CN201134481Y - A controlled crushing device for waste batteries and its recovery system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a control crushing device for waste batteries and its system, comprising a machine base and a cylindrical casing installed horizontally on the machine base. The casing is provided with a material inlet and a material outlet. 1. A spindle capable of high-speed rotation is installed, and a plurality of rotating pieces are installed on the spindle. A cylindrical frame is installed inside the cylindrical casing and around the periphery of the rotating piece, and wrapped on the outer periphery of the cylindrical frame. The screen, the rotating piece is a rectangular frame fixed longitudinally along the main shaft, and a plurality of outward-facing knife blocks are fixed on the transition beam of the rotating frame, and the outer edge of the knife block is kept at a fixed distance from the inner wall of the cylindrical frame; The feed port is set at the upper part of the front end of the casing, and the lower part of the middle section of the casing is provided with a powder discharge port. The utility model device and equipment system have the following advantages: the separation process consumes less energy, the recovery process can greatly reduce environmental pollution, and the recovered lithium cobalt oxide powder is close to the original 90% purity, which is convenient for economical operation.

Description

A controlled crushing device for waste batteries and its recycling system

technical field

The utility model relates to an environmental protection and recovery equipment, more specifically, the utility model relates to a production technology and equipment for recycling aluminum-containing waste batteries.

Background technique

Lithium-ion secondary batteries, since their commercial production and application in 1990, have many advantages such as small size, light weight, large power storage capacity, fast charging speed, wide temperature range, long working time and long cycle life. Therefore, it is widely used in cameras, mobile phones, notebook computers, and portable measuring instruments.

Lithium-ion secondary batteries, including metal or plastic shells and batteries, including positive electrodes, negative electrodes, and separators. Generally, the active material of the positive electrode consists of about 90% lithium cobaltate powder and 7-8% carbon black conductive agent , 3-4% organic binder, the positive active material is coated on the aluminum sheet current collector; the negative active material is composed of about 94% carbon powder, 5-6% organic binder, the negative active material is coated Attached to the copper sheet current collector. After a certain number of charges and discharges, the lithium-ion battery will be scrapped due to electrode expansion and capacity drop; a large number of materials will also be scrapped during the production process.

With the development of technology and economy, the use of lithium-ion batteries is increasing year by year, and the number of scrapped lithium-ion batteries will also increase significantly year by year. Take the common mobile phone lithium-ion battery as an example, in which the cobalt content is about 15%, and the lithium content is about 0.1%, and cobalt is a heavy metal element, which will cause great harm to the environment. Recycling waste lithium-ion batteries or production waste can not only eliminate the pollution of harmful substances to the environment, but also make full use of resources, so it has important environmental significance and potential economic value. Now, with the gradual strengthening of the environmental protection awareness of the whole society and the increasing shortage of natural resources, the recycling of resource materials in waste lithium-ion secondary batteries and the reduction of environmental pollution from waste batteries have increasingly attracted the attention of the industry.

After the lithium-ion secondary battery is broken, the metal, plastic casing and the separator in the content can be easily separated, recovered or processed by physical separation methods such as gravity, wind force, and magnetic force; and the positive and negative active materials and the Among aluminum sheet and copper sheet current collectors: the specific gravity, mechanical toughness and other physical properties and even commercial value of the copper sheet current collector are quite different from the carbon powder and organic binder on it, so it is relatively easy to separate and process; In comparison, the specific gravity and even the commercial value of the aluminum sheet current collector have little difference from the positive electrode active material lithium cobalt oxide powder on it. With the increasing shortage of resources, the positive electrode material has higher and higher market price and utilization value. Therefore, the requirements for the separation and recovery of cathode materials are relatively high.

In this regard, there is a Chinese patent application document with the application number 200510018601.6 disclosing a method for separating and recovering cobalt from waste lithium-ion batteries, which is characterized in that: after the waste lithium cobalt oxide battery is discharged, it is physically dismantled to obtain cobalt-containing The positive electrode material of lithium cobaltate, the positive electrode material is calcined or soaked in an organic solvent, and the aluminum sheet on the positive electrode material is peeled off to obtain a black solid material containing lithium cobaltate, and the black solid material containing lithium cobaltate is placed under acidic conditions Use H ₂ O ₂ or Na ₂ S ₂ O ₃ as a reducing agent, heat and dissolve to obtain a solution containing Co ²⁺ and Li ⁺ , and then use NaOH solution as a precipitant to convert Co ²⁺ ions in the solution into Co(OH ) ₂ precipitation, filter after standing. It is said that the method is simple, convenient, energy-saving and has no impact on the environment; and the method has high cobalt purity and recovery rate.

There is also a Chinese patent application document with application number 200580020560.2 disclosing a lithium battery treatment method. In this treatment method, the sheet-shaped positive electrode with the positive electrode active material disposed on the positive electrode current collector is immersed in an oxalic acid solution. Since this oxalic acid treatment can dissolve all the lithium elements contained in the positive electrode active material into the oxalic acid solution, using the oxygen generated by the reaction between the positive electrode active material and oxalic acid, it is possible to make the attached matter such as the positive electrode active material separate from the positive electrode current collector. Leave. The transition metal element contained in the cathode active material is converted into an insoluble transition metal compound (oxalate, oxide, etc.) by oxalic acid treatment. It is said that the dissolved lithium element can be easily separated from the insoluble transition metal element by a simple method such as filtration.

The above treatment method adopts dry method or wet method to separate lithium cobalt oxide from aluminum flakes. The separation process consumes a lot of energy, or will still cause certain pollution to the environment, and no matter dry method or wet method, only 90% of lithium cobalt oxide can be separated. The powder is purified by a few percentage points, and it is difficult to guarantee economical operation.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a controlled crushing device for waste batteries and its equipment system. The device and equipment system have the following advantages: the separation process consumes less energy, and the recovery process can greatly reduce Environmental pollution, the recovered lithium cobalt oxide powder is close to the original 90% purity, which is convenient for economical operation.

Therefore, one of the technical solutions of the utility model is a controlled crushing device for waste batteries. The crushing device includes a machine base and a cylindrical casing installed horizontally on the machine base. The feed port and the discharge port are equipped with a high-speed rotating main shaft inside the casing, and a plurality of rotating pieces are installed on the main shaft, and a cylinder is installed inside the cylindrical casing around the periphery of the rotating pieces. shaped frame, and a screen is wrapped on the outer periphery of the cylindrical frame, the rotating piece is a rectangular frame fixed longitudinally along the main shaft, and a plurality of outward-facing knives are fixed on the transition beam of the rotating frame. block, the outer edge of the knife block is kept at a fixed distance from the inner wall of the cylindrical frame; the feed inlet is arranged at the upper part of the front end of the casing, and a powder outlet is opened at the lower part of the middle section of the casing.

The utility model utilizes the characteristic that the mechanical toughness of the aluminum sheet current collector is quite different from that of the positive electrode active material lithium cobalt oxide powder, and adopts a characteristic physical crushing machine: multiple pieces of rectangular frame-type rotating pieces are installed on the main shaft, and in the A plurality of outward knife blocks are fixed on the transition beam of the rotating frame, and the outer edge of the knife block maintains an appropriate and fixed distance from the inner wall of the tubular frame; when the transition beam and the multiple outward knife blocks on the transition beam rotate at high speed, the The aluminum sheet and positive electrode active material in the screen and the cylindrical frame will move to the gap between the outward knife block and the inner wall of the cylindrical frame under the action of centrifugal force. Because the aluminum sheet has greater toughness, it is still easy to tear , and the positive active powder is easy to disintegrate and recover into a finer powder during the tearing process of the aluminum sheet. In this way, under the combined action of high-speed rotating shear force, friction force, impact force, wind force, etc., the positive electrode material is broken. It is broken into a powder mixture with large particle size difference, falls together from the holes of the wrapped sieve, and is collected together as undersize. Although this undersize is a mixed powder, it has been proved by experiments that the particle size difference of this mixed powder is more suitable for further fine and thorough particle size separation. Moreover, experiments have confirmed that the aluminum flake particles and positive active material powder obtained through the separation of the utility model device and its system can finally reach the ratio of 88-90% aluminum content on the sieve and 10-12% positive active material powder respectively. , the aluminum content under the sieve is 0.1-1.0%, and the proportion of the positive electrode active material powder under the sieve is 99.0-99.9%. Therefore, the positive electrode active material powder under the sieve can be directly sold to battery manufacturers as a commercial product, or made in a small amount The processing recovery of the purer positive electrode active material powder can be reused or sold. It can be seen from the above that the separation process of the utility model consumes less energy, the recovery process basically does not use acid-base chemicals and can greatly reduce environmental pollution, and the recovered lithium cobaltate powder is close to the original 90% purity, which is more conducive to economic operation .

The utility model device also includes the following specific improvements:

In order to facilitate recovery of the insufficiently crushed positive electrode material for further crushing, a coarse material outlet is provided at the lower part of the end of the casing.

In order to mediate various crushing forces to achieve an appropriate ratio, there is an airflow gap between the knife blocks fixedly installed on the transition beam. On the transition beam of each rotating piece, an exhaust flow hole is provided along its longitudinal direction according to a certain interval. The knife blocks in each row are divided into multiple groups according to the adjacent relationship, and the knife blocks of each group are arranged in a straight line with each other, and the adjacent two groups of knife blocks are staggered by a certain distance from each other.

In order to realize the automatic feeding of the positive electrode material, a feeding suction fan is installed on the main shaft close to the feeding port.

In order to achieve the best separation efficiency of aluminum flakes and active powder, the mesh size of the screen is 80 mesh; the crushing device includes a motor and a gearbox, and the rotation speed of the main shaft is not lower than 2000 revolutions per second.

Correspondingly, another technical solution of the utility model is a waste battery recovery system using the above crushing device, which includes waste battery sorting equipment using physical properties, and the recovery system also includes a battery breaking machine, a physical sorting The waste battery sorting equipment, the controlled crushing device for waste batteries, and the vibration sorting screen; the main inlet/outlet ports of the waste battery sorting equipment, the battery breaking machine, the physical sorting equipment, the controlled crushing device, and the vibrating sorting screen Sequentially and directly or indirectly connected to each other; the vibrating sorting screen adopts a screen with a larger number of meshes than the controlling crushing device.

It can be seen from the above that the system of the utility model basically adopts a physical separation method, but because the separation mechanism and structural composition are relatively unique, the energy consumption of the separation process is less, and the recovery process does not use acid-base chemicals, which can greatly reduce environmental pollution. The obtained lithium cobalt oxide powder is close to the original 90% purity, and thus is more conducive to economical operation.

The utility model device system also includes the following specific improvements:

In order to improve the degree of automation and separation efficiency of separation and recovery, gravity and vibration conveying mechanisms are provided between the waste battery sorting equipment, battery breaking machine, physical sorting equipment, the control crushing device and the vibrating sorting screen to maintain mutual The process connection between them; the control crushing device includes a screen with a mesh number of 80 mesh, and the vibrating sorting screen uses a mesh mesh with a mesh number of 100.

In order to further improve the degree of automation and separation efficiency of separation and recovery, a power transmission mechanism is provided between the coarse material discharge port and the feed port of the control crushing device, or the recovery system includes two or more stages of control crushing devices, There is a gravity or power conveying mechanism between the coarse material outlet of the front-stage control crushing device and the feed port of the rear-stage control crushing device.

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment the utility model is described further.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the utility model controlled crushing device.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the waste battery recycling system of the present invention.

Detailed ways

Example of controlling crushing device:

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the control crushing device of the present invention. The crushing device includes a machine base 10 and a cylindrical casing 20 horizontally installed on the machine base 10. The casing 20 is provided with a feed inlet 21 and a discharge outlet 22. On the top of the casing 20, there is also a maintenance Used, hinged sealable door leaf 23, inside the casing 20, a high-speed rotating main shaft 30 is installed through a bearing 33, on which three pieces of rectangular doors fixed along the longitudinal direction of the main shaft 30 are installed on the main shaft 30. The rotating piece 40 of the frame is installed with a cylindrical frame 50 around the periphery of the rotating piece 40 inside the cylindrical casing 20, and a screen 51 is wrapped on the outer periphery of the cylindrical frame 50. The transition beam 41 of the frame 40 is fixed with a plurality of outward knife blocks 42, and the outer edge of the knife blocks 42 maintains a suitable fixed distance from the inner wall of the cylindrical frame 50; 20, the upper part of the front end, and the lower part of the middle section of the casing 20 is provided with a powder discharge port 22A. The lower part of the end of the casing is also provided with a coarse material discharge port 22B.

The knife blocks 42 fixedly installed on the transition beam 41 have an airflow gap between them.

On the transition beam 41 of each rotating piece 40, there is an exhaust orifice (not shown in detail) along its longitudinal direction at regular intervals.

A feed suction fan 43 is installed on the main shaft 30 close to the feed inlet 21 .

The knife blocks 42 in each row are divided into multiple groups according to the adjacent relationship, and the knife blocks 42 of each group are arranged in a straight line, and the knife blocks 42 of two adjacent groups are staggered by a certain distance.

The mesh number of the screen 51 is 80 mesh; the crushing device includes a motor 31 and a gearbox 32, and the rotation speed of the main shaft 30 is not lower than 2000 rpm.

Embodiment of the control crushing recovery system:

Figure 2 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the controlled crushing recovery system of the present invention. It includes a waste battery sorting device 100 for sorting by physical properties, which includes a combination of four devices: gravity, magnetism, shape distinction, and ray perspective; the waste battery sorting device 100 uses four types of equipment: Combination to sort and classify different types of waste battery mixtures. Collect waste lithium-ion batteries;

The recycling system also includes a battery breaking machine 200, which includes a convex blade arranged in the axial die hole of the battery, and a driving rod that pushes the battery to move in the axial die hole. The contents of the lithium-ion battery are collected after breaking the case, and the metal or plastic case is treated separately;

Physical sorting equipment 300, which adopts the combination of gravity and wind sorting equipment. The physical separation equipment 300 physically separates the collected lithium-ion battery contents, and collects the aluminum positive electrode sheet and the positive electrode active coating attached to it through physical separation, and the copper negative electrode sheet and its upper surface are collected by physical separation. The attached carbonaceous negative electrode active coating is eluted and separated, and then the carbonaceous dry material is sent to the furnace to recover heat energy, and the copper negative electrode sheet is directly sold commercially;

The controlled crushing device 400 for waste batteries sends the collected aluminum positive electrode sheet and the positive active coating attached thereto to the controlled crushing device for waste batteries for controlled crushing. In the controlled crushing device, the A plurality of rotating pieces and a plurality of outward-facing blades on them, the cylindrical frame and the wrapped screen facing the periphery of the blades are rotated at high speed relative to each other, and the positive electrode material entering the cylindrical frame from the upper feeding port at the front of the casing Crushing is carried out, and the mixed powder obtained by crushing is sieved and collected from the powder outlet in the lower part of the middle section of the casing. A mixture of aluminum particles and positive electrode powder is collected by controlled crushing; the controlled crushing device includes a sieve with a mesh number of 80 mesh;

Using a 100-mesh vibrating sorting sieve 500, the collected mixture of aluminum particles and positive electrode powder is finely screened and sorted to separate and obtain aluminum particles and positive electrode powder with high purity. Then carry out commercial sales, or deep purification or treatment reuse.

The main inlet/outlet ports of the waste battery sorting equipment 100, the battery breaking machine 200, the physical sorting equipment 300, the controlled crushing device 400 and the vibrating sorting screen 500 are connected to each other directly or indirectly in sequence; The vibrating sorting screen 500 uses a screen with a larger mesh number than the control crushing device 400 .

The recovery system includes two or more controlled crushing devices 400A, 400B, and a gravity or power conveying mechanism is provided between the coarse material outlet 22B of the front-stage controlled crushing device 400A and the feed port 21 of the rear-stage controlled crushing device 400B. 600 (not shown here). There is still a small amount of unbroken material sent back to the feed port 21 of the front-stage controlled crushing device 400A at the coarse material discharge port 22B of the latter-stage controlled crushing device 400B.

The waste battery sorting equipment 100, the battery breaking machine 200, the physical sorting equipment 300, the control crushing device 400, and the vibrating sorting screen 500 are provided with a gravity and vibrating conveying mechanism 600 to maintain mutual process connection ; The controlled crushing device 400 includes a screen with a mesh number of 80, and the vibrating screen 500 uses a screen with a mesh number of 100. From the vibrating sorting sieve 500, positive electrode active material powders with aluminum flake particles on the sieve and lithium cobalt oxide under the sieve close to the original purity are obtained respectively. Other separators such as negative electrode materials and shells are easier to separate and will be treated separately.

Claims (10)

1, a kind of control breaker of waste battery, this breaker comprises support and the horizontal tubular casing that is installed on the support, offer charging aperture on the described casing, discharging opening, in casing inside, but the main shaft of high speed rotating is installed, on this main shaft and the multi-disc rotatable lamella is installed, in tubular casing inside, periphery around described rotatable lamella is equipped with framework cylindraceous, it is characterized in that: on described tubular framework periphery, be enclosed with screen cloth, described rotatable lamella is along the vertical hard-wired rectangular frame of described main shaft, on the bridging beam excessively of this rotating frame, be fixed with the cutter piece of a plurality of extroversions, the spacing that the inwall of the outer rim of described cutter piece and described tubular framework is maintained fixed; Described charging aperture is located at the casing upper front end, and the bottom in described casing stage casing offers the powder discharging opening.

2, the control breaker of waste battery as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the bottom of described casing end also offers the coarse fodder discharging opening.

3, the control breaker of waste battery as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: hard-wired cutter piece has airflow clearance each other on described bridging beam excessively.

4, the control breaker of waste battery as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: crossing on the bridging beam of each rotatable lamella, along it vertically, offer an exhaust discharge orifice according to certain spacing rule.

5, the control breaker of waste battery as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: near on the main shaft of described charging aperture the charging exhauster(-tor is being installed.

6, the control breaker of waste battery as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the described cutter piece of every row, be divided into many groups according to neighbouring relations, and every group of cutter piece be linear array each other, the two adjacent groups cutter piece certain distance that staggers each other.

7, the control breaker of waste battery as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the order number of described screen cloth is 80 orders; Described breaker comprises motor and gearbox, and the rotating speed of described main shaft is not less than 2000 commentaries on classics/per seconds.

8, a kind of waste battery recovery system that adopts one of claim 1-7 breaker, it comprises the waste battery sorting device that utilizes physical property, it is characterized in that: described recovery system also comprises battery rejuvenator, physical separation equipment, the control breaker of waste battery, vibrating separating sieve; Described waste battery sorting device, battery rejuvenator, physical separation equipment, described control breaker and vibrating separating sieve mainly advancing separately/discharging opening is connected in regular turn and directly or indirectly mutually; Described vibrating separating sieve adopts than the described control breaker screen cloth of the order of manying number more.

9, as waste battery recovery system as described in the claim 8, it is characterized in that: be provided with gravity, vibrating transportation mechanism between described waste battery sorting device, battery rejuvenator, physical separation equipment, described control breaker and the vibrating separating sieve, be connected to keep technology each other; Described control breaker comprises that the order number is 80 purpose screen clothes, and described vibrating separating sieve adopts the screen cloth of 100 order numbers.

10, as waste battery recovery system as described in the claim 8, it is characterized in that: be provided with the power conveying mechanism between the coarse fodder discharging opening of described control breaker and the charging aperture, perhaps, described recovery system comprises two-stage or above control breaker, is provided with gravity or power conveying mechanism between the coarse fodder discharging opening of prime control breaker and the back level control breaker charging aperture.

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