (approx. 1150 ⁰ C).

Although the invention in connection with a specific embodiment As has been described, it will be understood that various modifications can be made therein, of course can without departing from the scope of the invention.

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Claims (13)

Expectations 1.) Waste incineration plant for the incineration of waste, characterized by a combustion chamber (22) with spaced-apart end walls (24, 25) and a side wall (28), the central longitudinal axis of which extends between the end walls, a device (16, 20) for introduction a mixture of waste materials and air under pressure into the chamber (22) tangential to the side wall (28) to produce a circular motion of the waste material towards one of the end walls (24), a device (38) for igniting the waste material during its circular motion, a first exhaust gas outlet (44) with one end open towards the chamber (22), near the one end wall (24) and substantially concentric with the central longitudinal axis and a second outlet (60) with one towards the chamber (22) open end near an end wall (24) and adjacent the inner surface of the side wall (28) to exit the chamber (22) during the combustion process to remove combustion products and incombustible substances which are in the exterior Area of the vortex are entrained, with substantially solid-free gases expelled through the first outlet (44) will. 2. Waste incineration plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the open end of the first Outlet (44) is arranged axially at a distance from the one Sitrnwand (24). 3. Waste incineration plant according to claim 2, characterized in that a disc (66) is arranged next to the open end of the first outlet (44) in order to distribute the solid combustion materials and non-combustible materials to the outside towards the side wall (28) move from one end wall (24) through the open end of the first outlet (44). 109818 / 1A £ 5 4. Waste incineration plant according to claim 1, characterized gekennzeic h, n e t that a device for Separation of gases and solid material is provided, which is discharged through the second outlet (60) and that also means for recycling the separated gases and any pest bodies contained therein are provided in the combustion chamber (22). 5. Waste incineration plant according to claim 4, characterized in that the separating device a separator (72) which receives substances discharged through the second outlet (60), and a container (74) below the separator (72) for collecting pesticides which have been separated by the separator (72), take up a conduit (76) in the separator to to collect the gases that have been separated by the separator and a fan (78), which is connected to the line (76) communicates to reintroduce the separated gases into the chamber (22). 6. Waste incineration plant according to claim 1, characterized in that a device ( ¹ IO) for the introduction of secondary air into the chamber (22), tangential to the side wall (28), is provided in an area located downstream of the area where the waste is introduced. 7. Waste incineration plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the central longitudinal axis the chamber (22) extends substantially horizontally with the first outlet (44) being coaxial with the central axis through which one end wall (24) extends, and the second outlet (60) extends tangentially through the side wall (24). 8. Waste incineration plant according to claim 1, characterized in that a drainage device (44) is essentially coaxial with the central longitudinal axis 1 0 9 8 1 R / 1 / L 5 extends through an end wall (24) and has an open end (at 66) in the chamber (22) and is axially removed from one of the end walls (24). 9. Waste incineration plant according to claim 3, characterized characterized in that a disc (66) overlies the open end of the drain (44) and an opening of a diameter smaller than the diameter of the open end of the drain (44), the disc (66) is removably attached to the drain (44). 10. Waste incineration plant according to claim 3, characterized in that a connecting device (46) removably connects the drain (44) with an end wall (24), wherein the connecting device (46) from outside the chamber (22) is accessible in order to decrease the To permit outlet (44) from one end wall (24) and removal of the drain (44) and disc (66) through one of the end walls (24). 11. Waste incineration plant according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by a shredding device (10) for receiving waste and for shredding the same, a fan (16), to withdraw the shredded material from the shredding device and introduce it into a stream of air, a substantially cylindrical combustion chamber (22) which is arranged with its central axis in the Extending substantially horizontally, a conduit (20) extending between the fan and the chamber (22) for delivery the entrained comminuted matter extends into the chamber and this into the chamber tangential to the side wall (28) to produce a circular motion of the waste material towards one of the end walls (24). 1 0 9 8 1 8/1 205138Ί 12. Waste incineration plant according to claim 11, characterized in that a second outlet (60) extends tangentially through the side wall (28). 13. Waste incineration plant according to claim 12, characterized in that the line (20) the introduces comminuted material into the chamber (22) in an area adjacent the top of the chamber on one side thereof and a device (40) for introducing secondary air into the chamber (22) tangential to the side wall (28) in FIG an area which is downstream of the introduction area of the crushed particles and adjacent to the bottom of the Chamber (22) is at the opposite end of the same. IH. Waste incineration plant according to claim 11, characterized in that the waste material is introduced into the chamber (22) in an area which is adjacent to the top of the chamber, the separated gases being returned to the chamber (22) in an area which is downstream of the Is the introduction area of the waste material and which is arranged next to the bottom of the chamber (22) on the opposite side of the same. 109818 / U4E