CN111803387B - Sustained-release moisture-retention gel mask matrix and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Sustained-release moisture-retention gel mask matrix and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111803387B CN111803387B CN202010561807.8A CN202010561807A CN111803387B CN 111803387 B CN111803387 B CN 111803387B CN 202010561807 A CN202010561807 A CN 202010561807A CN 111803387 B CN111803387 B CN 111803387B
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
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- 239000012730 sustained-release form Substances 0.000 title description 2
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- LUEWUZLMQUOBSB-FSKGGBMCSA-N (2s,3s,4s,5s,6r)-2-[(2r,3s,4r,5r,6s)-6-[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6s)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2r,4r,5s,6r)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@@H](OC3[C@H](O[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3O)CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O LUEWUZLMQUOBSB-FSKGGBMCSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
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- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 3
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- ZGMLACURZVGTPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-fluoranyl-1h-pyrimidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound OC1=NC=C(F)C(O)=N1.FC1=CNC(=O)NC1=O ZGMLACURZVGTPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- A61K8/8129—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical; Compositions of hydrolysed polymers or esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers, e.g. polyvinylmethylether
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Abstract
The invention discloses a slow-release moisture-retention gel mask matrix, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the aerogel mask matrix comprises 0.5-10% of matrix solution, a water-retaining agent, a coagulant and aerogel powder. The mask matrix provided by the invention has the advantages that the flexibility and transparency of the mask matrix are regulated by selecting specific water-retaining agents and coagulants to realize the functionalization, the slow release of effective functional components is realized by regulating and controlling the addition amount and types of aerogel micro powder, and the obtained aerogel mask matrix can be loaded with different active functional substances, has the functions of heat preservation, moisture preservation and slow and controlled release, is strong in use comfort, is simple in preparation method, is environment-friendly in material source, and is suitable for the fields of cosmetology, medicine, health care and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gel preparation. More particularly relates to a slow-release moisture-retention gel mask matrix and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The mask is a common daily chemical product, is often used as a skin care product and is matched with other skin care components, has the functions of whitening, resisting aging, removing scars and the like, and is one of daily chemical products welcome by modern people. The adhesive type facial mask is developed into a hydrogel and non-woven fabric facial mask from the beginning, and finally is updated into a non-supporting hydrogel facial mask, compared with the common non-woven fabric facial mask, the hydrogel facial mask has many advantages, such as crystal clear surface, good glossiness, good skin-friendly feel, ice-cold feeling, stronger water-retaining and moisturizing capabilities, and common hydrogel facial mask matrix materials mainly comprise collagen, sodium alginate, chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and the like, are natural polymers and artificially synthesized green polymer materials, are harmless to the body, and have no pollution to the environment after being used.
Patent CN201610096094.6 provides a hydrogel mask matrix and a preparation method thereof, and the obtained matrix material is uniform, has good glossiness and beautiful texture; the hydrogel mask has the advantages that the surface viscosity and the mechanical strength are proper, the film forming property and the stretching property are good, the requirements and the peeling integrity are met, but the hydrogel mask has single function, the use temperature is too low in winter, the heat preservation effect is insufficient, the irritation to the face is strong, the slow release performance is poor, and the common hydrogel mask cannot meet the current cosmetic market requirements along with the increasing pursuit of people on the face nursing, especially the mask product functionality and experience sense, so that the multifunctional high-strength mask matrix is needed to be developed, and the functions of heat preservation, moisture preservation and slow release and control of active ingredients are realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a slow-release moisture-retention gel mask matrix, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the mask matrix is functionalized by selecting a specific matrix solution, a specific water-retaining agent and a coagulating agent to adjust the flexibility and transparency of the mask matrix, and the slow release of effective functional components is realized by regulating the addition amount and the types of aerogel micro powder.
The primary object of the present invention is to provide an aerogel mask matrix.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the aerogel mask matrix.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide the use of the aerogel mask matrix described above.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is realized by the following means:
the invention provides an aerogel mask matrix, which comprises the following components:
matrix aqueous solution with mass fraction of 0.5% -10%, water-retaining agent, coagulator and aerogel powder; wherein the matrix is polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate or chitosan; the water-retaining agent is carboxymethyl cellulose or hydroxypropyl cellulose; the coagulating agent is one or more of konjac glucomannan, carrageenan or gelatin; the aerogel powder is SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 Or TiO 2 。
The raw materials adopted by the invention are green natural polymers or artificial synthetic inorganic materials, the environment-friendly and safe performance is realized, the mask matrix has super-strong water retention capacity due to the introduction of the specific water-retaining agent, the mask matrix has super-strong load performance and heat preservation and moisture retention performance due to the introduction of the aerogel particles, meanwhile, the release speed of active ingredients is controlled through the structure and the addition amount of the porous aerogel material, the release speed of the active ingredients can be controlled through the cooperation of the introduction of the specific water-retaining agent, the aerogel mask matrix can reach high skin-friendly feeling and strength, the obtained aerogel mask matrix can be subjected to timely temperature adjustment according to the skin temperature of a human body, in addition, the flexibility and transparency of the mask matrix are adjusted through the addition amount of the water-retaining agent and the coagulant, and the obtained aerogel mask has the sustained and controlled release performance through the functionalization of the aerogel powder regulating wall material. The mask matrix of the invention greatly improves the user experience, widens the functions of the gel mask and has important application value.
The aerogel powder used in the invention is inorganic aerogel SiO 2 ,Al 2 O 3 ,TiO 2 The release of the loaded functional micromolecules can be effectively controlled by controlling the dosage of the aerogel powder, and the prepared mask matrix product has the effects of heat preservation and moisture preservation and can be repeatedly used.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the matrix solution, the water-retaining agent, the coagulating agent and the aerogel powder is 1:0.001 to 0.2:0.001 to 0.2:0.01 to 0.2.
Further preferably, the mass ratio of the matrix solution, the water-retaining agent, the coagulant and the aerogel powder is 1: 0.005-0.1: 0.005-0.1: 0.1 to 0.2.
Further preferably, the mass ratio of the matrix solution, the water-retaining agent, the coagulant and the aerogel powder is 1:0.01 to 0.1:0.01 to 0.1:0.1 to 0.2.
Most preferably, the mass ratio of the matrix solution, the water-retaining agent, the coagulant and the aerogel powder is 1:0.07:0.1:0.2.
preferably, in the coagulant, the glucomannan content of the konjac glucomannan is 40-90%. The higher the content of glucomannan in the coagulant, the higher the viscosity, the higher the gel strength after gel formation, and the smaller or no gel formation, so that the glucomannan is one of the key factors for preparing the hydrogel mask.
Preferably, the carrageenan has a molecular weight of greater than 20 ten thousand.
Preferably, the relative molecular mass of the water-retaining agent is 90000-250000. The larger the relative molecular mass of the water-retaining agent is, the larger the viscosity is, and the longer the molecular chain is, so that the water absorption rate of the water-retaining agent is increased, and the water retention of the gel mask matrix is ensured. At the same time, the viscosity also determines the fluidity and uniformity of the mask stock solution, greatly influences the preparation process, controls the molecular weight of the water-retaining agent within the range, ensures the smooth implementation of the preparation process, and ensures the water absorption and retention properties of the finally obtained hydrogel mask matrix.
More preferably, the relative molecular mass of the water retaining agent is 150000 ~ 250000.
Preferably, the substitution degree of the water-retaining agent is 0.7-1.2. The substitution degree of the water-retaining agent determines the water solubility of the water-retaining agent, and can influence the difficulty of the preparation process of the hydrogel mask matrix.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the aerogel mask matrix, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, adding a water-retaining agent into a matrix aqueous solution, and fully dispersing to prepare a mixed suspension;
s2, sieving the coagulant with a 40-120 mesh sieve, adding the coagulant into the mixed suspension in the step S1, and fully dispersing to prepare a mixed solution;
s3, sieving the aerogel powder with a 40-120 mesh sieve, adding the aerogel powder into the mixed solution obtained in the step S2, uniformly mixing, heating, and cooling to form a film, thereby obtaining the aerogel mask matrix.
The aerogel mask matrix is prepared by adopting a method of heating, dissolving, mixing and then cooling and forming, taking different biological base materials as matrix raw materials, adding a water-retaining agent and a coagulating agent, controlling the granularity of the coagulating agent to ensure that the coagulating agent has optimal water solubility, facilitating the preparation process of the hydrogel mask matrix, fully and uniformly mixing, adding aerogel powder, heating to a certain temperature by microwave assistance, and then cooling to form a film, wherein the surface of the obtained aerogel mask matrix is crystal clear, has good glossiness, and has super-strong water-retaining capacity and heat preservation and slow-release performance. Compared with the existing common hydrogel mask, the preparation method is quick and simple, does not adopt a repeated freezing and thawing method, and adopts once heating, dissolving, cooling and forming to prepare the hydrogel mask.
Preferably, the specific preparation method of the above matrix aqueous solution may be: adding the substrate raw material into deionized water, fully dispersing and dissolving in a high-speed dispersing machine at room temperature to prepare transparent solution.
Preferably, the heating in the step S3 is performed at 85-100 ℃ for 5-15 min.
Most preferably, the heating in step S3 is at 95 ℃ for 10min.
Preferably, the cooling in the step S3 is carried out at 15-30 ℃ for 2-10 min.
Most preferably, the cooling in step S3 is at 25 ℃ for 2min.
The invention also claims the application of the aerogel mask matrix in preparing a patch mask or a skin application product.
The skin patch product can be wound repair and skin care product, such as eye patch, T-film, etc.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the preparation process is simple and convenient, the prepared raw materials are environment-friendly green materials, the mechanical property, the water retention property and the controlled slow release property of the mask matrix are regulated and controlled by controlling the types and the addition amount of the water retaining agent, the coagulant and the aerogel, the wet film strength of the obtained aerogel mask matrix is large (more than or equal to 0.2 MPa), the water absorption rate of the dry film is more than or equal to 20 times, the super-strong load capacity, the heat preservation and the moisture retention property are realized, the functional substances are easy to load, and the characteristics of slow release functional substances are realized, so that the aerogel mask matrix can be widely applied to the fields of cosmetology, medicine, health care and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation of an aerogel mask.
FIG. 2 is a graph of aerogel mask product display and use.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated in the following drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the reagents, methods and apparatus employed in the present invention are those conventional in the art.
Reagents and materials used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Examples 1-11 preparation of aerogel mask matrix
1. Material
Taking 100g of aerogel mask matrix raw materials, wherein the component amounts of each aerogel mask matrix are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1
In the above table, the degree of substitution of the water retention agent in examples 1 to 3 was 0.7; the degree of substitution of the water retention agent in examples 4 to 6 was 1; the degree of substitution of the water retention agent in examples 7 to 9 was 1.1; the degree of substitution of the water retention agent in examples 10 to 11 was 1.2.
The relative molecular mass of the water retention agent in examples 1-3 is less than 90000; the relative molecular mass of the water retention agent in examples 4 to 6 is 90000 to 150000; the relative molecular mass of the water retention agent in examples 7-9 was 150000 ~ 200000; the relative molecular mass of the water retention agent in examples 10 to 11 was 200000 ~ 250000.
The coagulant konjac glucomannan content of examples 1 and 3 was 40%; the glucomannan content of the konjac glucomannan of examples 5 to 9 was 60%; the coagulant of example 11, konjac glucomannan, was 90%.
The preparation of matrix aqueous solution is to add matrix raw material into deionized water, fully disperse and dissolve in high-speed dispersing machine at room temperature, and make transparent solution. The mass fraction of the polyvinyl alcohol solution is 0.5%; the mass fraction of the sodium alginate solution is 5%; the mass fraction of the chitosan solution is 10%.
The molecular weight of carrageenan used in the above examples was greater than 20 ten thousand.
2. The preparation method flow of the gel mask matrix is shown in figure 1
S1, adding a water-retaining agent into a matrix aqueous solution, and fully dispersing to prepare a mixed suspension;
s2, sieving the coagulant through a 120-mesh sieve for standby, adding the coagulant into the mixed suspension in the step S1, and fully dispersing to prepare a mixed solution;
s3, sieving the aerogel powder with a 120-mesh sieve for standby, adding the aerogel powder into the mixed solution obtained in the step S2, uniformly mixing, heating to 95 ℃, preserving heat for 10min, cooling at 25 ℃ for 2min, and forming a film to obtain the aerogel mask matrix.
Example 12 characterization of aerogel mask matrix properties
1. Experimental method
(1) Water absorbing and retaining properties:
the water retention performance comprises water retention time and water absorption rate, wherein the water retention time is the time when the weight loss rate of the test mask exceeds 5 percent at normal temperature, and the water absorption rate calculation method comprises the following steps: and (3) placing the mask sample into an oven at 80 ℃ for drying overnight for standby, precisely weighing 0.2g of dry mask, placing into a beaker containing deionized water, taking out after soaking for 1 hour, naturally hanging for 30 minutes, precisely weighing by a ten-thousandth balance, calculating the water absorption rate and the side reaction water retention performance by using the weight of the mask before and after water absorption, and calculating according to the following formula.
Q=(G 2 -G 1 )/G 1
Wherein: q is the water absorption rate; g 2 The quality of the mask after water absorption is that of the mask; g 1 The quality of the facial mask before water absorption.
(2) And (3) slow release performance test:
the medicine slow release performance of the mask adopts a simulation method, 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fluorouracil) is used as a target slow release medicine, 8mg/mL of 5-Fluorouracil is added in the preparation process of the mask, and then the surface of the prepared mask is washed to remove more medicine. 1g of a wet mask containing a drug is weighed, added into 10ml of Phosphate Buffer Solution (PBS) with pH of 7.2, oscillated for 2 hours at room temperature, the absorption value of the solution is tested at the wavelength of 271nm by an ultraviolet spectrophotometer, and the concentration of 5-fluorouracil is calculated by using a standard curve, so that the slow release performance of the mask on the drug is deduced.
(3) And (3) testing heat preservation effect:
the heat preservation effect test method is divided into direct test and indirect test, wherein the direct test method is to directly paste the facial mask on the skin, and the heat preservation performance of the sensory facial mask after being pasted is regarded as excellent, good and bad; the indirect testing method is that the mask is wrapped on the surface of a glass bottle with the temperature of 37 ℃, and the temperature of water in the glass bottle is tested by a temperature measuring gun at a time dropping speed, so that the side surface reflects the heat preservation performance, and the grade is excellent, good and poor.
(4) Wet film strength test:
cutting the prepared wet mask into dumbbell shapes by using a cutter, and testing the tensile strength of a mask sample by using an electronic stretching device, thereby obtaining the numerical value of the wet mask strength, wherein the unit is MPa.
2. Experimental results
The results of the performance test for each sample are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
The slow release performance test results are: the ultraviolet spectrophotometer tests the absorption value of the solution at the wavelength of 271nm and calculates the corresponding concentration, and the slow release performance ranking of the slow release test result of the substrate of the test mask to the 5-fluorouracil is as follows: example 8 > 9 > 10 > 7 > 5 > 3 > 11 > 6 > 2 > 4 > 1. Thus, the best mask base component addition ratio was combined with water absorption and retention properties, heat retention properties, wet film strength, and slow release properties, example 8, followed by examples 7, 9, and 10, and then examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 11.
Example 13 high strength aerogel mask with extended Release moisture
1. The aerogel mask matrix material was taken in a total amount of 100g, and the components of each aerogel mask matrix were the same as in example 8.
2. Adding a matrix material into water to prepare a matrix aqueous solution, adding a water-retaining agent into the matrix solution, and fully dispersing to prepare a mixed suspension; sieving the coagulant with a 120-mesh sieve, adding the coagulant into the mixed suspension liquid obtained in the step, and fully dispersing to prepare a mixed solution; the aerogel powder is sieved by a 120-mesh sieve, essence accounting for 0.1% -5% of the mass of the mask matrix raw material is dropwise added into the aerogel powder, a glass rod is stirred to uniformly mix the essence, then the aerogel powder containing the essence is added into the mixed solution, the mixture is heated to 95 ℃ and kept at the temperature for 10min after uniform mixing, and the mixture is cooled at room temperature for 2min to form a film, so that the aerogel mask of the adsorbed essence is obtained, and the obtained aerogel mask product is shown in figure 2.
2. Trial population
40 deep facial mask users are recruited as professional judgment groups to intensively, professionally and carefully experience each trial product and give objective comments.
Subject age group distribution this time: the proportion of 20 to 25 years old is 25 percent; 25-30 years old accounting for 20 percent; 30-40 years old accounting for 40%; 15% of > 40 years old.
3. Trial results
(1) 85% of testers consider that the facial mask has good water retention effect, strong smoothness, high comfort and no skin pricking sensation when being applied, and is suitable for sensitive skin when being used in winter, and the facial temperature is kept at about 37 ℃.
(2) Compared with the common high-price brand hydrogel mask: 70% of the testers consider that the aerogel mask provided by the invention has little or even better experience compared with brand products with high price (a snail hydrogel mask, a Korean water photo mask and a French round essence mask).
Comparative examples 1 to 5
1. Experimental materials
Taking 100g of aerogel mask matrix raw materials, wherein the components of each aerogel mask matrix are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 Table 3
Wherein the degree of substitution of the water retention agent in comparative examples 1 to 2 is 0.6; the degree of substitution of the water retention agent in comparative examples 3 to 5 was 1.3.
The glucomannan content of the konjac glucomannan in comparative examples 1 to 2 is 30%; the glucomannan content of the konjac glucomannan in comparative examples 3 to 5 was 95%.
The relative molecular mass of the hydroxypropyl cellulose in comparative examples 1 to 2 was 80000; the relative molecular mass of the hydroxypropyl cellulose in comparative examples 3 to 5 was 260000.
The preparation of matrix solution is to add the matrix raw material into deionized water, fully disperse and dissolve the matrix raw material on a high-speed dispersing machine at room temperature to prepare transparent solution. The mass fraction of the prepared corn starch solution is 1%; the mass fraction of the chitosan solution is 1%.
2. The aerogel mask matrix was prepared in the same manner as in examples 1 to 11.
3. Performance testing
The test methods were the same as in examples 1 to 11, and the specific test results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 Table 4
The slow release performance test results are: the comparative examples 1 to 5 have a poor result of the slow release test of 5-fluorouracil compared with examples 1 to 11 because the wet film strength and the water retention time are relatively poor and the film loading capacity is relatively poor in the comparative examples, so that the amount of 5-fluorouracil slowly released into the buffer solution is small and most of 5-fluorouracil has been washed away, resulting in a deviation in the slow release effect.
Comparative example 6
1. Experimental materials
The aerogel mask matrix material was taken in a total amount of 100g, and the components of each aerogel mask matrix were the same as in example 8.
2. Preparation method
S1, adding a matrix material, a water-retaining agent and a coagulant into water to prepare a mixed solution;
s2, adding aerogel powder into the mixed suspension in the step S1 to prepare a mixed solution;
s3, heating to 95 ℃, rapidly pouring into a mold, and cooling to form a film, thus obtaining the aerogel mask matrix.
3. Experimental results
The aerogel mask matrix prepared by the method is insufficient in matrix material dissolution solution, insoluble particles, particularly PVA and water-retaining agent, are easy to form wrapping particles, so that the mask is opaque, meanwhile, aerogel powder is not subjected to a screening step, so that the touch feeling of the mask is influenced due to overlarge particles, the wet film strength, the aerogel powder falling and other phenomena are caused, and the method can reduce the water retention performance of the product.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. An aerogel mask matrix, which is characterized by comprising the following components: matrix aqueous solution with mass fraction of 0.5-10%, water-retaining agent, coagulator and aerogel powder;
wherein the matrix is polyvinyl alcohol; the water-retaining agent is hydroxypropyl cellulose; the coagulant is konjac glucomannan; the aerogel powder is SiO 2 Or Al 2 O 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The mass ratio of the matrix aqueous solution to the water-retaining agent to the coagulant to the aerogel powder is 1:0.01 to 0.1:0.01 to 0.1:0.1 to 0.2; the glucomannan content of the konjak gum is 60%; the relative molecular mass of the water-retaining agent is 150000 ~ 200000; the substitution degree of the water-retaining agent is 1.1;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, adding a water-retaining agent into a matrix solution, and fully dispersing to prepare a mixed suspension;
s2, sieving the coagulant with a 40-120 mesh sieve, adding the coagulant into the mixed suspension in the step S1, and fully dispersing to prepare a mixed solution;
s3, sieving the aerogel powder with a 40-120 mesh sieve, adding the aerogel powder into the mixed solution obtained in the step S2, uniformly mixing, heating, and cooling to form a film to obtain the aerogel mask matrix;
the heating in the step S3 is carried out at the temperature of 85-100 ℃ for 5-15 min; the cooling is carried out for 2-10 min at 15-30 ℃.
2. Use of the aerogel mask matrix of claim 1 in the preparation of a decal.
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| CN102940583A (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2013-02-27 | 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 | Thermosensitive hydrogel capable of being used as nutrition mask and preparation method of thermosensitive hydrogel |
| CN110237027A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-09-17 | 苏州卓纳纳米技术有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of the hydrogel for hydrophobic drug carrier |
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| CN102940583A (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2013-02-27 | 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 | Thermosensitive hydrogel capable of being used as nutrition mask and preparation method of thermosensitive hydrogel |
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