DE19833285A1 - Production of polymers in powder form, e.g. useful as cosmetic or pharmaceutical additives, by polymerization in preformed supercritical carbon dioxide - Google Patents
Production of polymers in powder form, e.g. useful as cosmetic or pharmaceutical additives, by polymerization in preformed supercritical carbon dioxideInfo
- Publication number
- DE19833285A1 DE19833285A1 DE19833285A DE19833285A DE19833285A1 DE 19833285 A1 DE19833285 A1 DE 19833285A1 DE 19833285 A DE19833285 A DE 19833285A DE 19833285 A DE19833285 A DE 19833285A DE 19833285 A1 DE19833285 A1 DE 19833285A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- carbon dioxide
- acid
- monomers
- polymers
- polymerization
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 239000000490 cosmetic additive Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 title 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003701 inert diluent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 16
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229940063559 methacrylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 11
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 10
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 5
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000005396 acrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC=C XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 dimethylamino propyl Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- GHLKSLMMWAKNBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1,12-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCCCCO GHLKSLMMWAKNBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- HMYBDZFSXBJDGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(ethenyl)imidazolidin-2-one Chemical compound C=CN1CCN(C=C)C1=O HMYBDZFSXBJDGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DPBJAVGHACCNRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCOC(=O)C=C DPBJAVGHACCNRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophenol Chemical compound SC1=CC=CC=C1 RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UNVGBIALRHLALK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-Hexanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCCCO UNVGBIALRHLALK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XWJBRBSPAODJER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,7-octadiene Chemical compound C=CCCCCC=C XWJBRBSPAODJER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GQEKAPMWKCXNCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-bis(ethenyl)-1,4-dioxane Chemical compound C=CC1(C=C)COCCO1 GQEKAPMWKCXNCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KUDUQBURMYMBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-prop-2-enoyloxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOC(=O)C=C KUDUQBURMYMBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SXFJDZNJHVPHPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylpentane-1,5-diol Chemical compound OCCC(C)CCO SXFJDZNJHVPHPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGFSQVPRCWJZQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Decen-1-ol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCC=C QGFSQVPRCWJZQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVJKKWFAADXIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Allylamine Chemical compound NCC=C VVJKKWFAADXIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001414 amino alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoin Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MKUWVMRNQOOSAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-en-2-ol Chemical compound CC(O)C=C MKUWVMRNQOOSAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 2
- CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)O CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QMVPMAAFGQKVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N citronellol Chemical compound OCCC(C)CCC=C(C)C QMVPMAAFGQKVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C\C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PFURGBBHAOXLIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,2-diol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1O PFURGBBHAOXLIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- UIZVMOZAXAMASY-UHFFFAOYSA-N hex-5-en-1-ol Chemical compound OCCCCC=C UIZVMOZAXAMASY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005397 methacrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- ZQXSMRAEXCEDJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenylformamide Chemical class C=CNC=O ZQXSMRAEXCEDJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VSMOENVRRABVKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oct-1-en-3-ol Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)C=C VSMOENVRRABVKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N putrescine Chemical compound NCCCCN KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioglycolic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CS CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VPYJNCGUESNPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triallylamine Chemical compound C=CCN(CC=C)CC=C VPYJNCGUESNPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XFNJVJPLKCPIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCCN XFNJVJPLKCPIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRMNJXQBRPJVQV-JCYAYHJZSA-N (2r,3r)-2,3-dihydroxybutanediamide Chemical compound NC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(N)=O GRMNJXQBRPJVQV-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHPBZFOKBAGZBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethylpentyl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)C(C)(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C JHPBZFOKBAGZBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N (9Z)-octadecen-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCO ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002818 (Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QMVPMAAFGQKVCJ-SNVBAGLBSA-N (R)-(+)-citronellol Natural products OCC[C@H](C)CCC=C(C)C QMVPMAAFGQKVCJ-SNVBAGLBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQQRXZOPZBKCNF-NSCUHMNNSA-N (e)-but-2-enamide Chemical compound C\C=C\C(N)=O NQQRXZOPZBKCNF-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M .beta-Phenylacrylic acid Natural products [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NWRZGFYWENINNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-tris(ethenyl)cyclohexane Chemical compound C=CC1CCCCC1(C=C)C=C NWRZGFYWENINNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWVMLYRJXORSEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,6-Hexanetriol Chemical compound OCCCCC(O)CO ZWVMLYRJXORSEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940015975 1,2-hexanediol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZUOWZYKPIITVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-triethoxy-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound CCON1C(=O)N(OCC)C(=O)N(OCC)C1=O ZUOWZYKPIITVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQPJDJVGBDHCAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diazinan-2-one Chemical compound OC1=NCCCN1 NQPJDJVGBDHCAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSMOENVRRABVKN-MRVPVSSYSA-N 1-Octen-3-ol Natural products CCCCC[C@H](O)C=C VSMOENVRRABVKN-MRVPVSSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PSFOIBGTOPUJFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-[2-[4-(2-hydroxypropyl)phenyl]propan-2-yl]phenyl]propan-2-ol Chemical compound C1=CC(CC(O)C)=CC=C1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(CC(C)O)C=C1 PSFOIBGTOPUJFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDHGFCVQWMDIQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-2-methylimidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1C=C BDHGFCVQWMDIQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWYVGKFDLWWQJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylazepan-2-one Chemical compound C=CN1CCCCCC1=O JWYVGKFDLWWQJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylimidazole Chemical compound C=CN1C=CN=C1 OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HKNNAYPWWDWHFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-sulfanylbutan-1-ol Chemical class CCCC(O)S HKNNAYPWWDWHFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AEUVIXACNOXTBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-sulfanylpropan-1-ol Chemical class CCC(O)S AEUVIXACNOXTBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GIEMHYCMBGELGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10-undecen-1-ol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCC=C GIEMHYCMBGELGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FRPZMMHWLSIFAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10-undecenoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC=C FRPZMMHWLSIFAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCTXKRPTIMZBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4-trimethylpentane-1,3-diol Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)C(C)(C)CO JCTXKRPTIMZBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZZVAVMGKRNEAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diol;3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO.OCC(C)(C)C(O)=O CZZVAVMGKRNEAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YAJYJWXEWKRTPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,4,4,5-hexamethylhexane-2-thiol Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)(C)C(C)(C)C(C)(C)S YAJYJWXEWKRTPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFRKYCJLCQRYTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dimethylhexane-1,3-diol Chemical compound CC(C)CC(O)C(C)CO OFRKYCJLCQRYTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVTLBBWTUPQRAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanobutan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylbutanenitrile Chemical compound CCC(C)(C#N)N=NC(C)(CC)C#N AVTLBBWTUPQRAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OLQFXOWPTQTLDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOCCO OLQFXOWPTQTLDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWXMAAYKJDQVTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOCCOC(=O)C=C RWXMAAYKJDQVTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJIXRGNQPBQWMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(diethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SJIXRGNQPBQWMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QHVBLSNVXDSMEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(diethylamino)ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)C=C QHVBLSNVXDSMEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPGIOSOCXHTQGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dipropylamino)ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)CCOC(=O)C=C HPGIOSOCXHTQGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HAZULKRCTMKQAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenylbutanamide Chemical compound CCCC(=O)NC=C HAZULKRCTMKQAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IUWVWLRMZQHYHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenylpropanamide Chemical compound CCC(=O)NC=C IUWVWLRMZQHYHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- DBSDMAPJGHBWAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N penta-1,4-dien-3-ylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC(C=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 DBSDMAPJGHBWAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WEAYWASEBDOLRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,2,5-triol Chemical compound OCCCC(O)CO WEAYWASEBDOLRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCVRQHFDJLLWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)CO WCVRQHFDJLLWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940068917 polyethylene glycols Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000909 polytetrahydrofuran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- FBCQUCJYYPMKRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC=C FBCQUCJYYPMKRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTECDUFMBMSHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)C=C QTECDUFMBMSHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012966 redox initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006798 ring closing metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium disulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000010262 sodium metabisulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,2-dimethylpropaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C(C)(C)C OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHILTCGAOPTOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrakis(ethenyl)silane Chemical compound C=C[Si](C=C)(C=C)C=C UFHILTCGAOPTOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AKRQMTFHUVDMIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrakis(prop-2-enyl)silane Chemical compound C=CC[Si](CC=C)(CC=C)CC=C AKRQMTFHUVDMIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- UIERETOOQGIECD-ONEGZZNKSA-N tiglic acid Chemical compound C\C=C(/C)C(O)=O UIERETOOQGIECD-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002703 undecylenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003673 urethanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K8/81—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- A61K8/817—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen; Compositions or derivatives of such polymers, e.g. vinylimidazol, vinylcaprolactame, allylamines (Polyquaternium 6)
- A61K8/8182—Copolymers of vinyl-pyrrolidones. Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K8/81—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- A61K8/8141—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- A61K8/8147—Homopolymers or copolymers of acids; Metal or ammonium salts thereof, e.g. crotonic acid, (meth)acrylic acid; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K8/81—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- A61K8/8141—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- A61K8/8152—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters, e.g. (meth)acrylic acid esters; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K8/81—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- A61K8/817—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen; Compositions or derivatives of such polymers, e.g. vinylimidazol, vinylcaprolactame, allylamines (Polyquaternium 6)
- A61K8/8176—Homopolymers of N-vinyl-pyrrolidones. Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/04—Polymerisation in solution
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/54—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids
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- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von pulverförmigen Polymerisaten durch radikalische Polymeri sation von monoethylenisch ungesättigten Monomeren in über kritischem Kohlendioxid, gegebenenfalls in Gegenwart von Vernetzern und Radikale bildenden Substanzen sowie die Ver wendung der Polymerisate.The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing of powdery polymers by radical polymers sation of monoethylenically unsaturated monomers in over critical carbon dioxide, optionally in the presence of Crosslinkers and radical-forming substances as well as the Ver application of the polymers.
Es ist allgemein bekannt, überkritisches Kohlendioxid als Lösungsmittel bei der Herstellung von Polymerisaten durch radikalische Polymerisation einzusetzen. So wird beispielsweise in der EP-A 220 603 ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von unver netzten pulverförmigen Polymerisaten auf Basis von N-Vinyl-Mono meren und/oder ethylenisch ungesättigten Carbonsäureestern durch radikalische Polymerisation in überkritischem Kohlendioxid be schrieben. In der EP-A 239 035 ist die Herstellung von vernetz ten pulverförmigen Polymerisaten auf Basis von monoethylenisch ungesättigten Carbonsäuren, deren Amiden und/oder Estern durch Polymerisation in überkritischem Kohlendioxid beschrieben. Bei den bekannten Verfahren wird im allgemeinen die Reaktionsmischung und flüssiges Kohlendioxid in einem Druckgefäß vorgelegt und dann durch Temperatur- und Druckerhöhung der überkritische Zustand herbeigeführt. Nachteilig ist daran jedoch, daß aufgrund unein heitlicher Löslichkeiten der Monomeren und Vernetzer im Lösungs mittel Produkte mit uneinheitlicher Morphologie oder uneinheit licher chemischer Zusammensetzung entstehen können. In einzelnen Fällen kann es zu einer unerwünschten Massepolymerisation der Einsatzstoffe kommen, bevor die Substanzen gelöst sind. Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung war es, ein verbessertes Verfahren für die Herstellung vernetzter Polymerisate zu finden.It is generally known as supercritical carbon dioxide Solvent in the production of polymers to use radical polymerization. For example in EP-A 220 603 a process for the production of un wet powdery polymers based on N-vinyl mono mer and / or ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid esters radical polymerization in supercritical carbon dioxide wrote. EP-A 239 035 describes the production of crosslinked ten powdery polymers based on monoethylenic unsaturated carboxylic acids, their amides and / or esters Polymerization in supercritical carbon dioxide is described. At The known method is generally the reaction mixture and liquid carbon dioxide placed in a pressure vessel and then the supercritical state by increasing the temperature and pressure brought about. The disadvantage, however, is that due to disagreement uniform solubilities of the monomers and crosslinkers in the solution medium Products with inconsistent morphology or inconsistency Licher chemical composition can arise. In individual Cases can lead to an undesired bulk polymerization of the Feedstocks come before the substances are dissolved. task The present invention was to provide an improved method for to find the production of cross-linked polymers.
Demgemäß wurde ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von pulverförmigen Polymerisaten durch radikalisch initiierte Polymerisation von monoethylenisch ungesättigten Monomeren, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe der monoethylenisch ungesättigten Carbonsäuren, deren Amiden und Estern, der N,N-Diallylamine und der N-Vinylmonomere, oder Gemischen dieser Monomeren, in überkritischem Kohlendioxid als inertem Verdünnungsmittel gefunden, welches dadurch gekenn zeichnet ist, daß man zunächst das Kohlendioxid im Reaktions raum durch Druckerhöhung auf Drücke von oberhalb 73 bar und Temperaturen größer 31°C in den überkritischen Zustand und auf eine Reaktionstemperatur von bis zu 100°C bringt, und dann die Einsatzstoffe zudosiert.Accordingly, a process for producing powdery Polymers by radical-initiated polymerization of monoethylenically unsaturated monomers selected from the Group of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, the Amides and esters, the N, N-diallylamines and the N-vinyl monomers, or mixtures of these monomers, in supercritical carbon dioxide Found as an inert diluent, which is characterized is that you first the carbon dioxide in the reaction space by increasing the pressure to pressures above 73 bar and Temperatures greater than 31 ° C in the supercritical state and brought to a reaction temperature of up to 100 ° C, and then metered in the feed materials.
Die Polymerisation wird unter Druck in überkritischem Kohlen dioxid als inertem Verdünnungsmittel durchgeführt. Über die Eigenschaften von Kohlendioxid in flüssigem und im überkritischen Zustand berichtete J. A. Hyatt, J. Org. Chem. 49, 5097-5101 (1984). Danach liegt der kritische Punkt von Kohlendioxid bei etwa 31°C und 73 bar. Die Polymerisation wird bevorzugt unter Druck in überkritischem Kohlendioxid bei Temperaturen oberhalb von etwa 31°C, der kritischen Temperatur des Kohlendioxids, vor genommen. Als obere Grenze für die Herstellung der Polymerisate wird diejenige Temperatur angesehen, die 10°C oberhalb des be ginnenden Erweichungsbereiches der jeweiligen entstehenden Poly merisate liegt. Der obere Wert für diese Temperaturgrenze beträgt für die meisten Polymerisate 150°C. Die Polymerisation wird vorzugsweise in dem Temperaturbereich von 30 bis 130°C durch geführt. Die Reaktionstemperatur muß nicht konstant gehalten sein; man kann auch ein stufen- oder rampenförmiges Temperatur profil einstellen. Es empfiehlt sich zu Beginn der Reaktion Temperaturen im Bereich von 31 bis 100°C einzustellen. Die Drücke liegen dabei oberhalb von 73 bar, vorzugsweise in dem Bereich von 80 bis 300 bar, besonders bevorzugt von 120 bis 250 bar.The polymerization is under pressure in supercritical coal performed dioxide as an inert diluent. About the Properties of carbon dioxide in liquid and in supercritical Condition reported by J. A. Hyatt, J. Org. Chem. 49, 5097-5101 (1984). After that, the critical point of carbon dioxide lies about 31 ° C and 73 bar. The polymerization is preferred under Pressure in supercritical carbon dioxide at temperatures above of about 31 ° C, the critical temperature of the carbon dioxide taken. As the upper limit for the production of the polymers the temperature is considered to be 10 ° C above the be beginning softening range of the respective resulting poly merisate lies. The upper value for this temperature limit is for most polymers 150 ° C. The polymerization will preferably in the temperature range from 30 to 130 ° C guided. The reaction temperature does not have to be kept constant his; one can also have a step or ramp temperature set profile. It is advisable to start the reaction Set temperatures in the range from 31 to 100 ° C. The pressures are above 73 bar, preferably in the range of 80 to 300 bar, particularly preferably from 120 to 250 bar.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man zunächst im Reaktionsraum Kohlendioxid in festem, flüssigem oder gasförmigem Zustand in an sich üblichen Druckapparaturen vorlegt, danach durch Erhöhung des Drucks auf Werte von über 73 bar und der Temperatur auf Werte über 31°C das Kohlendioxid in den überkritischen Zustand überführt, dann die Reaktions temperatur einstellt und anschließend die Einsatzstoffe zu dosiert. Man kann auch das Kohlendioxid im überkritischen Zustand in den Reaktionsraum einbringen und dann zudosieren.The inventive method is characterized in that one first in the reaction space carbon dioxide in solid, liquid or gaseous state in conventional pressure equipment submitted, then by increasing the pressure to values above 73 bar and the temperature to values above 31 ° C the carbon dioxide converted to the supercritical state, then the reaction temperature and then the input materials dosed. One can also see the carbon dioxide in the supercritical state Introduce into the reaction space and then meter in.
Die Einsatzstoffe wie Monomere, Radikalstarter, Vernetzer und gegebenenfalls Polymerisationsregler können einzeln oder als Mischungen zudosiert werden. So kann es sich beispielsweise empfehlen, die Radikalstarter in den Monomeren zu lösen. Welche Vorgehensweise man wählt, hängt im wesentlichen von den Löslich keiten der einzelnen Komponenten untereinander und im Ver dünnungsmittel ab. Gewünschtenfalls können Einsatzstoffe im Verlauf der Reaktion zudosiert werden (Semibatch-Fahrweise).The input materials such as monomers, radical initiators, crosslinkers and if necessary, polymerization regulators can be used individually or as Mixtures are added. For example, it can recommend dissolving the radical initiators in the monomers. Which The procedure you choose depends essentially on the solubility of the individual components with each other and in ver thinners. If desired, feedstocks in the The course of the reaction can be metered in (semi-batch mode).
Die Polymerisationsreaktion wird mit Hilfe von in Radikale zer fallende Polymerisationsinitiatoren gestartet. Es können sämt liche Initiatoren eingesetzt werden, die für die Polymerisation der Monomeren bekannt sind. Geeignet sind beispielsweise in Radikale zerfallende Initiatoren, die bei den jeweils gewählten Temperaturen Halbwertzeiten von weniger als 3 Stunden besitzen. Falls die Polymerisation bei unterschiedlichen Temperaturen durchgeführt wird, indem man die Monomeren zunächst bei einer niedrigeren Temperatur anpolymerisiert und anschließend bei einer deutlich höheren Temperatur auspolymerisiert, so verwendet man zweckmäßigerweise mindestens zwei unterschiedliche Initiatoren, die in dem jeweils gewählten Temperaturbereich eine ausreichende Zerfallsgeschwindigkeit haben.The polymerization reaction is broken down into radicals falling polymerization initiators started. It can all Liche initiators are used for the polymerization of the monomers are known. For example, in Radically disintegrating initiators at the chosen Temperatures have half-lives of less than 3 hours. If the polymerization occurs at different temperatures is carried out by first the monomers at a polymerized lower temperature and then at a polymerized significantly higher temperature, so one uses expediently at least two different initiators, sufficient in the temperature range selected Have decay rate.
Bezogen auf 100 Gew.-Teile der Monomerenmischung verwendet man 100 bis 3000, vorzugsweise 200 bis 1500 Gew.-Teile Kohlendioxid. Es ist vorzugsweise wasserfrei. Die Polymerisationsreaktion kann diskontinuierlich oder auch kontinuierlich unter Durchmischung der Reaktionspartner in entsprechend ausgelegten Druckapparaten durchgeführt werden. Um die bei der Polymerisation entstehende Wärme abzuführen, ist es wünschenswert, daß die Druckapparaturen über ein Kühlsystem verfügen. Sie müssen selbstverständlich ebenso auch beheizbar sein, um die Reaktionsmischung auf die jeweilige für die Polymerisation gewünschte Temperatur zu erhitzen. Die Druckapparaturen sollten über Mischeinrichtungen verfügen, z. B. Rührer (Blatt-, Impeller-, Mehrstufenimpuls gegenstrom-, Wendel-Rührer) oder Schaufeln.Based on 100 parts by weight of the monomer mixture is used 100 to 3000, preferably 200 to 1500 parts by weight of carbon dioxide. It is preferably anhydrous. The polymerization reaction can discontinuously or continuously with thorough mixing the reaction partner in appropriately designed pressure equipment be performed. The resulting from the polymerization To dissipate heat, it is desirable that the printing equipment have a cooling system. You have to of course also be heated to the reaction mixture on the respective temperature desired for the polymerization heat. The pressure equipment should be above mixing devices have, e.g. B. stirrer (blade, impeller, multi-stage pulse counterflow, spiral stirrer) or paddles.
Nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren lassen sich pulverförmige
vernetzte oder unvernetzte Polymerisate der folgenden Zusammen
setzung herstellen:
Powdered crosslinked or uncrosslinked polymers of the following composition can be prepared by the process according to the invention:
- a) 60 bis 99,99 Gew.-% eines monoethylenisch ungesättigten Monomeren, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus mono ethylenisch ungesättigten Carbonsäuren, deren Amiden und/oder deren Estern mit Aminoalkoholen, der N-N-Diallylamine und N-Vinylmonomeren oder Mischungen dieser Monomeren,a) 60 to 99.99 wt .-% of a monoethylenically unsaturated Monomers selected from the group consisting of mono ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, their amides and / or their esters with amino alcohols, the N-N-diallylamines and N-vinyl monomers or mixtures of these monomers,
- b) 0 bis 10, vorzugsweise 0,001 bis 10 Gew.-% eines mindestens zwei ethylenisch ungesättigten vernetzend wirkenden Monome ren, undb) 0 to 10, preferably 0.001 to 10 wt .-% of at least one two ethylenically unsaturated crosslinking monomers ren, and
- c) 0 bis 30 Gew.-% weiterer radikalisch polymersierbarer monoethylenisch ungesättigter Monomeren.c) 0 to 30% by weight of further free-radically polymerizable monoethylenically unsaturated monomers.
Als Monomeren der Gruppe (a) kommen zunächst monoethylenisch
ungesättigte Carbonsäuren in Betracht. Die wichtigsten Vertreter
dieser Gruppe sind beispielsweise monoethylenisch ungesättigte C3-
bis C5-Carbonsäuren, wie Acrylsäure, Methacrylsäure, Vinylessig
säure, Itaconsäure, Crotonsäure, alpha-Methylcrotonsäure, alpha-
Ethylacrylsäure, Dimethylacrylsäure, alpha-Chloracrylsäure und
Vinylmilchsäure. Ebenfalls geeignet sind die Amide von mono
ethylenisch ungesättigten Carbonsäuren, z. B. Acrylamid, Meth
acrylamid, Crotonsäureamid und Itaconsäureamid. Zu den Monomeren
der Gruppe (a) gehören außerdem Ester aus monoethylenisch
ungesättigten Carbonsäuren und Aminoalkoholen der Formel (I)
Monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids come into consideration as monomers of group (a). The most important representatives of this group are, for example, monoethylenically unsaturated C 3 - to C 5 -carboxylic acids, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, vinyl acetic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, alpha-methylcrotonic acid, alpha-ethyl acrylic acid, dimethylacrylic acid, alpha-chloroacrylic acid and vinyl lactic acid. Also suitable are the amides of mono-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, e.g. As acrylamide, meth acrylamide, crotonic acid amide and itaconic acid amide. The monomers of group (a) also include esters of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids and amino alcohols of the formula (I)
in der R = C2- bis C6-Alkylen, R1, R2 = H, CH2, C2H5, C3H7 bedeutet. Vorzugsweise handelt es sich hierbei um Di-C1- bis C3-Alkylamino-C2- bis C8-alkylacrylate bzw. -methacrylate. Einzelne Vertreter dieser Monomeren sind beispielsweise Dimethylaminoethylacrylat, Dimethylaminoethylmeth acrylat, Diethylaminoethylmethacrylat, Diethylaminoethylacrylat, Dipropylaminoethylacrylat, Dimethylaminopropylacrylat, Dimethyl aminopropylmethacrylat, Dimethylaminobutylacrylat, Dimethylamino butylmethacrylat, Dimethylaminoneopentylacrylat, Dimethylamino neopentylmethacrylat und Dimethylaminohexylacrylat.in which R = C 2 - to C 6 -alkylene, R 1 , R 2 = H, CH 2 , C 2 H 5 , C 3 H 7 . These are preferably di-C 1 -C 3 -alkylamino-C 2 -C 8 -alkyl acrylates or methacrylates. Individual representatives of these monomers are, for example, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl acrylate, dipropylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminopropylacrylate, dimethylamino propyl methacrylate, dimethylaminobutyl acrylate, dimethylamino butyl methacrylate methacrylate methacrylate methacrylate methacrylate methacrylate methacrylate methylacrylate,
Weiterhin eignen sich N,N-Diallylamine der allgemeinen
Formel (II),
N, N-diallylamines of the general formula (II) are also suitable,
worin R4 für einen C1-C24-Alkylrest steht, bevorzugt N,N-Diallyl- N-methylamin.wherein R 4 is a C 1 -C 24 alkyl radical, preferably N, N-diallyl-N-methylamine.
Solche Diallylamine reagieren unter den erfindungsgemäßen Poly
merisationsbedingungen unter Ringschluß:
Such diallylamines react under the polymerization conditions according to the invention with ring closure:
Von den Monomeren der Gruppe (a) verwendet man vorzugsweise Acrylsäure, Methacrylsäure, Acrylamid und/oder Methacrylamid. Verwendet man als Monomer (a) Acrylsäure, so erhält man durch Copolymerisation mit den Monomeren der Gruppe (b) eine vernetzte Polyacrylsäure, entsprechend liefert der Einsatz von Acrylamid als Monomer der Gruppe (a) vernetzte Polyacrylamide. Setzt man als Monomere der Gruppe (a) Mischungen aus Acrylsäure und Acrylamid ein, so erhält man bei der Copolymerisation vernetzte Copolymerisate aus Acrylamid und Acrylsäure. Eine weitere Variation der vernetzten Copolymerisate wird dadurch möglich, daß man entweder Acrylsäure zusätzlich in Gegenwart von Dimethyl aminoethylacrylat oder Acrylamid in Gegenwart von Dimethylamino ethylacrylat zusammen mit den Monomeren (b) und gegebenenfalls den Monomeren der Gruppe (c) der Copolymerisation unterwirft. Da die Monomeren der Gruppe (a) in jedem beliebigen Verhältnis mit einander copolymerisierbar sind, ergibt sich eine Vielfalt von Variationsmöglichkeiten bezüglich der Zusammensetzung der ver netzten Copolymerisate.The monomers of group (a) are preferably used Acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamide and / or methacrylamide. If acrylic acid is used as monomer (a), one obtains by Copolymerization with the monomers of group (b) a crosslinked Polyacrylic acid, accordingly the use of acrylamide provides Cross-linked polyacrylamides as group (a) monomer. Puts as monomers of group (a) mixtures of acrylic acid and Acrylamide, so you get crosslinked in the copolymerization Copolymers of acrylamide and acrylic acid. Another Variation of the crosslinked copolymers is possible that either acrylic acid in addition in the presence of dimethyl aminoethyl acrylate or acrylamide in the presence of dimethylamino ethyl acrylate together with the monomers (b) and optionally subject to the monomers of group (c) of the copolymerization. There the monomers of group (a) in any ratio are copolymerizable with each other, there is a variety of Possibilities of variation regarding the composition of the ver wetting copolymers.
Weiterhin eignen sich als Monomere (a) N-Vinylmonomere wie N-Vinyllactame, beispielsweise N-Vinylpyrrolidon oder N-Vinyl caprolactam, N-Vinylcarbonsäureamide, die sich von gesättigten C1- bis C6-Carbonsäuren ableiten z. B. N-Vinylformamid, N-Vinyl- N-methylformamid, N-Vinylacetamid, N-Vinyl-N-methylacetamid, N-Vinylpropionamid, N-Vinyl-N-methyl-propionamid, N-Vinylbutyr amid oder N-Vinylcapronamid sowie N-Vinylimidazol und 2-Methyl-N vinylimidazol.Also suitable as monomers (a) are N-vinyl monomers such as N-vinyl lactams, for example N-vinyl pyrrolidone or N-vinyl caprolactam, N-vinyl carboxamides which are derived from saturated C 1 - to C 6 -carboxylic acids, for. B. N-vinylformamide, N-vinyl-N-methylformamide, N-vinyl acetamide, N-vinyl-N-methylacetamide, N-vinyl propionamide, N-vinyl-N-methyl propionamide, N-vinyl butyramide or N-vinyl capronamide and N -Vinylimidazole and 2-methyl-N vinylimidazole.
Geeignete Vernetzer (Monomere (b)) sind zum Beispiel Acrylester, Methacrylester, Allylether oder Vinylether von mindestens zwei wertigen Alkoholen. Die OH-Gruppen der zugrundeliegenden Alkohole können dabei ganz oder teilweise verethert oder verestert sein; die Vernetzer enthalten aber mindestens zwei ethylenisch unge sättigte Gruppen.Suitable crosslinkers (monomers (b)) are, for example, acrylic esters, Methacrylic ester, allyl ether or vinyl ether of at least two quality alcohols. The OH groups of the underlying alcohols can be etherified or esterified in whole or in part; however, the crosslinkers contain at least two ethylenically unsaturated saturated groups.
Beispiele für die zugrundeliegenden Alkohole sind zweiwertige Alkohole wie 1,2-Ethandiol, 1,2-Propandiol, 1,3-Butandiol, 2,3-Butandiol, 1,4-Butandiol, But-2-en-1,4-diol, 1,2-Pentandiol, 1,5-Pentandiol, 1,2-Hexandiol, 1,5-Hexandiol, 1,10-Decandiol, 1,2-Dodecandiol, 1,12-Dodecandiol, Neopentylglykol, 3-Methyl pentan-1,5-diol, 2,5-Dodecandiol, 1,12-Dodecandiol, Neopentyl glykol, 3-Methylpentan-1,5-diol, 2,5-Dimethyl-1,3-hexandiol, 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentandiol, 1,2-Cyclohexandiol, 1,4-Cyclo hexandiol, 1,4-Bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexan, Hydroxypivalinsäure neopentylglykolmonoester, 2,2-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan, 2,2-Bis[4-(2-hydroxypropyl)phenyl]propan, Diethylenglykol, Tri ethylenglykol, Tetraethylenglykol, Dipropylenglykol, Tripropylen glykol, Tetrapropylenglykol, 3-Thio-pentan-1,5-diol, sowie Poly ethylenglykole, Polypropylenglykole und Polytetrahydrofurane mit Molekulargewichten von jeweils 200 bis 10 000. Außer den Homo polymerisaten des Ethylenoxids bzw. Propylenoxids können auch Blockcopolymerisate aus Ethylenoxid oder Propylenoxid oder Copolymerisate, die Ethylenoxid- und Propylenoxid-Gruppen einge baut enthalten, eingesetzt werden. Beispiele für zugrundeliegende Alkohole mit mehr als zwei OH-Gruppen sind Trimethylolpropan, Glycerin, Pentaerythrit, 1,2,5-Pentantriol, 1,2,6-Hexantriol, Triethoxycyanursäure, Sorbitan, Zucker wie Saccharose, Glucose, Mannose. Selbstverständlich können die mehrwertigen Alkohole auch nach Umsetzung mit Ethylenoxid oder Propylenoxid als die ent sprechenden Ethoxylate bzw. Propoxylate eingesetzt werden. Die mehrwertigen Alkohole können auch zunächst durch Umsetzung mit Epichlorhydrin in die entsprechenden Glycidylether überführt werden.Examples of the underlying alcohols are dihydric Alcohols such as 1,2-ethanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, but-2-en-1,4-diol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,5-hexanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,2-dodecanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol, neopentyl glycol, 3-methyl pentane-1,5-diol, 2,5-dodecanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol, neopentyl glycol, 3-methylpentane-1,5-diol, 2,5-dimethyl-1,3-hexanediol, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol, 1,2-cyclohexanediol, 1,4-cyclo hexanediol, 1,4-bis (hydroxymethyl) cyclohexane, hydroxypivalic acid neopentyl glycol monoester, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, 2,2-bis [4- (2-hydroxypropyl) phenyl] propane, diethylene glycol, tri ethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, tetrapropylene glycol, 3-thio-pentane-1,5-diol, and poly ethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols and polytetrahydrofurans with Molecular weights of 200 to 10,000 each. Except for the homo polymers of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide can also Block copolymers of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide or Copolymers, the ethylene oxide and propylene oxide groups builds included, used. Examples of underlying Alcohols with more than two OH groups are trimethylolpropane, Glycerin, pentaerythritol, 1,2,5-pentanetriol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, Triethoxycyanuric acid, sorbitan, sugars such as sucrose, glucose, Mannose. The polyhydric alcohols can of course also after reaction with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide as the ent speaking ethoxylates or propoxylates are used. The Polyhydric alcohols can also be initially reacted with Epichlorohydrin converted into the corresponding glycidyl ether become.
Weitere geeignete Vernetzer sind die Vinylester oder die Ester einwertiger, ungesättigter Alkohole mit ethylenisch ungesättigten C3-C6-Carbonsäuren, beispielsweise Acrylsäure, Methacrylsäure, Itaconsäure, Maleinsäure oder Fumarsäure. Beispiele für solche Alkohole sind Allylalkohol, 1-Buten-3-ol, 5-Hexen-1-ol, 1-Octen-3-ol, 9-Decen-1-ol, Dicyclopentenylalkohol, 10-Undecen-1-ol, Zimtalkohol, Citronellol, Crotylalkohol oder cis-9-Octadecen-1-ol. Man kann aber auch die einwertigen, ungesättigten Alkohole mit mehrwertigen Carbonsäuren verestern, beispielsweise Malonsäure, Weinsäure, Trimellitsäure, Phthal säure, Terephthalsäure, Citronensäure oder Bernsteinsäure.Further suitable crosslinkers are the vinyl esters or the esters of monohydric, unsaturated alcohols with ethylenically unsaturated C 3 -C 6 carboxylic acids, for example acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid or fumaric acid. Examples of such alcohols are allyl alcohol, 1-buten-3-ol, 5-hexen-1-ol, 1-octen-3-ol, 9-decen-1-ol, dicyclopentenyl alcohol, 10-undecen-1-ol, cinnamon alcohol , Citronellol, crotyl alcohol or cis-9-octadecen-1-ol. However, the monohydric, unsaturated alcohols can also be esterified with polybasic carboxylic acids, for example malonic acid, tartaric acid, trimellitic acid, phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, citric acid or succinic acid.
Ebenso können als Vernetzer Ester ungesättigter Carbonsäuren mit den oben beschriebenen mehrwertigen Alkoholen, beispielsweise der Ölsäure, Crotonsäure, Zimtsäure oder 10-Undecensäure verwendet werden.Likewise, as crosslinkers, esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids with the polyhydric alcohols described above, for example the Oleic acid, crotonic acid, cinnamic acid or 10-undecenoic acid are used become.
Geeignet sind außerdem geradkettige oder verzweigte, lineare oder cyclische, aliphatische oder aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe, die über mindestens zwei Doppelbindungen verfügen, die bei aliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen nicht konjugiert sein dürfen, z. B. Divinylbenzol, Divinyltoluol, 1,7-Octadien, 1,9-Decadien, 4-Vinyl-1-cyclohexen, Trivinylcyclohexan oder Polybutadiene mit Molekulargewichten von 200 bis 20000.Straight-chain or branched, linear are also suitable or cyclic, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, which have at least two double bonds, which at aliphatic hydrocarbons must not be conjugated, e.g. B. divinylbenzene, divinyltoluene, 1,7-octadiene, 1,9-decadiene, 4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene, trivinylcyclohexane or polybutadienes Molecular weights from 200 to 20,000.
Als Vernetzer sind ferner geeignet die Acrylsäureamide, Meth acrylsäureamide und N-Allylamine von mindestens zweiwertigen Aminen. Solche Amine sind zum Beispiel 1,2-Diaminomethan, 1,2-Diaminoethan, 1,3-Diaminopropan, 1,4-Diaminobutan, 1,6-Diaminohexan, 1,12-Dodecandiamin, Piperazin, Diethylentriamin oder Isophorondiamin. Ebenfalls geeignet sind die Amide aus Allylamin und ungesättigten Carbonsäuren wie Acrylsäuren, Meth acrylsäure, Itaconsäure, Maleinsäure, oder mindestens zwei wertigen Carbonsäuren, wie sie oben beschrieben wurden. Also suitable as crosslinking agents are the acrylic acid amides, meth acrylic acid amides and N-allylamines of at least divalent Amines. Such amines are, for example, 1,2-diaminomethane, 1,2-diaminoethane, 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,4-diaminobutane, 1,6-diaminohexane, 1,12-dodecanediamine, piperazine, diethylene triamine or isophoronediamine. The amides are also suitable Allylamine and unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic acids, meth acrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, or at least two valuable carboxylic acids, as described above.
Ferner sind Triallylamin und Triallylmonoalkylammoniumsalze, z. B. Triallylmethylammoniumchlorid oder -methylsulfat, als Vernetzer geeignet.Triallylamine and triallylmonoalkylammonium salts, e.g. B. Triallylmethylammonium chloride or methyl sulfate, as a crosslinker suitable.
Geeignet sind auch N-Vinyl-Verbindungen von Harnstoffderivaten, mindestens zweiwertigen Amiden, Cyanuraten oder Urethanen, beispielsweise von Harnstoff, Ethylenharnstoff, Propylenharnstoff oder Weinsäurediamid, z. B. N,N'-Divinylethylenharnstoff oder N,N'-Divinylpropylenharnstoff.N-vinyl compounds of urea derivatives are also suitable, at least divalent amides, cyanurates or urethanes, for example of urea, ethylene urea, propylene urea or tartaric acid diamide, e.g. B. N, N'-divinylethyleneurea or N, N'-divinyl propylene urea.
Geeignet sind auch Alkylenbisacrylamide wie Methylenbisacrylamid und N,N'-(2,2-)butan und 1,1'-bis-(3,3'-vinylbenzimidazolith-2- on)1,4-butan.Alkylenebisacrylamides such as methylenebisacrylamide are also suitable and N, N '- (2,2-) butane and 1,1'-bis- (3,3'-vinylbenzimidazolite-2- on) 1,4-butane.
Andere geeignete Vernetzer sind beispielsweise Alkylenglykoldi (meth)acrylate wie Ethylenglykoldiacrylat, Ethylenglykoldimeth acrylat, Tetraethlyenglykolacrylat, Tetraethylenglykoldimeth acrylat, Diethylenglykolacrylat, Diethylenglykolmethacrylat, Vinylacrylat, Allylacrylat, Allylmethacrylat, Divinyldioxan, Pentaerythrittriallylether sowie Gemische der Vernetzer.Other suitable crosslinkers are, for example, alkylene glycol di (meth) acrylates such as ethylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimeth acrylate, tetraethylene glycol acrylate, tetraethylene glycol dimeth acrylate, diethylene glycol acrylate, diethylene glycol methacrylate, Vinyl acrylate, allyl acrylate, allyl methacrylate, divinyl dioxane, Pentaerythritol triallyl ether and mixtures of the crosslinkers.
Weitere geeignete Vernetzer sind Divinyldioxan, Tetraallylsilan oder Tetravinylsilan.Other suitable crosslinkers are divinyl dioxane and tetraallylsilane or tetravinylsilane.
Besonders bevorzugt eingesetzte Vernetzer sind beispielsweise Methylenbisacrylamid, Triallylamin und Triallylalkylammonium salze, Divinylimidazol, N,N'-Divinylethylenharnstoff, Umsetzungs produkte mehrwertiger Alkohole mit Acrylsäure oder Methacryl säure, Methacrylsäureester und Acrylsäureester von Polyalkylen oxiden oder mehrwertige Alkoholen, die mit Ethylenoxid und/oder Propylenoxid und/oder Epichlorhydrin umgesetzt worden sind. Ganz besonders bevorzugt als Vernetzer sind Methylenbisacrylamid, N,N'-Divinylethylenharnstoff und Acrylsäureester von Glykol, Butandiol, Trimethylolpropan oder Glycerin oder Acrylsäureester von mit Ethylenoxid und/oder Epichlorhydrin umgesetzten Glykol, Butandiol, Trimethylolpropan oder Glycerin.Crosslinkers which are particularly preferably used are, for example Methylenebisacrylamide, triallylamine and triallylalkylammonium salts, divinylimidazole, N, N'-divinylethyleneurea, reaction products of polyhydric alcohols with acrylic acid or methacrylic Acid, methacrylic acid ester and acrylic acid ester of polyalkylene oxides or polyhydric alcohols with ethylene oxide and / or Propylene oxide and / or epichlorohydrin have been implemented. All Particularly preferred crosslinkers are methylenebisacrylamide, N, N'-divinylethylene urea and acrylic acid esters of glycol, Butanediol, trimethylolpropane or glycerin or acrylic acid ester of glycol reacted with ethylene oxide and / or epichlorohydrin, Butanediol, trimethylolpropane or glycerin.
Der Vernetzer ist vorzugsweise im Reaktionsmedium löslich. Ist die Löslichkeit des Vernetzers im Reaktionsmedium gering, so kann er in einem Monomeren oder in einer Monomerenmischung gelöst werden oder aber in einem Lösungsmittel gelöst zudosiert werden, das sich mit dem Reaktionsmedium mischt. Besonders bevorzugt sind solche Vernetzer, die in der Monomermischung löslich sind.The crosslinker is preferably soluble in the reaction medium. Is the solubility of the crosslinker in the reaction medium is low, so he dissolved in a monomer or in a monomer mixture be added or dissolved in a solvent, that mixes with the reaction medium. Are particularly preferred those crosslinkers that are soluble in the monomer mixture.
Durch den Gehalt an Vernetzer kann die Lösungsviskosität der erfindungsgemäßen Polymere in weitem Maße beeinflußt werden. The solution viscosity of the Polymers according to the invention are influenced to a large extent.
Zur Modifizierung der vernetzten Copolymerisate kann man bei der Copolymerisation andere ethylenisch ungesättigte Monomere ein setzen. Zu der Gruppe von Monomeren (c) gehören beispielsweise Acrylnitril, Methacrylnitril, Acrylsäure- und Methacrylsäure ester, die sich von einwertigen C1- bis C18-Alkoholen ableiten, Hydroxy-C2- bis C4-Alkylester der Acrylsäure und Methacrylsäure, Maleinsäureanhydrid, Vinylester, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropyl sulfonsäure und/oder Vinylphosphorsäure. Außerdem eignen sich Ester der Acrylsäure und Methacrylsäure mit Fettalkoholethoxy laten und Fettalkoholpropoxylaten, wobei die Fettalkoholkompo nente 10 bis 20 C-Atome besitzt und der Ethylenoxid- bzw. Propy lenoxidanteil 1 bis 20 mol-% beträgt. Solche Alkoholkomponenten werden beispielsweise dadurch erhalten, daß man C10- bis C20-Fett alkohole mit Ethylenoxid und/oder Propylenoxid umsetzt und die dabei erhaltenen alkoxylierten Fettalkohole mit Acrylsäure bzw. Methacrylsäure verestert. Der Einsatz dieser Comonomeren ergibt vernetzte Copolymerisate, die eine hohe Elektrolytbeständigkeit aufweisen. Die Monomeren der Gruppe (c) werden in einer Menge von 0 bis 30, und vorzugsweise bis 15 Gew.-% eingesetzt. Sofern sie für die Modifizierung der Copolymerisate aus (a) und (b) verwendet werden, beträgt die untere Grenze 5 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Monomerenmischung. Die Summe der Prozentangaben für die Mono meren (a), (b) und (c) beträgt in allen Fällen 100%. Ester der Acrylsäure und Methacrylsäure sind beispielsweise Methylacrylat, Ethylacrylat, Methylmethacrylat, 2-Ethylhexylacrylat, Stearyl acrylat, Stearylmethacrylat und die Acrylsäureester der isomeren Butylalkohole. Als Hydroxy-C2-bis-C4-alkylester der Acrylsäure und Methacrylsäure kommen beispielsweise Hydroxy ethylacrylate, Hydroxypropylacrylat, Hydroxybutylacrylat, Hydroxyethylmeth acrylat, Hydroxypropylmethacrylat sowie Hydroxybutylmethacrylat in Betracht. Von den Vinylestern werden vorzugsweise Vinylacetat und Vinylpropionat eingesetzt. Weitere geeignete Monomere sind Olefine wie Ethylen oder Propylen, Styrol sowie Alkylethylen glykolacrylate oder -methacrylate mit 1 bis 50 Ethylenglykol einheiten.To modify the crosslinked copolymers, other ethylenically unsaturated monomers can be used in the copolymerization. The group of monomers (c) includes, for example, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, acrylic and methacrylic acid esters which are derived from monohydric C 1 -C 18 -alcohols, hydroxy-C 2 -C 4 -alkyl esters of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, maleic anhydride , Vinyl ester, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropyl sulfonic acid and / or vinyl phosphoric acid. In addition, esters of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid with fatty alcohol ethoxylates and fatty alcohol propoxylates are suitable, the fatty alcohol component having 10 to 20 carbon atoms and the ethylene oxide or propylene oxide content being 1 to 20 mol%. Such alcohol components are obtained, for example, by reacting C 10 to C 20 fatty alcohols with ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide and esterifying the alkoxylated fatty alcohols obtained in this way with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid. The use of these comonomers results in crosslinked copolymers which have a high resistance to electrolytes. The monomers of group (c) are used in an amount of 0 to 30, and preferably up to 15% by weight. If they are used for the modification of the copolymers from (a) and (b), the lower limit is 5% by weight, based on the monomer mixture. The sum of the percentages for the monomers (a), (b) and (c) is 100% in all cases. Esters of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid are, for example, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, stearyl methacrylate and the acrylic acid esters of the isomeric butyl alcohols. Hydroxy-C 2 to C 4 -alkyl esters of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid include, for example, hydroxyethyl acrylates, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxybutyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate and hydroxybutyl methacrylate. Of the vinyl esters, vinyl acetate and vinyl propionate are preferably used. Other suitable monomers are olefins such as ethylene or propylene, styrene and alkyl ethylene glycol acrylates or methacrylates with 1 to 50 ethylene glycol units.
Als Initiatoren für die radikalische Polymerisation können wasserlösliche und wasserunlösliche Peroxo- und/oder Azo- Verbindungen eingesetzt werden, beispielsweise Alkali- oder Ammoniumperoxidisulfate, Wasserstoffperoxid, Dibenzoylperoxid, tert.-Butylperpivalat, tert.-Butyl-per-2-ethylhexanoat, 2,2'-Azo bis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitril), tert.-Butylperoxineodecanoat, Di-tert.-butylperoxid, tert.-Butylhydroperoxid, Azo-bis-iso butyronitril, Azo-bis-(2-amidinopropan)dihydrochlorid oder 2,2'-Azo-bis-(2-methylbutyronitril). Geeignet sind auch Initiatormischungen oder Redox-Initiator Systeme, wie z. B. Ascorbinsäure/Eisen(II)sulfat/Natriumperoxodisulfat, tert.-Butyl hydroperoxid/Natriumdisulfit, tert.-Butylhydroperoxid/Natrium hydroxymethansulfanat. Die Initiatoren können in den üblichen Mengen eingesetzt werden, beispielsweise 0,05 bis 7 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Menge der zu polymerisierenden Monomeren.Can be used as initiators for radical polymerization water-soluble and water-insoluble peroxo and / or azo Compounds are used, for example alkali or Ammonium peroxydisulfates, hydrogen peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, tert-butyl perpivalate, tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate, 2,2'-azo bis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), tert-butyl peroxineodecanoate, Di-tert-butyl peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, azo-bis-iso butyronitrile, azo-bis- (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride or 2,2'-azo-bis- (2-methylbutyronitrile). Are also suitable Initiator mixtures or redox initiator systems, such as. B. Ascorbic acid / iron (II) sulfate / sodium peroxodisulfate, tert-butyl hydroperoxide / sodium disulfite, tert-butyl hydroperoxide / sodium hydroxymethanesulfanate. The initiators can be in the usual Amounts are used, for example 0.05 to 7 wt .-%, based on the amount of the monomers to be polymerized.
Durch die Mitverwendung von Redox-Coinitiatoren, beispielsweise Benzoin, Dimethylanilin sowie organisch löslicher Komplexe und Salze von Schwermetallen, wie Kupfer, Kobalt, Mangan, Nickel und Chrom oder insbesondere Eisen, können die Halbwertzeiten der ge nannten Peroxide, besonders der Hydroperoxide, verringert werden, so daß beispielsweise tert.-Buthylhydroperoxid in Gegenwart von 5 ppm Kupfer-II-Acetylacetonat bereits bei 100°C wirksam ist.By using redox coinitiators, for example Benzoin, dimethylaniline and organically soluble complexes and Heavy metal salts such as copper, cobalt, manganese, nickel and Chromium or especially iron, can the half-lives of ge called peroxides, especially the hydroperoxides, are reduced, so that, for example, tert-butyl hydroperoxide in the presence of 5 ppm copper (II) acetylacetonate is already effective at 100 ° C.
Bevorzugt werden schwer wasserlösliche oder wasserunlösliche Initiatoren eingesetzt.Slightly water-soluble or water-insoluble are preferred Initiators used.
Die Polymerisation kann gegebenenfalls auch in Gegenwart von Polymerisationsreglern durchgeführt werden, um das Molekular gewicht der Polymerisate zu regeln. Sofern man besonders niedrig molekulare Copolymerisate herstellen will, setzt man höhere Mengen an Polymerisationsreglern ein, während man für die Her stellung von hochmolekularen Copolymerisaten nur geringe Mengen an Polymerisationsreglern verwendet bzw. in Abwesenheit dieser Stoffe arbeitet. Geeignete Polymerisationsregler sind beispiels weise 2-Mercapto-ethanol, Mercaptopropanole, Mercaptobutanole, Thioglykolsäure, N-Dodecylmercaptan, tert.-Dodecylmercaptan, Thiophenol, Mercaptopropionsäure, Allylalkohol und Acetaldehyd. Die Polymerisationsregler werden, bezogen auf die eingesetzten Monomeren, in einer Menge von 0 bis 10, bevorzugt 0 bis 5 Gew.-%, eingesetzt.The polymerization can optionally also be carried out in the presence of Polymerization regulators are made to the molecular regulate the weight of the polymers. Unless you are particularly low wants to produce molecular copolymers, one sets higher Amounts of polymerization regulators, while one for the Her only high quantities of high molecular weight copolymers used on polymerization regulators or in the absence thereof Fabrics works. Suitable polymerization regulators are examples as 2-mercapto-ethanol, mercaptopropanols, mercaptobutanols, Thioglycolic acid, N-dodecyl mercaptan, tert-dodecyl mercaptan, Thiophenol, mercaptopropionic acid, allyl alcohol and acetaldehyde. The polymerization regulators are based on those used Monomers, in an amount of 0 to 10, preferably 0 to 5% by weight, used.
Die nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren erhältlichen Poly merisate eignen sich zur Verwendung als Viskositätsmodifier (Emulgatoren und Dispergierhilfsmittel), als W/O- und O/W-Emul gatoren sowie allgemein als Prozeßhilfsmittel, Veredelungs hilfsmittel oder als Superabsorber, weiterhin als Waschmittel zusätze wie Inkrustations- und Farbübertragungsinhibitoren, als Retentionshilfsmittel bei der Papierherstellung, als Flockungs mittel bei der Wasseraufbereitung oder zum Einsatz im Bereich der Lebensmittetechnologie, beispielsweise als Filtrierhilfsmittel oder Komplexbildner.The poly obtainable by the process according to the invention merisate are suitable for use as viscosity modifiers (Emulsifiers and dispersing agents), as W / O and O / W emuls gators and generally as process aids, finishing auxiliary or as a superabsorbent, also as a detergent additives such as incrustation and color transfer inhibitors, as Retention aids in papermaking, as flocculation medium for water treatment or for use in the field of Food technology, for example as a filter aid or complexing agents.
Die Polymerisate eignen sich insbesondere auch als Verdicker und Gelbildner in kosmetischen Formulierungen, vor allem haar kosmetische Zubereitungen wie Haarkuren, Haarlotionen, Haar spülungen, Haaremulsionen, Spitzenfluids, Egalisierungsmitteln für Dauerwellen, 'Hot-Oil-Treatment'-Präparate, Festigerlotionen oder Haarsprays, insbesondere in Conditionern.The polymers are also particularly suitable as thickeners and gelling agents in cosmetic formulations, especially hair cosmetic preparations such as hair treatments, hair lotions, hair conditioners, hair emulsions, tip fluids, leveling agents for perms, 'hot oil treatment' preparations, setting lotions or hair sprays, especially in conditioners.
Je nach Anwendungsgebiet können die haarkosmetischen Zubereitungen als Spray, Schaum, Gel, Gelspray oder Mousse appliziert werden.Depending on the application, the hair cosmetic Preparations as a spray, foam, gel, gel spray or mousse be applied.
Weiterhin eignen sich die Polymerisate auch als Hilfsmittel in pharmazeutischen Formulierungen, beispielsweise als Tabletten sprengmittel.The polymers are also suitable as auxiliaries in pharmaceutical formulations, for example as tablets explosives.
Die erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Polymerisate sind weiße, frei fließende Pulver mit einheitlicher Morphologie, die praktisch keine Neigung zur Klebrigkeit aufweisen.The polymers prepared according to the invention are white, free flowing powder with uniform morphology that is practical have no tendency to stickiness.
In einem Autoklaven wurde Kohlendioxid vorgelegt und durch Druck- und Temperaturerhöhung in den überkritischen Zustand und auf Reaktionstemperatur gebracht. Anschließend wurden die Einsatz stoffe als Mischung in einem einzigen Zulauf innerhalb von 10 min zudosiert. Das Reaktionsgemisch wurde mit 600 Upm gerührt. Die Verweilzeit im Reaktor betrug 10 Stunden. Anschließend wurde auf Raumtemperatur abgekühlt und entspannt. Man erhielt lockere, weiße Pulver, die keine Neigung zur Aggregation aufwiesen, mit Teilchengrößen im Bereich von 10 bis 500 µm.Carbon dioxide was placed in an autoclave and and temperature increase in the supercritical state and on Brought reaction temperature. Then the stake substances as a mixture in a single feed within 10 min added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 600 rpm. The Residence time in the reactor was 10 hours. Then was cooled to room temperature and relaxed. You got loose, white powder with no tendency to aggregate Particle sizes in the range from 10 to 500 µm.
Die jeweilige Zusammensetzung und die Reaktionsbedingungen sind in der nachstehenden Tabelle angegeben. Die Mengenangaben für die Peroxo-Radikalstarter beziehen sich jeweils auf 75 gew.-%ige Lösungen in Aliphaten. The respective composition and the reaction conditions are given in the table below. The quantities for the peroxo radical initiators each relate to 75% by weight Aliphatic solutions.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19833285A DE19833285A1 (en) | 1998-07-23 | 1998-07-23 | Production of polymers in powder form, e.g. useful as cosmetic or pharmaceutical additives, by polymerization in preformed supercritical carbon dioxide |
| PCT/EP1999/004869 WO2000005273A1 (en) | 1998-07-23 | 1999-07-12 | Method for producing powder-shaped cross-linked polymerizates |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19833285A DE19833285A1 (en) | 1998-07-23 | 1998-07-23 | Production of polymers in powder form, e.g. useful as cosmetic or pharmaceutical additives, by polymerization in preformed supercritical carbon dioxide |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE19833285A1 true DE19833285A1 (en) | 2000-01-27 |
Family
ID=7875130
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19833285A Withdrawn DE19833285A1 (en) | 1998-07-23 | 1998-07-23 | Production of polymers in powder form, e.g. useful as cosmetic or pharmaceutical additives, by polymerization in preformed supercritical carbon dioxide |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE19833285A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000005273A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10054114A1 (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2002-05-16 | Dupont Performance Coatings | Process for the preparation of powder coating compositions |
| EP2447286A1 (en) * | 2010-11-01 | 2012-05-02 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process using supercritical medium to produce polymers |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1274942A (en) * | 1985-09-20 | 1990-10-02 | Wilfred G. Sertage, Jr. | Acrylic acid polymerization |
| DE3609829A1 (en) * | 1986-03-22 | 1987-09-24 | Basf Ag | METHOD FOR PRODUCING POWDERED CROSSLINKED COPOLYMERISATS |
-
1998
- 1998-07-23 DE DE19833285A patent/DE19833285A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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1999
- 1999-07-12 WO PCT/EP1999/004869 patent/WO2000005273A1/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2000005273A1 (en) | 2000-02-03 |
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