EP3291915B1 - Comminuting machine comprising a rotor system and method for comminuting feedstock - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a crushing machine with a rotor system, in particular a Messerringzerspaner, in which the feed material pneumatically transported in the axial direction in the central region of a rotor and in the radial direction of the annularly arranged around the rotor crushing tools is arranged in the radial direction in a ring around the rotor in which an insert is arranged in the central region according to claim 1 and a method for comminuting feedstock according to claim 16.

For the production of eg chipboard or OSB boards, wood must be provided in long chips. For this one uses Messerringzerspaner, as for example from the DE 32 47 629 are known.

The wood to be cut is first fed through a feeder in the form of an air classifier. The wood or feed material is passed through a viewing passage in which relatively heavy particles are separated out. So the wood to be shredded is pre-cleaned. The transverse air flow, which causes the sighting, serves at the same time as a promotional force that conveys the feed material into the crushing space of the crushing machine.

The feed material hits there on a rotor and is deflected by this in the radial direction and past a knife ring, which concentrically surrounds the rotor. On the knives of the knife ring, the feed material is processed to the desired long chips.

It is a known problem here that the feed material deflected in the radial direction always strikes the blades of the blade ring in the same relatively limited area, so that they wear out more in this limited area, while at the same time the blades are hardly worn in adjacent areas of the blade ring cutter.

To solve this problem is for example in the publication DE 198 48 233 proposed to redirect the pneumatically supplied feed material over several axially successively staggered arranged baffles with increasing diameters in the radial direction, so as to distribute the feed material over the entire axially available area evenly.

Due to the staggered arrangement of the baffles but there is the problem that axially incoming feed crosses trajectories of already deflected in the radial direction feed and thus it can cause collisions of individual pieces of wood, which complicates the trouble-free operation of a corresponding crushing machine accordingly.

To circumvent this problem, it is proposed in particular in the cited prior art to form the input area of the central area in a rectangular shape. Thus, an input opening is provided with a comparatively small height but with a width over the entire inner diameter of the rotor.

However, this design has the disadvantage that the flow cross-section, through which the feed material is pneumatically conveyed, is restricted to a considerable extent. Thus, the possible passage amount of feed material is limited accordingly.

In addition, it is disregarded in this solution that there is no absolutely uniform distribution of the incoming feed material over the width of the resulting inlet opening. Rather, it is to be expected that the distribution profile of the feed stream has a maximum in the middle region and relative minimums in the lateral regions. In this way, the baffle disks, which are in the axial direction forward, ie in the middle, are substantially more heavily loaded with feed material than the baffle disks, which are located further in the axial direction, in the width, essentially on the outside. Accordingly, the knives will experience increased wear on the upstream area, while at the downstream end the knives will wear less.

A uniform as desired wear distribution is thus not guaranteed.

Another form of use is for example from the DE 26 01 384 known. However, the subject of this earlier document can not be transferred to the subject matter of the present application due to the fundamentally different way of promoting the feedstock in the crushing space. While in this known device, the feed to be crushed is fed through a chute, controlled with the feed material at low speed and passed to a predetermined location in a crushing chamber, in the presently discussed invention of a pneumatic feed with the aid of an air flow with appropriate speed is assumed , So that the feed material arrives here with high kinetic energy in the crushing space to absorb and then selectively fed in the radial direction of the crushing tools. In addition, this device has the disadvantage that the incoming material is always supplied to the crushing tools in the lower part of the crushing machine, but not over the entire circumference of the crushing machine. The wear is in certain area of the crusher, in which the material is discharged, especially in the lower area, significantly higher than the other areas. A uniform as desired wear distribution is thus not guaranteed.

The object of the present invention is therefore to further develop a comminution machine having a rotor system, in particular a knife ring chipper as described above, and a method for comminuting feed material in a comminution machine in such a way that the problems explained are reduced and, in particular, a better distribution of the feed material in the rotor becomes.

This object is achieved for the crushing machine according to claim 1 characterized.

The invention has the advantage that the insert can be designed so that it covers the entire vertical input surface of the central region. A Design of the input surface with a substantially rectangular shape can thus be avoided and the total available area for the incoming feedstock can thus be chosen larger. This eliminates in particular a kind of aperture, which obstructs the flow of the material flow.

By the arrangement of separate chambers, e.g. by identifying in particular extending in the radial direction sidewalls, is also to avoid that already deflected feed material collides with incoming feed material. The reliability of the device is increased in this way.

In addition, the design with chambers, in particular by the side walls has the advantage that this creates a deadweight effect. The entering into the chambers material is transported in this at least partially a little way. The incoming material is taken through the use of its chambers from areas with a high volume of material in areas with a lower material volume and thus fed evenly to the crushing tools.

The insert should be decoupled from the other components of the crusher, such as the rotor or shredders. In particular, by the motor driving it this decoupling arises from the crushing machine, since the use is independent and thus independently of the rotation of the rotor and / or the crushing tools betreibar.

Due to the design of the access openings to the chambers, which are located in the vertical input surface of the central area, and the amount of the fed through the individual chambers feed can be determined. This can also influence the distribution of the feed over the axial length of the knives.

Preferably, the feed material entering the insert is also delivered in radially different regions.

In the context of the present invention, the term "embodiment" is understood to mean, in particular, the size and the shape of the access openings. In particular, it is proposed to design the access opening as circular sectors, preferably as quarter-circle sectors, since in this way a particularly uniform distribution of feed material onto the chambers can be achieved.

The outlet openings of the chambers provided on the insert preferably lie in the radial direction on the circumferential surface bounding the insert. In particular, in the case of the chambers or chambers, which are to bring the feed material in the furthest rearmost region, this outlet opening can also be arranged in the axial direction, whereby the insert can have a shorter overall length. This not only brings a reduced space for use with it, but in particular also has the advantage that the use as such can be smaller.

This is particularly advantageous when the insert is rotatable, as this reduces the inertial mass which is to be accelerated and moved during a corresponding rotation. The insert should in particular be designed independently and decoupled from the other components of the system. A coupling of the insert to the blade ring or the rotor would not be advantageous, as this would not achieve a uniform distribution of the feed material in the crushing machine.

In an alternative embodiment, however, it is also possible to set the insert in rotation by the stream conveying the feedstock. In such a case, the substantially radially extending side walls of the chambers or the insert can then be formed in particular in its axial extent in the form of a turbine blade.

Since especially in the case of the rotatability of the insert it is to be expected that the individual particles of the feed material will strike the said side walls of the chambers, these side walls may preferably be provided with wear protection. This can be either applied hard coatings or even welded or screwed protective plates, etc., which may also be interchangeable if necessary.

For the shape of the insert in particular the shape of a truncated cone is proposed. The top surface of this truncated cone is then in the region of the input surface of the central region, while the base of this truncated cone is accordingly arranged further upstream in the direction of flow. The widening in the flow direction course of the lateral surface of the truncated cone allows in particular a more uniform promotion of the feed material as would be expected, for example, in a cylindrical shape of the insert.

It has been found in a preferred embodiment that an external air opening in the flow direction of the pneumatically conveyed feed material may be advantageous before use. As a result, a more uniform flow is achieved within the insert and in this existing chambers, which benefits the desired homogenization of the feed material distribution in the rotor.

A further advantageous embodiment provides that the insert is arranged outside the axis of the rotor and / or at an angle to the input surface of the central region. The angle to the input surface of the central region can be seen both horizontally and vertically to the input surface of the central region. The arrangement of the insert to the input surface may be stationary or preferably move along with the rotation of the insert.

Alternatively or in combination with the aforementioned embodiments, the chambers may have different geometries and / or different axial depths. Under the geometry fall while the size of the chambers as well as the size and arrangement of the inlet and outlet openings from the chambers. Differently sized circular sectors as well as different axial depths can further improve the distribution of the feed material in the rotor. A matched to the material flow or even variable change in the inlet and outlet openings of the insert allow targeted control of the flow of material. The outlet openings can also be arranged in different axial depths.

Furthermore, it is possible to arrange the side walls of the chambers or of the insert at an angle to the solder on the radial direction of the insert. Through this inclined side walls improved absorption of the feed material or the material flow in the rotor is achieved.

The side walls of the chambers or the insert may alternatively or in combination, in particular also in its axial extent and / or bent perpendicular thereto. For example, these may be formed similar to a turbine blade.

In an advantageous embodiment, the insert, optionally with its motor, is integrated in the door of the comminution machine. On the one hand, this makes it possible to retrofit existing machines with such a device. On the other hand, the accessibility of the interior of the crushing machine is guaranteed.

Preferably, one or more drivers can be arranged in the chambers. The one or more drivers, which are arranged between the two side walls of a chamber, preferably centrally, may be constructed in their configuration similar to the side walls, wherein their axial length is less than the radius of the insert. Due to the carriers, the feed material experiences a further impulse, which further optimizes the distribution of the feed material in the comminution machine. Preferably, the drivers are provided with a wear protection element.

Alternatively, in or on the insert, preferably on the lateral surface and / or the bottom surface, guide elements are arranged, which can selectively direct the feed material or the material flow both inside and outside of the insert. By the targeted arrangement of guide elements of the material flow or the feed material can be distributed and directed more advantageously and gentle on the material. The material quality and shape of the feed material thus remains virtually intact until contact with the comminution tools.

Preferably, the guide elements are arranged outside the chambers. Among other things, this can reduce the influence of air currents on the flow of material within the comminution machine, and the flow of material can be fed to the comminuting tools almost unaffected. In addition, the guide elements can also serve for wear protection.

Alternatively or in combination, the speed of the insert can be controlled or regulated via a control device, in particular as a function of the material flow. The speed can always be adjusted to an optimum operating point, which provides the desired distribution of the feed material.

Preferably, the speed of the insert is independent of the speed of the blade ring and / or the rotor, preferably less than the speed of the Knife ring and / or the rotor in order to achieve an optimal distribution of the feed material over the entire crushing machine.

Furthermore, the wear protection may have a deviating from the side surface geometry. The wear protection, for example, have a sawtooth-like geometry. Due to the special geometry of the material flow or the feed material in the chambers can be further influenced and improved. The geometry of the wear protection can also vary depending on the discontinued material. By adapting the wear protection element to the feed material or the material flow and the coordinated exchange of the wear protection element in the comminution machine, improved distribution and comminution of the feed material can be achieved.

As a further solution, a method for comminuting feed material is specified, wherein in the central area of the comminution machine an insert assigns the incoming feed material to separate chambers, wherein the insert is rotatably driven by a motor and delivers the feed material in axially and radially different regions.

The insert forms an independent unit within the comminution machine, which is decoupled from the other components such as rotor or comminution tools.

Preferably, the feedstock is deflected in use from its original movement and undergoes acceleration. Through the use and its movement creates a deadweight effect, which moves the feed material from its original, rather falling motion, thus ensuring an even distribution within the crusher.

In another embodiment, the feed material is at least partially accelerated in use against gravity and thus increasingly fed into areas of the crushing machine, which would be exposed without use a low flow of material.

Alternatively or in combination, the speed of the insert is regulated or controlled, in particular depending on the material flow. In addition to the distribution of Material flow into the chambers and in the crusher and the power requirement can be matched to the material flow and optimized.

It is within the scope of the invention that the insert rotates at a speed independent of the speed of the blade ring and / or the rotor, preferably at a speed lower than the speed of the blade ring and / or rotor.

Further advantageous measures and embodiments of the subject matter of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the following description with the drawings. The following illustrations are not to be regarded as individual case solutions, but also contain general information and task solutions. Individual sentences are to be seen as individual characteristics.

Fig. 1

einen Schnitt durch eine Zerkleinerungsmaschine mit vorgeschaltetem Schwergutabscheider,

Fig. 2

einen Einsatz mit separaten Kammern in der Schnittansicht,

Fig. 3

eine weitere Ausgestaltungsform eines Einsatzes in der Schnittansicht,

Fig. 4

einen Einsatz in der Draufsicht und

Fig. 5

eine weitere Ausgestaltungsform eines Einsatzes in der Draufsicht.

Show it:

Fig. 1

a section through a crushing machine with upstream heavy material separator,

Fig. 2

an insert with separate chambers in the sectional view,

Fig. 3

a further embodiment of an insert in the sectional view,

Fig. 4

an insert in the plan view and

Fig. 5

a further embodiment of an insert in plan view.

In FIG. 1 is a crushing machine 8 according to the invention with upstream heavy material separator 4 shown. For crushing material or feed material, in particular coarser wood parts are placed on a vibrating trough 1 and promoted by this with the aid of an unbalance motor 2. The material is passed over a magnetic roller 3, are separated with the ferromagnetic impurities from the falling of the vibrating trough 1 material.

The material flow 29 falls into a heavy material separator 4, where it is cascaded over pivotable baffles 5.

By means of a blower 6, an air flow 30 is injected laterally from below into the heavy material separator 4 at a speed of about 15 to 20 m / s and diverted via a baffle plate 7 such that feed material falling from the baffles 5 onto the baffle 7 runs along the guide plate 7 is blown up. It is the Speed of the air flow 30 adjusted so that depending on the specific gravity impurities such as stones o. of the air stream 30 can not be moved along the baffle 7 upwards, but fall down from the heavy material separator 4.

The feed material collected by the laterally incoming air flow 30 is blown or transported into the actual comminution machine 8.

This crushing machine 8 has on the outside a knife ring 9, which has a plurality of radially inwardly standing knives whose cutting edges extend in the axial direction. The knife ring 9 may be either fixed or is rotated about its central axis by a corresponding drive.

Coaxially to this blade ring 9, a rotor 10 is arranged, which is set via a shaft 11 in rotation. Possibly. the direction of rotation of this rotor 10 is preferably opposite to the direction of rotation of the knife ring. 9

Radially outward, this rotor 10 rotor blades 12 which extend parallel to the blades of the knife ring 9 and run close to these knives, so that is machined by the rotor blades 12 while passing on the knives feed. The chips forming in this process are removed from the shredding machine 8 by a discharge chute 13 arranged below the knife ring 9.

In the central region 14 of the rotor 10 sits in the example shown here, an insert 15 in the form of a distribution rotor. This distributor rotor is in the FIGS. 2 to 5 shown separately. It has essentially the shape of a truncated cone, but can also be designed otherwise.

It can be seen that the insert 15 has a plurality of separate chambers 16, 17. In this task occurs input parallel to the axis corresponding to from 18 through the arranged on the top surface of the insert 15 access openings.

While in here in FIGS. 2 and 3 Chamber 16 shown above, the feed material in the radial direction is discharged through a located on the conical peripheral surface of the insert 15 side opening 19 from the chamber 16 from the insert 15, the entering into the chamber 17 feed through a at the the Base surface of the insert 15 forming end face of the insert 15 located bottom opening 20 discharged with an axial component.

In this way, as in the Fig. 1 can be seen, guided through the chamber 16 part of the material flow 29 in an axially front portion A on the rotor and thus on the knife ring 9, while guided through the chamber 17 part of the material flow 29 in an axially rear region B on the Rotor 10 and thus are performed on the blades of the knife ring 9.

The arrangement of the side opening 19 or also the bottom opening 20 ensures in particular that the feed material emerging from the insert 15 or the outgoing material stream 29 impinges precisely on the rotor 10 in the intended areas, which are assigned to them.

In addition, as in FIG. 3 represented, in or on the insert 15 guide elements 31, 32 may be arranged to selectively direct the incoming and outgoing material. The guide elements 32 arranged in the insert 15 give the material an additional impulse in the direction of the side opening 19 or the bottom opening 20. The shape of the guide elements 32 can be straight or curved. Furthermore, these can also be arranged in sections. The guide elements 31 arranged on and thus outside of the insert 15 on the one hand serve to guide the material to the comminuting tools, here the blades of the knife ring 9, into the area A, B. On the other hand, these guide elements 31 can influence the swirling action on the feed after exiting from the side opening 19 and the bottom opening 20 minimize. Furthermore, the guide elements 31 can additionally serve for wear protection, such as, for example, the guide element 31 arranged behind a bottom opening 20, as in FIG FIG. 3 shown. This guide element 31 prevents the material emerging from the insert 15 from being guided to the rear wall of the comminuting machine 8, but rather is directed toward the comminuting tools in the area B. The arranged guide elements 31, 32 can all be realized individually or in any combination with each other.

In the embodiment shown here, it is provided that the distributor rotor has a total of four chambers, each forming a quarter sector of the truncated cone-like insert 15. In the example shown here so alternate in the circumferential direction chambers 16, 17, the side openings 19 at the Have peripheral surface of the insert 15 and those that have bottom openings 20 on the front or bottom surface of the insert 15.

In principle, it is also possible to divide the insert 15, for example, in six or even more substantially circular sectors covering chambers 16, 17, said chambers 16, 17 each have associated in different axial depths corresponding side openings in the lateral surface of the distribution rotor. This is accompanied by an even greater homogenization of the feed material distribution in the axial direction of the comminuting machine 8.

As a result, the blades of the knife ring 9 are loaded uniformly over their length and thus wear evenly.

A key aspect is that the insert rotates 15 as in FIG. 4 and 5 is shown by the direction of rotation 21. This rotation is preferably in the same direction as the direction of rotation of the rotor 10. The insert 15 is driven by a motor 22 via a shaft 23. This leads, on the one hand, to the fact that the material flow 29 guided through the insert 15 is directed outwards in the radial direction and, on the other hand, due to the rotational movement of the insert 15 in the direction of rotation 21, the material flow 29 in the circumferential direction via the rotor 10 or via the knife ring 9 is distributed. As a result, the wear of the blades of the knife ring 9 is further equalized.

Since the individual particles of the feed material strike the side walls 24 of the chambers 16 and 17 as a result of the rotation of the insert 15, they are provided with flat wear protection elements 25 screwed on in the present case. If these wear protection elements 25 are worn, they can be exchanged, so that the service life of the device is extended accordingly.

Furthermore, it may be advantageous that within the insert 15 or a chamber 16, 17, one or more drivers 33 are arranged. The drivers 33 additionally exert an impulse on the feed material and thereby improve the distribution of the material flow in the comminution machine 8. The entrainment members 33 preferably have a longitudinal extension which does not extend to the peripheral surface of the insert 15. By the driver 33 also the size of the access opening into the chamber 16, 17 is not reduced as in the use of an insert with a larger number of chambers 16, 17 would be the case. These drivers 33 may additionally have a wear protection element 25.

It has been found that it is advantageous to enrich the material flow 29 when entering the insert 15, if necessary with external air 26, from an external air opening 27 arranged upstream of the insert 15. It is thus necessary to prevent undesired negative pressures or fluidic dead spaces within the rotating insert 15 from forming, in which feed material can accumulate. Thus, the distribution of the feed material along the axial length of the rotor 10 is improved by this external air 26.

It should be mentioned that the insert 15 proposed here with its motor 22 etc. may also be attached to a door 28 carrying it. This can be retrofitted with a corresponding rotatable insert 15, if necessary, in their basic concept comparable crushing machines. List of Reference P0183WO 1 Vibrationsrinne 19 side opening 2 vibrator 20 bottom opening 3 magnetic roller 21 direction of rotation 4 heavy particle 22 engine 5 baffle 23 wave 6 fan 24 side walls 7 baffle 25 Wear protection elements 8th crusher 26 external air 9 knife ring 27 Foreign air opening 10 rotor 28 door 11 wave 29 material flow 12 rotor blade 30 airflow 13 chute 31 vane 14 Central area 32 vane 15 commitment 33 takeaway 16 chamber 17 chamber A Area 18 direction B Area

Claims (18)

1. Comminuting machine with a rotor system, in particular a knife ring cutter, in which feed material is pneumatically conveyed in the axial direction into a central region of a rotor (10) and supplied to comminuting tools which are arranged in a radial direction in the form of a ring around the rotor (10), wherein an insert (15) is arranged in the central region (14), characterized in that the insert (15) is rotatably driven by a motor (22) and assigns the input surface of the central region (14) to separate chambers (16, 17) which each deliver the feed material entering them into axially different regions.
2. Comminuting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the insert (15) covers the entire substantially vertically disposed input surface of the central region (14).
3. Comminuting machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the separate chambers (16, 17) have side walls (24) extending in the radial direction, which are optionally provided with a wear protection element (25), which preferably has a geometry deviating from the side surface (24).
4. Comminuting machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the chambers (16, 17) have access openings which substantially have the shape of circular sectors.
5. Comminuting machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insert (15) has chambers (16) with outlet openings (19) which are arranged on the jacket surface delimiting the insert (15) in the circumferential direction and/or the insert (15) has chambers (17) with outlet openings (20) which are arranged on the bottom delimiting the insert (15) in the axial direction.
6. Comminuting machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a foreign air opening (27) is arranged upstream of the insert (15) in the flow direction of the pneumatically conveyed feed material.
7. Comminuting machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insert (15) is arranged outside the axis of the rotor (10) and/or obliquely to the input surface of the central region (14).
8. Comminuting machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the chambers (16, 17) have different geometries and/or different axial depths.
9. Comminuting machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the side walls (24) are arranged at an angle to the perpendicular to the radial direction of the insert (15).
10. Comminuting machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the side walls (24) are bent in the radial direction and/or perpendicular thereto.
11. Comminuting machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insert (15) is integrated in the door (28) of the comminuting machine.
12. Comminuting machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that drivers (33) which are optionally provided with a wear protection element (25) are arranged in the chambers (16, 17).
13. Comminuting machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that guide elements (31, 32) are arranged in or on the insert (15), in particular on the jacket surface and/or the bottom surface, and/or that the guide element (31) is arranged outside the chambers (16, 17).
14. Comminuting machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotational speed of the insert (15) can be controlled or regulated via a control device, in particular as a function of the material flow (29).
15. Comminuting machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotational speed of the insert (15) is independent of the rotational speed of the knife ring (9) and/or the rotor (10), preferably lower than the rotational speed of the knife ring (9) and/or the rotor (10).
16. Method for comminuting feed material in a comminuting machine, in particular in a comminuting machine according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 15, wherein the feed material is pneumatically conveyed in the axial direction into a central region of a rotor (10) and is fed to comminuting tools, which are arranged in the radial direction in a ring-shaped manner around the rotor (10), characterized in that in the central region (14) of the comminuting machine an insert (15) assigns the incoming feed material to separate chambers (16, 17), wherein the insert is rotatably driven by a separate motor and discharges the feed material in axially and radially different regions (A, B).
17. Method according to claim 16, characterized in that the feed material in the insert (15) is deflected from its original movement and undergoes acceleration, and/or that the feed material in the insert (15) is accelerated at least partially against gravity.
18. Method according to one of the preceding claims 16 to 17, characterized in that the rotational speed of the insert (15) is regulated or controlled, in particular as a function of the material flow (29), and/or that the insert (15) rotates at a rotational speed independent of the rotational speed of the knife ring (9) and/or the rotor (10), preferably at a rotational speed lower than that of the knife ring (9) and/or the rotor (10).

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