DE10305075A1 - Process for using the waste heat from a fuel cell reformer - Google Patents
Process for using the waste heat from a fuel cell reformer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE10305075A1 DE10305075A1 DE10305075A DE10305075A DE10305075A1 DE 10305075 A1 DE10305075 A1 DE 10305075A1 DE 10305075 A DE10305075 A DE 10305075A DE 10305075 A DE10305075 A DE 10305075A DE 10305075 A1 DE10305075 A1 DE 10305075A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- turbine
- reformer
- reaction gases
- fuel cell
- arrangement according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010797 grey water Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000002730 additional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 diesel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011224 oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052574 oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-IGMARMGPSA-N oxygen-16 atom Chemical compound [16O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0625—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material in a modular combined reactor/fuel cell structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Um die bei externen Reformerprozessen auftretende Abwärme und erhitzten Reaktionsgase zur Energieerzeugung mittels Brennstoffzellen zu verwenden, werden die Reaktionsgase des Reformers in mindestens einer Turbine mit einer oder mehreren Turbinenstufen entspannt und damit abgekühlt. Die in der Turbine gewonnene Rotationsenergie wird in Druckluft-, Hydraulik- und/oder elektrischen Energieerzeugern genutzt und/oder beliebigen mechanischen Vorrichtungen als Bewegungsenergie zur Verfügung gestellt.In order to use the waste heat and heated reaction gases occurring in external reformer processes for energy generation by means of fuel cells, the reaction gases of the reformer are expanded in at least one turbine with one or more turbine stages and thus cooled. The rotational energy obtained in the turbine is used in compressed air, hydraulic and / or electrical energy generators and / or made available to any mechanical device as kinetic energy.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Nutzung der Abwärme eines Brennstoffzellen-Reformers zwecks Abspaltung von Wasserstoff aus Kohlenwasserstoffen und Wasser sowie eine Anordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method to use the waste heat of a fuel cell reformer for the purpose of splitting off hydrogen from hydrocarbons and water and an arrangement for carrying out the Process.
Für Energieerzeugungs- und Wassergenerierungssysteme, die auf der Basis von Brennstoffzellen arbeiten, kommt außer der Verwendung von Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff als Ausgangsbrennstoffe auch die Verwendung von Kohlenwasserstoffen, wie z.B. Erdgas oder Mineralölprodukte (Benzin, Diesel, Kerosin etc.) und Luft, in Betracht.For Power generation and water generation systems based on working from fuel cells comes apart from the use of hydrogen and oxygen as starting fuels also the use of hydrocarbons, such as. Natural gas or petroleum products (Gasoline, diesel, kerosene etc.) and air.
Bei der Verwendung von Kohlenwasserstoffen müssen diese durch Aufspaltung der Molekülketten und Oxidation des enthaltenen Kohlenstoffes in einem Reformerprozess so umgewandelt werden, dass der Brennstoffzelle letztlich freie Wasserstoffatome zur Reaktion zur Verfügung gestellt werden können. Bei sogenannten Hochtemperaturbrennstoffzellen (z.B. Oxidkeramik Brennstoffzelle – SOFC oder Schmelzkarbonat Brennstoffzelle – MCFC) laufen diese Reformerprozesse bei Temperaturen von ca. 600–1000°C intern ab. Hingegen muss bei Niedrigtemperaturbrennstoffzellen (t < 200°C) wie beispielsweise der Protonenaustauschmembran-Brennstoffzelle (PEM) der Reformerprozess durch einen zusätzlichen vorgeschalteten Verfahrensschritt realisiert werden. Externe Reformer arbeiten in jedem Fall endotherm, d.h. es muss ihnen Prozesswärme zugeführt werden, um die Umwandlung der Kohlenwasserstoffe zu ermöglichen. Hierfür wird in der Regel der umzuwandelnde Energieträger selbst verwendet.When using hydrocarbons have to this by splitting the molecular chains and oxidizing the contained Carbon is converted in a reformer process in such a way that in the fuel cell ultimately free hydrogen atoms to react to disposal can be put. In so-called high-temperature fuel cells (e.g. oxide ceramics Fuel cell - SOFC or Molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) run these reformer processes at temperatures of approx. 600–1000 ° C internally from. In contrast, with low-temperature fuel cells (t <200 ° C) such as the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM) the reformer process by an additional upstream process step can be realized. External reformers always work endothermic, i.e. process heat must be supplied to them, to enable the conversion of the hydrocarbons. For this, in usually the energy source to be converted itself used.
Der Erfindung liegt nun die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, bei dem die bei externen Reformerprozessen auftretende Abwärme und erhitzten Reaktionsgase zur Energieerzeugung mittels Brennstoffzellen verwendet werden.The object of the invention is now to create a process of the type mentioned at the beginning, where the waste heat from external reformer processes and heated reaction gases used to generate energy using fuel cells become.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass die Reaktionsgase des Reformers in mindestens einer Turbine mit einer oder mehreren Turbinenstufen entspannt und damit abgekühlt werden, und dass die in der Turbine gewonnene Rotationsenergie in Druckluft-, Hydraulik- und/oder elektrischen Energieerzeugern genutzt und/oder beliebigen mechanischen Vorrichtungen als Bewegungsenergie zur Verfügung gestellt wird.The object is achieved in that the reformer's reaction gases in at least one turbine one or more turbine stages are relaxed and thus cooled, and that the rotational energy gained in the turbine in compressed air, Hydraulic and / or electrical energy generators used and / or any mechanical devices provided as kinetic energy becomes.
Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind in den Unteransprüchen 2 bis 9 beschrieben.Refinements of the method according to the invention are in the subclaims 2 to 9 described.
Eine erfindungsgemäße Anordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abkühlungsphase der Reformer-Reaktionsgase in der Turbine ein Wärmetauscher nachgeschaltet ist, der die Reaktionsgase auf das für die jeweilige Brennstoffzelle verträgliche Niveau abkühlt.An arrangement according to the invention to carry out The method is characterized in that the cooling phase The reformer reaction gases in the turbine are followed by a heat exchanger which is the reaction gases for that for the respective fuel cell compatible Cools down.
Weiterbildungen der Anordnung nach der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen 11 bis 17 beansprucht.Further developments of the arrangement the invention are claimed in subclaims 11 to 17.
Ein wesentlicher Vorteil der Erfindung beruht – neben der Nutzung der bei externen Reformerprozessen auftretenden Abwärme und erhitzten Reaktionsgase in einer Turbine zur Energieerzeugung – darin, dass den Brennstoff-Reformern neben dem Kohlenwasserstoff und Luft auch Wasser zugeführt wird. Bei der Reformierung entstehen aus einem Kohlenwasserstoff CXHY, dem Luftsauerstoff O2 und Wasser H2O als Reaktionsprodukte Wasserstoff H2, in geringem Anteil Kohlenmonoxid CO, Kohlendioxid CO2 und ein verbleibender Anteil an Wasserdampf H2O. Der durch die Luft zugeführte Stickstoffanteil N2 wird, abhängig von der Temperatur, zum Teil zu Stickoxid NOx oxidiert. Das für die Brennstoffzelle nutzbare Produkt ist der Wasserstoff. Die anderen Reaktionsgase fallen als Abgas an.A significant advantage of the invention is - in addition to the use of the waste heat and heated reaction gases occurring in external reformer processes in a turbine for energy generation - that the fuel reformer is supplied with water in addition to the hydrocarbon and air. The reforming produces a hydrocarbon C X H Y , atmospheric oxygen O 2 and water H 2 O as reaction products hydrogen H 2 , a small proportion of carbon monoxide CO, carbon dioxide CO 2 and a remaining proportion of water vapor H 2 O. The air Depending on the temperature, the nitrogen content N 2 supplied is partially oxidized to nitrogen oxide NO x . The product that can be used for the fuel cell is hydrogen. The other reaction gases are produced as exhaust gases.
In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel nach der Erfindung beschrieben, und zwar zeigt die einzige Figur eine Anordnung zur Nutzung von Abwärme eines Brennstoffzellen-Reformers zwecks Abspaltung von Wasserstoff aus Kohlenwasserstoffen und Wasser, wobei auch eine prinzipielle Darstellung der Reaktionsprozesse ohne Berücksichtigung der Massen ersichtlich ist.In the drawing is an embodiment according to described the invention, and that the only figure shows one Arrangement for the use of waste heat of a fuel cell reformer for the purpose of splitting off hydrogen from hydrocarbons and water, also a basic one Representation of the reaction processes without considering the masses is.
In der Zeichnung ist einer Brennstoffzelle
Um in Niedrigtemperaturbrennstoffzellen
Erfindungsgemäß soll dieser Wärmetauscher
Das bei der Abkühlung der Reaktionsgase anfallende
Kondensat
Claims (17)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10305075A DE10305075A1 (en) | 2003-02-07 | 2003-02-07 | Process for using the waste heat from a fuel cell reformer |
| PCT/DE2004/000212 WO2004070866A2 (en) | 2003-02-07 | 2004-02-06 | Method for utilizing the waste heat of a fuel cell reformer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10305075A DE10305075A1 (en) | 2003-02-07 | 2003-02-07 | Process for using the waste heat from a fuel cell reformer |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE10305075A1 true DE10305075A1 (en) | 2004-09-02 |
Family
ID=32797328
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10305075A Withdrawn DE10305075A1 (en) | 2003-02-07 | 2003-02-07 | Process for using the waste heat from a fuel cell reformer |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE10305075A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2004070866A2 (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3523487A1 (en) * | 1985-07-01 | 1987-01-08 | Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag | Method and plant for generating electrical energy |
| WO1997048539A1 (en) * | 1996-06-19 | 1997-12-24 | Fanuc Ltd | Injection molding machine |
| EP0884099A2 (en) * | 1997-06-09 | 1998-12-16 | Daido Hoxan Inc. | Gas generating apparatus and gas generation process using the same |
| DE19908905A1 (en) * | 1999-03-02 | 2000-09-07 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Fuel cell system with associated hydrogen production plant |
| DE19943059A1 (en) * | 1999-09-09 | 2001-03-15 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Water condensation method for fuel cell gas stream uses expansion device for expansion of gas followed by compressor for restoring normal pressure |
| DE10053778A1 (en) * | 2000-10-30 | 2002-05-08 | Alstom Switzerland Ltd | Production of synthesis gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide, especially for methanol production, uses thermodynamic cycle to recover much of enthalpy of gas leaving reformer at high temperature and pressure |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6510695B1 (en) * | 1999-06-21 | 2003-01-28 | Ormat Industries Ltd. | Method of and apparatus for producing power |
| DE10130095B4 (en) * | 2000-08-25 | 2020-12-17 | General Motors Corporotion | Fuel cell system with a drive device, fuel cell system with a device operated with electrical energy and method for operating a fuel cell system |
| US6607854B1 (en) * | 2000-11-13 | 2003-08-19 | Honeywell International Inc. | Three-wheel air turbocompressor for PEM fuel cell systems |
| AU2002249256A1 (en) * | 2001-03-05 | 2002-09-19 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Apparatus and process for the production of hydrogen |
| US7118606B2 (en) * | 2001-03-21 | 2006-10-10 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Fossil fuel combined cycle power system |
-
2003
- 2003-02-07 DE DE10305075A patent/DE10305075A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-02-06 WO PCT/DE2004/000212 patent/WO2004070866A2/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3523487A1 (en) * | 1985-07-01 | 1987-01-08 | Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag | Method and plant for generating electrical energy |
| WO1997048539A1 (en) * | 1996-06-19 | 1997-12-24 | Fanuc Ltd | Injection molding machine |
| EP0884099A2 (en) * | 1997-06-09 | 1998-12-16 | Daido Hoxan Inc. | Gas generating apparatus and gas generation process using the same |
| DE19908905A1 (en) * | 1999-03-02 | 2000-09-07 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Fuel cell system with associated hydrogen production plant |
| DE19943059A1 (en) * | 1999-09-09 | 2001-03-15 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Water condensation method for fuel cell gas stream uses expansion device for expansion of gas followed by compressor for restoring normal pressure |
| DE10053778A1 (en) * | 2000-10-30 | 2002-05-08 | Alstom Switzerland Ltd | Production of synthesis gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide, especially for methanol production, uses thermodynamic cycle to recover much of enthalpy of gas leaving reformer at high temperature and pressure |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2004070866A2 (en) | 2004-08-19 |
| WO2004070866A3 (en) | 2006-02-02 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| OP8 | Request for examination as to paragraph 44 patent law | ||
| 8130 | Withdrawal |