CN113557816A - Desert mechanized planting method - Google Patents
Desert mechanized planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113557816A CN113557816A CN202110900060.9A CN202110900060A CN113557816A CN 113557816 A CN113557816 A CN 113557816A CN 202110900060 A CN202110900060 A CN 202110900060A CN 113557816 A CN113557816 A CN 113557816A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a desert mechanized planting method, which comprises the following steps: selecting a planting area, removing sand on the surface layer of the planting area, and paving a waterproof layer; arranging a supporting mechanism in the planting area and fixing sand in the planting area; paving a water supply pipe, wherein the water supply pipe is fixed on the supporting mechanism to form a netted water supply pipeline; a plurality of ground springs are arranged on the waterproof layer, and the ground springs and the water supply pipeline are of a communicating structure; backfilling planting soil, and burying the supporting mechanism and the water supply pipe in the planting soil to form a planting layer with a flat and accessible ground surface; mechanically planting and/or harvesting a crop or a cash crop in a planting area with supporting force. The planting area formed by the technical scheme of the invention can realize mechanized planting/harvesting in the season suitable for planting, and the planting layer is kept in a wet state and in a dormant state when the desert area is high in wind sand and is not suitable for planting at low temperature in winter, so that the planting area has the functions of wind prevention and sand fixation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of desert planting, in particular to a desert mechanical planting method.
Background
China is one of countries with serious desertification hazard in the world, the area of the existing desert and desertification land is about 260 tens of thousands of square kilometers, which accounts for 27.4 percent of the area of the national soil, the desert and desertification land is mainly distributed in 18 provinces (regions), and nearly 4 hundred million people receive the influence of desertification. In recent years, the climate in desertification regions is continuously deteriorated and artificially damaged, so that the year is sharply increased at a speed of 2460 square kilometers. Therefore, how to protect and improve the ecological environment in desert areas, slow down the desertification speed and develop new living spaces of human beings is a significant practical problem in China, especially in dry areas in the west.
The desert planting difficulty is very big, and the main view at present is firstly to fix sand, secondly to fix water, and thirdly to form the ecological cycle. Because the rainwater in the desert area is rare, the crops which are just planted are difficult to survive only by watering once or twice; therefore, how to provide a good growth environment for the crops just planted becomes one of the difficulties in the field. The most difficult problem to solve for desert planting is the lack of water source. From the characteristics of sand itself, the water binding capacity is poor, and the water conductivity is strong, no matter rainfall or artificial irrigation, water can be quick to each direction diffusion stay, and what the plant root system of planting can absorb can only be a few partly, consequently, the key problem that the desert was planted is how to let the plant can absorb moisture and carry out deep irrigation to the root of plant. In the prior art, fly ash, slag and the like are filled into a desert as planting soil, but due to the shortage of water and wind sand in the desert, plants cannot fix roots, so that the desert control and desert planting effects are not obvious.
On the other hand, the desert area is hard in conditions and seriously deficient in labor force. This is extremely difficult for the personnel who control the desert, and the manpower input in the aspect of desert control is always insufficient, and the control efficiency is extremely low, leads to the desertification to become more and more serious, and the control speed can't keep pace with the speed of desertification seriously. Therefore, improving the desert control conditions, increasing the speed of desert control and improving the control efficiency are one of the preferred ways to solve the desertification.
The invention of China patent CN104631424A discloses a large-scale mechanized desert control method, which describes that mechanical equipment is used to push out a transportation channel, and a carpet woven by plant straws is transported to the side of a sand dune along the transportation channel by an automobile to cover the sand dune, thereby ensuring that the sand soil can not be blown by wind, and the carpet can reduce the surface temperature, keep moisture, provide nutrition and the like. But the problem of sand water-holding capacity can not be solved to this scheme is obvious, also can't solve the irrigation problem, does not handle the sand dune simultaneously, also can't realize mechanization at the planting process, and the car can't go in the sand dune, and other mechanical equipment also can't work in planting the region.
The Chinese invention patent CN111758472A discloses a method for planting trees in desert, which discloses a self-help irrigation appliance, which is provided with a water storage space, can quickly absorb excessive moisture in sand to prevent moisture loss when raining, and maintains the water balance between the sand and the self-help irrigation appliance, thereby slowly releasing moisture according to the moisture content of the sand and realizing self-help irrigation. Meanwhile, the self-help irrigation tool is buried in the pit for planting plants, one-to-one water supply is realized, and the problem of irrigation of the planted plants is solved. But this self-service irrigation apparatus sets up in 3cm apart from the earth's surface, can't realize mechanized operation, otherwise can damage self-service irrigation apparatus. Meanwhile, the ground surface of the tool is not supported, sand cannot be supported if large-scale mechanical operation is achieved, mechanical equipment cannot run, and meanwhile, due to the fact that the tool and planted crops are placed into the planting pits at the same time, the mechanical equipment cannot be used for large-scale planting.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a desert mechanized planting method, which solves the problem of serious shortage of labor force in desert control, provides a new idea for desert control, can fundamentally solve the root problem of desert desertification, and can bring economic benefits for farmers.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a planting area, removing sand on the surface layer of the planting area according to the actual requirement of crop planting, and paving a waterproof layer;
(2) arranging a supporting mechanism in the planting area to fix the sand in the planting area and prevent the sand from flowing;
(3) paving a water supply pipe, wherein the water supply pipe is fixed on the supporting mechanism to form a netted water supply pipeline;
(4) a plurality of land springs are arranged on the waterproof layer, the land springs and the water supply pipeline are of a communicating structure, and a conglobate structure capable of keeping sand in the planting area in a bonding effect is formed;
(5) backfilling planting soil, namely burying the supporting mechanism and the water supply pipe in the planting soil to form a planting layer with a flat and accessible ground surface, and providing a foundation for operation for mechanical equipment;
(6) mechanically planting and/or harvesting a crop or a cash crop in a planting area with supporting force.
Preferably, the supporting mechanism comprises a protection plate and a supporting piece, and the protection plate is fixedly arranged on the periphery of the planting area to form a frame-shaped structure; the support piece is buried in the planting area, the planting area is divided into a plurality of unit cells, and the height of the support device is equal to that of the planting layer.
Preferably, the protection plate can protrude out of the ground surface of the planting area to form a windproof layer.
Preferably, the supporting device is formed by splicing and fixing a plurality of supporting piece units, the supporting pieces are transversely and longitudinally uniformly arranged and fixed in a frame-shaped structure formed by the protection plates to form a matrix structure, and the planting area is divided into a plurality of 2m × 2m unit cells. The support piece comprises a frame body and a plurality of support rods, the frame body is of a square frame structure, and the support rods are vertically fixed in the frame body.
Preferably, the water supply pipe is fixed on all the horizontal/longitudinal support members in the planting area to form water supply pipelines arranged in a staggered mode, and the support members are further fixed.
Preferably, the support member is provided with a groove, and the water supply pipe is fixed in the groove.
Preferably, the waterproof layer is a plastic waterproof film or a plastic waterproof board.
The selection is carried out according to the surrounding environment of the planting area to be selected or the actual situation of the planting area. The crops can be gramineae plants such as corn, wheat and the like, the commercial crops can be selected from traditional Chinese medicine crops, and the traditional Chinese medicine crops can be selected from extreme weather resistant crops such as liquorice, ephedra and the like, and are suitable for growing in sandy soil. Or any plant suitable for sandy soil, such as potatoes, sea buckthorn saplings, haloxylon ammodendron saplings and the like, has high survival rate, does not need too many persons to nurse and saves labor force. After the crops are mature, mechanical equipment can be adopted for harvesting, the labor is saved, the method can be popularized in a large area in desert areas, and the income of farmers is increased.
Preferably, the ground springs are connected with a water tank arranged on the ground surface, so that uniform irrigation is realized.
Preferably, the water tank is a water and fertilizer integrated water tank, and a filter is arranged in the water tank and can be used together with biological fertilizer.
The planting layer is divided into an upper part and a lower part in the plant growing process, the upper part is a planting part of the plant, the plant is planted on the planting part, the lower part is a growing part with a part of plant root systems extending, and a ground spring is buried in the growing part. Because the water-holding performance of the sand is poor, the sand absorbs water from the spring and conducts the water to the sand at the periphery to form a uniform and moist growing environment, and the plant gradually stretches the root system to the growing part with water. Meanwhile, the sand layer has the characteristics of multiple holes, uniform diffusion and no hardening, and the water source of the growing part is continuously conducted to the planting part for ensuring the uniform diffusion of water, so that a wet environment is provided for the planting part, and the sand can form a bulk structure with a bonding effect under the wet condition. On one hand, water in the planting part provides support for survival of plants, on the other hand, dry sand is very easy to blow away by wind due to the fact that wind in the desert is large, but when the sand on the surface of the planting area is always in a wet state, the sand keeps a state of a conglobate structure with a bonding effect, and the wind prevention and sand fixation effects are achieved.
When not raining, water is supplied to the planting layer through the ground spring, and the growing part of the planting layer can conduct the water to the planting part; when raining, the ground spring is provided with the water storage space and can collect and store rainwater, so that rainwater can be fully utilized, and water for deserts is saved.
On the other hand, the invention can realize the mechanized planting in the desert area, the desert area has large temperature difference in winter and summer, and is generally sown/harvested in spring, summer and autumn, the desert area has low temperature and large wind sand in winter, and the planting layer is in a dormant state when the desert area is not suitable for most crops or economic crops to grow, the spring can ensure that the planting layer is always in a wet state at the same time to form a sand fixing effect, and the porous structure of the sand can provide a heat preservation effect for the ground spring and the water supply pipe buried in the sand.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the planting area formed by the technical scheme of the invention can realize mechanized planting/harvesting in the season suitable for planting, and the planting layer is kept in a wet state and in a dormant state when the desert area is windy and sandy and the temperature is low and the planting is not suitable for planting in winter, so that the planting area has the functions of wind prevention and sand fixation, and finally desert self-repairing is realized.
2. The invention is provided with the smooth planting layer without barriers and with supporting force, can provide support for mechanized planting, saves labor resources and has great technical support for the shortage of labor in desert areas. Particularly, the desert area is large in wind sand, the desert control condition is hard, the control efficiency is low, the desert control cannot be mechanically operated in the prior art due to the defect that sand is easy to flow and cannot be fixed, and the desert control method has a great promotion effect on the desert control technology.
3. The invention adopts a mode of burying the ground spring and the water supply pipe in a deep layer and places the ground spring and the water supply pipe at the bottom end of the plant root system, so that the plant root system can develop downwards, and the survival rate and the sand fixation capacity of plants planted in desert are improved; and the water storage function of the land spring can collect rainwater, slowly release the rainwater to meet the growth of plants, and save water resources of deserts.
4. The earth's surface sets up liquid manure integration water tank, provides abundant nutrition for the plant, and can slowly release together with water, and the plant can last the absorption, has practiced thrift the process of fertilizeing.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a planting area according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a supporting member according to a first embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a right-view structural schematic diagram of a supporting member according to a first embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic sectional structure view of a planting layer according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1, planting area; 2, a support member; 201 a frame body; 202 supporting rods; 203, supporting a seat; 204 grooves; 3, protecting plates; 4, spring; 401 connecting pipe; 5 water supply pipe.
Detailed Description
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
The invention provides a desert mechanized planting method, which mainly comprises the following steps:
1. and (5) dividing a region. Selecting a desert area, selecting a planting area in the desert area, removing sand on the surface layer of the planting area according to the actual needs of crop planting, wherein the removed sand is at least over 50cm, and preferably 60-80 cm. The sand that removes is too thick, has increased work load and labour cost, and the sand that removes is too thin, influences the degree of depth of downward development of plant root system, leads to the plant to float the root, can not reach the effect of plant sand fixation promptly, also can lead to the plant to be blown away by wind or with plant root system not hard up, influences the survival rate of plant.
2. And (4) preventing water loss. In the desert, water is the most scarce resource, consequently, no matter be natural rainfall or artificial irrigation, guarantees not losing of water, lets water remain in the sand, can let the root system of plant absorb moisture, is the key of desert planting survival rate. The survival rate of desert planting is not high, and mainly the plants cannot absorb water for survival, so the first problem to be solved is how to enable the plants to absorb water for survival and growth. However, sand has poor water-holding capacity due to its own characteristics, and is very likely to guide water to an area where the plant root system cannot absorb it. In view of this, the invention adopts a water-resisting method to prevent the water loss, and the specific method is to lay a waterproof layer on the basis of the step 1, wherein the waterproof layer is preferably a plastic waterproof film.
3. A support mechanism is provided. One of the technical problems to be solved by the invention is how to realize mechanized planting in a desert area, but sand is used as a medium which is easy to flow, mechanical equipment cannot run on the surface of the desert, and even if mechanized planting is realized, plants can displace along with the sand, and the root systems of the plants are separated from the sand. Therefore, to solve the technical problem, it is necessary to solve the problem that the mechanical equipment can run on the sand smoothly without moving the sand. The support mechanism is arranged in the selected planting area, and has the functions of preventing sand from flowing, providing a support with certain strength for the mechanical equipment during running, and providing a flat plane for the mechanical equipment during running, so that an implementation basis is provided for mechanized planting. Therefore, the supporting mechanism is arranged on the waterproof layer, the height of the supporting mechanism is flush with the surface of the planting layer, sand in the planting area is fixed, and meanwhile, the supporting mechanism provides support for mechanical equipment.
4. A water supply pipeline is arranged in the supporting mechanism. The water supply pipeline can be directly or indirectly fixed on the supporting mechanism or directly integrated with the supporting mechanism to form a net-shaped integrated structure, and is connected through a connecting pipe during installation. The water supply pipeline is buried in the planting soil, the sand does not have supporting force per se and is easy to flow, and the water supply pipeline is fixed in the supporting mechanism in order to prevent the water supply pipeline from being damaged by extrusion of mechanical equipment.
5. A plurality of ground springs are arranged on the waterproof layer. The land spring is an automatic irrigation device, and is matched with a water source and planting sandy soil to form an automatic micro-irrigation system. This automatic slight irrigation system can bury and cover in the below ground, forms deep irrigation to can make the root system root of plant root in the deep foundation soil and prick root in desert depths, can fix the sand, can promote plant roots's growth again, thereby improve the survival rate that the plant planted in the desert, realize that plant planting comes the desert to administer. The self-help irrigation tool disclosed in the Chinese invention patent CN111758472A is directly connected with a water supply pipeline and fixed on a waterproof layer to form a deep water supply network, but the self-help irrigation tool does not supply water to individual seedlings one by one in the invention patent. The invention adopts the technical scheme that the underground spring is buried at the lower part of the root system of the planted crop, the plant root system can only contact partial water during irrigation, and the water below the root system is more sufficient, so that the root system of the plant develops downwards, and the effects of deep root pricking and sand soil fixing are achieved. Simultaneously, utilize the water storage space in the ground spring, prevent the moisture loss with the unnecessary moisture fast absorption in the sand when raining to maintain the water balance of sand and ground spring, thereby slowly release moisture according to the moisture content of sand, realize self-service irrigation.
On the other hand, the water at the bottom is conducted upwards due to the conduction function of the sand, so that the sand on the surface layer where the plants grow can obtain part of water, namely the growth and the germination of the plants are maintained, and the sand can form a bonded massive structure to prevent wind from blowing away.
6. And backfilling planting soil. And (3) backfilling the sand removed in the step (1) to a planting area, covering a waterproof layer, a water supply pipeline, a ground spring and a supporting mechanism of the planting area, and forming a planting layer with a smooth surface, wherein the thickness of the planting layer is preferably 60-80 cm, and the planting layer is suitable for plant growth. The planting soil may comprise the entire removed sand or may be mixed with small portions of other materials, such as sludge, fly ash, construction slag, other planting soil, organic soil, etc., depending on the actual conditions in the vicinity of the planting area. Soil suitable for planting is scarce in general conditions in desert areas, so that sand backfilling is the best technical scheme, and the problem that other substances are transported from a distance without consuming manpower and material resources can be solved nearby. And other substances are mixed, so that on one hand, nutrition is provided for sand planting, resources are comprehensively utilized, and on the other hand, the process of desert soil formation is accelerated. Planting layer surface levels and barrier-free, buries and covers the supporting mechanism wherein and provide the holding power, makes mechanical equipment can carry out the operation on the surface, can not destroy planting intraformational water supply line and ground spring promptly, also can not let the sand flow, has guaranteed that plant roots can fix in the sand, can not cause the influence to the survival rate.
7. The water tank is arranged on the ground surface and is communicated with the water supply pipeline through a water pipe, so that the water tank, the water supply pipeline and the water spring form a communicating structure. If the sand on the planting layer is seriously lack of water under the condition of not raining for a long time, and the water storage space in the ground spring is dried, the water in the water tank on the ground surface can be adopted. The water in the water tank can be integrated with water and fertilizer, and a filter is arranged in the water tank, so that the water tank can be used together with biological fertilizer, nutrients are provided for planted crops, additional fertilization is not needed, and the integration of irrigation and fertilization is realized. Especially, the biological preparation containing trace elements can be designed according to the special requirements of crops to prevent and treat the crop diseases.
8. Crops or cash crops are planted on the planting layer, and selection is carried out according to the surrounding environment of the planting area selected as required or the actual situation of the planting area. The crops can be gramineae plants such as corn, wheat and the like, the commercial crops can be selected from traditional Chinese medicine crops, and the traditional Chinese medicine crops can be selected from extreme weather resistant crops such as liquorice, ephedra and the like, and are suitable for growing in sandy soil. Or any plant suitable for sandy soil, such as potatoes, sea buckthorn saplings, haloxylon ammodendron saplings and the like, has high survival rate, does not need too many persons to nurse and saves labor force. After the crops are mature, mechanical equipment can be adopted for harvesting, labor is saved, the method can be popularized in a large area in desert areas, and agricultural income is improved. Once the planting area is built, fewer personnel are needed, and the defect of insufficient labor force in the desert area at present is overcome.
The desert mechanized planting method will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
Step 1: selecting a planting area, wherein the area can be selected according to the actual situation, selecting a planting area of 30m multiplied by 20m in the embodiment, removing sand of 60cm by using a crawler dozer, and piling the sand beside the planting area for later use. The planting area forms a groove-shaped accommodating space with a 60 cm-deep square shape.
Step 2: the plastic waterproof film is laid to serve as a waterproof layer and can be spliced, and the peripheral edges of the plastic waterproof film can be fixed on the ground surface to prevent the plastic waterproof film from moving. Preferably, the plastic waterproof film can be a high-density polyethylene film, the thickness of the plastic waterproof film is 0.5-0.6 mm, and the plastic waterproof film has mechanical strength, acid and alkali resistance and strong tensile force.
And step 3: and a supporting mechanism is arranged on the plastic waterproof membrane.
Referring to fig. 1, the supporting mechanism includes a shielding plate 3 and a supporting device. The protection plate 3 is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the groove-shaped structure of the planting area 1 and is connected end to form a frame-shaped structure. The supporting device 2 is arranged on the waterproof layer and is arranged in the frame-shaped structure formed by the protection plate 3.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the supporting device may be formed by splicing and fixing a plurality of same supporting members 2. The supporting pieces 2 are evenly and longitudinally staggered and fixed in a frame structure formed by the protection plates 3, the distance of each row/column is 2m, a 15 x 10 matrix structure is formed, and the planting area 1 is divided into a plurality of 2m x 2m unit cells. Preferably, the height of the supporting device is equal to the height of the groove-shaped structure in the planting area 1.
The fixed supporting seat 203 that is provided with in bottom of framework 201, both ends all outstanding in the bottom of framework 201, form stable bearing structure, four angles at both ends are respectively with the steel wire with supporting seat 203 regulation in the bottom of framework 201, also can stabilize the support when mechanical equipment traveles on support piece 2, can not take place to rock.
And 4, step 4: the water supply pipes 5 are fixed on all the horizontal/longitudinal support members 2 in the planting area 1 to form water supply pipelines which are arranged in a staggered mode, and meanwhile, the support members 2 can be further fixed to form a stable network.
Referring to fig. 3, a groove 204 is reserved on the support member 2, and a fixed lock catch is arranged outside the groove 204, so that the water supply pipe 5 only needs to be laid in the groove 204 during installation, and then the lock catch is locked, and the installation is convenient.
The water supply pipe 5 is made of a steel pipe material, on one hand, the water supply pipe is corrosion-resistant, on the other hand, the support piece 2 can be fixed to be integrated, a stable network structure is formed, and the water supply pipe has larger supporting force and provides support for mechanical equipment.
And 5: the ground spring is placed on the waterproof layer and is communicated with the water supply pipe 5, and further, the ground spring is fixed on the protection plate. The quantity of land spring can be according to selecting the acquisition of desert area water source and be difficult to increase and decrease, and preferably, in the matrix region, it is suitable that every lattice point sets up 1 ~ 2.
Referring to fig. 4, a water supply pipe 5 is fixedly arranged at the lower part of the support member 2, a ground spring 4 is arranged on the waterproof layer, a connection pipe 401 is arranged on the ground spring 4 and is connected with the water supply pipe 5, and when the water supply pipe is used for irrigation, the ground spring 4 can also directly obtain water from the water supply pipe 5 and store the water in a water storage space of the ground spring. The ground spring 4 can be fixed to the support 2 at the same time.
Step 6: and (3) pushing the sandy soil obtained in the step (1) back into the planting area, and burying the water supply pipeline, the supporting mechanism, the land spring and the waterproof layer to form the planting area with a smooth surface.
And 7: and a water tank is built on the ground surface and is connected with a water supply pipeline. The water tank is a water and fertilizer integrated water tank, and a filter can be arranged in the water tank and can be used together with biological fertilizer.
And 8, sowing the seeds after the construction of the planting area is completed, and scattering the plant seeds on sand with the depth of 20-30 cm as the best depth. After the sowing is finished, the first time of full manual irrigation is needed to provide sufficient moisture for the seed germination, and preferably, biological fertilizer is added into a water source. Due to the poor water holding capacity of sand, but due to the waterproof layer, water cannot be lost, water can be transferred upwards in all directions, and the surplus water is absorbed by the spring. The moisture on the surface layer is gradually reduced, the moisture of the sand is increased downwards, the ground spring also keeps the moisture balance with the sand, and the moisture in the storage space is gradually released so as to be absorbed by the seeds. And because maintain certain humidity in the sand below always, so do not worry too big seed that has blown away of sand, under the condition that the seed maintained certain humidity, because the lower part of planting the layer has more sufficient moisture and is more suitable vegetation, so the plant can grow the root system at first, and when it broke ground and come out, its root system has deep root, does not fear the wind and blows. Preferably, the plants grown may be crops or commercial crops. The cash crops are Chinese herbal medicines such as liquorice, ephedra and the like, and increase the income of the residents in the desert area. The crops mainly comprise gramineous plants such as wheat or corn. After the crops are mature, the crops can be directly harvested by the harvester.
Example 2
Step 1: selecting a planting area, wherein the area can be selected according to the actual situation, selecting 50m multiplied by 50m as the planting area in the embodiment, removing 80cm sand by using a crawler dozer, and piling the sand beside the planting area for later use. The planting area forms a groove-shaped accommodating space with a depth of 80cm and a square shape.
Step 2: plastic waterproof boards are paved on the bottom and the inner wall of the groove to serve as waterproof layers. Preferably, the plastic waterproof board can be a high-molecular synthetic resin waterproof board, the thickness of the plastic waterproof board is 0.8mm, and the plastic waterproof board has the advantages of good mechanical strength and acid and alkali resistance.
And step 3: a support mechanism is provided. The supporting mechanism is the same as in embodiment 1.
The supporting pieces are transversely and longitudinally uniformly arranged and fixed in a frame formed by the protective plates, the distance between each row/column is 2m, a 25 x 25 matrix structure is formed, and the planting area is divided into a plurality of unit cells.
As a preferred embodiment, the protection plate can protrude out of the ground surface of the planting area to form a windproof layer, and the height of the protection plate can be set to be 1-1.5 m, so that the planting area is blocked, blowing and scraping of wind sand to plants are slowed down, and particularly, the survival rate of the seedlings which are just planted has a certain auxiliary effect.
And 4, step 4: the water supply pipelines are arranged on the supporting pieces, the water supply pipelines are fixed on all the transverse/longitudinal supporting pieces in the planting area, the water supply pipelines which are arranged in a staggered mode are formed, meanwhile, the supporting pieces can be further fixed, and a stable network is formed. The water supply pipeline selects the steel pipe material, and is corrosion-resistant on the one hand, and on the other hand can have bigger holding power, forms stable network structure with support piece, provides the support for mechanical equipment.
This embodiment allows the water supply line to be directly secured to the support member by the fastener. The fastener may be a snap, or a wire.
And 5: the ground spring is placed on the waterproof layer and communicated with the water supply pipe, and further, the ground spring is fixed on the protection plate. The quantity of land spring can be according to selecting the acquisition of desert area water source and be difficult to increase and decrease, and preferably, in the matrix region, it is suitable that every lattice point sets up 1 ~ 2.
Step 6: and (2) mixing the sandy soil obtained in the step (1) with other substances, such as fly ash, sludge, building slag and the like, and also can be organic fertilizer and the like, so as to form mixed sandy soil serving as planting soil. Because the planting soil in the desert area is scarce, the sand can be directly backfilled, and other waste materials which can be used for planting can be provided for the planting area and can also be mixed in the removed sand and added into the planting soil.
And pushing the mixed planting soil back to the planting area, and burying the water supply pipeline, the supporting mechanism, the ground spring and the waterproof layer to form the planting area with a smooth surface.
And 7: and a water tank is built on the ground surface and is connected with a water supply pipeline. The water tank is a water and fertilizer integrated water tank, and a filter can be arranged in the water tank and can be used together with biological fertilizer.
And 8, planting after the planting area is built, digging a 40cm pit in the planting area with an excavator in a boundary of 50cm, planting the seedling of the gramineous plant in the pit, and covering the root of the gramineous plant with sandy soil. And carrying out first-time full artificial irrigation to provide sufficient water to ensure the survival rate of the saplings, wherein the redundant water is absorbed by spring. Preferably, the water source is added with a biological fertilizer. Preferably, the gramineous plants to be planted may be corn or the like. The gramineae plant of this embodiment may also be a sapling, such as haloxylon ammodendron, hippophae rhamnoides, etc.
The plant is at the growth in-process, and the growth matrix that will plant the layer is divided into two-layer about, and the upper strata is the growth layer, and the lower floor is for protecting water the layer, and the ground spring has been buried underground to the inside on water the layer. Because the water-retaining property of the sand is poor, the sand can be sucked and discharged simultaneously under the action of the spring, so that the water source in the spring is continuously supplied to the water-retaining layer (sand layer), the uniform diffusion of water is ensured by the characteristics of more holes, uniform diffusion and never hardening of the sand layer, a uniform water layer is formed under the growth layer, and the plant root system can be stretched to the water-retaining layer rich in water source in order to obtain the water source, thereby promoting the development of the plant root system. When not raining, water is supplied to the sand layer through the ground springs; when raining, sand and biological ball not only can filter the rainwater, can flow the ground spring of flowing backward after filtering moreover and collect and store to make full use of rainwater, the energy saving.
The invention provides two advantages, namely, the method adopts the action mode of the land spring and places the land spring at the bottom end of the plant root system, so that the plant root system can develop downwards, and the survival rate and sand fixation capacity of plants planted in desert are improved. And secondly, a smooth planting layer with supporting force is arranged, so that support can be provided for mechanized planting, labor resources are saved, and the planting method is once and for all.
The above description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the invention, and is not intended to be exhaustive, and various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A desert mechanized planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a planting area, removing sand on the surface layer of the planting area according to the actual requirement of crop planting, and paving a waterproof layer;
(2) arranging a supporting mechanism in the planting area to fix the sand in the planting area and prevent the sand from flowing;
(3) paving a water supply pipe, wherein the water supply pipe is fixed on the supporting mechanism to form a netted water supply pipeline;
(4) a plurality of land springs are arranged on the waterproof layer, the land springs and the water supply pipeline are of a communicating structure, and a conglobate structure capable of keeping sand in the planting area in a bonding effect is formed;
(5) backfilling planting soil, namely burying the supporting mechanism and the water supply pipe in the planting soil to form a planting layer with a flat and accessible ground surface, and providing a foundation for operation for mechanical equipment;
(6) mechanically planting and/or harvesting a crop or a cash crop in a planting area with supporting force.
2. The mechanical desert planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the support mechanism includes a protection plate and a support device, the protection plate is fixed around the planting area to form a frame-shaped structure; the supporting device is buried in the planting area, the planting area is divided into a plurality of unit cells, and the height of the supporting device is equal to that of the planting layer.
3. The method for mechanical desert planting as claimed in claim 2, wherein said protecting plate can protrude from the ground surface of said planting area to form a wind-proof layer.
4. The mechanical desert planting method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the supporting device is formed by splicing and fixing a plurality of supporting member units, the supporting members are uniformly arranged and fixed in the frame-shaped structure formed by the protecting plates in the transverse and longitudinal directions to form a matrix structure, and the planting area is divided into a plurality of 2m x 2m unit cells.
5. The method for mechanical desert planting as claimed in claim 4, wherein the supporting member includes a frame body and a plurality of supporting rods, the frame body is a square frame structure, and the supporting rods are vertically fixed in the frame body.
6. The mechanical desert planting method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the water supply pipes are fixed to all the horizontal/longitudinal supporting members in the planting area to form water supply pipes in staggered arrangement, and the supporting members are fixed together to form a net-shaped integral structure.
7. The mechanical desert planting method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the supporting members are formed with grooves, and the water supply pipes are fixed in the grooves.
8. The mechanical desert planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the crop is gramineous and the commercial crop is licorice, ephedra, etc.
9. The method for mechanical desert planting as claimed in any one of claims 1-8, wherein the ground springs are connected to a water tank provided on the ground surface, thereby achieving uniform irrigation.
10. The method for mechanical desert planting as claimed in claim 9, wherein the water tank is a water and fertilizer integrated water tank, and a filter is provided in the water tank for use in combination with bio-fertilizer.
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