CN211982504U - Crawler self-propelled rice and wheat precision fertilizing and seeding integrated machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a crawler self-propelled rice and wheat precision fertilization and seeding integrated machine, which includes a crawler chassis power system, a rotary tiller, a fertilizer discharge device, a seed metering device, and an electric control system for controlling the fertilizer discharge device and the seed metering device. , the power system of the tracked chassis includes the tracked chassis assembly and the frame, the frame is mounted on the tracked chassis assembly, and the frame is provided with a driving platform, a diesel engine, a gearbox and a hydraulic lifting rod, the tracked chassis assembly is powered by the diesel engine, and the hydraulic lifting rod passes through The three-point suspension mechanism is connected to the rotary tiller. The rotary tiller is provided with a fertilizer discharge device and a seed metering device. The output end of the diesel engine is connected to the input end of the gearbox, and the output end of the gearbox is connected to the drive shaft, which is connected to the speed change of the rotary tiller. box, the rotary tiller gearbox is connected to the rotary tiller shaft of the rotary tiller; this kind of self-propelled tracked self-propelled rice and wheat precision fertilization and seeding integrated machine can realize convenient and flexible fast walking on the working soil, high operating efficiency, and planting Fertilizer resources can be efficiently utilized and easy to use.

Description

Crawler self-propelled rice and wheat precision fertilization and seeding machine

technical field

The invention relates to a crawler self-propelled rice and wheat precision fertilization and seeding integrated machine.

Background technique

In the process of agricultural production, wheat seeding machinery and rice seeding machinery are widely used in my country at present. However, the two existing machines have the following problems: low operating efficiency, unreasonable structural design, difficulty in efficient utilization of seed fertilizer resources, and inconvenience in use. In addition, the above-mentioned two types of mechanical sowing and fertilization are extensive, and the amount of seed and fertilizer cannot be accurately quantified and the control precision is low, and the seeding and fertilizer are uneven, resulting in low seed fertilizer utilization efficiency.

At the same time, since most of the existing seeders in my country are of the drag type, the tractor models and power requirements are also different, and the large tractors turn around in the field with a large turning radius, which is not conducive to the improvement of operation efficiency and restricts the development of rice and wheat production technology. develop.

The above problems are problems that should be considered and solved in the design process of the crawler self-propelled rice and wheat precision fertilization and seeding integrated machine.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a crawler self-propelled rice and wheat precision fertilization and seeding integrated machine to solve the problems in the prior art of low operation efficiency, unreasonable structure design, difficulty in efficient utilization of seed fertilizer resources, and inconvenience in use.

The technical solution of the present invention is:

A crawler self-propelled rice and wheat precision fertilization and seeding integrated machine, comprising a crawler chassis power system, a rotary tiller, a fertilizer discharge device, a seed metering device, and an electronic control system for controlling the fertilizer discharge device and the seed metering device. The crawler chassis The power system includes the crawler chassis assembly and the frame. The frame is mounted on the crawler chassis assembly. The frame is provided with a driving platform, a diesel engine, a gearbox and a hydraulic lifting rod. The crawler chassis assembly is powered by the diesel engine, and the hydraulic lifting rod is suspended through three points. The mechanism is connected to the rotary cultivator. The rotary cultivator is provided with a fertilizer discharge device and a seed metering device. The output end of the diesel engine is connected to the input end of the gearbox. The output end of the gearbox is connected to the transmission shaft. The tiller gearbox is connected to the rotary tiller shaft of the rotary tiller.

Further, the fertilizer discharge device includes a fertilizer bin, a fertilizer discharger and a fertilizer discharge motor, the bottom of the fertilizer bin is connected to the inlet of the fertilizer discharger, the outlet of the fertilizer discharger is connected to the fertilizer drop pipe, and the output shaft of the fertilizer discharge motor is connected to the fertilizer discharger drive. The shaft, the transmission shaft of the fertilizer spreader is connected with the rotating shaft of the fertilizer spreader.

Further, the seed metering device comprises a seed warehouse, a small beam, a seed metering device, a seed metering motor and a groove pressing wheel assembly, the bottom of the seed warehouse is connected to the entrance of the seed hopper, the outlet of the seed bucket is connected to the upper mouth of the seed metering device, and the The two ends are respectively connected to the side plates of the silo. The small beam is provided with a drive shaft assembly. The seed meter is connected to the small beam through a right-angle plate. In the central shaft hole of the seed meter, the input shaft of the drive shaft assembly is provided with a drive shaft of the seed meter, and the drive shaft of the seed meter is connected to the output shaft of the seed metering motor. on board.

Further, the rotary tiller includes a rotary tiller frame, a rotary tiller shaft and a rotary tiller blade, the rotary tiller frame is movably connected to the frame through a connecting shaft, and the rotary tiller frame includes a rotary tiller side plate and a plurality of rotary tillers. The machine beam, the two ends of the rotary tiller beam are respectively provided with side plates of the rotary tiller. Both ends of the shaft are movably connected to the frame of the rotary tiller, and a rotary tiller is arranged on the shaft of the rotary tiller.

Further, the fertilizer silo and the seed silo are respectively provided with silo covers.

Further, the manure dropping pipe, the rotary tiller, the pressure groove wheel assembly and the seed dropping pipe are sequentially arranged on the frame of the rotary tiller.

Further, the electronic control system includes a programmable logic controller PLC, a touch screen and an electronic speedometer, and the electronic speedometer and the touch screen are respectively connected to the input end of the programmable logic controller PLC, and the output end of the programmable logic controller PLC. Connect the fertilizer discharge motor and the seed discharge motor respectively.

Further, the electric control system is arranged in the electric control box.

Further, the common two sides of the fertilizer discharging device and the seed metering device are respectively provided with silo side plates, and the silo side plates are arranged on the side plates of the rotary tiller.

The beneficial effects of the invention are: the self-propelled crawler self-propelled rice and wheat precision fertilization and seeding integrated machine can realize convenient and flexible fast walking on the working soil by setting the crawler chassis power system, and can realize high walking flexibility , to realize the efficient fertilization and sowing of the fertilization device and the seed metering device. The crawler self-propelled rice and wheat precision fertilization and seeding integrated machine has reasonable structure design, high operation efficiency, efficient utilization of seed fertilizer resources, and easy use.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of crawler self-propelled rice and wheat precision fertilization and seeding integrated machine according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the A-A direction of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the cross beam of the rotary tiller and the pressure groove wheel assembly in the embodiment;

Among them: 1- driving station, 2- diesel engine, 3- gearbox, 4- hydraulic lifting rod, 5- drive shaft, 6- three-point suspension mechanism, 7- rotary tiller gearbox, 8- silo cover, 9- Fertilizer bin, 10-seed bin, 11-silo side panel, 12-fertilizer discharger, 13-seed discharger, 14-drive shaft assembly, 15-PLC electric control box, 16-seed drop tube, 17-spin Tiller Side Plate, 18-Rotary Tiller Beam, 19-Press Groove Wheel Assembly, 20-Tie Rod, 21-Fender, 22-Rotary Tiller Knife, 23-Rotary Tiller Knife Shaft, 24- Fertilizer Pipe, 25- Track chassis components, 26-seeding bucket, 27-fertilizer drive shaft, 28-right-angle plate, 29-small beam, 30-seed metering drive shaft, 31-seed metering motor, 32-fertilization motor.

Detailed ways

The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example

A crawler self-propelled rice and wheat precision fertilization and seeding integrated machine, as shown in Figure 1, includes a crawler chassis power system, a rotary tiller, a fertilizer discharge device, a seed metering device, and an electronic control for controlling the fertilizer discharge device and the seed metering device. System, the crawler chassis power system includes a crawler chassis assembly 25 and a frame 33, the frame 33 is set on the crawler chassis assembly 25, and the frame 33 is provided with a driving platform 1, a diesel engine 2, a gearbox 3 and a hydraulic lifting rod 4, the crawler track The chassis assembly 25 is powered by the diesel engine 2, and the hydraulic lifting rod 4 is connected to the rotary tiller through the three-point suspension mechanism 6. The rotary tiller is respectively provided with a fertilizer discharge device and a seed discharge device, and the output end of the diesel engine 2 is connected to the input end of the gearbox 3 The output end of the gearbox 3 is connected to the transmission shaft 5, the transmission shaft 5 is connected to the rotary tiller gearbox 7, and the rotary tiller gearbox 7 is connected to the rotary tiller blade shaft 23 of the rotary tiller.

This kind of crawler self-propelled rice and wheat precision fertilization and seeding integrated machine can realize convenient and flexible fast walking on the working soil by setting the crawler chassis power system, can achieve high walking flexibility, and realize the fertilizer discharge device and discharge Efficient fertilization and seeding of planting devices. The crawler self-propelled rice and wheat precision fertilization and seeding integrated machine has reasonable structure design, high operation efficiency, efficient utilization of seed fertilizer resources, and easy use.

In the tracked self-propelled rice and wheat precision fertilization and seeding integrated machine, the fertilizer discharge device includes a fertilizer bin 9, a fertilizer discharger 12 and a fertilizer discharge motor 32. The bottom of the fertilizer bin 9 is connected to the inlet of the fertilizer discharger 12. The fertilizer discharger The outlet of 12 is connected to the manure dropping pipe 24 , the output shaft of the manure discharge motor 32 is connected to the manure discharger transmission shaft 27 , and the manure discharger transmission shaft 27 is connected to the rotating shaft of the manure discharger 12 . The automatic fertilization operation on the working soil surface is realized by setting the fertilization device. Through the output shaft of the fertilizer discharge motor 32, the drive shaft 27 of the fertilizer discharger is driven, and then the rotating shaft of the fertilizer discharger 12 is driven to rotate, so that the seeds that fall into the fertilizer discharger 12 from the fertilizer bin 9 due to gravity are discharged into the fertilizer drop pipe 24, The fertilizer is then dropped on the working soil surface by the manure dropping pipe 24 .

In this kind of crawler self-propelled rice and wheat precision fertilization and seeding integrated machine, as shown in Figure 2, the seed metering device includes a seed bin 10, a small beam 29, a seed metering device 13, a seed metering motor 31 and a groove pressing wheel assembly 19. 10 The bottom is connected to the inlet of the seed hopper 26, the outlet of the seed hopper 26 is connected to the upper mouth of the seed meter 13, the two ends of the small beam 29 are respectively connected to the side plate 11 of the silo, and the small beam 29 is provided with a drive shaft assembly 14, row The seed device 13 is connected to the small beam 29 through the right-angle plate 28. The lower port of the seed meter 13 is connected to the seed pipe 16. The output shaft of the transmission shaft assembly 14 is installed in the central shaft hole of the seed meter 13. The transmission shaft assembly The input shaft of 14 is provided with a seed metering drive shaft 30, the seed metering drive shaft 30 is connected to the output shaft of the seed metering motor 31, and the groove pressing wheel assembly 19 and the seed dropping tube 16 are respectively arranged on the rotary tiller. By setting the seed metering device, seeding in the seed bin 10 is realized, and small grooves are opened on the soil surface by the groove pressing wheel assembly 19, so that the seeds of the seed bin 10 fall into the opened small grooves. The seed metering motor 31 drives the seed metering device 13 through the seed metering device transmission shaft 30 and the transmission shaft assembly 14 in turn, so that the seeds that fall into the seed metering device 13 from the seed bin 10 due to gravity are discharged into the seeding pipe 16, and the fertilizer The soil is then dropped on the working soil by the seed pipe 16 .

In the tracked self-propelled rice and wheat precision fertilization and seeding integrated machine, the rotary tiller includes a rotary tiller frame, a rotary tiller shaft 23 and a rotary tiller blade 22, and the rotary tiller frame is movably connected to the frame through the connecting shaft 34 33. The rotary tiller frame includes a rotary tiller side plate 17 and several rotary tiller beams 18. The two ends of the rotary tiller beam 18 are respectively provided with a rotary tiller side plate 17, and one end of the fender 21 is connected to the rotary tiller. The frame, the other end of the mudguard 21 is connected to the frame of the rotary tiller through the pull rod 20, the two ends of the shaft of the rotary tiller 23 are movably connected to the frame of the rotary tiller, and the rotary tiller shaft 23 is provided with a rotary tiller 22 . By setting the rotary tiller, the fertilizer on the surface of the soil bag dropped by the manure dropping pipe 24 can be driven into the soil bag.

In this kind of crawler self-propelled rice and wheat precision fertilization and seeding integrated machine, the fertilizer bin 9 and the seed bin 10 are respectively provided with a bin cover 8, so as to cover the fertilizer bin 9 and the seed bin 10 respectively, and avoid the fertilizer bin 9 and the seed bin 10. Internal fertilizers and seed sprinkling. The manure dropping pipe 24, the rotary tiller 22, the grooving wheel assembly 19 and the seed dropping pipe 16 are sequentially arranged on the frame of the rotary tiller, so that the fertilizer can be ploughed after falling on the soil surface, and then the ditching wheel assembly 19 is used to open the ditch. Then, proceed to the lower row of seeds. The silo side plates 11 are respectively provided on the common two sides of the fertilizer discharging device and the seed metering device, and the silo side plates 11 are arranged on the side plates 17 of the rotary tiller. By arranging the side panels 11 of the silo, the safety protection of the fertilizer silo 9 and the seed silo 10 is realized, and the overall structure is beautiful and concise.

The crawler self-propelled rice and wheat precision fertilization and seeding integrated machine, the electronic control system includes a programmable logic controller PLC, a touch screen and an electronic tachometer, and the electronic tachometer and the touch screen are respectively connected to the programmable logic controller PLC. The input end and the output end of the programmable logic controller PLC are respectively connected to the fertilizer discharging motor 32 and the seed metering motor 31 . The electric control system is arranged in the electric control box 15 . By setting the touch screen, it is possible to set the amount of work per mu. By setting the electric control system, the operation control of the fertilizer discharge motor 32 and the seed metering motor 31 is realized, and the control and adjustment of the fertilizer discharge amount and the seed metering amount are further realized.

The use process and mechanism of this kind of self-propelled rice and wheat precision fertilization and seeding machine are described as follows:

Add the required fertilizer and seeds to the fertilizer bin 9 and the seed bin 10 respectively, cover the bin cover 8, and input the required amount of fertilizer and seeds per mu on the touch screen of the electric control box 15 respectively.

Start the diesel engine 2 on the cab 1, and the power of the diesel engine 2 is transmitted from the gearbox 3 to the rotary tiller gearbox 7 through the transmission shaft 5. At this time, the rotary tiller shaft 23 and the rotary tiller set on the rotary tiller gearbox 7 22 rotates accordingly; control the hydraulic lifting rod 4 to make it lower the height of the implement through the three-point suspension mechanism 6 until the working depth of the rotary tiller 22 meets the requirements. The job run starts.

After the operation starts, the electronic tachometer installed in the electric control box 15 transmits the tachometer signal to the programmable logic controller (PLC) for digital operation processing, and issues work instructions to the seed metering motor 31 and the fertilizer discharge motor 32 respectively, and the seed metering motor 31 The fertilizer motor 32 then rotates.

The rotation of the seed metering motor 31 causes the drive shaft 30 of the seed metering device to rotate synchronously, so that the seed metering device 13 on the Z-direction output shaft of the drive shaft assembly 14 rotates accordingly, so that the seeds in the seed bin 10 are released by the seed bucket. 26 to the seed metering device 13, and then pass through the seed dropping pipe 16, and fall into the small groove opened by the groove pressing wheel assembly 19. Further, the seeding speed during operation is related to the vehicle speed, but the seeding amount per unit area is related to the operation amount per mu set on the touch screen of the electric control box 15, and has nothing to do with the vehicle speed. The specific instructions are as follows: The amount of seeding per unit area is the set amount of work per mu. The speed of seeding should be changed at any time according to the speed of the vehicle. The speed of seeding is the speed of the seeding motor, and the speed of the ground wheel is the speed of the vehicle. The corresponding relationship of the rotation speed of the ground wheel is calculated based on the set amount of work per mu, so the amount of seed per unit area is the premise that is unchanged.

The rotation of the fertilizer discharger 32 makes the transmission shaft 27 of the fertilizer discharger rotate synchronously, so that the fertilizer discharger 12 rotates accordingly. In this way, the fertilizer in the fertilizer bin 9 is rotated by the fertilizer discharger 12 and discharged from the bottom thereof, and enters the falling fertilizer. The pipe 24 falls on the soil surface and is then driven into the soil by the rotary tiller 22 . Further, the rate of fertilizer discharge during operation is related to the speed of the vehicle, but the amount of fertilizer discharged per unit area is related to the amount of work per mu set on the touch screen of the electric control box 15, and has nothing to do with the speed of the vehicle. The specific description is as follows: the amount of fertilizer discharge per unit area is the set amount of work per mu, and the speed of fertilizer discharge should be changed at any time according to the speed of the vehicle. The corresponding relationship of the rotation speed of the ground wheel is calculated based on the set amount of work per mu, so the amount of fertilizer per unit area is the same premise.

The above can be explained in detail by:

The displacement of n fertilizer (seed) devices = the set amount of work per mu * the area of sowing (fertilization). This leads to the following formula:

n*(X*h/500)=N*Y*w/667, where X is the speed of the seed metering (fertilizer) motor, h is the displacement per revolution of the seed metering (fertilizer) device, 500 is converted into kilograms, N is the set amount of work per mu, Y is the linear speed of the ground wheel, w is the width of sowing (fertilizer), and 667 is converted into mu.

Then, the corresponding relationship between the speed X of the seed metering (fertilizer) motor and the linear speed Y of the ground wheel is obtained:

X=500N*Y*w/(nh667).

The number n of seed metering (fertilizer) devices is taken as 12, h is taken as 13.3g, and w is taken as 2.6, so that X=0.012212 N*Y, when N is set to 30 pounds, X=0.36659*Y.

This kind of crawler self-propelled rice and wheat precision fertilization and seeding integrated machine, when it is not running, the hydraulic lifting rod 4 should be controlled to make it through the three-point suspension mechanism 6 to lift the height of the machine to the highest point. When the operation is completed and entering the hangar, turn off the start switch of the diesel engine 2 in turn, control the hydraulic lifting rod 4 to lower the height of the machine to the ground, and turn off the power supply. The crawler self-propelled rice and wheat precision fertilization and seeding integrated machine adopts the crawler type to realize turning and turning on the spot, improving the seeding efficiency. It can avoid the problem that the existing self-propelled precision seeders are mostly wheeled and have insufficient walking flexibility.

Claims (9)

1. a crawler self-propelled rice and wheat precision fertilization and seeding integrated machine is characterized in that: comprising a crawler chassis power system, a rotary tiller, a fertilizer discharge device, a seed metering device and a device for controlling the fertilizer discharge device and the seed metering device. The electronic control system, the crawler chassis power system includes a crawler chassis assembly (25) and a frame (33), the frame (33) is arranged on the crawler chassis assembly (25), and a driver's platform (1) is arranged on the frame (33) , diesel engine (2), gearbox (3) and hydraulic lifting rod (4), the crawler chassis assembly (25) is powered by the diesel engine (2), and the hydraulic lifting rod (4) is connected to the rotary tiller through a three-point suspension mechanism (6). The rotary cultivator is provided with a fertilizer discharge device and a seed metering device respectively, the output end of the diesel engine (2) is connected to the input end of the gearbox (3), the output end of the gearbox (3) is connected to the transmission shaft (5), and the transmission shaft (5) Connect to the rotary tiller gearbox (7), and the rotary tiller gearbox (7) is connected to the rotary tiller shaft (23) of the rotary tiller. 2. The crawler self-propelled rice and wheat precision fertilization and seeding integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fertilizer discharge device comprises a fertilizer bin (9), a fertilizer discharger (12) and a fertilizer discharge motor (32), The bottom of the fertilizer bin (9) is connected to the inlet of the fertilizer discharger (12), the outlet of the fertilizer discharger (12) is connected to the fertilizer drop pipe (24), and the output shaft of the fertilizer discharge motor (32) is connected to the transmission shaft (27) of the fertilizer discharger. ), the transmission shaft (27) of the fertilizer discharger is connected to the rotating shaft of the fertilizer discharger (12). 3. The self-propelled crawler self-propelled rice and wheat precision fertilization and seeding integrated machine according to claim 1, wherein the seed metering device comprises a seed bin (10), a small beam (29), a seed metering device (13), a The seed motor (31) and the groove pressing wheel assembly (19), the bottom of the seed bin (10) is connected to the inlet of the seed bucket (26), the outlet of the seed bucket (26) is connected to the upper port of the seed meter (13), and the small beam ( The two ends of 29) are respectively connected to the silo side plate (11), the small beam (29) is provided with a drive shaft assembly (14), and the seed meter (13) is connected to the small beam (29) through the right-angle plate (28) , the lower port of the seed meter (13) is connected to the seed pipe (16), the output shaft of the drive shaft assembly (14) is installed in the central shaft hole of the seed meter (13), and the output shaft of the drive shaft assembly (14) The input shaft is provided with a seed metering drive shaft (30), the seed metering drive shaft (30) is connected to the output shaft of the seed metering motor (31), and the groove pressing wheel assembly (19) and the seed dropping tube (16) are respectively arranged on the rotary shaft. on the tiller. 4. The self-propelled tracked self-propelled rice and wheat precision fertilization and seeding integrated machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the rotary tiller comprises a rotary tiller frame, a rotary tiller shaft (23) and a rotary tiller. The tiller (22), the rack of the tiller is movably connected to the frame (33) through the connecting shaft (34), and the rack of the tiller comprises the side plate (17) of the tiller and several beams (18) of the tiller, Both ends of the tiller beam (18) are respectively provided with side plates (17) of the tiller, one end of the fender (21) is connected to the frame of the tiller, and the other end of the fender (21) is connected to the frame of the tiller (21) through the pull rod (20) It is connected with the frame of the rotary tiller, the two ends of the shaft of the rotary tiller (23) are movably connected to the frame of the rotary tiller, and the shaft of the rotary tiller (23) is provided with a rotary tiller (22). 5. The self-propelled tracked self-propelled rice and wheat precision fertilization and seeding integrated machine according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the fertilizer bin (9) and the seed bin (10) are respectively provided with a bin cover (8). 6. The self-propelled tracked self-propelled rice and wheat precision fertilization and seeding integrated machine according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: a manure drop pipe (24), a rotary tiller (22), a groove pressing wheel assembly (19) and The seed drop pipes (16) are sequentially arranged on the frame of the rotary tiller. 7. The self-propelled tracked self-propelled rice-wheat precision fertilization and seeding integrated machine according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the electronic control system comprises a programmable logic controller (PLC), a touch screen and an electronic tachometer, The electronic tachometer and the touch screen are respectively connected to the input end of the programmable logic controller PLC, and the output end of the programmable logic controller PLC is respectively connected to the fertilizer discharge motor (32) and the seed metering motor (31). 8. The self-propelled crawler self-propelled rice and wheat precision fertilization and seeding integrated machine according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the electric control system is arranged in the electric control box (15). 9. The self-propelled tracked self-propelled rice and wheat precision fertilization and seeding integrated machine according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: the common two sides of the fertilizer discharge device and the seed discharge device are respectively provided with silo side plates (11 ), and the side plate (11) of the silo is arranged on the side plate (17) of the rotary tiller.

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