CN111484045A - Multistage remelting purification method for fused magnesia - Google Patents
Multistage remelting purification method for fused magnesia Download PDFInfo
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- CN111484045A CN111484045A CN202010325929.7A CN202010325929A CN111484045A CN 111484045 A CN111484045 A CN 111484045A CN 202010325929 A CN202010325929 A CN 202010325929A CN 111484045 A CN111484045 A CN 111484045A
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- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DHRRIBDTHFBPNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dichloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] DHRRIBDTHFBPNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F5/00—Compounds of magnesium
- C01F5/02—Magnesia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2/00—Lime, magnesia or dolomite
- C04B2/10—Preheating, burning calcining or cooling
- C04B2/102—Preheating, burning calcining or cooling of magnesia, e.g. dead burning
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2/00—Lime, magnesia or dolomite
- C04B2/10—Preheating, burning calcining or cooling
- C04B2/104—Ingredients added before or during the burning process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/80—Compositional purity
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fused magnesia smelting, in particular to a multi-stage remelting purification method of fused magnesia, which is characterized in that three materials of magnesite, light-burned magnesia and heavy-burned magnesia are laid in an electric arc furnace from bottom to top according to the content of MgO, an electrode is positioned at the bottom of the electric arc furnace, a total material layer is divided into 3-6 smelting layers, and the smelting period of one smelting layer is set to be 3-10 minutes. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: 1) the electrode is fed from the bottom of the electric arc furnace, the electrode continuously extends upwards along with the smelting, the energy consumption is reduced by 22 percent by virtue of the trend of upward diffusion of heat, and high-purity fused magnesia with the purity of more than 99.90 percent can be obtained after smelting. 2) Besides preparing the fused magnesia, the electric arc furnace structure and the preparation method are also suitable for other ore materials with high resistivity, and have wide applicability and popularization value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fused magnesia smelting, in particular to a multistage remelting purification method for fused magnesia.
Background
An electric arc furnace is an electric furnace for smelting metal by utilizing electric arc energy, and the electric arc furnace in industry is divided into three types: the first type is direct heating type, the electric arc is generated between a special electrode bar and a smelted furnace charge, and the direct heating type electric arc furnace is mainly used for steel making, iron, copper, refractory materials, refined molten steel and the like. The second type is an indirect heating type, in which an electric arc is generated between two special electrode rods, and a charging material is subjected to radiant heat of the electric arc and used for melting copper or copper alloy. The third kind is also called ore furnace, which uses high resistivity ore as raw material, and the electrode is buried in the furnace charge from top to bottom in the working process, and the ore furnace charge can be heated by electric arc.
The Chinese patent with the patent application number of 201910286077.2 discloses a preparation method of low-silicon high-calcium macrocrystalline fused magnesia, which comprises two steps of preparation of high-activity MgO and smelting in an electric arc furnace, namely, in the process of preparing high-activity magnesia powder, 3-8% of sodium carbonate solution is added, then high-purity graphite powder is added into the prepared high-activity magnesia powder as a reducing agent, the high-purity graphite powder is pelletized through equipment, the pelletized product is smelted in a full-automatic electric arc furnace, and the product is finally crushed and selected through cooling crystallization. Sodium carbonate reacts with impurity silicon dioxide to generate sodium silicate and carbon dioxide, so that silicon dioxide impurities in magnesite can be effectively removed, and the content of magnesium oxide is improved.
Chinese patent application No. 201910233241.3 discloses a process for preparing high-purity transparent crystal fused magnesia, which comprises using bischofite in salt lake as raw material, producing magnesium hydroxide precipitate from magnesium chloride by ammonia-lime method, separating magnesium hydroxide from the solution, and lightly burning with high-purity magnesium hydroxide to obtain lightly-burned magnesium oxide. And then smelting the light-burned magnesium oxide pressed balls serving as a raw material in a 5000KVA electric arc furnace by adopting a high-voltage and high-current operation method. Refining operation is carried out in the later stage of smelting, the temperature of the molten liquid is increased, and after the smelting is finished, the molten lump is slowly cooled to obtain the transparent crystal electric fused magnesium melting block.
The smelting process of the electric arc furnace adopts a conventional submerged arc furnace structure, the electrodes enter the electric arc furnace from top to bottom, and a large amount of heat escapes due to the upward running trend of the heat, so that the heat cannot be utilized in time, and the energy consumption in the preparation process is very high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multistage remelting purification method of fused magnesia, which overcomes the defects of the prior art, an electrode is fed from the bottom of an electric arc furnace, the electrode continuously extends upwards along with the smelting, because the heat has the tendency of upwards diffusion, when the electrode is used for smelting bottom furnace burden, the generated heat participates in the smelting reaction of the bottom furnace burden on one hand, and upwards preheats upper furnace burden and generates partial smelting reaction on the other hand, when the bottom furnace burden is smelted, the electrode moves upwards to start the smelting process of the upper layer of furnace burden, and due to the preheating function, the efficiency is improved and the multistage remelting purification effect can be achieved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a multi-stage remelting purification method of fused magnesite is characterized in that three materials of magnesite, light burned magnesium and heavy burned magnesite are paved in an electric arc furnace from bottom to top according to the content of MgO, the weight ratio of the magnesite to the light burned magnesium to the heavy burned magnesite is 1:1.2:1.5, the thickness of the total material layer is not higher than 3 m, a three-phase electrode is adopted in the electric arc furnace, and the electrode is positioned at the bottom of the electric arc furnace and driven by a hydraulic lifting mechanism; the process parameters of the electric arc furnace are as follows: the secondary working voltage is 50-60V, the secondary working current is 3000-5500 amperes, the electrode is a graphitized electrode with the diameter of 350mm, the center distance of the three-phase electrode is 550mm, the total material layer is divided into 3-6 smelting layers by taking 500-900 mm as one layer, and the smelting period of one smelting layer is set to be 3-10 minutes.
The electrode top is equipped with and keeps off the stock column, keep off the stock column and be carbon element product, its diameter is greater than the electrode diameter, keeps off the distance between stock column lower extreme and the electrode upper end and is no less than 300mm, keeps off the upper end of stock column and is connected with the piston end of a perpendicular pneumatic cylinder that sets up, keeps off the stock column and goes up and down with the same speed syntropy with the electrode.
The MgO content in the magnesite is more than 47 percent.
The content of MgO in the light-burned magnesium is 75-80%.
The content of MgO in the dead burnt magnesia is 90-92%.
The magnesite is mixed with sodium carbonate before entering the furnace, and the adding proportion of the sodium carbonate is 3-8% of the weight of the magnesite.
4-10% of graphite is mixed in the magnesite, the light-burned magnesia and the heavy-burned magnesia.
The electrode can return to the bottom for repeated operation for 2-3 times after the electrode finishes the whole smelting period from bottom to top.
Because the magnesite contains silicon, iron and other impurities, the impurities can be volatilized and transferred in the smelting process, and the purification effect is achieved. The magnesite, the light-burned magnesium and the heavy-burned magnesite are spread and discharged from bottom to top in the electric arc furnace according to the content of MgO, the materials are heated by a bottom electrode, heat and impurity reactants, such as sodium silicate, sodium ferrite and other volatile substances, and carbon dioxide gas move upwards along with the heat, and graphite is favorable for forming a reducing atmosphere in the furnace and improving the reaction efficiency. Compared with the intermittent production magnesite smelting process, the reaction time of materials such as fused magnesite, magnesite and the like, sodium carbonate and graphite is relatively prolonged, so that the reaction is more sufficient, the impurities gradually move upwards more thoroughly, and the purification effect is favorably improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: 1) the electrode is fed from the bottom of the electric arc furnace, the electrode continuously extends upwards along with the smelting, and by means of the upward diffusion trend of heat, when the bottom furnace burden is smelted by the electrode, the generated heat participates in the smelting reaction of the bottom furnace burden on one hand, and on the other hand, the upper furnace burden is preheated upwards and partial smelting reaction occurs, when the bottom furnace burden is smelted, the electrode moves upwards, the smelting process of the upper layer of furnace burden is started, due to the preheating effect, the smelting efficiency is improved by 25%, the energy consumption is reduced by 22%, and high-purity fused magnesia with the purity of more than 99.90% and the ratio of magnesium to silicon of more than 23 can be obtained. 2) Besides preparing the fused magnesia, the electric arc furnace structure and the preparation method are also suitable for other ore materials with high resistivity, and have wide applicability and popularization value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an arc furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-furnace shell, 2-base, 3-upper cover, 4-discharge hole, 5-hydraulic lifting mechanism, 6-hydraulic cylinder, 7-electrode, 8-material blocking column, 9-feed hole and 10-discharge machine.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
See fig. 1, which is a schematic structural view of an electric arc furnace used in an embodiment of the method for purifying fused magnesite by multistage remelting, comprising a furnace shell 1 with heat preservation, a base 2 and an upper cover 3, wherein a discharge hole 4 is arranged at the lower part of the furnace shell 1, a hydraulic lifting mechanism 5 is arranged below the base 2, three electrodes 7 are vertically arranged on the hydraulic lifting mechanism 5, a hydraulic cylinder 6 is arranged in the upper cover 3, the lower end of a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 6 is connected with three carbon material blocking columns 8, the material blocking columns 8 vertically correspond to the electrodes 7, each material blocking column 8 is a carbon product, the diameter of each material blocking column is larger than the diameter of each electrode, the distance between the lower end of each material blocking column 8 and the upper end of each electrode 7 is not less than 300mm, the upper end of each material blocking column 8 is connected with the piston end of one vertically arranged hydraulic cylinder 6, when the material blocking columns 8 and the electrodes 7 move upwards at the same speed in the same direction, the, the electrode is damaged when moving upwards, the upper cover 3 is provided with a feed port 9, and materials are added from the feed port 9. 3~4 discharge gates 4 are evenly set up in stove outer covering bottom circumference, are equipped with out the material machine 10 outside discharge gate 4, unload the electric smelting magnesite after purifying from the stove outer covering bottom. The discharging machine 10 is of a specification commonly used by shaft kilns in the refractory industry.
Examples
The three materials of magnesite, light-burned magnesium and heavy-burned magnesia are paved in an electric arc furnace from bottom to top according to the content of MgO, the weight ratio of the magnesite to the light-burned magnesium to the heavy-burned magnesia is 1:1.2:1.5, and the total material layer is 2.7 m thick. The process parameters of the electric arc furnace are as follows: the secondary working voltage is 50-60V, the secondary working current is 3000-5500 amperes, the electrode is a graphitized electrode with the diameter of 350mm, the center distance of the three-phase electrode is 550mm, the three-phase electrode is adopted in the electric arc furnace and is positioned at the bottom of the furnace shell of the electric arc furnace, the hydraulic lifting mechanism is controlled to divide the total material layer into 3 smelting layers by taking 900mm as one layer, and the smelting period of one smelting layer is set to be 6 minutes. When the electrode finishes the whole smelting period from bottom to top, the operation can be repeated for 2-3 times according to the sampling condition, and the material blocking column 8 does not participate in the repeated operation because the material is soft enough at the moment. When the MgO content in the purified fused magnesia reaches over 99.90 percent, the electrode falls down and the discharging machine discharges the magnesia.
In the examples, the MgO content in magnesite was more than 47%. The magnesite is mixed with sodium carbonate before entering the furnace, and the adding proportion of the sodium carbonate is 4 percent of the weight of the magnesite. 5% of graphite is mixed in magnesite, light-burned magnesia and heavy-burned magnesia. The content of MgO in the light-burned magnesium is 75-80%. The content of MgO in the dead burned magnesite is 90-92%.
The foregoing is directed to preferred embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A multi-stage remelting purification method of fused magnesite is characterized in that three materials of magnesite, light burned magnesium and heavy burned magnesite are paved in an electric arc furnace from bottom to top according to the content of MgO, the weight ratio of the magnesite to the light burned magnesium to the heavy burned magnesite is 1:1.2:1.5, the thickness of the total material layer is not higher than 3 m, a three-phase electrode is adopted in the electric arc furnace, and the electrode is positioned at the bottom of the electric arc furnace and driven by a hydraulic lifting mechanism; the process parameters of the electric arc furnace are as follows: the secondary working voltage is 50-60V, the secondary working current is 3000-5500 amperes, the electrode is a graphitized electrode with the diameter of 350mm, the center distance of the three-phase electrode is 550mm, the total material layer is divided into 3-6 smelting layers by taking 500-900 mm as one layer, and the smelting period of one smelting layer is set to be 3-10 minutes.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a material blocking column is arranged above the electrode, the material blocking column is made of carbon, the diameter of the material blocking column is larger than that of the electrode, the distance between the lower end of the material blocking column and the upper end of the electrode is not less than 300mm, the upper end of the material blocking column is connected with the piston end of a vertically arranged hydraulic cylinder, and the material blocking column and the electrode ascend and descend in the same direction at the same speed.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the magnesite clinker has a MgO content greater than 47%.
4. The method for multi-stage remelting purification of fused magnesite according to claim 1, wherein the content of MgO in the lightly calcined magnesia is 75-80%.
5. The method for multi-stage remelting purification of fused magnesite according to claim 1, wherein the content of MgO in the dead-burned magnesite is 90-92%.
6. The method for multi-stage remelting and purifying fused magnesite according to claim 1, wherein the magnesite is mixed with sodium carbonate powder before being charged into the furnace, and the adding proportion of sodium carbonate is 3-8% of the weight of the magnesite.
7. The method for multi-stage remelting and purifying fused magnesite according to claim 1, wherein 4-10% graphite is mixed in magnesite, light burned magnesite and heavy burned magnesite.
8. The method for multi-stage remelting and purifying fused magnesite according to claim 1, wherein the electrode is returned to the bottom for 2-3 times after the electrode completes the whole smelting period from bottom to top.
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2020
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