DE1905924A1 - Method and apparatus for pulverizing and separating composite materials - Google Patents

Description

Method and apparatus for pulverizing and separating composite materials Materials The present invention relates to a method of pulverizing and separating composite materials - especially tire and insulated Wires - as well as a device for carrying out this process.

The recovery of metal from composite materials - For example, insulated wire or rubber tires - have so far been achieved by burning the combustible components of the composite materials. A disadvantage of one Such a process consists in wasting what is per se reusable combustible material. Furthermore, a certain amount of work is necessary to to separate the recovered metal from the ash and, if necessary, to purify it. This type of incineration recovery also causes air pollution, which problem is becoming increasingly important in industrial processes and especially in the scrap industry, for most materials on economical Ways could not be solved.

The aim of the present invention is to provide a method for the separation of composite materials - especially insulated wires and rubber tires - to create that does not have these disadvantages mentioned above and that without air pollution and without wasting reusable components a very economical one Allows separation of the individual components of the composite material.

It is also an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus create that works according to this procedure.

According to the invention, this is achieved in that the composite material at the same time an impact load and an air flow is exposed that then the already partially crumbled material a Ring slot with at least two material outlets-is supplied and that the heavier Components of the powdered material under the action of gravity first material outlet and the lighter constituents of the pulverized material are fed to the second material outlet under the action of the air flow.

Although the present invention is particularly useful for the separation of insulated electric wire is suitable, it can nevertheless be pulverized and separation of composite materials are used, their basic components behave differently in the air flow, d. H. a different density and / or have aerodynamic properties. Furthermore, the present invention can be used for Pulverization of sintered bronze bearings and tungsten carbide scrap and for separation heterogeneous agglomerates - such as aluminum, brass, copper, zinc slag, coal grit and various other types of slag, compounds of metal and asbestos, Metal of electronic tubes and other electrical elements, rubber tires etc. - can be used.

A device for carrying out the method according to the invention is characterized in that a rotor provided with striking elements is provided is, on the one hand in connection with at least one sub-area with a sieve-shaped outlet wall a comminution of the to be split Material causes, on the other hand, an air flow that keeps the material moving generated.

Further details of the invention will be based on the following an embodiment of the device according to the invention explained in more detail and will be described, reference is made to the accompanying drawings. Show it: Fig. 1 is a front view - partially in section - of an embodiment of the mill according to the invention, FIG. 2 is a side view of an embodiment of the separating device according to the invention and FIG. 3 is a sectional view along the line 3-3 of Eig. 2.

In the following, reference should be made to FIG. 1, in which a mill 10 consisting of an outer housing 12 and a mill housing 14 is shown is. The mill housing 14 has a vertically arranged, stationary wall 16 which - as shown - is preferably cylindrical. Between the outer housing 12 and the cylindrical wall 16 of the mill housing 14 is a Annular gap 18 is provided. At the lower end of the outer housing 12 is a first material outlet 20 is provided, which is in connection with the annular gap 18. One also with the Annular gap 18 communicating, second material outlet 22 is in the upper right quadrant of the mill 10 is provided. The cylindrical wall 16 is in her lower left quadrant provided with a sieve-shaped outlet 24 through which air and the smallest particles can get out of the mill housing 14. The rest Abrasion plates 26 are attached to the inner surfaces of the wall 16.

While the above-described arrangement of the outlets 20, 22, 24 particularly appears advantageous, amendments can nevertheless be made with regard to their local Assignment can be made. In general, it appears to be useful if the Wall 16 provided with abrasion plates 26 extends approximately over 3000 and the sieve-shaped Outlet 24 extend over 600.

However, these ratios can vary depending on the pulverized and material to be separated can be changed to a very great extent. For certain applications the sieve-shaped outlet 24 can be provided with an abrasion-resistant coating.

Inside the cylindrical wall 16 is a coaxial with the same A rotor 28 rotatable about a horizontal axis is provided and is mounted on its hub 30 has radially outwardly extending wings 32, at the ends of which are interchangeable Striking elements 34 are provided which extend up to the vicinity of the inner surface of the wear plates 26 extend.

The rotor 28 is driven by a suitable drive source, not shown set in rotation. The wings 32 accelerate the material for impact pulverization and also generate an air flow. The wings can be curved, if desired be to improve the air flow generated within the device or the to increase generated air pressures.

The interior of the mill housing 14 projects through an opening 40 and a Channel 38 with a funnel 36 in connection, through which material the Rotor 28 can be fed in the region of its hub 30. This is where the material takes place feed to the mill 10 laterally, but preferably in the center of Rotor, with the materials receiving an axial component of movement.

As can be seen from FIG. 1, the mill housing is 14 laterally offset with respect to the outer housing 12, so that the annular gap 18 with respect to its cross-section from a minimum value in the left quadrant to a maximum value on the right quadrant of the mill 10 increases. The outer housing 12 results together with the wall 16 an essentially constant cross section of the annular gap 18 in the upper left quadrant. The cross section of the lower left quadrant is However adjustable so that the air speed within the annular gap 18 is set can be. For this purpose, an arcuate control plate 44 is provided which be adjusted with respect to the wall 16 by means of a rack and pinion arrangement 48 can, with the control plate 44 attached at 46. The control plate 44 forms preferably a segment of the cylindrical wall 16; to control the air speed However, it can also have a different shape. By means of the rack and pinion arrangement 48 is arranged such that the cross section of the annular gap 18 between the control plate 44 and the wall 16 from the outside of the outer housing during operation 12 can be set.

Preferably in the area of the upper wall of the outer housing 12 a flap valve 50 is arranged. This flap valve 50 can, however, also in the upper left quadrant of the mill 10. This flap valve 50 is such pivoted that it is between an open and a closed position of the annular gap 18 can be pivoted, whereby the air flow is influenced.

Below the outer wall 12 - d. H. in the area of the first material outlet 20 - a sluice 52 is provided, which the passage of the separated by gravity Allows constituents into a sump 54 while the airflow is exiting is prevented from inside the outer housing 12 so that within the same the air pressure generated by the rotor 28 is maintained. The second material outlet 22 is also connected via a pipe 58 to a collecting vessel 56, which for serves to receive the components ejected from the second material outlet 22.

The present invention differs from known mills of this kind, by on the one hand by gravity, on the other hand by influencing the air simultaneous pulverization and separation is carried out. The mill 10 pulverizes namely not only the material, but also creates a dusty one Airflow. The choice of the amount and flow rate of air depends on the relative density and / or the aerodynamic properties of the components to be separated away. By providing a lock 52 and externally adjustable elements, can continuous feeding of the mill 10 can be carried out.

The mode of operation of the mill 10 shown in FIG. 1 is as follows: The composite material to be shredded and separated is through the Opening 40 introduced into the mill housing 14. The rotor 28 rotates in the through Direction indicated by the arrow, the material being affected by impact and / or cutting action the wings 32 and flapping elements 34 in cooperation with the abrasion plates 26 is crushed or pulverized. This continues until the material is comminuted in such a way that it has a predetermined diameter through the openings of the sieve-shaped outlet 24 falls through. An accumulation of the Materials a cutting and / or squeezing effect is additionally produced at the sieve-shaped outlet 24 of the crushed material, the same through the openings of the sieve-shaped Outlet 24 is pushed through.

An essential feature of the present invention is the training and mode of operation of the rotor 28 with its blades 32, by means of which for material separation a certain air flow is generated. In this case, a certain occurs within the mill 10 Air pressure without the need for any external pumping units. The blades 32 can be flat or any other, an air stream have generating training. The optimal speed of rotation of the rotor 28 is chosen depending on the material to be pulverized and split, where Peripheral speeds on the order of 100 m / sec (18,000 fpm) as typical appear.

The crushed material and that set in motion by the rotor 28 Air are through the sieve-shaped outlet 24 into the annular gap 18 in the area of arcuate control plate 44 passed, as indicated by the dashed lines Is indicated by arrows. A counterclockwise flow occurs in the direction of the second material outlet 22.

The material is separated by the fact that the lighter components of the pulverized material is entrained by the air stream and the second material outlet are fed while the heavier components of the material are under the action the force of gravity into the chamber formed by the outer housing 12 and from there into Direction of the first material outlet 20 fall. The lighter ones, from the second Material outlet 22 discharged components are a Collection vessel 56 supplied. The flap valve 50 normally bridges the annular gap 18 for as long the mill 10 is used for the separation of the material, and facilitates the Air flow represented by the arrows, while the entire annular gap is under one Air pressure.

Depending on the specific gravity and / or aerodynamic properties of the constituents of the material to be split can increase the air speed the annular gap 18 can be regulated by suitable adjustment of the control plate 44.

A reduction in the cross section of the annular gap 18 increases the air speed, while an enlargement of the annular gap 18 reduces the same. For example, if the difference in the relative densities of the individual components is great and the Components are relatively heavy, the air speed can be adjusted by adjusting the Control plate 44 can be increased. However, if the relative densities of the components relatively similar, but the aerodynamic properties are very different, the air speed can be reduced by lowering the control plate 44 will. The constituents of the material separated by gravity are separated from the the first material outlet 20 is fed to the collecting container 54 through the lock 52, which allows a continuous operation with no loss of air pressure or contamination caused in air by entrained particles.

The mill 10 described above allows for many compound Adequate separation of materials. With rubber insulated Gage 14 and heavier Copper wires, for example, is the difference in the relative densities of the insulation materials of the wire so high that a separation with a very high degree of purity is achieved can be. The actually heavier wire particles are thereby through the first Material outlet 20 discharged with a degree of purity of up to 99% and more. Thinner insulated copper wires can also be handled by the control board 44 is set appropriately.

The mill 10 described above is also more heterogeneous for pulverizing Materials such as aluminum, brass, copper, zinc slag, carbon black and various other types of slag, compounds of metal and asbestos, metal of electronic Tubes and other electrical elements, rubber tires, etc., are suitable. With these Materials, the impacting pulverization effect causes the oxide masses to break, surrounding the metal grains. The metal grain then falls out of the air stream in the direction of the first material outlet 20, while the more finely powdered oxides through the Air flow are fed to the collecting container 56.

The mill 10 can also be used to process homogeneous products not used perfectly during a pass through an ordinary Break open the mill.

So far, there have been products - for example sintered bronze bearings - pulverized in a ball mill or other type of pulverizer to order to recover the bronze powder. At the end of a certain cycle time was then the mill emptied and the fine powder mechanically separated from the larger particles. The larger particles were then returned to the mill with additional sintered parts given and reprocessed, then separated again, etc. When used the mill 10 according to the invention, this additional separation process can be eliminated, since the fine powder is blown out through the second material outlet 22 while the heavier particles are discharged through the first material outlet 20. That from the material outlet 20 dispensed material is then again fed to the mill 10 until the whole fragments are pulverized to a size are that they are entrained by the air stream and fed to the collecting vessel 56. Other material treated in this way is for reclamation scrap to be pulverized from tungsten carbide powder, sintered iron parts, cobalt metal blocks etc.

With certain types of wire - especially fine aluminum wire - the insulating material formed either with rubber or on a tar base are, the difference in weight is not large enough to by means of the mill 10 alone achieve a satisfactory separation with sufficient purity. For example, if the percentage of the non-metallic dispensed through the first material outlet 20 Particles is larger than 5%, one is connected to the first material outlet 20 Separating device is necessary, which will be described in the following. Ever Depending on the application, a degree of purity of 99% and more can be achieved will. In the case of very fine wire with an insulation whose density is that of the wire is similar, the function of the mill 10 is to fragment and disintegrate of the components. The flap valve 50 is then in its open position. the all of the fine products are then passed through the air stream to the second material outlet 22 and thus fed to the collecting vessel 56, with the still in the intermediate line separating device to be described is arranged.

Fig. 2 and 3 of the drawing cells a separator 60 for further Purification of the components discharged from the second material outlet 22 of the mill 10 The separating device 60 consists of a channel 62 which is based on conventional Vibrators 64 is attached, whereby the same is vibrated in the longitudinal direction. Within the bottom of the channel 62 is a plurality of openings 65 for the passage of air intended. A floor provided within the channel 62 is formed by a plurality formed by movable plates 68a-h which form an elongated path from inlet to to the outlet. The inside floor panel 66 is from the actual floor of the channel 62 arranged at a certain distance, whereby an air channel is formed is. The plates 68a-h overlap one another with a certain distance therebetween occurs so that the individual particles fall from one plate 68a-h to the other, as soon as they are caused by the vibratory movement of the vibrators 64 from left to right be moved. The vertical offset of the plates 68a-h results between the individual Plate slots 72a-h. A chamber 74 closes off the upper surface of the channel 62. The elastic seals 76 provided along the chamber wall 74 result an air seal between the chamber wall 74 and the channel 62.

The chamber wall 74 is provided with the outlet 78, which has a Pipeline 80 with a suction fan or fan, not shown, in connection which generates an air flow within the separating device 60. One at the outlet end of the channel 62 arranged opening results in a gravity discharge for the collected, heavier particles.

A plurality of movable diverter plates 84a-h are under one attached to the chamber wall 74 at a certain angle relative to the vertical. the Longitudinal movement of the deflector plates 84a-h is made possible by a rack and pinion arrangement 86, which can be operated from the outside by means of an adjusting lever 88. At the top Edge of each diverting plate 84a-h is an angled extension 90, on which a Air volume control flap 92 is pivotally attached. These Succeed 92 can choose between an open one - i.e. one essentially parallel to the diverter plate 84a-h extending position to be pivoted to a closed position en, in which the space between the individual discharge plates 84a-h is closed is. The pivoting movement of these flaps 92 can be adjusted by means of an adjusting handle 94 can be achieved. The individual discharge plates 84a-h are arranged next to one another in such a way that that they are slightly behind the rear edge of the plates 68a-h or the slots 72a-h are arranged> the meaning of this arrangement in the following should still be described.

The mode of operation of the separating device 60 is illustrated by the arrows in FIG Fig. 2 made clear: From the inlet end of the channel 62 is through the openings 65 in the air duct 70 present below the base plate 66 and within the Slits 72a-h present between the plates 68a-h generate an air flow which fed along the discharge plates a-h into the chamber 74 and from there to the outlet 78 will.

The mixture of the material to be separated, which consists of light components 96 and heavy components 98 - in Fig. 2 as white circles and black dots is fed through a funnel 73 at the inlet end of the channel 62. By the vibrators 64 and 64 kept in motion in the longitudinal direction of the channel 62 the air flow maintained within it becomes the material to be separated 96, 98 in the direction of the outlet opening 82 located at the end of the channel 62. Every time the material slides over one of the plates 68a-h and at the end the same falls onto the next plate 68a-h, takes it through the slots 72a-h flowing air the lighter components 96 in the direction of the baffle plates 84a-h with. The heavier components 98 continue to slide on the plates 68a-h and are finally released from the channel 62 through the opening 82.

To the materials passed through the separating device 60 depending on the density and / or aerodynamic properties of the individual components differ to influence, the separating device 60 is with control means for influencing the rate of flow of the air stream within the through the plates 68a-h formed slots 72a-h provided. The air volume control flaps are used for this purpose 92 are provided, which can be controlled by means of a rack arrangement 86. By properly setting these items, both the percentage of carried Particles as well as the location where the lighter components 96 are carried can be adjusted as required. In the illustration according to FIG For example, for the first time between the plates 68c and 68d by the within the Slit 72c generated air flow lighter constituents 96 entrained. This can can be achieved by the deflection plates 84a and bWwelcome in the closed Portion are brought, the air flow flowing through the slots 72a and b is prevented. The desired air flow distribution in the area of the remaining Diverting plates 84d-h can be achieved by suitable adjustment of the control flaps 92 will.

A longitudinal movement of the deflecting plates 84a-h also enables one Adjustment of the air flow through the slots 72a-h by depending on the position the lower edge of the deflection plates 84a-h in relation to the plates 68a-h a larger one or a smaller air flow is generated above the same. By lowering the Diverting plate 84b closer to plate 68c, for example, the air flow through the slot 72c can be increased. However, when the diverter plate 84c upward away from the plate 68c is moved, a larger volume of air is along the top Surface of the bottom plate 66 for the air flow between the deflector plates 84a-h are available so that the flow of air within the slot 72c decreases. By adjusting the air flow through the channels 72a-h in this way can set the desired flow rates to take away a particular Materials will be achieved. A possibly even more favorable setting can be used achieve in that the deflection plates 84a-h are designed to be angularly adjustable will.

The separating device 60 is in particular in connection with the mill 10 can be used for further processing and separation of the derived material. For example, if the material discharged from the first material outlet has a Has a degree of purity of less than 95% - as is the case with certain Wires can be the case if the properties of the wire and the insulation are very similar - the collecting container 54 with the funnel 73 of the separating device 60 connected for further processing of the material. If that's out of the opening 82 dispensed after a single pass through the separator 60 then still does not have a sufficiently high degree of purity, the same can be done again through the separating device 60 - or through similar separating devices 60 - out until the desired degree of purity is achieved.

In the case of very fine wires with light insulation, the mill is used 10 preferably for shredding the wire and loosening the insulation from the Metal. All of the shredded material is then carried along by the air flow and fed through the second material outlet 22 to the collection vessel 56. The separator 60 is then connected to the Samnel vessel 56 and the shredded material is separated, the insulating particles being discharged through outlet 78 as lighter particles 96 while the wire particles as o ¢ hwerore Beatand parts 98 through the outlet opening 82 can be submitted.

Finally it should be noted that - if this should be desired - A cyclone discharge (not shown) can be connected to the pipeline 80.

Although the above invention is particularly in connection with dicing and separation of metallic components has been described, so it is but it is evident that various other conglomerates or composite materials with different air flow properties with the device according to the invention can be processed. For example, it is in the processing of cocoa beans necessary to split them up and the outer shell from the actual bean to separate. By a suitable modification of the device according to the invention -d. H. by appropriately adjusting the speed of the rotor 28 and the air flow rate within the annular gap 18 of the mill 10 or the slots 72a-h of the separating device 60 - can such processing in the mill 10 or the combined system from mill 10 and separator 60 take place. It is evident that different Modifications and changes can be made within the scope of the present invention can. For example, the position of the sieve-shaped outlet 24 can be within the mill 10 can be changed or the spatial shape of the blades 32 or the wall 16, while still applying the principles of the present invention to pulverization and separation can be used. In the same way, the spatial arrangement of the adjustable elements - for example those of the deflector plates 84a-h or the plates 68a-h or the outlet openings 78, 82 - can be changed without departing from the principle the cascade separation for material separation is removed.

The plate 66 can also be changed5 um for the individual Use case to allow movement of the particles and slots 72a-h for to produce the material.

The vibrating plates 68a-h can, for example, by individual Endless conveyor belts are replaced, which cascade the powdered material transport.

Claims (21)

PATENT CLAIMS Ability to pulverize and separate composite materials - In particular rubber tires and insulated wires - characterized in that the composite material to be pulverized at the same time as an impact load and is exposed to a stream of air that subsequently that which has already partially crumbled Material is fed to an annular slot with at least two material outlets and that the heavier constituents of the pulverized material are affected the 5chwerkraPt the first material outlet and the lighter constituents of the pulverized Material fed to the second material outlet under the action of the air flow will. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that then the pulverized, already partially split material over several, in a cascade arranged Ele-edge is moved and that between the individual flat elements a stream of air is blown in, which entrains the lighter components. Device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that a rotor (28) provided with striking elements (34) is provided is, on the one hand in connection with at least one sub-area with a sieve-shaped outlet (24) provided wall (16) a comminution of the to be split Materials, on the other hand, an air flow that keeps the material moving generated. 4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that in the lower A first material outlet (20) provided with a lock (52) is provided in the area is that the pulverized material under the action of gravity a collecting container (54) supplies. 5. Apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that an annular gap (18) is provided around the wall (16) which extends in the direction a second material outlet (22) expanded. 6. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the width ~ des Annular gap (18) with the help of an arcuate control plate that can be pivoted up and down (44) can be influenced. 7. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the arcuate Control plate (44) opposite the sieve-shaped outlet (24) of the wall (16) is arranged. 8. Apparatus according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the arcuate control plate (44) by means of. an externally operable rack and pinion arrangement (48) can be actuated. 9. Device according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that that on the feed side of the sieve-shaped outlet (24) an annular gap (18) closes off Flap valve (50) is provided. 10. Device according to one of claims 3 to 9, characterized in that that the wall (16) has a cylindrical shape and in relation to the rotot (28) arranged coaxially it. 11. Device according to one of claims 3 to 10, characterized in that that the rotor (28) has a plurality of radially arranged blades (32). 12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that the sieve-shaped outlet (24) of the wall (16) on the inlet side of the first material outlet (20) is arranged and that the for the airborne, pulverized Second material outlet (22) serving material in relation to the first material outlet (20) is arranged at least 900 in the direction of rotation of the rotor (28). 13. Device according to one of claims 2 to 12, characterized in that that a separating device (60) is additionally connected to the second material outlet (22) is that within a channel (62) several obliquely overlapping elements (68a-h), on which the material to be separated is moved, and daR slots (72a-h) are provided between the individual elements (68a-h) which an air flow is guided. 14. The apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the Elements (68a-h) are plates which vibrate in the longitudinal direction by means of vibrators (64) are set. 15. Apparatus according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that that between the elements (68a-h) and the bottom plate (66) is a distance through which an air duct (70) is formed. 16. Device according to claims 13 to 15, characterized in that that above the channel (62) a chamber wall (74) is arranged, which above of the end of the channel (62) has an outlet (78). 17. Device according to claims 13 to 16, characterized in that that above the elements (68a-h) inclined deflection plates (64a-h) are provided between which the light components carried in the air (96) are led upwards. 18. The device according to claim 16, characterized in that the Air flow between the inclined deflector plates (64a-h) by means of air volume control flaps (92) is controllable. 19. The device according to claim 18, characterized in that the Deflection plates (64a-h) assume a certain angle with respect to the plates (68a-h) and that between the deflection plates (64a-h) and the plates (68a-h) a certain Distance is provided. 20. The device according to claim 19, characterized in that the The position of the deflection plates (64a-h) can be adjusted from the outside. 21. The device according to claim 18, characterized in that the air volume control flaps (92) can be actuated from outside the chamber wall (74). L e r s e i t e