CN102899525A - High strength and toughness wear-resisting complex brass and production method thereof - Google Patents
High strength and toughness wear-resisting complex brass and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 15
- HPDFFVBPXCTEDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Cu] HPDFFVBPXCTEDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- XWHPIFXRKKHEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Fe] XWHPIFXRKKHEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- LULLIKNODDLMDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic(3+) Chemical compound [As+3] LULLIKNODDLMDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910017566 Cu-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910017871 Cu—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910017082 Fe-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910017133 Fe—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910001181 Manganese brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种复杂黄铜合金及其制造方法，特别涉及一种高强度、高韧性、高耐磨性的复杂黄铜及其制造方法。The invention relates to a complex brass alloy and a manufacturing method thereof, in particular to a complex brass with high strength, high toughness and high wear resistance and a manufacturing method thereof.
背景技术 Background technique
黄铜是铜合金中最重要的合金品种，以低成本高性能著称于世，广泛应用于国民经济的各个领域。复杂黄铜是指在黄铜中加入部分合金元素，以改善和提高黄铜某部分性能而制成的合金。在黄铜中加入锰、硅、铝、铁、铅、锡、镍等合金元素，可以使黄铜具有高强度、高耐磨性、高抗疲劳韧性等性能。Brass is the most important alloy variety among copper alloys. It is famous for its low cost and high performance, and is widely used in various fields of national economy. Complex brass refers to the alloy made by adding some alloying elements to brass to improve and enhance the performance of some parts of brass. Adding manganese, silicon, aluminum, iron, lead, tin, nickel and other alloying elements to brass can make brass have high strength, high wear resistance, high fatigue resistance and toughness.
随着国民经济的快速发展，复杂黄铜的应用领域和市场需求迅速扩大，在汽车、液压、自润滑轴承、机械等行业复杂黄铜成为不可或缺的重要零部件材料。近年来，一些使用环境比较恶劣的场合对工程材料提出越来越高的要求，简单黄铜、简单铝黄铜、锰黄铜已经不能满足实际的使用要求，尤其是航空、汽车、液压等工业对耐磨、耐冲蚀、高强度的复杂黄铜有着更加迫切需求。With the rapid development of the national economy, the application fields and market demand of complex brass are rapidly expanding, and complex brass has become an indispensable and important component material in industries such as automobiles, hydraulic pressure, self-lubricating bearings, and machinery. In recent years, some occasions where the use environment is relatively harsh have put forward higher and higher requirements for engineering materials. Simple brass, simple aluminum brass, and manganese brass can no longer meet the actual use requirements, especially in industries such as aviation, automobiles, and hydraulic pressure. There is a more urgent demand for complex brass with wear resistance, erosion resistance and high strength.
国外自20世纪六、七十年代就开始研究耐磨复杂黄铜。八十年代初，日本专利局先后公布了2个有关耐磨黄铜的专利：1)耐磨韧性铜合金，专利号：特开昭56-127741，合金成分为Cu：54-66％，Al：1-5％，Mn：1-5％，Si：0.2-1.5％，Ni：0.5-4％，Fe：0.1-2％，Sn：0.2-2％，余量为Zn。2)耐磨韧性铜合金，专利号：特开昭56-133443，合金成分为Cu：54-60％，Al：1-5％，Mn：1-5％，Si：0.2-1.5％，Ni：0.5-4％，Fe：0.1-2％，Sn：0.2-2％，余量为Zn。中国对耐磨复杂黄铜也展开了研究，如专利号：89105212.7，《多元耐磨铜合金》中公布的化学成分为Cu：50-70％，Zn：15-35％，Al：2-8％，Si：1-4％，Mn：4-15％，Sn：2-6％，Co：0.3-0.5％，Be：0.2-1％，Re：0.05-0.2％。这些合金中铝含量较高，材料的室温塑性和韧性都很低，造成在恶劣的工况条件下，材料容易产生疲劳裂纹，使用寿命较短。国内专利中还含有剧毒物质铍(Be)，对人身和环境造成巨大污染。而且，这些合金加工困难，特别是机加工时，磨刀、损刀厉害。Foreign countries have begun to study wear-resistant complex brass since the 1960s and 1970s. In the early 1980s, the Japanese Patent Office successively announced two patents related to wear-resistant brass: 1) wear-resistant tough copper alloy, patent number: JP-56-127741, the alloy composition is Cu: 54-66%, Al : 1-5%, Mn: 1-5%, Si: 0.2-1.5%, Ni: 0.5-4%, Fe: 0.1-2%, Sn: 0.2-2%, and the balance is Zn. 2) Wear-resistant and tough copper alloy, patent number: JP-A-56-133443, the alloy composition is Cu: 54-60%, Al: 1-5%, Mn: 1-5%, Si: 0.2-1.5%, Ni : 0.5-4%, Fe: 0.1-2%, Sn: 0.2-2%, the balance is Zn. China has also carried out research on wear-resistant complex brass, such as patent number: 89105212.7, the chemical composition published in "Multiple Wear-resistant Copper Alloy" is Cu: 50-70%, Zn: 15-35%, Al: 2-8 %, Si: 1-4%, Mn: 4-15%, Sn: 2-6%, Co: 0.3-0.5%, Be: 0.2-1%, Re: 0.05-0.2%. The aluminum content in these alloys is high, and the plasticity and toughness of the material at room temperature are very low. As a result, under severe working conditions, the material is prone to fatigue cracks and has a short service life. Domestic patents also contain the highly toxic substance beryllium (Be), which causes huge pollution to people and the environment. Moreover, these alloys are difficult to process, especially during machining, the sharpening and damage of the knife are severe.
为了提高复杂黄铜韧性、耐磨性和使用寿命，满足不同工况条件对材料的要求，因此，开发一种高强高韧耐磨复杂黄铜及其制造方法势在必行。In order to improve the toughness, wear resistance and service life of complex brass and meet the material requirements of different working conditions, it is imperative to develop a high-strength, high-toughness and wear-resistant complex brass and its manufacturing method.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的第一个技术问题是提供一种高强高韧耐磨复杂黄铜，具有高强度、高韧性、高耐磨性、加工性能好，热成型性能佳的特点。The first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a high-strength, high-toughness and wear-resistant complex brass, which has the characteristics of high strength, high toughness, high wear resistance, good processing performance and good thermoforming performance.
本发明所要解决的第一个技术问题是提供一种高强高韧耐磨复杂黄铜的制备方法，制得的复杂黄铜具有高强度、高韧性、高耐磨性、加工性能好，热成型性能佳的特点。The first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a preparation method of high-strength, high-toughness and wear-resistant complex brass. The prepared complex brass has high strength, high toughness, high wear resistance, good processability, and can Features of good performance.
本发明解决上述第一个技术问题所采用的技术方案为：一种高强高韧耐磨复杂黄铜，其特征在于其组分配比为：54-62wt％铜、0.5-3.5wt％锰，0.2-3.0wt％硅，0.2-3.5wt％镍，0.1-1.0wt％铅，0.1-0.5wt％锡，0.1-1.0wt％铁，0.03-0.15wt％砷，0.02-0.2wt％钛，余量为锌以及不可避免杂质，其中不可避免杂质的总量不大于0.1wt％。The technical scheme adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned first technical problem is: a high-strength, high-toughness and wear-resistant complex brass, which is characterized in that its component distribution ratio is: 54-62wt% copper, 0.5-3.5wt% manganese, 0.2 -3.0wt% silicon, 0.2-3.5wt% nickel, 0.1-1.0wt% lead, 0.1-0.5wt% tin, 0.1-1.0wt% iron, 0.03-0.15wt% arsenic, 0.02-0.2wt% titanium, balance It is zinc and unavoidable impurities, wherein the total amount of unavoidable impurities is not more than 0.1wt%.
作为优选，其组分配比为：56-60wt％铜、0.5-3.5wt％锰，0.2-2.0wt％硅，0.2-3.5wt％镍，0.2-1.0铅，0.1-0.5wt％锡，0.1-0.5wt％铁，0.03-0.10wt％砷，0.02-0.2wt％钛，余量为锌以及不可避免杂质，其中不可避免杂质的总量不大于0.1wt％。Preferably, its composition ratio is: 56-60wt% copper, 0.5-3.5wt% manganese, 0.2-2.0wt% silicon, 0.2-3.5wt% nickel, 0.2-1.0 lead, 0.1-0.5wt% tin, 0.1- 0.5wt% iron, 0.03-0.10wt% arsenic, 0.02-0.2wt% titanium, the balance being zinc and unavoidable impurities, wherein the total amount of unavoidable impurities is not more than 0.1wt%.
本发明解决上述第二个技术问题所采用的技术方案为：一种高强高韧耐磨复杂黄铜的制备方法，其特征在于按54-62wt％铜、0.5-3.5wt％锰，0.2-3.0wt％硅，0.2-3.5wt％镍，0.1-1.0wt％铅，0.1-0.5wt％锡，0.1-1.0wt％铁，0.03-0.15wt％砷，0.02-0.2wt％钛，余量为锌以及不可避免杂质，其中不可避免杂质的总量不大于0.1wt％的组分配比将电解铜、铜锰中间合金、铁硅合金、海绵钛、电解镍、电解锌、铅锭、锡锭和金属砷依次加入感应电炉内熔炼；熔炼温度为1030～1080℃，待全部金属熔化后，保温5-30分钟；进行铜合金锭浇铸，浇铸温度1030～1050℃；然后将铜合金铸锭加热到550～700℃进行热挤压；热挤压后的挤压坯在450～600℃下进行高温退火；高温退火后的半成品经拉伸、去应力退火、矫直、抛光后成为成品。The technical scheme adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned second technical problem is: a preparation method of high-strength, high-toughness and wear-resistant complex brass, which is characterized in that 54-62wt% copper, 0.5-3.5wt% manganese, 0.2-3.0 wt% silicon, 0.2-3.5wt% nickel, 0.1-1.0wt% lead, 0.1-0.5wt% tin, 0.1-1.0wt% iron, 0.03-0.15wt% arsenic, 0.02-0.2wt% titanium, the balance being zinc And unavoidable impurities, wherein the total amount of unavoidable impurities is not more than 0.1wt% of the composition ratio of electrolytic copper, copper-manganese intermediate alloy, iron-silicon alloy, sponge titanium, electrolytic nickel, electrolytic zinc, lead ingot, tin ingot and metal Arsenic is sequentially added to the induction furnace for smelting; the melting temperature is 1030-1080°C, and after all the metal is melted, it is kept for 5-30 minutes; the copper alloy ingot is cast at a casting temperature of 1030-1050°C; then the copper alloy ingot is heated to 550 Hot extrusion at ~700°C; high-temperature annealing of the extruded billet at 450-600°C; semi-finished products after high-temperature annealing are stretched, stress-relieved annealed, straightened, and polished to become finished products.
作为优选，所述组分配比为：56-60wt％铜、0.5-3.5wt％锰，0.2-2.0wt％硅，0.2-3.5wt％镍，0.2-1.0铅，0.1-0.5wt％锡，0.1-0.5wt％铁，0.03-0.10wt％砷，0.02-0.2wt％钛，余量为锌以及不可避免杂质，其中不可避免杂质的总量不大于0.1wt％。Preferably, the component distribution ratio is: 56-60wt% copper, 0.5-3.5wt% manganese, 0.2-2.0wt% silicon, 0.2-3.5wt% nickel, 0.2-1.0 lead, 0.1-0.5wt% tin, 0.1 - 0.5wt% iron, 0.03-0.10wt% arsenic, 0.02-0.2wt% titanium, the balance being zinc and unavoidable impurities, wherein the total amount of unavoidable impurities is not more than 0.1wt%.
再优选，所述铜锰中间合金中锰含量为15-30wt％。More preferably, the manganese content in the copper-manganese master alloy is 15-30wt%.
再优选，所述的铁硅合金中铁含量为20～40wt％。More preferably, the iron content in the iron-silicon alloy is 20-40wt%.
最后，所述高温退火温度优选为500～580℃。Finally, the high temperature annealing temperature is preferably 500-580°C.
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：组分配比设计科学合理，通过用锰、硅、镍来提高合金的耐磨性能，用铅、锡来提高合金的切削性能，用钛、铁来细化晶粒，用砷来提高合金抗腐蚀性能。本发明的复杂黄铜加工性能更好，强度和韧性更高，耐磨性能更加稳定，并且制备方法简单，易于工业化生产。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages of: the composition ratio design is scientific and reasonable, the wear resistance of the alloy is improved by using manganese, silicon and nickel, the cutting performance of the alloy is improved by lead and tin, and the cutting performance of the alloy is improved by using titanium, iron To refine the grain, use arsenic to improve the corrosion resistance of the alloy. The complex brass of the invention has better processing performance, higher strength and toughness, more stable wear resistance, simple preparation method and easy industrial production.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further detail.
首先对于本发明的高强高韧耐磨复杂黄铜的各元素组分含量范围的确定作具体说明：First, the determination of the content range of each element component of the high-strength, high-toughness and wear-resistant complex brass of the present invention is specifically described:
铜：copper:
本发明的高强高韧耐磨复杂黄铜的铜含量是54-62wt％。铜含量低于54wt％时，冷加工性能差，拉拔过程中容易断裂，成品的延伸率低，实用价值低。铜含量高于62wt％时，β相含量低，热加工性能和耐磨性能不佳，而且制造成本增高。The copper content of the high-strength, high-toughness and wear-resistant complex brass of the present invention is 54-62wt%. When the copper content is lower than 54wt%, the cold workability is poor, it is easy to break during the drawing process, the elongation of the finished product is low, and the practical value is low. When the copper content is higher than 62wt%, the β phase content is low, the hot workability and wear resistance are not good, and the manufacturing cost is increased.
锰、硅和镍：Manganese, Silicon and Nickel:
锰、硅和镍可以形成Mn5Si3Ni2金属间化合物，显微硬度较高，当均匀弥散分布在基体中时可显著提高材料的耐磨性能。当这种金属间化合物低于0.5wt％时，达不到提高耐磨性的目的，且强度较低；当这种金属间化合物高于10％时，材料韧性大幅度降低。此外，锰和镍还可以稳定α相，强化基体。因此，将锰含量控制在0.5-3.5wt％范围，将硅含量控制在0.2-2.0wt％范围，将镍含量控制在0.2-3.5wt％范围。Manganese, silicon and nickel can form Mn5Si3Ni2 intermetallic compound, which has high microhardness, and can significantly improve the wear resistance of the material when uniformly dispersed in the matrix. When the intermetallic compound is less than 0.5 wt%, the purpose of improving wear resistance cannot be achieved, and the strength is low; when the intermetallic compound is higher than 10%, the toughness of the material is greatly reduced. In addition, manganese and nickel can also stabilize the α phase and strengthen the matrix. Therefore, the manganese content is controlled in the range of 0.5-3.5 wt%, the silicon content is controlled in the range of 0.2-2.0 wt%, and the nickel content is controlled in the range of 0.2-3.5 wt%.
铅和锡：Lead and Tin:
铅和锡的作用是提高合金切削性能。铅、锡可以使切屑细小，加工表面光洁度高。当铅和锡都小于0.1wt％时，不能达到满意的切削效果，当铅大于1.0wt％，锡大于0.5wt％时，降低合金的冷加工性能，韧性也降低。同时，锡还可以提高合金的抗海水腐蚀性能。The role of lead and tin is to improve the cutting performance of the alloy. Lead and tin can make the chips fine and the machined surface has a high finish. When the lead and tin are both less than 0.1wt%, satisfactory cutting effect cannot be achieved; when the lead is more than 1.0wt%, and the tin is more than 0.5wt%, the cold workability of the alloy is reduced, and the toughness is also reduced. At the same time, tin can also improve the seawater corrosion resistance of the alloy.
钛和铁：Titanium and iron:
钛和铁的主要作用是细化晶粒。钛和铁在凝固过程中作为晶粒形核核心，大大增加形核率，促使晶粒细化。当钛低于0.02wt％，铁低于0.1wt％，形核核心太少，晶粒细化不明显；当钛大于0.2wt％，铁大于1.0wt％，会形成富铁硬化相偏聚在晶界，恶化材料性能，降低韧性。The main role of titanium and iron is to refine the grain. Titanium and iron act as grain nucleation cores during the solidification process, which greatly increases the nucleation rate and promotes grain refinement. When titanium is less than 0.02wt% and iron is less than 0.1wt%, there are too few nucleation cores and grain refinement is not obvious; when titanium is more than 0.2wt% and iron is more than 1.0wt%, iron-rich hardening phases will form and segregate in Grain boundaries deteriorate material properties and reduce toughness.
砷：arsenic:
砷能固溶在铜中，它的主要作用是改善合金的耐脱锌腐蚀性能。在腐蚀介质中，固溶的砷与合金中的空位缺陷有强烈的相互作用，阻碍锌的优先溶解。当砷含量低于0.03wt％时，不能起到阻碍锌溶解的作用，当砷含量大于0.15wt％时，会增大合金应力腐蚀破裂的敏感性。Arsenic can be dissolved in copper, and its main function is to improve the dezincification resistance of the alloy. In corrosive media, solid-dissolved arsenic interacts strongly with vacancy defects in the alloy, hindering the preferential dissolution of zinc. When the arsenic content is lower than 0.03wt%, it cannot hinder the dissolution of zinc, and when the arsenic content is greater than 0.15wt%, it will increase the sensitivity of the alloy to stress corrosion cracking.
因此确定组分配比为：54-62wt％铜、0.5-3.5wt％锰，0.2-3.0wt％硅，0.2-3.5wt％镍，0.1-1.0wt％铅，0.1-0.5wt％锡，0.1-1.0wt％铁，0.03-0.15wt％砷，0.02-0.2wt％钛，余量为锌以及不可避免杂质，其中不可避免杂质的总量不大于0.1wt％；Therefore, it is determined that the component distribution ratio is: 54-62wt% copper, 0.5-3.5wt% manganese, 0.2-3.0wt% silicon, 0.2-3.5wt% nickel, 0.1-1.0wt% lead, 0.1-0.5wt% tin, 0.1- 1.0wt% iron, 0.03-0.15wt% arsenic, 0.02-0.2wt% titanium, the balance being zinc and unavoidable impurities, wherein the total amount of unavoidable impurities is not more than 0.1wt%;
优选为56-60wt％铜、0.5-3.5wt％锰，0.2-2.0wt％硅，0.2-3.5wt％镍，0.2-1.0铅，0.1-0.5wt％锡，0.1-0.5wt％铁，0.03-0.10wt％砷，0.02-0.2wt％钛，余量为锌以及不可避免杂质，其中不可避免杂质的总量不大于0.1wt％。Preferably 56-60wt% copper, 0.5-3.5wt% manganese, 0.2-2.0wt% silicon, 0.2-3.5wt% nickel, 0.2-1.0 lead, 0.1-0.5wt% tin, 0.1-0.5wt% iron, 0.03- 0.10wt% arsenic, 0.02-0.2wt% titanium, the balance being zinc and unavoidable impurities, wherein the total amount of unavoidable impurities is not more than 0.1wt%.
接下来具体说明本发明的高强高韧耐磨复杂黄铜的制备方法：Next, the preparation method of the high-strength, high-toughness and wear-resistant complex brass of the present invention is specifically described:
1、制备铜锰和铁硅中间合金。铜锰中间合金的制备方法为：按锰为25wt％其余为铜的配比，在1200～1300℃范围内熔化，并浇铸成铜锰中间合金的铸锭，将此铸锭破碎呈块状备用。铁硅中间合金的制备方法为：按铁∶硅＝1∶3的比例，在1300～1400℃范围内熔化，并浇铸铁硅中间合金的铸锭，将此铸锭破碎呈块状备用。1. Prepare copper-manganese and iron-silicon master alloys. The preparation method of the copper-manganese master alloy is as follows: according to the ratio of 25wt% manganese and the balance of copper, it is melted in the range of 1200-1300 ° C, and cast into an ingot of the copper-manganese master alloy, and the ingot is broken into blocks for later use. . The preparation method of the iron-silicon master alloy is as follows: according to the ratio of iron:silicon=1:3, melting in the range of 1300-1400° C., casting an ingot of the iron-silicon master alloy, breaking the ingot into blocks for later use.
2、黄铜合金制备方法为：按54-62wt％铜、0.5-3.5wt％锰，0.2-3.0wt％硅，0.2-3.5wt％镍，0.1-1.0铅，0.1-0.5wt％锡，0.1-1.0wt％铁，0.03-0.15砷，0.02-0.2钛，余量为锌以及不可避免杂质，不可避免的杂质总量不大于0.1wt％的成分配比，将电解铜、铜锰中间合金、铁硅合金、海绵钛、电解镍、电解锌、铅锭、锡锭和金属砷依次加入感应电炉内熔炼；熔炼温度为1030～1080℃，待金属全部熔化后，将温度提高至1100℃以上，喷火去杂质，喷火完毕，保温5～30分钟；采用立式半连续浇铸，浇铸温度为1030～1050℃，制备出Φ145mm黄铜合金铸锭。然后将铜合金铸锭加热到550～700℃进行热挤压；热挤压后的挤压坯在450～600℃下进行高温退火。高温退火后的半成品经拉伸、去应力退火、矫直、抛光后成为成品。2. The brass alloy preparation method is: 54-62wt% copper, 0.5-3.5wt% manganese, 0.2-3.0wt% silicon, 0.2-3.5wt% nickel, 0.1-1.0 lead, 0.1-0.5wt% tin, 0.1 - 1.0wt% iron, 0.03-0.15 arsenic, 0.02-0.2 titanium, the balance is zinc and unavoidable impurities, the total amount of unavoidable impurities is not more than 0.1wt% composition ratio, electrolytic copper, copper-manganese master alloy, Iron-silicon alloy, titanium sponge, electrolytic nickel, electrolytic zinc, lead ingot, tin ingot and metal arsenic are sequentially added to the induction furnace for melting; the melting temperature is 1030-1080°C, and after all the metals are melted, the temperature is raised to above 1100°C. Fire spraying to remove impurities, after the fire spraying is completed, keep warm for 5-30 minutes; adopt vertical semi-continuous casting, the casting temperature is 1030-1050 ℃, and prepare a Φ145mm brass alloy ingot. Then the copper alloy ingot is heated to 550-700°C for hot extrusion; the extruded billet after hot extrusion is subjected to high-temperature annealing at 450-600°C. The semi-finished product after high-temperature annealing becomes a finished product after stretching, stress relief annealing, straightening and polishing.
下面将本发明的具体实施例与比较例进行比较，其化学成分如表1所示。The specific examples of the present invention are compared with the comparative examples below, and their chemical compositions are shown in Table 1.
比较例合金选取牌号为CuZn37Mn3Al2PbSi和CuZn38Mn2NiSi的合金。其中比较例1为CuZn37Mn3Al2PbSi合金，比较例2为CuZn38Mn2NiSi的合金。The alloys of the comparative example are alloys whose grades are CuZn37Mn3Al2PbSi and CuZn38Mn2NiSi. Wherein comparative example 1 is a CuZn37Mn3Al2PbSi alloy, and comparative example 2 is an alloy of CuZn38Mn2NiSi.
表1本发明实施例合金与比较例合金的化学成分(wt％)Table 1 The chemical composition (wt%) of the embodiment alloy of the present invention and comparative example alloy
后续加工工艺为：热挤压→高温退火→拉伸→去应力退火→矫直抛光→检验包装入库。The subsequent processing technology is: hot extrusion→high temperature annealing→stretching→stress relief annealing→straightening and polishing→inspection, packaging and storage.
最后将本发明实施例合金与比较例合金测试性能如下：Finally the embodiment alloy of the present invention and comparative example alloy test performance are as follows:
1、力学性能1. Mechanical properties
表2为本发明实施例合金与比较例合金的抗拉强度、延伸率和维氏硬度值。Table 2 shows the tensile strength, elongation and Vickers hardness values of the alloys of the examples of the present invention and the alloys of comparative examples.
表2实施例与比较例合金的抗拉强度、延伸率和维氏硬度值The tensile strength, elongation and Vickers hardness value of table 2 embodiment and comparative example alloy
可以看到实施例抗拉强度和延伸率高于比较例合金。It can be seen that the tensile strength and elongation of the examples are higher than those of the comparative alloys.
2、耐磨性能2. Wear resistance
耐磨性能测试在摩擦磨损试验机上进行，测试参数为：The wear resistance test is carried out on a friction and wear testing machine, and the test parameters are:
转速：800r/min；载荷：50MPa；润滑油：68#液压油；摩擦副：GCr15轴承钢；总圈数：20000转。Speed: 800r/min; Load: 50MPa; Lubricating oil: 68# hydraulic oil; Friction pair: GCr15 bearing steel; Total number of turns: 20,000 revolutions.
表3发明实施例与比较例合金的耐磨性能Table 3 The wear resistance of invention embodiment and comparative example alloy
可以得出本发明实施例合金耐磨性能明显优于比较例合金。It can be concluded that the wear resistance of the alloy of the embodiment of the present invention is obviously better than that of the alloy of the comparative example.
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