DE19741911C1 - Fatty acid polyglycol ester sulphate as foam booster for surfactants - Google Patents

Abstract

A strongly-foaming detergent comprises (A) 10-90 wt. parts foam booster comprising a fatty acid polyglycol ester sulphate of formula R<1>COO(AO)xSO3X (I) where R<1>CO = optionally unsaturated 6-22C acyl group; x = on average 1-3; AO = an oxyethylene and/or oxypropylene group; and X = alkali(ne earth), ammonium, alkylammonium, alkanolammonium or glucammonium; and (B) 90-10 wt. parts anionic, nonionic, cationic, amphoteric and/or zwitterionic surfactant.

Description

Field of the Invention

The invention relates to strongly foaming detergent mixtures containing low alkoxylated Fatty acid polyglycol ester sulfates and the use of these substances as foam boosters for surfactants blends.

State of the art

In a variety of surfactant applications, the consumer has a pronounced foaming power wanted. For example, a shampoo that is not sufficient when shampooing Producing as much creamy and stable foam as possible has little prospect in the market stand; The same applies to manual dishwashing detergents, even if there is a direct connection between Foaming capacity and cleaning performance is in many cases not detectable. A manufacturer of the like products will primarily endeavor to develop formulations that the user technical requirements for cleaning performance and skin compatibility speak, but nevertheless he must also take the foam properties into account. Now draw not all surfactant mixtures that are satisfactory from an application point of view are also acceptable from an economic point of view, due to satisfactory foaming power out. In one case, the base foam is high, but disintegrates quickly, in the other it is exactly the opposite, d. H. the foaming behavior is rather average, the foam remains but stable for a long time. If these properties are mutually beneficial can bind, it is found that the mixtures either no water hardness or oil pollution ver carry. Accordingly, the number of surfactant combinations that meet this complex profile of requirements fill, rather low, which is why the same formulations are always found in the market. A possibility to avoid this problem is to add additives to surfactant formulations, So-called foam boosters, which have a favorable influence on the foam properties of the mixtures. A typical group of compounds that can be used for this are the fats Acid alkanolamides, which, however, have the disadvantage that they themselves have no surfactant properties  have, so for example make no contribution to the cleaning ability, and also in Are suspected of being able to contain traces of nitrosamines, which is for applications in which the Preparations come into contact with human skin, which is absolutely undesirable.

In this connection, reference is made to US Pat. No. 4,412,944 (Alcolac), from which stark foaming cleaning agents are known which, in addition to other surfactants, include fatty acid polyglycol esters contain sulfates with 6 to 100 alkylene oxide units. Subject of GB-PS 1498692 (Ciba-Geigy) are detergent mixtures containing sulfated oleic acid ethoxylates.

The complex object of the invention was therefore to prepare surface-active preparations To be available that are free from the disadvantages described above. Foam was especially important to find boosters that have both the base foam and the foam resistance of one Improve large number of surfactants, even in the presence of water hardness and oil pollution.

Description of the invention

The invention relates to strongly foaming detergent mixtures containing

• a) fatty acid polyglycol ester sulfates of the formula (I),
  R ¹ COO (AO) _X SO ₃ X (I)
  in the R ¹ CO for a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, x for numbers from 1 to 3 on average and AO for a CH ₂ CH ₂ O-, CH ₂ CH (CH ₃ ) O- and / or CH (CH ₃ ) CH ₂ O radical and X represents an alkali and / or alkaline earth metal, ammonium, alkylammonium, alkanolammonium or glucammonium, and
• b) further anionic, nonionic, cationic, amphoteric and / or zwitterionic surfactants,

with the proviso that the weight ratio of components (a) and (b) is 90:10 to 10:90.

Surprisingly, it was found that low alkoxylated fatty acid polyglycol ester sulfates, the themselves have no pronounced foam properties, are foam boosters, so like this probably the base foam as well as the foam stability of other surfactants in a synergistic way ser. The invention includes the knowledge that these synergistic effects also in hard Water and in the presence of oil pollution (sebum) can be obtained and for a wide range of Surfactants apply. Another advantage of the invention is that the fatty acid polyglycol ester solu possess bilizing properties and thus the formulation of otherwise in cold water  improve poorly soluble surfactants. The foam boosters also have sufficient detergent properties, so that, in contrast to, for example, alkanolamides, they contribute to the cleaning deliver ability. After all, the substances are harmless from the skin cosmetic point of view, organic easily degradable and of course free of nitrosamines.

Fatty acid polyglycol ester sulfates

Fatty acid polyglycol ester sulfates are produced by sulfating the corresponding fatty acid polyglycol esters. These in turn can be obtained using the relevant preparative processes in organic chemistry. For this purpose, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or a mixture thereof - in random or block distribution - is added to the corresponding fatty acids, this reaction being acid-catalyzed, but preferably in the presence of bases such as, for. B. sodium methylate or calcined hydrotalcite it follows. If a degree of alkoxylation of 1 is desired, the intermediates can also be prepared by esterifying the fatty acids with an appropriate alkylene glycol. The sulfation of the fatty acid polyglycol esters can be carried out in a manner known per se using chlorosulfonic acid or preferably gaseous sulfur trioxide, the molar ratio between fatty acid polyglycol ester and sulfating agent being in the range from 1: 0.95 to 1: 1.2, preferably 1: 1 to 1: 1.1 and the reaction temperature can be 30 to 80 and preferably 50 to 60 ° C. It is also possible to undersulfate the fatty acid polyglycol esters, ie to use significantly less sulfating agents than would be required stoichiometrically for a complete reaction. For example, if one chooses molar amounts of fatty acid polyglycol ester to sulfating agent from 1: 0.5 to 1: 0.95, mixtures of fatty acid polyglycol ester sulfates and fatty acid polyglycol esters are obtained, which are also advantageous for a whole range of applications. In order to avoid hydrolysis, it is very important to carry out the neutralization at a pH in the range from 5 to 9, preferably 7 to 8. Typical examples of suitable starting materials are the addition products of 1 to 3 moles of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, but preferably the adducts with 1 mole of ethylene oxide or 1 mole of propylene oxide with caproic acid, caprylic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, isotridecanoic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid , Palmoleic acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, petroselinic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, elaeostearic acid, arachidic acid, gadoleic acid, behenic acid and erucic acid and their technical mixtures, which are then sulfated and neutralized as described above. Fatty acid polyglycol ester sulfates of the formula (I) are preferably used in which R ¹ CO stands for an acyl radical having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, x for an average of 1 or 2, AO for a CH ₂ CH ₂ O group and X for sodium or ammonium, such as for example lauric acid + 1EO sulfate sodium salt, lauric acid + 1EO sulfate ammonium salt, coconut fatty acid + 1EO sulfate sodium salt, coconut fatty acid + 1EO sulfate ammonium salt, tallow fatty acid + 1EO sulfate sodium salt, tallow fatty acid + 1EO sulfate Ammonium salt and their mixtures.

Surfactants

Nonionic, anionic, cationic and / or amphoteric or amphoteric surfactants may be included. Typical examples of anionic surfactants are soaps, alkylbenes benzenesulfonates, alkanesulfonates, olefinsulfonates, alkyl ether sulfonates, glycerol ether sulfonates, α-methyl estersulfonates, sulfofatty acids, alkyl sulfates, fatty alcohol ether sulfates, glycerol ether sulfates, hydroxy mixed ether sulfates, monoglyceride (ether) sulfates, fatty acid amide (ether) sulfates, mono- and dialkyl sulfo succinates, mono- and dialkylsulfosuccinamates, sulfotriglycerides, amide soaps, ether carboxylic acids and their salts, amide ether carboxylic acids and their salts, fatty acid isethionates, fatty acid sarcosinates, Fatty acid taurides, N-acylamino acids such as acyl lactylates, acyl tartrates, acyl glutamates and Acyl aspartates, alkyl oligoglucoside sulfates, protein fatty acid condensates (especially vegetable pro wheat-based products) and alkyl (ether) phosphates. If the anionic surfactants polyglycol ether chains contain, these can be a conventional, but preferably a narrowed homolog have distribution. Typical examples of nonionic surfactants are fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, Alkylphenol polyglycol ether, fatty acid polyglycol ester, fatty acid amide polyglycol ether, fatty amine polygly colethers, alkoxylated triglycerides, mixed ethers or mixed formals, optionally partially oxidized Alk (en) yl oligoglycosides or glucoronic acid derivatives, fatty acid N-alkyl glucamides, protein hydrolyzates (especially vegetable products based on wheat), polyol fatty acid esters, sugar esters, sorbitan esters, Polysorbates and amine oxides. If the nonionic surfactants contain polyglycol ether chains, these have a conventional, but preferably a narrowed homolog distribution. Typical examples of cationic surfactants are quaternary tetraalkylammonium compounds and Ester quats, especially quaternized difatty acid trialkanolamine or difatty acid methyl diethanolamine ester salts. Typical examples of amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants are alkyl betaines, alkyl amidobetaines, aminopropionates, aminoglycinates, imidazolinium betaines and sulfobetaines. With the ge named surfactants are only known compounds. Regarding structure and The production of these substances is based on relevant reviews, for example J. Falbe (ed.), "Sur factants in Consumer Products ", Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1987, pp. 54-124 or J. Falbe (ed.), "Catalysts, surfactants and mineral oil additives", Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1978, pp. 123-217 ver grasslands. The components (a) and (b) can preferably be used in the detergent mixtures Weight ratio 75:25 to 25:75 and in particular in a ratio of 60:40 to 40:60. Preferred binary or ternary combinations are those of lauric acid or coconut fatty acid + 1EO- sulfate sodium or ammonium salt with alkyl ether sulfates, fatty acid monoglyceride sulfates, alkyl oligo glucosides and / or betaines.  

Industrial applicability

The fatty acid polyglycol ester sulfates of the formula (I) improve the foaming behavior and Foam resistance of a large number of surfactants even in a synergistic manner if Water hardness and oil pollution are present. Another object of the invention therefore relates to their Use as a foam booster to improve the foam properties of anionic, non-ionic shear, cationic and / or amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants.

Examples

To investigate the foam behavior, 10% by weight aqueous surfactant solutions (21 ° dH, + 1% by weight sebum) were prepared and the foam volume was determined in accordance with DIN standard 53 902, part 1. In this method, the foam is generated by beating the liquid sample in a standing cylinder for 30 seconds with a horizontally aligned perforated plate attached to a handle. The resulting foam volume is measured immediately after stopping, as well as after 1, 5 and 20 minutes. The results are summarized in Tables 1 to 3. The following surfactants were used (quantitative data as% by weight).

• 1. Sodium Laureth Sulfate (Texapon® NSO, Henkel KGaA)
• 2. Coconut monoglyceride sulfate sodium salt (Plantapon® CMGS, Henkel KGaA)
• 3. Laureth-7 ether carboxylic acid sodium salt
• 4. Coco Glucosides (Plantacare® APG 1200, Henkel KGaA)
• 5. Lauric acid N-methylglucamide
• 6. Cocamidopropyl betaine (Dehyton® PK, Henkel KGaA)
• 7. Lauric acid + 1EO sulfate sodium salt
• 8. Coconut fatty acid + 1EO sulfate ammonium salt

Table 1

Foam measurements - binary surfactant mixtures (according to the invention)

Table 1

Foam measurements - binary surfactant mixtures (according to the invention) - continued

Table 2

Foam measurements - ternary surfactant mixtures (according to the invention)

Table 3

Foam measurements (comparative tests)

Claims (7)

1. Highly foaming detergent mixtures containing

• a) fatty acid polyglycol ester sulfates of the formula (I),
  R ¹ COO (AO) _X SO ₃ X (1)
  in the R ¹ CO for a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, x for numbers from 1 to 3 on average and AO for a CH ₂ CH ₂ O-, CH ₂ CH (CH ₃ ) O- and / or CH (CH ₃ ) CH ₂ O radical and X represents an alkali and / or alkaline earth metal, ammonium, alkylammonium, alkanolammonium or glucammonium, and
• b) further anionic, nonionic, cationic, amphoteric and / or zwitterionic surfactants,

with the proviso that the weight ratio of components (a) and (b) be 90:10 to 10:90 be. 2. Detergent mixtures according to claim 1, characterized in that they contain fatty acid polyglycol ester sulfates of the formula (I) in which R ¹ CO for an acyl radical having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, x for an average of 1 or 2, AO for a CH ₂ CH ₂ O group and X represents sodium or ammonium. 3. Detergent mixtures according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that they are anionic Contain surfactants selected from the group consisting of soaps, alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkanesulfonates, olefin sulfonates, alkyl ether sulfonates, glycerol ether sulfonates, α- Methyl ester sulfonates, sulfo fatty acids, alkyl sulfates, fatty alcohol ether sulfates, glycerol ether sulf faten, hydroxy mixed ether sulfates, monoglyceride (ether) sulfates, fatty acid amide (ether) sulfates, Mono- and dialkyl sulfosuccinates, mono- and dialkyl sulfosuccinamates, sulfotriglycerides, amide soaps, ether carboxylic acids and their salts, amide ether carboxylic acids and their salts, fat Acid isethionates, fatty acid sarcosinates, fatty acid aurides, N-acylamino acids, alkyl oligogluco sulfides, protein fatty acid condensates and alkyl (ether) phosphates. 4. Detergent mixtures according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that they are not contain ionic surfactants selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, fatty acid polyglycol esters, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, fatty acid amide polyglycol ethers, fatty amine polyglycol ethers, alkoxylated triglycerides, mixed ethers or mixed formals, optionally partially oxidized alk (en) yl oligoglycosides or glucoronic acid derivatives, fatty acid  re-N-alkyl glucamides, protein hydrolyzates, polyol fatty acid esters, sugar esters, sorbitan esters, Polysorbates and amine oxides. 5. Detergent mixtures according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that they are cationic Contain surfactants that are selected from the group that is formed by quaternary tetra alkyl ammonium compounds and ester quats. 6. Detergent mixtures according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that they are amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants which are selected from the group formed by Alkyl betaines, alkyl amido betaines, aminopropionates, aminoglycinates, imidazolinium betaines and sulfobetaines. 7. Use of fatty acid polyglycol ester sulfates of the formula (I) as foam boosters for verbs improvement of the foam properties of anionic, nonionic, cationic and / or ampho teren or zwitterionic surfactants.