CN113584342A - Brass bar and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Brass bar and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113584342A CN113584342A CN202110863895.1A CN202110863895A CN113584342A CN 113584342 A CN113584342 A CN 113584342A CN 202110863895 A CN202110863895 A CN 202110863895A CN 113584342 A CN113584342 A CN 113584342A
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- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- PTVDYARBVCBHSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Cu] PTVDYARBVCBHSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010285 flame spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000521 B alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- FZQBLSFKFKIKJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron copper Chemical compound [B].[Cu] FZQBLSFKFKIKJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000882 Ca alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001096 P alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- RIRXDDRGHVUXNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[P] Chemical compound [Cu].[P] RIRXDDRGHVUXNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HAUBPZADNMBYMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium copper Chemical compound [Ca].[Cu] HAUBPZADNMBYMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910005487 Ni2Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 calcium-zinc-manganese-zinc Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/04—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种黄铜棒材，其特征在于，该黄铜的质量百分比组成为Cu：57wt％～59wt％，Pb：0.2wt％～0.8wt％，Mn：1.5wt％～3.0wt％，Al：1.3wt％～2.3wt％，Si：0.2wt％～0.8wt％，P：0.5wt％～0.8wt％，Ca：0.4wt％～0.6wt％，Ni：0.4wt％～1.0wt％，B：0.01wt％～0.03wt％，余量为Zn和不可避免的杂质。本发明通过在CW713R的基础上增加P、Ca、B、Ni，基体中第二相含量的增加，从而使得基体组织的连续性被切断，当刀具进行加工的时候，可以减少同基体的接触，减少加工阻力，切削性得到优化，第二相的存在提高了基体的强度、硬度，使得材料的整体强度提升。The invention discloses a brass rod, which is characterized in that the mass percentage of the brass consists of Cu: 57wt%-59wt%, Pb: 0.2wt%-0.8wt%, Mn: 1.5wt%-3.0wt% , Al: 1.3wt%～2.3wt%, Si: 0.2wt%～0.8wt%, P: 0.5wt%～0.8wt%, Ca: 0.4wt%～0.6wt%, Ni: 0.4wt%～1.0wt% , B: 0.01wt% ~ 0.03wt%, the balance is Zn and inevitable impurities. The present invention increases the content of the second phase in the matrix by adding P, Ca, B and Ni on the basis of CW713R, so that the continuity of the matrix structure is cut off. When the tool is processing, the contact with the matrix can be reduced. The machining resistance is reduced, the machinability is optimized, and the existence of the second phase improves the strength and hardness of the matrix, which improves the overall strength of the material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of copper alloy, and particularly relates to a brass bar and a preparation method thereof.
Background
CW713R is a wear-resistant complex brass, mainly used in the fields of plunger pump, floating bearing, thrust bearing, valve guide, etc., because it has higher requirements for the strength and toughness of the alloy matrix, and it is required that the matrix must be uniformly and stably distributed with wear-resistant phase with extremely high hardness. An excellent wear-resistant mechanism is formed between a wear-resistant phase with extremely high hardness and a base body with relatively low hardness, and meanwhile, a stable lubricating layer is also favorable for being established during friction, so that the material can effectively resist the impact of load and severe wear action under the severe working conditions of high speed and heavy load, has good high-strength and wear-resistant characteristics, has higher production technology difficulty and higher accessory value, and has good market prospect because domestic manufacturers are few and are basically monopolized by a few manufacturers and the development prospect of downstream industry is good.
The existing CW713R matrix phase is soft and is not beneficial to cutting, and because the CW713R contains the wear-resistant phase with extremely high hardness, when the wear-resistant phase is agglomerated in the matrix, the cutting is easily damaged, so that the machining performance of the whole CW713R is poor.
Therefore, further improvement is required for the cutting performance of the existing CW713R material.
Disclosure of Invention
The first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a brass bar having improved cutting performance while having increased hardness.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the first technical problem is as follows: a brass bar is characterized in that the brass comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 57 wt% -59 wt%, Pb: 0.2 wt% -0.8 wt%, Mn: 1.5 wt% -3.0 wt%, Al: 1.3 wt% -2.3 wt%, Si: 0.2 wt% -0.8 wt%, P: 0.5 wt% -0.8 wt%, Ca: 0.4 wt% -0.6 wt%, Ni: 0.4 wt% -1.0 wt%, B: 0.01 wt% to 0.03 wt%, and the balance of Zn and unavoidable impurities.
0.5-0.8 wt% of P and 0.4-0.6 wt% of Ca are added into the calcium-zinc-manganese-zinc alloy, and the Ca, the P, the Cu, the Zn and the like form a complex structure, namely the Ca2CuZn2P3、Ca3Cu2Zn2P4、Ca4Cu3Zn2P5The three quaternary compounds are brittle rather than hard intermetallic compounds, thereby improving the cutting performance of the brass alloy. Ca2CuZn2P3、Ca3Cu2Zn2P4、Ca4Cu3Zn2P5The three quaternary compounds can cut off the continuity of matrix tissues, reduce the resistance in the processing process, form cavities, increase the probability of microcrack initiation and improve the machinability due to multiple reasons.
B: the main functions are to refine crystal grains, increase the number of heterogeneous nucleation cores, inhibit the growth of the crystal grains by reverse increase of the number of the crystal grains, refine the crystal grains, improve the strength of the material by fine grains, facilitate the uniform distribution of a second phase, increase chip breaking points and improve the cutting performance
Ni: mainly reacts with Si to form Ni2Si precipitates a strengthening phase, so that the strength and the hardness of the material are improved, and the hardness requirement of the material is improved.
Preferably, the brass has a microstructure in which the area content of the β phase is 40% to 60%. Controlling the beta phase within this range increases the hardness of the matrix, which increases the machinability of the matrix.
Preferably, the microstructure of the brass contains CaCuZnP precipitates, and the area content of the CaCuZnP precipitates is 0.05% to 0.2%. The CaCuZnP educt is mainly granular and can be uniformly distributed on a substrate, so that the continuity of a substrate tissue is cut off, when a cutter is used for processing, the contact with the substrate can be reduced, the processing resistance is reduced, the machinability is optimized, the CaCuZnP educt is a low-melting-point educt phase, the quaternary compound can be melted at high temperature in a machining engineering, a vacancy is formed, the surrounding stress aggregation is caused, the dislocation is generated, the aggregation and the growth are caused, the initiation of micro cracks can be finally caused, the micro cracks can be continuously expanded, cutting chips can be broken during cutting, the continuity is avoided, and the broken chips are fine and crescent-shaped during subsequent processing.
Preferably, the brass rod has an average grain size of 40um or less.
Preferably, the brass rod has a tensile strength of 630MPa or more, a hardness of 70HRB or more, an elongation of 10% or more, and a machinability of 70% or more of HPb 59-1.
The second technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a preparation method of a brass bar.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the second technical problem is as follows: a preparation method of a brass bar is characterized by comprising the following steps: the preparation method comprises the following preparation steps:
1) smelting: adding an electrolytic plate into a furnace, after the electrolytic plate is melted, increasing the voltage to 550-650V, covering the liquid level with charcoal, covering the liquid level with the height of more than 5mm, and the temperature reaches 1100-1150 ℃, adding metal aluminum, manganese, silicon and lead into copper water in sequence, stirring after melting, increasing the voltage to 350-450V, reducing the temperature to 980-1020 ℃, adding zinc into the copper water, preserving the temperature for 1-3 min after melting, adding copper-phosphorus alloy, copper-calcium alloy and metal nickel into the copper liquid by a pressure spoon, keeping the temperature for 1-5 min, increasing the voltage to 550-650V, increasing the temperature to 1020-1080 ℃, carrying out flame spraying, after finishing the flame spraying, adding copper-boron alloy, testing the elemental components of the alloy, and blending until the components are qualified;
2) horizontal continuous casting: casting at 1020-1080 ℃, at a casting speed of 8-20 mm/s and under a primary cooling water pressure of 0.2-0.4 MPa to obtain a casting blank;
3) peeling: peeling the casting blank to obtain a bar;
4) annealing of a finished product: annealing the bar material, wherein the annealing temperature is 250-400 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 60-120 min.
Annealing the finished product at 250-400 ℃, wherein the annealing of the finished product adopts low temperature and heat preservation for a certain time, and is mainly used for eliminating casting stress, structural internal stress can exist in the material because the material is cooled and crystallized in a non-equilibrium crystallization process, and if the material is not eliminated before processing, the material is easy to self-crack, and especially when the material is used in a severe environment, the cracking failure is easy to finally cause due to corrosion.
Preferably, in the step 1), the mass content of phosphorus in the copper-phosphorus alloy is 5-10%, the mass content of calcium in the copper-calcium alloy is 8-15%, and the mass content of boron in the copper-boron alloy is 3-7%.
Preferably, in the step 2), secondary cooling water is arranged at a position 100-250 mm away from the outlet of the crystallizer, and the temperature difference between the front edge of the casting blank in the crystallizer and the temperature of the casting blank discharged from the crystallizer is controlled to be 700-900 ℃. The brass of the invention has aPhase, beta phase is matrix phase, the second phase comprises CaCuZnP (Ca)2CuZn2P3、Ca3Cu2Zn2P4、Ca4Cu3Zn2P5)，Ni2Si、Ca、Cu3P, in a high-temperature stage (higher than 700 ℃), if the beta phase of the material is stable, the cooling speed needs to be increased to ensure that the beta phase can stably enter a room-temperature structure, the beta phase is prevented from being converted towards the beta' and the alpha phase, the high-temperature beta phase structure can be obtained through strong cooling at an outlet, the temperature difference between the front edge of the casting blank in the crystallizer and the temperature of the casting blank out of the crystallizer is controlled to be 700-900 ℃ by adding secondary cooling water, the hardness of the material is improved by increasing the beta phase, meanwhile, chip breaking is easier in cutting, and the machining performance is optimized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the invention forms CaCuZnP (Ca) by adding P, Ca, B and Ni on the basis of CW713R2CuZn2P3、Ca3Cu2Zn2P4、Ca4Cu3Zn2P5)，Ni2Si、Ca、Cu3P and other second phases, the content of the second phases in the matrix is increased, so that the continuity of matrix tissues is cut off, when a cutter is used for machining, the contact with the matrix can be reduced, the machining resistance is reduced, the machinability is optimized, the CaCuZnP precipitate is a low-melting-point precipitate phase, the quaternary compound can be melted at high temperature in machining engineering to form a vacancy, the ambient stress is gathered, the dislocation is generated, the quaternary compound is gathered and grown, the microcrack is finally initiated and continuously expanded, cutting chips can be broken during cutting, the continuity is avoided, and the breaking chips are fine and crescent in the subsequent machining process. The existence of the second phase improves the strength and the hardness of the matrix, so that the overall strength of the material is improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
The brass bar material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 58.16 wt%, Pb: 0.73 wt%, Mn: 2.25 wt%, Al: 2.05 wt%, Si: 0.55 wt%, P: 0.65 wt%, Ca: 0.55 wt%, Ni: 0.75 wt%, B: 0.015 wt%, the balance being Zn.
The preparation steps of this example are:
1) smelting: adding an electrolytic plate into a furnace, after the electrolytic plate is melted, increasing the voltage to 600V, covering the liquid level with charcoal, covering the liquid level with the height of more than 5mm, heating to 1100-1150 ℃, sequentially adding metal aluminum, manganese, silicon and lead into copper water, stirring after melting, increasing the voltage to 400V, reducing the temperature to 980-1020 ℃, adding zinc into the copper water, preserving the temperature for 3min after melting, heating the temperature to 1020-1080 ℃, carrying out flame spraying, after finishing flame spraying, adding copper-boron alloy (the mass content of boron is 5%), testing the components of the alloy elements, and blending until the components are qualified;
2) horizontal continuous casting: the casting temperature is 1020-1080 ℃, the casting speed is 10mm/s, the primary cooling water pressure is 0.3MPa, secondary cooling water is arranged at a position 200mm away from the outlet of the crystallizer, and the temperature difference between the front edge of the casting blank in the crystallizer and the casting blank discharged from the crystallizer is controlled at 800 ℃ to obtain a casting blank with the diameter of 15.5 mm;
3) peeling: phi is 15.5 mm-15.2 mm-15 mm to obtain a bar;
4) annealing of a finished product: and (3) annealing the bar, wherein the annealing temperature is 300 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 60 min.
Example 2
The brass bar material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 58.85 wt%, Pb: 0.75 wt%, Mn: 1.98 wt%, Al: 1.48 wt%, Si: 0.66 wt%, P: 0.61 wt%, Ca: 0.51 wt%, Ni: 0.65 wt%, B: 0.02 wt%, and the balance of Zn.
The preparation steps of this example are:
1) smelting: adding an electrolytic plate into a furnace, after the electrolytic plate is melted, increasing the voltage to 610V, covering the liquid level with charcoal, covering the liquid level with the height of more than 5mm, heating to 1100-1150 ℃, sequentially adding metal aluminum, manganese, silicon and lead into copper water, stirring after melting, increasing the voltage to 410V, reducing the temperature to 980-1020 ℃, adding zinc into the copper water, preserving the temperature for 3min after melting, heating the temperature to 1020-1080 ℃, carrying out flame spraying, after finishing flame spraying, adding copper-boron alloy (the mass content of boron is 5%), testing the components of the alloy elements, and blending until the components are qualified;
2) horizontal continuous casting: the casting temperature is 1020-1080 ℃, the casting speed is 15mm/s, the primary cooling water pressure is 0.4MPa, secondary cooling water is arranged at a position 150mm away from the outlet of the crystallizer, and the temperature difference between the front edge of the casting blank in the crystallizer and the temperature of the casting blank discharged from the crystallizer is controlled at 750 ℃ to obtain a phi 31mm casting blank;
3) peeling:
obtaining a bar material;
4) annealing of a finished product: and (3) annealing the bar, wherein the annealing temperature is 400 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 60 min.
Example 3
The brass bar material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 58.65 wt%, Pb: 0.65 wt%, Mn: 2.01 wt%, Al: 1.58 wt%, Si: 0.65 wt%, P: 0.66 wt%, Ca: 0.57 wt%, Ni: 0.75 wt%, B: 0.02 wt%, and the balance of Zn.
The preparation steps of this example are:
1) smelting: adding an electrolytic plate into a furnace, after the electrolytic plate is melted, increasing the voltage to 600V, covering the liquid level with charcoal, covering the liquid level with the height of more than 5mm, heating to 1100-1150 ℃, sequentially adding metal aluminum, manganese, silicon and lead into copper water, stirring after melting, increasing the voltage to 400V, reducing the temperature to 980-1020 ℃, adding zinc into the copper water, preserving the temperature for 3min after melting, heating the temperature to 1020-1080 ℃, carrying out flame spraying, after finishing flame spraying, adding copper-boron alloy (the mass content of boron is 5%), testing the components of the alloy elements, and blending until the components are qualified;
2) horizontal continuous casting: the casting temperature is 1020-1080 ℃, the casting speed is 12mm/s, the primary cooling water pressure is 0.4MPa, secondary cooling water is arranged at a position 100mm away from the outlet of the crystallizer, and the temperature difference between the front edge of the casting blank in the crystallizer and the temperature of the casting blank discharged from the crystallizer is controlled at 750 ℃ to obtain a phi 51mm casting blank;
3) peeling:
obtaining a bar material;
4) annealing of a finished product: and (3) annealing the bar, wherein the annealing temperature is 350 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 120 min.
The comparative examples are: cu: 58.10 wt%, Pb: 0.75 wt%, Mn: 2.27 wt%, Al: 2.01 wt%, Si: 0.55 wt%, and the balance of Zn.
Tensile test at room temperature according to GB/T228.1-2010 Metal Material tensile test part 1: room temperature test method was performed on an electronic universal mechanical property tester using a tape head specimen having a width of 12.5mm and a drawing speed of 5 mm/min.
The hardness is detected by GB/T231.3-2021.
And (3) cutting performance detection: the machinability of HPb59-1 was defined as 100%, and the machinability of this example was compared with that of HPb 59-1.
As can be seen from table 1, the area content of the β phase in this example is higher than that in the comparative example, and the average grain size is lower than that in the comparative example, and as can be seen from table 2, the comprehensive mechanical properties of this example are better than those in the comparative example, and the machinability is much higher than that in the comparative example.
TABLE 1 microstructures of inventive and comparative examples
TABLE 2 Properties of examples of the invention and comparative examples
| Numbering | Tensile strength/MPa | Elongation/percent | hardness/HRB | Cutting performance/%) |
| Example 1 | 650 | 15 | 75 | 85 |
| Example 2 | 665 | 15 | 77 | 89 |
| Example 3 | 670 | 13 | 79 | 90 |
| Comparative example | 620 | 10 | 65 | 50 |
Claims (7)
1. A brass bar is characterized in that the brass comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 57 wt% -59 wt%, Pb: 0.2 wt% -0.8 wt%, Mn: 1.5 wt% -3.0 wt%, Al: 1.3 wt% -2.3 wt%, Si: 0.2 wt% -0.8 wt%, P: 0.5 wt% -0.8 wt%, Ca: 0.4 wt% -0.6 wt%, Ni: 0.4 wt% -1.0 wt%, B: 0.01 wt% to 0.03 wt%, and the balance of Zn and unavoidable impurities.
2. A brass bar in accordance with claim 1, in which: the area content of the beta phase in the microstructure of the brass is 40-60%.
3. A brass bar in accordance with claim 1, in which: the microstructure of the brass contains CaCuZnP precipitates, and the area content of the CaCuZnP precipitates is 0.05-0.2%.
4. A brass bar according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in which: the brass rod has a tensile strength of 630MPa or more, a hardness of 70HRB or more, an elongation of 10% or more, and a machinability of 70% or more of HPb 59-1.
5. A method of producing a brass rod in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the preparation method comprises the following preparation steps:
1) smelting: adding an electrolytic plate into a furnace, after the electrolytic plate is melted, increasing the voltage to 550-650V, covering the liquid level with charcoal, covering the liquid level with the height of more than 5mm, and the temperature reaches 1100-1150 ℃, adding metal aluminum, manganese, silicon and lead into copper water in sequence, stirring after melting, increasing the voltage to 350-450V, reducing the temperature to 980-1020 ℃, adding zinc into the copper water, preserving the temperature for 1-3 min after melting, adding copper-phosphorus alloy, copper-calcium alloy and metal nickel into the copper liquid by a pressure spoon, keeping the temperature for 1-5 min, increasing the voltage to 550-650V, increasing the temperature to 1020-1080 ℃, carrying out flame spraying, after finishing the flame spraying, adding copper-boron alloy, testing the elemental components of the alloy, and blending until the components are qualified;
2) horizontal continuous casting: casting at 1020-1080 ℃, at a casting speed of 8-20 mm/s and under a primary cooling water pressure of 0.2-0.4 MPa to obtain a casting blank;
3) peeling: peeling the casting blank to obtain a bar;
4) annealing of a finished product: annealing the bar material, wherein the annealing temperature is 250-400 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 60-120 min.
6. The method of manufacturing a brass rod in accordance with claim 5, wherein: in the step 1), the mass content of phosphorus in the copper-phosphorus alloy is 5-10%, the mass content of calcium in the copper-calcium alloy is 8-15%, and the mass content of boron in the copper-boron alloy is 3-7%.
7. The method of manufacturing a brass rod in accordance with claim 5, wherein: in the step 2), secondary cooling water is arranged at a position 100-250 mm away from the outlet of the crystallizer, and the temperature difference between the front edge of the casting blank in the crystallizer and the temperature of the casting blank discharged from the crystallizer is controlled to be 700-900 ℃.
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| CN115198139A (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2022-10-18 | 宁波金田铜业(集团)股份有限公司 | A kind of wear-resistant brass alloy bar and preparation method thereof |
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