CN101538634A

CN101538634A - Smelting process and device of pure iron

Info

Publication number: CN101538634A
Application number: CN200910028262A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 丁刚; 丁家伟
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2009-02-05
Filing date: 2009-02-05
Publication date: 2009-09-23

Abstract

The invention relates to a smelting process and a device of pure iron, belonging to metallurgical industry steel-making raw material. The process comprises the following steps: mixing iron-containing raw materials with reducing agent, solvent and catalyst to prepare ultra fine powder, mixing to make pelletizing materials, sending the prepared pelletizing materials into a reducing furnace, obtaining metallic pellets after the reduction reaction, and directly adding the reduced pellets into a lining electroslag furnace for being smelted into pure iron. The device comprises an internal-external heating vertical reducing furnace, a lining electroslag furnace and a residual heat recovery system. The invention has the advantages that: firstly, the reduction temperature is low, the speed is high, the energy consumption is reduced, the production cost is lowered, the production efficiency is high, and the uniformity of the quality is good; secondly, the degree of mechanization is high, the procedure is simple, the yield is large, the mass production can be performed; thirdly, the waste of raw materials is reduced, the environment pollution is lowered; fourthly, the source of raw materials adopting iron ore concentrate powder and iron-containing metallurgical waste, the cost is low; fifthly, the waste resource can be recycled so as to save the resource consumption; and sixthly, the high-temperature pellets are directly smelted by adopting the lining electroslag furnace, the heat efficiency is high, the energy consumption is low, the material purity is high and the quality is good, and the device is simple with less investment.

Description

The smelting technology of pure iron and equipment

Technical field

The present invention relates to the smelting process of ferrous metal, be specifically related to the smelting technology and the equipment of pure iron.

Background technology

Pure iron be meant in the iron carbon content≤0.025% once, and other harmful element and the content of oxide inclusion and low a kind of iron such as the manganese in the iron, silicon, sulphur, phosphorus.Pure iron not only has certain intensity, also have high toughness and very high soft magnetic performance, and its conduction and corrosion-resistant time performance are also than good many of common iron and steel, thereby be the basic raw material of electrical alloy and some high-grade alloy steels, be mainly used in and produce the raw material that electrotechnical steel, electromagnetic core, neodymium-iron-boron magnetic material, Electrical Steel Sheet, superalloy and Ultralow Carbon Stainless Steel etc. require the extremely low metallurgic product of the inclusion content of carbon content, steel.

For constantly satisfying the needs of modern industrial technology and development in science and technology, people need a large amount of high-test metal materials constantly developing special steel and the special alloy that makes new advances and make above-mentioned materials.In view of the important application of doing pure iron and possible potential using value, pure iron particularly preparation and the research of ultra pure iron becomes a focus in the research of current pure metal, be subjected to the great attention of countries such as Japan, France, Germany, the U.S., worldwide do not stinting with high cost from looking the research of high purity iron.Research and develop out the technology and the relevant device of multiple preparation pure iron at present both at home and abroad, the technology that wherein adopts electrolytic process to produce high purity iron is developed in Japan, it is to do anode with iron, suitable molten iron solution as electrolytic solution, just can obtain quite pure iron on the anode, this iron is called electrolytic iron.But electrolytic iron cost height costs an arm and a leg, and has limited its application.For reducing the cost of pure iron; the research and development of low-cost preparation pure iron technology have been carried out in recent decades both at home and abroad; as electric furnace or converter smelting pure iron technology; but because pure iron requires impurity contents such as carbon, sulphur, phosphorus low; therefore smelt difficulty greater than general steel-making; and be to carry out under unprotect slag condition in the smelting process, remove the limited in one's ability of above-mentioned harmful element, the pure iron difficult quality of being smelted meets the demands.In recent years, development along with vacuum metallurgy and furnace outer refining technology, for the production of pure iron provides new technology and equipment, it is the technology of raw material raw materials for metallurgy pure iron that Chinese patent application discloses with the steel scrap numbers No. 200720023829.3, this technology is fused into earlier mother liquor with scrap iron in intermediate frequency furnace, pour slag charge and reductors such as adding corresponding lime, fluorite, aluminium block, silico-calcium piece in the VOD vacuum refining furnace again then into, after vacuumizing, carry out Argon stirring desulphurization refining again after the BOTTOM OXYGEN decarburization; Make the production of technically pure iron also progressively adopt three technologies of electric arc furnace+vacuum induction furnace+VOD vacuum refinement to produce.Though the pure iron quality that this technology is smelted is good, facility investment is big, smelting technology flow process complexity, and technical difficulty is big, subsidiary material are many, the production cost height, to the specification of quality height of raw scrap material, environmental pollution is serious.The smelting process that Chinese patent application discloses pure iron number No. 01108775.7, this method is a raw material with the mixture or the converter steelmaking flue dust of converter steelmaking flue dust and steel scrap, at first above-mentioned raw materials is added in the induction furnace, be warming up to material and add slag making materials NaHCO when beginning to melt ₃, CaO or CaO, MgO, all melt and slag tap to material; Carrying out following steps successively, 1. add above-mentioned raw materials more then, add above-mentioned slag making materials when 2. material begins to melt, all melt and slag tap to material, 3. carry out impurity composition and content analysis, above-mentioned 1. 2. 3. step cycle carry out at least once; After reaching the pure iron standard, molten iron is injected ladle, add the reductor aluminium deoxidation, cast gets pure iron after solidifying.Though this method is simple than No. 200720023829.3 technologies of number of patent application; with low cost; but this method still exists the requirement height to raw material; and be under unprotect slag condition, to carry out in the smelting process; owing to do not have refining process in the existing smelting of intermediate frequency furnace itself, make it remove the limited in one's ability of harmful elements such as sulphur, phosphorus simultaneously, defectives such as the easy oxidation in surface; the pure iron quality stability of being smelted is poor, is difficult to meet the demands.

Sponge iron is below the melting temperature of iron, adopts non-blast furnace technology, and by reduction solid oxide iron powder (normally rhombohedral iron ore) or other oxides-containing irons, the metallized product through reduction or deoxidation acquisition is called direct-reduced iron (DRI) usually.In the reduction of iron ore process, because oxygen loss forms a large amount of holes in inside, kept the profile of iron ore and the gangue in the ore, its weight ratio iron ore reduces 30%, and proportion is about 4.4g/cm ³Because the raw material of sponge iron mainly is to adopt fine iron breeze, do not contain other alloying element, production cost is low, is the substitute of the steel scrap and the pig iron, be characterized in carbon content lower (＜2%), full iron is more than 90%, and not only phosphorus, sulphur content are low, compare not impurity such as cupric, zinc with steel scrap, ingredient stability, be comparatively ideal furnace charge of Electric furnace steel making,, be particularly conducive to electrosmelting high-quality special steel for steel-making replenishes with a kind of of steel scrap.

Because the above-mentioned characteristic that sponge iron had, carried out both at home and abroad in recent years and adopted sponge iron to do the research of raw material smelting ferroferrite, technology with smelting ferroferrite with sponge iron is disclosed numbers No. 200810005027.4 as Chinese patent application, this technology is raw material with the sponge iron, oxidation sludge is made in employing and the two slag technologies of reducing slag are smelted, the material of oxidation sludge slag making is iron scale and lime or fine iron breeze and lime or oxygen and lime, the material of reducing slag slag making is aluminium powder and lime or aluminium block and lime, the oxidation slag charge that at first will to account for total oxidation quantity of slag during smelting be 5-10% is put into medium-frequency induction furnace, add then that to account for the sponge iron total amount be that the sponge iron of 20-50% is smelted, after sponge iron dissolves, along with the rising of temperature, progressively add remaining sponge iron and remaining oxidation sludge; When sponge iron and oxidation slag charge all add, continue melting and remove oxidation sludge after 20-30 minute, progressively add the reducing slag material and make reducing slag, the rising bath temperature reaches 1550 ℃-1680 ℃ of teeming temperatures, casting.This technology is owing to do raw material with sponge iron, and it is extremely low to make institute smelt the relict element and the impurity content of the pure iron of making, and chemical ingredients can reach national pure iron standard, and has facility investment advantage such as less.But this technology be owing to will prepare the secondary slag respectively in smelting, and the centre also needs to change slag, thereby production process is many, and power consumption is big, and exists the defectives such as secondary oxidation of molten metal in changing the slag process.This technology and above-mentioned 01108775.7 number of patent application all use intermediate frequency furnace to smelt, and existing slag in smelting process, can not heat by intermediate frequency furnace because of induction, can only lean on the molten steel heating, therefore slag temperature is low, be unfavorable for the reaction of slag, non-oxidation phase and reduction period in the smelting, no refining process, make it remove the limited in one's ability of harmful elements such as sulphur, phosphorus, make the pure iron gas content height of being smelted, the content of impurity thing content height, especially oxide inclusion can't be guaranteed the quality of the pure iron of being smelted.And preparation pure iron used sponge iron is to be lowered to stove in cold conditions to smelt, and causes secondary energy consumption, increased production process and cost.

At present both at home and abroad the technology of preparation sponge iron mainly contains two kinds of gas base reduction method and coal base reduction methods.

Gas base method generally adopts Sweet natural gas to reduce, and Sweet natural gas is with CH ₄Deng hydrocarbons is main, when reduction, needs Sweet natural gas is changed into CO and H by cracking ₂Be main reducing atmosphere, finish that iron ore or ore agglomerates's reduction is generated reduced iron.This gas base method has the reduction rate piece, advantages such as good product quality, but gas base method is produced the prevailing conditions of sponge iron technology abundant Sweet natural gas to be arranged, area in the Sweet natural gas scarcity can not be adopted, and price of itself and conversion cost are higher, and the gas storage amount of China is also fewer, and therefore, this technology still is not suitable for the production of China's sponge iron at present.

Coal-based method is to be that reductive agent directly reduces to ferric oxide with coal, and the direct reducing process of present coal-based method comparative maturity mainly contains kiln process, tunnel furnace method, rotary hearth furnace method and shaft furnace process.

Kiln process, this method mechanization degree height, the construction period is short, and the output height is fit to maximize and produces.But because the type of furnace is bigger, inside and outside facility is more, and one-time investment is bigger, the maintenance cost height, requirement harshness to raw material, the ring formation accident also takes place easily must be handled in blowing out, and solid charge and gas are taken their own roads, and thermo-efficiency is low, the temperature of reduced iron kiln discharge is higher, the sponge iron of being produced is easily oxidized and influence degree of metalization, and operation control is difficult, is not suitable for medium and small sized enterprises.

Tunnel furnace method is also referred to as canned outer hot reducing method (Hoganas), it is that breeze and reductive agent are packed in the reduction jar together according to certain ratio and loading method, then being potted on the tank car, push in the tunnel furnace, batch can added thermal bake-out tens of hours at 1150 ℃～1200 ℃ after heating, make the fine ore reduction, after cooling, obtain sponge iron.This method can be produced the sponge iron that satisfies the Electric furnace steel making needs, tunnel furnace can be built by laying bricks or stones on the spot, and the output investment ratio kiln process is saved, and operates also fairly simple convenience, but unit output is low, floor space is big, and because tunnel furnace needs the retort of a large amount of refractory materialss, these retort need heating and cooling repeatedly, both a large amount of wastes the energy, also prolong the reaction times, reduced the life-span of retort, increased consumption, and the place that need tinning be set specially and go out jar, cause floor space big, labour intensity is big, the cost height, mechanization degree is low, thermo-efficiency is low, has influenced economic benefit, has restricted the development of sponge iron.

The rotary hearth furnace method, it is to make ball after iron content powder, reductive agent and sweetening agent are mixed, add in the rotary hearth furnace after drying and the preheating then, rotation along with furnace bottom, furnace charge is successively through the preheating zone, the reduction zone is discharged into the interior or cooling fast of hot transfer cask of refractory materials after the neutral zone reaction finishes.The sulphur content height of ubiquity product can not satisfy the requirement of Electric furnace steel making in this technology, and has the problem that reoxidizes of sponge iron simultaneously, has reduced the degree of metalization of product.

Shaft furnace process, it is to work in the mode of convection current, ore adds from furnace roof, solid-state furnace charge from up to down moves, reducing gas autoreduction band bottom adds and moves up, and forms convection current with furnace charge, and furnace charge iron ore and reducing gas all are inverse motion and mobile reaction process, its reaction process is similar to blast furnace top indirect reduction band, is a reducing and smelting process that melting phenomenon do not occur.Go into furnace charge and reducing gas is evenly distributed, when solid charge moves downward in the shaft furnace with the reducing gas of rising between mass transfer (reduction) and heat exchange, be an individual gas-solid countercurrent reaction process near perfect condition, the sponge iron that finishes that reduces is got rid of from furnace bottom.This device structure is simple, the level of automation height, and output is big, but present shaft furnace both domestic and external all adopts the indirect heating reduction, and because bed of material height, resistance is big, and furnace charge center and peripheral air-flow is inhomogeneous, and the temperature difference is big, causes the energy consumption height, and output and quality are all unstable.Simultaneously,, make the configuration of furnace binding and air quantity not ideal enough, make pelletizing center iron protoxide not obtain abundant oxidation and form low-melting mixtures, cause burner hearth dross and bulk to make and cause blowing out, the carrying out that influence is produced owing to adopt indirect heating.

In the production technique of above-mentioned various sponge iron, adopt raw material to be fine ore, be subjected to the restriction of raw material and the complicacy of and technology big owing to facility investment, still be difficult to obtain develop rapidly in China at present.

Iron phosphorus and iron oxide red be Steel Mill and forge works in rolling and forging process, steel contacts with oxygen in the process of cooling in air after heat, at the oxides-containing iron of the surface of steel generation.Be the important source of Steel Plant's solid waste, it account for the steel total amount of handling 3%～5% between, arbitrarily discharging will cause environmental hazard.The W of iron phosphorus and iron oxide red (Fe) content is up to 80%～90%, and other foreign matter content is less, does not contain gangue impurity than the sponge iron of producing with ore.Be the high quality raw material of producing sponge iron, can be used as directly the also secondary metallurgy resource of the sponge iron of original production steel-making usefulness.

Red mud is a kind of solid waste that is produced in the alumina producer production process, 1.0～1.7 tons of red muds of the about output of 1 ton of aluminum oxide of the every production of China, owing to contain higher alkali in the red mud, so being deposited in, annual a large amount of red mud can make the soil alkalization on the ground, and gradually polluted underground water and the waste resource, contain the Fe more than 23%～35% in the red mud ₂O ₃And other metals, be another metallurgical resource.

Sulfate slag is to produce the iron slag that produces in the sulfuric acid process with pyrite or pyrrhotite.Main component is ferriferous oxide (Fe in the sulfate slag ₂O ₃, Fe ₃O ₄), Fe content is generally 30%～55%; Contain SiO in addition ₂, the vitriol of residual sulphur content (being generally 0.5%～2%), metal (as Cu, Pb, Zn) and oxide compound etc.Sulfate slag belongs to artificial slag, and its physicochemical characteristic and structure construction and natural mineral of the same name are different; Because the sulfate slag iron level is lower, and wherein contains the chemical ingredients that is not suitable for smelting, must just can make the ball raw material through after sorting.At the characteristic of sulfate slag, select for use suitable equipment and technology that sulfate slag is carried out sorting and purify, make it become the iron-bearing material of making sponge iron, not only the iron-bearing material source can be increased but also the waste of resource and the pollution of environment can be solved.

Blast furnace dirt, converter dirt, open hearth dust, roll scale, open hearth slag all are important sources of Steel Plant's solid waste.Its iron-holder height, fine size (325 orders are greater than 90%) utilizes it can do raw materials for sintering, with addition of part steel rolling iron phosphorus through grind mix after, add water-wet and make ball, the good green-ball of availability can reclaim resource, and can instead of part lime, thereby reduce the wasting of resources, alleviate environmental pollution.

Above-mentioned various metallurgical waste materials are fully utilized, promptly can save ore resource, the waste that can solve resource and the pollution of environment are arranged.

Present domestic technology and equipment with iron phosphorus and iron oxide red production sponge iron mainly is employing tunnel furnace---reduction pot process and reflecting kiln (down-draft kiln)---reduction pot process.The raw materials used above iron phosphorus of 200 orders (or adding part puron fine ore) that is adopts charcoal, coke powder or coal dust to make reductive agent, and CaO makes sweetening agent, and it is contained in respectively in the same reduction jar.Make sponge iron through after in tunnel furnace or reflecting kiln, heating, reduce, cool off.These two kinds of methods are made sponge iron, and the production cycle reaches more than 40 hours same.Owing to adopt the reduction jar, need carry out tinning in advance, sponge iron after the reduction needs to pour out in jar, thereby labour intensity is big, the operation site dust is big, contaminate environment, for this reason, disclose in No. 87101175.1, China's number of patent application a kind of iron phosphorus in shaft furnace with the coke powder technology of the clean sponge iron of original production also, the material part, center of the reduction furnace in this technology partly is made up of receiving hopper 1, central part tremie pipe 2, peripheral hopper 3, reaction tubes 4, shaft furnace body of heater 5, cooling jacket 6, revolving scraper 7, burnt dish 8 etc.Its processing method is: with iron phosphorus or other iron content powders from central division receiving hopper 1 join central part tremie pipe 2, coke powder and an amount of Wingdale join reaction tubes 4 from peripheral hopper 3, reaction tubes 4 is installed in the shaft furnace body of heater 5, by burning coal gas or coal dust heat supply.Iron phosphorus or other iron content powders meet with coke powder in the decline process, crystallization reduction, fixed takes place under high temperature action, after iron phosphorus or other iron content powder and the sponge iron that restores drop to cooling jacket 6 internal cooling, by self gravity and the drawing of pair roller power under deviate from shaft furnace.This technology is compared with reflecting kiln with tunnel furnace, though technology is simple, shortened the cycle also far away, the production efficiency height, labour intensity is little, but because iron phosphorus is to join in the shaft furnace from different tremie pipes with iron content powder and coke powder and Wingdale, easily make the skewness of furnace charge and reductive agent, the uniform in quality that is restored is poor, and is prone to the dross phenomenon, thus the carrying out that influence is produced.Simultaneously because in a reduction jar externally heating, thereby thermo-efficiency is low, and reduction reaction speed is slow, uses coke powder to make reductive agent in reduction, and the production cost height owing to adopt single-unit furnace production and be subjected to the restriction of shaft furnace structure, only is suitable for small serial production.

Announced a kind of pot furnace device of directly going back the original production sponge iron in China ZL96205053.9 patent.This device is to build body of heater, combustion chamber, quirk, air flue, flue, retort, grate and detection, control device on the furnace bottom basis by laying bricks or stones.Quirk grouping, layering, level is staggered and be looped around around the retort; Retort can be identical some groups of structure; Quirk, combustion chamber are corresponding with the group number of retort.Retort is positioned at the part of body of heater inside is built by laying bricks or stones by refractory materials, and the part that is positioned at the body of heater outside is the water jacket of metal construction, and this water jacket bottom is equipped with removal device.

Its production technique is: with smart powder of iron and a certain amount of reductive agent, sweetening agent, mix or make pelletizing, by feeder intermittently or add retort continuously, retort is by some groups quirk heating around it, heat is provided by the combustion chamber, furnace charge slowly moves down by deadweight in jar, be warming up to about 800 ℃ at preheating section earlier, in 800 ℃～1050 ℃, become sponge iron behind the reduction certain hour then, continue to move down, successively enter air cooling section and water-cooled section, the sponge iron temperature is reduced to about 100 ℃, is controlled by removal device, intermittently or continuously discharge, by concentration equipment sponge iron is separated with residue then.Though this device has the production efficiency height, be fit to produce in enormous quantities, owing to still adopt a jar outer heating process, thereby thermo-efficiency is low, and reduction rate is slow, and coal consumption is big, and the cost height makes production application obtain restriction.

Announced a kind of built-in coal-based sponge iron shaft furnace in China ZL200720032603.5 patent, this stove adopts and is provided with built-in flue in shaft furnace inside, furnace wall is provided with the gas stream through hole, flue bottom and vapourizing furnace upper end form tempering room, be provided with 2～10 from top to bottom around the flue periphery and jump into the hopper road, this charging conduit helically is because the built-in flue heating of this process using, shaft furnace thermo-efficiency than indirect heating increases, but still does not reach the purpose of high-level efficiency heating.This stove is owing to adopt many volution feeding structures simultaneously, influenced production utilization of space in the stove, and the rising of air-flow produced hinder, and spiral helicine complex geometry, huge spirochete is processed very difficulty, owing to spirochete is under the worst hot case for a long time, to having relatively high expectations of material, used metallic substance cost height, the life-span is short.In the furnace charge folding process, also there is very big problem, in case ore sintering becomes piece, stop up spiral channel, will cause the accident of the logical stove of stopping work.

The granularity that is used to produce the powdered iron ore of sponge iron and reductive agent, sweetening agent in above-mentioned each document is the coarse particles more than 200 orders, because coarse size cause the deoxidation and reduction reaction at high temperature to carry out, and reduction reaction speed is slow, efficient is low, the energy consumption height.

At present, being used for the brown iron oxide of sponge iron production and the granularity of carbon dust both at home and abroad is more than 200 orders, because raw materials used particle is thicker, reduction reaction need be carried out under 1150 ℃～1300 ℃ high temperature, energy-output ratio is big, and reduction rate is slow, and the reduction reaction time is long, energy utilization efficiency is low, and environmental pollution is serious.For this reason, carried out the research of brown iron oxide low-temperature reduction both at home and abroad in recent years.Reported " micro-nano brown iron oxide low-temperature reduction The Characteristic Study " in document " China metallurgical " magazine (2007 the 8th phase 23-28 pages or leaves), (granularity is 61um～16um) through 3～20mm iron powder is carried out the reductive achievement in research under hydrogen atmosphere in 280 ℃～400 ℃ to disclose the micro-nano brown iron oxide of a kind of usefulness in the report.But, H ₂The preparation cost costliness, and H ₂A utilization ratio be about 25%, ton iron energy consumption is higher, and industrial preparation micro-nano powder in enormous quantities is still difficult at present, and the preparation cost height.This achievement is not still also possessing industrial applications under the condition at present.

High purity iron is a kind of iron and steel superfine product, the technology of preparing of exploitation high purity iron, not only can improve purity and products thereof the performance of iron, increase product technology content and added value, and the preparation of multiple materials such as high-performance electrical material, superalloy, stainless steel and magnetically permeable material is also had dissemination and economic benefit.And adopt sponge iron to make the feedstock production high purity iron, not only can optimize molten steel quality, and can reduce cost, thereby can also replace steel scrap to alleviate the insufficient contradiction of steel scrap, for the pure iron of production high-quality high cleanliness provides the fine raw material to guarantee.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to provide that a kind of reduction temperature is low, reduction rate is fast, energy consumption is few, smelt the thermo-efficiency height, technology is simple, production efficiency is high, production cost is low, facility investment is little, the mechanization degree height, environmental pollution is little, the smelting technology and the equipment of the pure iron of the pure iron material high purity of manufacturing.

The equipment scheme that the present invention solves its technical problem is:

This equipment is made up of reduction apparatus and smelting equipment two cover systems.Wherein reduction apparatus adopts the vertical furnace body structure, reduction apparatus includes furnace base (12), upper furnace body, lower furnace body, goes up bonnet, oven dry pool furnace grate (25), sealing blanking device (1), refining plant and and the waste heat circulation device, above furnace base, be connected with upper furnace body, below furnace base, be connected with lower furnace body, be connected with bonnet in the upper end of upper furnace body, oven dry pool furnace grate is positioned at the upper furnace body upper end, refining plant is connected with lower furnace body with upper furnace body by pipeline, and the waste heat circulation device is connected with lower furnace body.

Smelting equipment is blown into system, electrode and seal closure by electroslag furnace, electroslag furnace power supply system, electrode lifting device, gas to be formed, and electroslag furnace is according to the smelting requirements difference, and employing has the lining electroslag furnace, partly has the lining electroslag furnace to smelt.

Upper furnace body in the described reduction apparatus comprises internal heating jar (2), reducing gas outlet (3), add thermal reduction jar (4), heating air inlet hole (5), gas pipe (6), refractory brick (7), gas jet (8), refractory fibre (9), reduction furnace shell (10), inside and outside heating tank air inlet port (11), internal heating gas pipe (20), internal heating gas jet (21), heating chamber (39), roasting reduction district (43), the reduction furnace shell, fire brick layer, add thermal reduction jar and internal heating jar suit successively, the reduction furnace shell is positioned at outermost layer, the internal heating jar is positioned at innermost layer, at internal heating jar center the internal heating gas pipe is arranged, the end of internal heating gas pipe is connected with the internal heating gas jet, between reduction furnace shell and fire brick layer, refractory fibre is arranged, it in fire brick layer heating chamber, there is gas pipe to pass the reduction furnace shell, refractory fibre and fire brick layer, the gas pipe end is connected with gas jet, gas jet is positioned at heating chamber, internal heating jar and add between the thermal reduction jar and to be the roasting reduction district, epimere on the internal heating jar has the reducing gas outlet, at hypomere inside and outside heating tank air inlet port is arranged, adding outside has the heating air inlet hole on the thermal reduction jar; The part that upper furnace body stretches into protective guard is the V-shape structure; the middle part that adds thermal reduction jar and internal heating tank body is to having many oblique gas channels; the oblique gas channel of two tank bodies is V-shape to be arranged, upwards all has a plurality of and tank body parallel gas flow hole at two tank body middle parts.

Perhaps described upper furnace body comprises internal heating jar (2), reducing gas outlet (3), add thermal reduction jar (4), heating air inlet hole (5), refractory brick (7), refractory fibre (9), reduction furnace shell (10), inside and outside heating tank air inlet port (11), fired coal combustion chamber (33), slag removing chamber (34), internal heating quirk (38), heating chamber (39), roasting reduction district (43), the reduction furnace shell, fire brick layer, add thermal reduction jar and internal heating jar suit successively, the reduction furnace shell is positioned at outermost layer, the internal heating jar is positioned at innermost layer, fired coal combustion chamber (33), slag removing chamber (34) is positioned at the lower end of upper furnace body, internal heating quirk (38) is positioned at internal heating jar (2) and adds the lower end of thermal reduction jar (4), between reduction furnace shell and fire brick layer, refractory fibre is arranged, it in fire brick layer heating chamber, internal heating jar and add between the thermal reduction jar and to be the roasting reduction district, epimere on the internal heating jar has the reducing gas outlet, at hypomere inside and outside heating tank air inlet port is arranged, adding outside has the heating air inlet hole on the thermal reduction jar; The part that upper furnace body stretches into protective guard is the V-shape structure, the middle part that adds thermal reduction jar and internal heating tank body is to having many oblique gas channels, the oblique gas channel of two tank bodies is V-shape to be arranged, upwards all has a plurality of and tank body parallel gas flow hole at two tank body middle parts;

Described upper furnace body is single hole one a passage furnace binding, and perhaps upper furnace body is porous one a passage furnace binding; The arrangement form of body of heater is a single passage, and perhaps the arrangement form of body of heater is many row's one passages; Add thermal reduction jar and internal heating jar and in upper furnace body, be distributed with 1-50, the middle and lower part that adds the tank body of thermal reduction jar and internal heating jar outside has 10-50 and is oblique air inlet/outlet with the tank body vertical line, have the air inlet/outlet that is arranged in parallel with tank body in the middle and upper part of tank body, its air inlet/outlet uniform distribution on tank body; Add being shaped as circle or being rectangle of thermal reduction jar; Add the thermal reduction jar and use material to make, perhaps adopt two kinds of material co-manufactured as SiC or refractory brick material.

Described lower furnace body comprises that cooled transition section (13), spiral discharging machine (18), discharge port (29), body of heater support (31), inside and outside heating tank supports (32), fired coal combustion chamber (33), the cooled transition section is positioned at the internal heating jar and adds the bottom of thermal reduction jar, the fired coal combustion chamber is connected with the roasting reduction district of upper furnace body, body of heater supports and is positioned at the outside, inside and outside heating tank supports and is positioned at the center, is connected with spiral discharging machine in the bottom of cooled transition section, at an end of spiral discharging machine discharge port is arranged.

The described bonnet of going up comprises bonnet (27), chimney (28), fly-ash separator (44), and chimney is positioned at the upper end of bonnet, and fly-ash separator is connected on the chimney.

Described refining plant comprises waste heat transfer lime (19), middle waste heat recovery pipe (22), last waste heat recovery pipe (26), aerofoil fan (30), right cooling duct (36), right cooling blower (41), the waste heat recovery pipe is connected with last bonnet on passing through in the upper end of refining plant, in the middle part of refining plant by middle waste heat recovery pipe coupling in the upper furnace body upper end, last waste heat recovery pipe (26) and middle waste heat recovery pipe all feed to the roasting reduction district, bottom at refining plant feeds to the fired coal combustion of lower furnace body indoor by the waste heat transfer lime, on the waste heat transfer lime, be connected with aerofoil fan, on the waste heat transfer lime below the aerofoil fan, be connected with right cooling duct, on right cooling duct, be connected with right cooling blower.

Described waste heat circulation device comprises left waste heat transfer lime (14), water outlet (15), cooling cylinder (16), water-in (17), left cooling duct (35), left cooling blower (42), cooling cylinder is arranged outside lower furnace body, water-in and water outlet are arranged on cooling cylinder, left side waste heat transfer lime feeds to the fired coal combustion of lower furnace body indoor, on left waste heat transfer lime, be connected with left aerofoil fan, on the left waste heat transfer lime below the left aerofoil fan, be connected with left cooling duct (35), be connected with left cooling blower (42) on the left cooling duct.

Electroslag furnace in the described smelting equipment is according to the difference of smelting mode, and being divided into has the lining electroslag furnace, two kinds of bodies of heater of lining electroslag furnace are partly arranged.The lining electroslag furnace is wherein arranged by lining electroslag furnace body of heater (54) is arranged, seal closure (49), rise fall of electrodes system (47) and power supply part, gas is blown into system and forms, there is lining electroslag furnace body of heater (54) to be located on the lining electroslag furnace body of heater tilting mechanism (53), be connected with bottom electrode (57) in the bottom that lining electroslag furnace body of heater (54) is arranged, by electrode lifting device (47) electrode (46) is inserted with in the lining electroslag furnace, on electrode (46), be connected with power supply (48), power switch (50), end power supply (51), end power supply (51) is connected last and electrode (46) the composition current supply circuit of bottom electrode (57), side at the bottom bottom electrode (57) that lining electroslag furnace body of heater (54) is arranged is equipped with oxygen gas permeability brick (55), on oxygen gas permeability brick (55), be connected with oxygen hose (56), opposite side at bottom bottom electrode (57) is equipped with argon gas gas permeable brick (59), on argon gas gas permeable brick (59), be connected with tunger tube (58), have in the lining electroslag furnace molten slag (52) and molten metal (60) are arranged, be connected with diversion trench (61) and pelletizing transfer roller (63) on the top that the lining electroslag furnace is arranged, in the outside that the lining electroslag furnace is arranged seal closure (49) is installed, be connected with gas recovery pipe (45) on the top of seal closure (49), gas recovery pipe (45) is connected with the waste heat recycle system pipeline that is connected shaft furnace cooled transition section (13) bottom, has lining electroslag furnace body of heater tilting mechanism (53) to be installed on the furnace body support (64).

Described different heated by electrodes and two kinds of device structures of conducting ring heating of being divided into of mode of connection that lining electroslag furnace body of heater is partly arranged according to power supply.Wherein heated by electrodes partly has the lining electroslag furnace by refractory materials body of heater (65), water mold (70), take out and decide device (68) and power-supply system, electrode lifting device, scavenger system, seal closure is formed, refractory materials body of heater (65) be connected water mold (70) above, bottom in water mold (70) one sides is connected with water inlet pipe 69, top at water mold (70) opposite side is connected with water inlet pipe 74, side below refractory materials body of heater (65) is equipped with oxygen gas permeability brick (55), on oxygen gas permeability brick (55), be connected with oxygen hose (56), opposite side at bottom bottom electrode (57) is equipped with argon gas gas permeable brick (59), on argon gas gas permeable brick (59), be connected with tunger tube (58), be connected with end water tank (71) below the water mold (70), take out decide device (68) be connected end water tank (71) below, electrode (46) inserts in the refractory materials body of heater (65) that the lining electroslag furnace is partly arranged by electrode lifting device (47), on electrode (46), be connected with power supply (48), power switch (50), end power supply (51), end power supply (51) is connected last and electrode (48) the composition current supply circuit of end water tank (71), partly have in the lining electroslag furnace molten slag (52) and molten metal (60) are arranged, be connected with diversion trench (61) and pelletizing transfer roller (63) on the top that the lining electroslag furnace is partly arranged, in the outside that the lining electroslag furnace is arranged seal closure (49) is installed, be connected with gas recovery pipe (45) on the top of seal closure (49), gas recovery pipe (45) is connected with the waste heat recycle system pipeline that is connected shaft furnace cooled transition section (13) bottom, partly has lining electroslag furnace body of heater to be installed on the furnace body support (64);

Described conducting ring heating partly has the lining electroslag furnace by refractory materials body of heater (65), water mold (70), take out and decide device (68) and power-supply system, electrode lifting device, scavenger system, seal closure is formed, conducting ring (73) is installed below the refractory materials body of heater (65), bottom in conducting ring bottom (73) one sides is connected with water inlet pipe 72, top at conducting ring bottom (73) opposite side is connected with water inlet pipe 74, side below conducting ring (73) is equipped with oxygen gas permeability brick (55), on oxygen gas permeability brick (55), be connected with oxygen hose (56), opposite side at conducting ring (73) is equipped with argon gas gas permeable brick (59), on argon gas gas permeable brick (59), be connected with tunger tube (58), below oxygen gas permeability brick (55) and argon gas gas permeable brick (59), be connected with water mold (70), bottom in water mold (70) one sides is connected with water inlet pipe 69, top at water mold (70) opposite side is connected with water inlet pipe 74, below water mold (70), be connected with end water tank 71, take out decide device (68) be connected end water tank (71) below, power supply (48) is connected on the conducting ring (73), with power switch (50), end power supply (51) and end water tank (71) are formed current supply circuit.

All the other equipment partly have the lining electroslag furnace identical with structure in heated by electrodes, slightly.

Described the lined furnace body of heater (54) of lining in the electroslag furnace arranged is to form by the refractory materials ramming of high temperature resistant, the anti-slagging of retractory or by fire-resistant brick casting, and its geometrical shape can also be circle, rectangle, square for promptly can be ellipse.

The described power supply (48) that the lining electroslag furnace is arranged, partly the lining electroslag furnace is arranged can also be single-phase low voltage, high-current supply, the preferred triple-phase power supply for three-phase low voltage, high-current supply.

Described have the lining electroslag furnace, partly have the lining electroslag furnace electrode (46) material be Graphite Electrodes, can also be metallic substance consumable electrode or resistant to elevated temperatures conducting ceramic material.

Described have the lining electroslag furnace, partly have the lining electroslag furnace electrode lifting device (47) have electrode clamping, electrode oscilaltion, electrode rotating mechanism.

Described conducting ring (72) is the recirculated water cooling structure, and material is connected with conducting ring water inlet pipe (71) for copper material, nonmagnetic steel, stainless steel or the soft steel of conduction in the bottom of conducting ring (72), be connected with conducting ring rising pipe (73) on the top of conducting ring.

The process program that solves its technical problem is:

Iron-bearing material is mixed with reductive agent, flux, catalytic additive, after mixing, be crushed to below 200 orders, make compound; Then compound is joined and carry out ball milling in the ball mill, be prepared into ultrafine powder, ultrafine powder is carried out passivation; In catalytic additive, add water-solubleization, obtain the aqueous solution,, cause the pelletizing material after mixing ultrafine powder, the aqueous solution and binding agent mixed together; Light the fuel in the inside and outside well heater in the vertical reduction furnace, the pelletizing material that is made is sent in the reduction furnace through helical screw feeder, evenly loosely is arranged to and is dried on the pool furnace grate, the pelletizing material is dried, the pelletizing material is through the laggard capable roasting of super-dry, in roast area with combustion gas in CO, H ₂With the hydrocarbon reaction in the volatile matter, the pelletizing material is under 500 ℃-1100 ℃ the reduction temperature and under the acting in conjunction of catalyzer, after 15-180 minute reduction reaction, obtain the metallized pellet (sponge iron) that degree of metalization reaches 90-95%, metallized pellet enters the cooled transition section; Waste-heat recovery device will react the hot gas that rises the back as combustion air with together metallized pellet is cooled off after cooling air mixes, the cooling air that is blown into absorbs the heat of metallized pellet, when arriving roast area, form oxygen containing high-temperature gas, carry out combustion-supporting to the combustion gas in the reduction furnace, circulation so successively, remaining waste gas enters atmosphere by chimney after dedusting, metallized pellet after pre-cooled enters in the cooling cylinder below the cooled transition section, regulate the cooling temperature of the metallization ball of coming out of the stove by regulating water-cooled intensity and cooling section cooling air quantity, make it in 500～900 ℃ of scopes, discharge cooling cylinder by spiral discharging machine, the hot metal pellet of discharging cooling cylinder directly imported the lining electroslag furnace to be arranged or partly have in the lining electroslag furnace in the diversion trench by conveyor delivery melt smelting, opened lining electroslag furnace power switch, the starting electrode lifting device, electrode has been sent in the lining electroslag furnace, the solid-state electroslag material energising that joins in the stove is fused into molten slag, or poured into after solid slag melted outside stove in the lining electroslag furnace, starting electrode or conducting ring are heated in 1650 ℃～1800 ℃ required scopes the molten slag that is melted, the Al in the metallized pellet ₂O ₃, MgO, SiO ₂, CaO can be used as the electroslag furnace slag charge, then according to the matallurgical products specification of quality, allocates proper C aF into ₂, Al ₂O ₃, CaO, TiO ₂, MnO, SiO ₂, RE, RexOy, Na ₂B ₄O ₇, Na ₂O, SiCa, K ₂O, one or more materials among the Al, so that the gangue content in the pelletizing is adjusted, make it reach the requirement of the required slag charge composition of electroslag metallurgy, the intact coal of unburn enters in the high temperature slag bath and burns away in the pelletizing, both can play the effect of saves energy, can play the effect of deoxidation again, simultaneously, the CO gas that is produced behind the coal burning can also further promote the reduction of pelletizing, in melting process, specification of quality according to matallurgical products, be blown into an amount of oxygen by oxygen hose and gas permeable brick the pure iron molten metal that is melted is carried out decarburization, make the pure iron molten iron of being smelted reach required carbon content, being blown into an amount of argon gas by tunger tube and gas permeable brick stirs metal pool, make the pure iron molten iron of being smelted reach required purity requirement, produce the pure iron molten iron of required specification of quality, smelt good pure iron molten iron and can pour hot metal ladle into and carry out die casting by being installed in lined furnace tipple on the furnace body support, manufacture the pure iron product of desired size, or by after the water mold crystallization by taking out the product of deciding to cut into after device is extracted out in the water mold desired length.The CO gas that is produced in the smelting process cools off metallized pellet with the bottom that together enters the cooled transition section from shaft furnace after waste heat that reclaims and cooling air mix by gas recovery pipe in seal closure and reduces.

To the good metallized pellet of process reduction shaft furnace, also can be as required by adjusting the cooling cylinder cooling water flow, metallized pellet is cooled fast in cooling cylinder below 100 ℃ discharges cooling cylinder by spiral discharging machine, behind broken and vibrosieve, carry out magnetic separation, with residual coal with carry out briquetting after gangue separates, obtain high-grade sponge iron product and directly sell.

Described pure iron raw material: be fine iron breeze, iron phosphorus, iron oxide red, iron dust containing, sulfate slag, red mud, use wherein any one; Perhaps the iron-bearing material more than two kinds or two kinds mixes use, and blending ratio is not limit; The fine iron breeze that perhaps adds 10%-90% in a kind of or multiple iron-bearing material in the iron phosphorus of 10%-90%, iron oxide red, iron dust containing perhaps adds a kind of or multiple iron-bearing material in the iron phosphorus, iron oxide red, iron dust containing of 10%-90% in the fine iron breeze of 10%-90%;

Described ultrafine powder is that granularity is 75um-5um, and wherein granularity is that the powder of 10um-35um accounts for more than 85%.

The material proportion of described catalytic additive (weight percent) is made up of fusing agent 10-50%, oxygenant 10-30%, catalysis burning-rate accelerator 10-30%, pore former 5-15%, nucleus reinforcer 5-20%, fusing assistant 15-30%, radical initiator 5-10%; Wherein (following all be weight percentage);

Described fusing agent is by boron-containing iron concentrate powder 50-70%, sodium tetraborate (NaB ₄O ₇10H ₂O) 10-30%, bentonite 10-20% form, and perhaps are wherein any one;

Described oxygenant is by SODIUMNITRATE (NaNO ₃) 50%, saltpetre (KNO ₃) 50% form, perhaps be in SODIUMNITRATE, the saltpetre any one;

Described catalysis burning-rate accelerator is any one of sodium-chlor (NaCl), Repone K (KCl), is its mixture perhaps, and blending ratio is not limit;

Described fusing assistant is fluorite (CaF ₂) 50%, yttrium oxide (Y ₂O ₃) 50% composition;

Described nucleus reinforcer is cerium dioxide (CeO ₂), nitric acid (NaNO ₃) any one; Be its mixture perhaps, blending ratio is not limit;

Described radical initiator is any one of alkoxylamine or aryl carbon metal-salt; Perhaps radical initiator is its mixture, and blending ratio is not limit;

Described pore former is any one of polyvinyl chloride, vermiculite, perlite, lime carbonate, is its mixture perhaps, and blending ratio is not limit.

Described reductive agent be fixed carbon greater than 65wt%, ash content is less than 15wt%, volatilization is divided into any one in the low ash content bituminous coal of hard coal, low-sulfur, coking coal, coke powder of 20～30wt%, or the mixture more than two kinds;

Described flux is any one in lime, slaked lime, rhombspar, the Wingdale.

Described caking agent is any one in wilkinite, water glass, clay, bentonite, the spent pulping liquor; Perhaps be the mixture more than two kinds, blending ratio is not limit.

Described pelletizing material component proportioning (weight %) is: contain iron powder body 75%, reductive agent 20%, flux 3%, binding agent 1%, catalytic additive 1%; The grain graininess of pelletizing powder is 5um-75um, and wherein the granularity of 10-35um accounts for 90% of the used material total amount of pelletizing, and reduction reaction temperature is 1100 ℃, and the reduction reaction time is 90 minutes.

Described fuel is coal gas or for bituminous coal or for hard coal.

The slag charge of described electroslag furnace is CaF ₂, Al ₂O ₃, CaO, TiO ₂, MnO, SiO ₂, RE, RexOy, Na ₂B ₄O ₇, K ₂O, Na ₂The polynary slag system that material more than two kinds or three kinds among O, SiCa, the Al is formed, basicity is 1.2～1.8 high basicity slag;

Described gas permeable brick air penetrability is 26～30%, and oxygen blast gas, blowing argon gas pressure are 6～8Kg/cm ²

Described decarbonization process is blown into oxygen decarburization, is blown into the argon gas stirring for comprising by gas permeable brick in molten bath and slag bath, or the mixed gas that is blown into argon gas and oxygen carries out decarburization, or by add 20% rhombohedral iron ore in slag, 20% iron phosphorus is mixed with the oxidisability slag and carries out decarburization.

Described have the refinery practice of lining electroslag furnace to comprise that also being blown into the employing Argon by gas permeable brick in molten bath and slag bath stirs refining.

Described have the lining electroslag furnace also can not use seal closure to smelt.

Adopt prepared metallized pellet of the present invention, equipment used only is not limited to still can adopt tunnel furnace, rotary kiln, converter, tube furnace, shaft furnace, down-draft furnace with the vertical reduction furnace production of inside and outside heating of the present invention.

Beneficial effect, owing to adopted such scheme, adopt the superfine powder metallized pellet reduction in the present invention, because the distortion dislocation takes place in ultrafine powder in thinning process, produce certain lattice distortion energy, after grain-size is less than 100nm, produce a large amount of dislocations, thereby form many active centers, have higher activity, size is more little, specific surface area is big more, activity is high more, can significantly reduce reaction activity, can reduce under the temperature more much lower than common iron powder, and ferric oxide powder is thin more, reduction temperature is low more, and speed of reaction is fast more, and reduction ratio is high more.Modern materials science studies have shown that: under hydrogen atmosphere, be that the brown iron oxide of 0.35um can reach 51.3% at 280 ℃ reduction ratio when mean particle size, at 400 ℃, reduction ratio can reach 97.1% under 20 minutes conditions, almost completely reduction.Both shorten the reaction times so adopt superfine iron powder to reduce, reduced reduction temperature again, greatly reduced energy consumption, material consumption in the reaction process, saved human and material resources and reduction cost.Because the nano powder preparation cost is higher, production efficiency is low, considers nano powder preparation technology, production efficiency and preparation cost, realizes producing in enormous quantities the reality that still acquires a certain degree of difficulty under present state of the art.The present invention is limited to powder granularity in the 10um-75um scope, wherein the 10um-35um granularity accounts for 90%, the powder of this granularity both can make full use of existing powder preparing technology and realize extensive superfine powder production, realized low cost, high efficiency production high-test metal pellet.

Modern materials science studies have shown that crystal grain nanometer degree is high more, and the speed of response of brown iron oxide is fast more, but the preparation cost costliness of nano-powder, production efficiency is low, and the present invention is applied to preparation technology of the present invention with catalyst technology, under the effect of catalyzer, improved reacting dynamics condition greatly, can reduce activation energy by a larger margin, reduce reduction reaction temperature, improve reduction reaction speed, realize the low temperature rapid reaction, enhance productivity.

Adopt the vertical reduction furnace of inside and outside heating, owing to adopt the two-way heating technique of outer heating of jar and jar interior center heating, overcome the deficiency of Classical Shaft Furnace, made furnace charge in stove, be subjected to inside and outside heating, and reactant gases secondary combustion in stove helps the thermal center energy, the thermo-efficiency height, energy consumption is low, and flame breakthrough power is strong, uniformity of temperature profile, controlled, device structure is simple and reliable, can the same passage of a stove porous, improve thermo-efficiency, easy to operate, improve reduction rate, realized fast restore, the output height, steady quality, the production of can maximizing.

Adopted shaft furnace process to prepare the top-down connection operation scheme of material of metallized pellet, but the heating and the reduction mode that are different from shaft furnace, adopted the muffle type of heating of tunnel furnace method, but the monomer indirect heating mode and the tank body that are different from retort in the tunnel furnace heat repeatedly, the refrigerative operation scheme.The present invention gets its chief, keeps away its shortage, adopts jar interior and jar outer novel shaft furnace structure of heating simultaneously, pelletizing adopts upper of furnace body continuously from last adding, metallized pellet after the reduction flows out from furnace bottom, can make retort be in the working temperature state all the time, needn't heat cooling repeatedly.It is long to have solved the tunnel kiln reduction method recovery time, reduction jar needs heating and cooling repeatedly and a large amount of energy dissipations of causing during reduction, the refractory materials waste is big, the energy consumption height, the drawback that level of automation is low, simplify production process, improved production efficiency, reduced energy consumption, there is not refractory consumption rate in the production process, realized that mechanize takes on material, improved work situation, reduced labour intensity, there is not bonding, hanging, dross, the bulk fault, equipment is reliable, compares with tunnel furnace and cuts down the consumption of energy about 40%, has realized high mechanization production high-test metal pellet.

Adopt one group or several groups of relatively independent retort productions, for many group reactions jar, each retort can be according to reducing operating mode independent control charge composition at any time, reduction parameter such as cooling time, realize the many variety production of a stove, can make stable and reliable product quality, the fuel wide accommodation can be suitable for coal gas, Sweet natural gas, also can use the coal direct heating.

Adopt coal base reduction technology; adopt bituminous coal, hard coal as direct reductive agent in the reduction; do not use coke; eliminated the environmental pollution that the coke production process is caused; owing to adopt low temperature fast restore technology, and also adopting the waste heat recovery secondary to use in the original production, thereby reduced the consumption of coal; reduce smoke discharge amount, helped environment protection.

Adopt the raw material of the abundant relatively fine iron breeze of resource as sponge iron, its raw material sources are extensive relatively, and the composition of raw material is not required, and can use the fine iron breeze raw material of various compositions; Adopt the Iron And Steel Industry waste as main iron-bearing material production high-quality sponge iron, promptly reduced environmental pollution, increased the resource of iron-bearing material again, saved ore resource consumption, reduced raw materials cost.

The present invention produces the technology of sponge iron and the degree of metalization that equipment has improved product, reduced the fusing point of product, improved the bed permeability energy, has catalytic combustion-supporting, suppress the bad crystal conversion in the sintering process, acceleration of sintering process SFEA forms and suppresses low temperature reduction degradation, and intensified-sintered technological process has reduced the fusing point and the reduction temperature of product, accelerated reduction rate, shorten the recovery time, weakened the secondary oxidation in the high temperature reduction process, can reduce fuel consumption and power consumption more than 10%, improved the metallurgical performance of sponge iron, improved the degree of metalization of product, reduced discharge of harmful gases in the waste gas, alleviated pollution environment.

Reducing process of the present invention and equipment make that the production reduction temperature of metallized pellet is low, reduction rate is fast, energy consumption is few, production efficiency is high, production cost is low, mechanization degree is high, reach purpose of the present invention.

Employing has lining electroslag furnace smelting ferroferrite, is the special equipment that electroslag metallurgy principle and electric arc furnace structure are united, and it is that electric energy is imported molten slag layer and the electric loop of formation in molten slag layer by electrode.When electric current during by molten slag layer since molten slag layer have certain resistance and produce joule heating, thereby convert electrical energy into heat energy.This joule heating makes the slag heating can reach 1800 ℃ high temperature, have than the high high-temperature slag of electric arc furnace temperature and than the slag interface of the big hundreds of times of electric arc furnace than two characteristics, the temperature of slag is higher than molten iron temperature, the heat of smelting is from slag, be high-temperature slag the heat transferred molten iron to keep molten iron temperature, it is different from electric arc furnace and relies on the electric arc liberated heat to add heating molten steel.These characteristics are that the physical-chemical reaction that carries out in the slag has been created favourable condition, for good favourable condition has been created in refining and decarburization, metal is by high temperature slag bath fusing, and molten iron enters slag blanket with the form of molten drop, molten drop during by slag blanket by the refining of the active slag of high temperature institute.The present invention adopts improvedly has the lining electroslag furnace directly to carry out electroslag smelting and refining to reducing back hot metal pellet, gangue in the metallized pellet is directly as the electroslag slag charge, reduced electroslag slag charge consumption, saved the consumption of non-metallic minerals, reduced production process, reduce environmental pollution, reduced power consumption again.Utilization has the metallurgy characteristic of lining electroslag furnace uniqueness, reduced alloy scaling loss amount, improved molten iron temperature by the high temperature slag bath, increased the flowability of molten iron, make pure iron molten iron purity high quality good, S, P content are low, the production efficiency height, adaptability is strong, the handiness height, facility investment is few, and equipment and production technique are simple, controllable parameter is few, the alloy recovery height can be smelted the pure iron of the high cleanliness of carbon content≤0.01%, can continuous production, can also discontinuity production, blow-on and blowing out are all more convenient.

The present invention has following advantage: 1, reduction temperature is low, energy consumption is low.2, speed of response is fast, the production efficiency height.3, Xian Jin inside and outside heating installation has improved heating efficiency, has guaranteed the homogeneity of metallized pellet quality.4, technical process is short, operating procedure is simple, and facility investment is few, the mechanization degree height, and output is big.5, reduce fuel consumption, reduce environmental pollution.6, the raw material suitability is strong, fuel source is extensive, the rate of recovery height of iron.7, resource consumption has been saved in waste resource recycle.8, product S, P content are low, and non-metallic inclusion content is few, and the high purity quality in the metal material is good, and the metal smelting loss is little, and energy consumption is low, the production efficiency height, and production cost is low, and adaptability is strong, the handiness height.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the process flow sheet of first embodiment of the invention

Fig. 2 is first equipment structure chart of second embodiment of the invention

Fig. 3 is second equipment structure chart of third embodiment of the invention

Fig. 4 is the 3rd equipment structure chart of fourth embodiment of the invention

Fig. 5 is the 4th equipment structure chart of fifth embodiment of the invention

Fig. 6 is the 5th equipment structure chart of sixth embodiment of the invention

Fig. 7 is the 6th equipment structure chart of seventh embodiment of the invention

Fig. 8 is first layout of equipment of eighth embodiment of the invention

Fig. 9 is second layout of equipment of ninth embodiment of the invention

Figure 10 is the 3rd layout of equipment of tenth embodiment of the invention

Figure 11 is the 4th layout of equipment of eleventh embodiment of the invention

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention is further explained, the following example does not limit protection scope of the present invention, and all modification and adjustment of making based on thought of the present invention all belong to the scope of protection of the invention.

Embodiment 1: Fig. 1 is a process flow sheet of the present invention, and in Fig. 1, the process program that solves its technical problem is:

Iron-bearing material is mixed with reductive agent, flux, catalytic additive, after mixing, be crushed to below 200 orders, make compound; Then compound is joined and carry out ball milling in the ball mill, be prepared into ultrafine powder, ultrafine powder is carried out passivation; In catalytic additive, add water-solubleization, obtain the aqueous solution,, cause the pelletizing material after mixing ultrafine powder, the aqueous solution and binding agent mixed together; Light the fuel in the inside and outside well heater in the vertical reduction furnace, the pelletizing material that is made is sent in the reduction furnace through helical screw feeder, evenly loosely is arranged to and is dried on the pool furnace grate, the pelletizing material is dried, the pelletizing material is through the laggard capable roasting of super-dry, in roast area with combustion gas in CO, H ₂With the hydrocarbon reaction in the volatile matter, the pelletizing material is under 500 ℃-1100 ℃ the reduction temperature and under the acting in conjunction of catalyzer, after 15-180 minute reduction reaction, obtain the metallized pellet (sponge iron) that degree of metalization reaches 90-95%, metallized pellet enters the cooled transition section; Waste-heat recovery device will react the hot gas that rises the back as combustion air with together metallized pellet is cooled off after cooling air mixes, the cooling air that is blown into absorbs the heat of metallized pellet, when arriving roast area, form oxygen containing high-temperature gas, carry out combustion-supporting to the combustion gas in the reduction furnace, circulation so successively, remaining waste gas enters atmosphere by chimney after dedusting, metallized pellet after pre-cooled enters in the cooling cylinder below the cooled transition section, regulate the cooling temperature of the metallization ball of coming out of the stove by regulating water-cooled intensity and cooling section cooling air quantity, make it in 500～900 ℃ of scopes, discharge cooling cylinder by spiral discharging machine, the hot metal pellet of discharging cooling cylinder directly imported the lining electroslag furnace to be arranged or partly have in the lining electroslag furnace in the diversion trench by conveyor delivery melt smelting, opened lining electroslag furnace power switch, the starting electrode lifting device, electrode has been sent in the lining electroslag furnace, the solid-state electroslag material energising that joins in the stove is fused into molten slag, or poured into after solid slag melted outside stove in the lining electroslag furnace, starting electrode or conducting ring are heated in 1650 ℃～1800 ℃ required scopes the molten slag that is melted, the Al in the metallized pellet ₂O ₃, MgO, SiO ₂, CaO can be used as the electroslag furnace slag charge, then according to the matallurgical products specification of quality, allocates proper C aF into ₂, Al ₂O ₃, CaO, TiO ₂, MnO, SiO ₂, RE, RexOy, Na ₂B ₄O ₇, Na ₂O, SiCa, K ₂O, one or more materials among the Al, so that the gangue content in the pelletizing is adjusted, make it reach the requirement of the required slag charge composition of electroslag metallurgy, the intact coal of unburn enters in the high temperature slag bath and burns away in the pelletizing, both can play the effect of saves energy, can play the effect of deoxidation again, simultaneously, the CO gas that is produced behind the coal burning can also further promote the reduction of pelletizing, in melting process, specification of quality according to matallurgical products, be blown into an amount of oxygen by oxygen hose and gas permeable brick institute's molten metal liquid is carried out decarburization, make the pure iron molten iron of being smelted reach required carbon content, being blown into an amount of argon gas by tunger tube and gas permeable brick stirs metal pool, make the pure iron molten iron of being smelted reach required purity requirement, produce the high quality pure iron molten iron of required specification of quality, smelt good pure iron molten iron and can pour hot metal ladle into and carry out die casting by being installed in lined furnace tipple on the furnace body support, manufacture desired size pure iron or by after the water mold crystallization by taking out the pure iron product of deciding to cut into after device is extracted out in the water mold desired length.The CO gas that is produced in the smelting process cools off metallized pellet with the bottom that together enters the cooled transition section from shaft furnace after waste heat that reclaims and cooling air mix by gas recovery pipe in seal closure and reduces.

Catalytic additive among the present invention has improved the degree of metalization of product, reduced the fusing point of product, improved the bed permeability energy, has catalytic combustion-supporting, suppress the bad crystal conversion in the sintering process, acceleration of sintering process SFEA forms and suppresses low temperature reduction degradation, and intensified-sintered technological process has reduced the fusing point and the reduction temperature of product, accelerated reduction rate, shorten the recovery time, weakened the secondary oxidation in the high temperature reduction process, can reduce fuel consumption and power consumption more than 10%, improved the metallurgical performance of sponge iron, improved the degree of metalization of product, can reduce discharge of harmful gases in the waste gas, alleviated pollution environment.

Described flux is any one in lime, slaked lime, rhombspar, the Wingdale.

Described metallized pellet material component proportioning (weight %) is: contain iron powder body 70-90%, reductive agent 3-10%, flux 3-10%, binding agent 1-10%, catalytic additive 0.1-5% composition, the grain graininess of pelletizing powder is 5um-75um, wherein the granularity of 10-35um accounts for 85% of the used material total amount of pelletizing, reduction reaction temperature is 500 ℃-1100 ℃, and the reduction reaction time is 15-190 minute.

Described fuel is coal gas or for bituminous coal or for hard coal.

Described decarbonization process is blown into oxygen decarburization, is blown into the argon gas stirring for comprising by gas permeable brick in molten bath and slag bath, or the mixed gas that is blown into argon gas and oxygen carries out decarburization, by the rhombohedral iron ore of adding 20% in slag, 20% iron phosphorus is mixed with the oxidisability slag and carries out decarburization.

Embodiment 2: Fig. 2 is first equipment structure chart of the present invention, and in Fig. 2, the equipment scheme that the present invention solves its technical problem is:

Smelting equipment is by being blown into system, electrode and seal closure and being formed by lining electroslag furnace, electroslag furnace power supply system, electrode lifting device, gas.

Described smelting equipment is by lining electroslag furnace body of heater (54) is arranged, seal closure (49), rise fall of electrodes system (47) and power supply part, gas is blown into system and forms, there is lining electroslag furnace body of heater (54) to be located on the lining electroslag furnace body of heater tilting mechanism (53), be connected with bottom electrode (57) in the bottom that lining electroslag furnace body of heater (54) is arranged, by electrode lifting device (47) electrode (46) is inserted with in the lining electroslag furnace, on electrode (46), be connected with power supply (48), power switch (50), end power supply (51), end power supply (51) is connected last and electrode (46) the composition current supply circuit of bottom electrode (57), side at the bottom bottom electrode (57) that lining electroslag furnace body of heater (54) is arranged is equipped with oxygen gas permeability brick (55), on oxygen gas permeability brick (55), be connected with oxygen hose (56), opposite side at bottom electrode (57) is equipped with argon gas gas permeable brick (59), on argon gas gas permeable brick (59), be connected with tunger tube (58), have in the lining electroslag furnace molten slag (52) and molten metal (60) are arranged, be connected with diversion trench (61) and pelletizing transfer roller (63) on the top that the lining electroslag furnace is arranged, in the outside that the lining electroslag furnace is arranged seal closure (49) is installed, be connected with gas recovery pipe (45) on the top of seal closure (49), gas recovery pipe (45) is connected with the waste heat recycle system pipeline that is connected shaft furnace cooled transition section (13) bottom, has lining electroslag furnace body of heater tilting mechanism (53) to be installed on the furnace body support (64).

The described power supply (48) that the lining electroslag furnace is arranged can also be single-phase low voltage, high-current supply, the preferred triple-phase power supply for three-phase low voltage, high-current supply.

Described have the lining electroslag furnace electrode (46) material be Graphite Electrodes, metallic substance consumable electrode or resistant to elevated temperatures conducting ceramic material.

Described have the electrode lifting device (47) of lining electroslag furnace to have electrode clamping, electrode oscilaltion, electrode rotating mechanism.

The process program that solves its technical problem is:

With fine iron breeze or iron phosphorus, flue dust, in the layer mud any one, with reductive agent, flux and catalytic additive mix, after mixing, be crushed to below 200 orders, join and carry out ball milling in the ball mill being crushed to compound below 200 orders, be prepared into the ultrafine powder of the 75um-5um with high-activity function, wherein granularity is that the powder of 10um-35um accounts for more than 85%, the ultrafine powder of the above-mentioned granularity for preparing is carried out passivation, add an amount of water-solubleization according to required dosage in catalytic additive, the aqueous solution after institute melt and the binding agent of required dosage add jointly in the ultrafine powder after the passivation and mix manufacturing pelletizing afterwards; Light outer heating and internal heating burner noz(zle) 8 and 21 of vertical reduction furnace, body of heater is heated.The pelletizing 40 that is made is sent in the vertical reduction furnace bonnet 27 of inside and outside heating of sealing with even velocity under sealed state through spiral blanking device 1, evenly loose arranging to is positioned on the oven dry pool furnace grate 25 of vertical reduction upper of furnace body, the hot gas of heating chamber 39 by the gas channel 3 offered on the tank body that adds thermal reduction jar 4 and internal heating jar 2 and 5 from below rise on the oven dry pool furnace grate 25 pelletizing 40 dried, pelletizing 40 motion from top to down and hot gas flow generation heat exchange of rising and enter CO, H in roast area 43 and the coal gas after super-dry ₂With the hydrocarbon reaction in the volatile matter, pelletizing 40 is further heated in the burning heat release, make pelletizing 40 that the oxygen loss reduction reaction take place, pelletizing 40 is under the acting in conjunction of 1100 ℃ reduction temperature and catalyzer, after 90 minutes reduction reaction, obtain the metallized pellet 37 that degree of metalization reaches 90%-95%, metallized pellet 37 continues to descend, enter cooled transition section 13, metallized pellet 37 continues to finish last a small amount of reaction, progressively descend and enter into cooled transition section 13 belows, waste heat recovery pipe 22,26 will react the waste hot gas that rises the back is drawn in the refining plant 24, after purifying treatment, pass through aerofoil fan 30 sucking-offs as combustion air, with the bottom that together enters cooled transition section 13 after cooling air that cooling blower 42 is blown into mixes metallized pellet 37 is cooled off, cooling air progressively rises and absorbs the heat of metallized pellet 37, forms oxygen containing high-temperature gas when arriving roast area 43, carries out combustion-supporting to the combustion gas in the reduction furnace 10.Circulation so successively, remaining waste gas enters atmosphere by chimney 28 after fly-ash separator 44 dedustings, metallized pellet 37 after pre-cooled enters in the cooling cylinder 16 below cooled transition section 13, regulate the cooling temperature of the metallization ball of coming out of the stove by regulating water-cooled intensity and cooling section cooling air quantity, make it in 500～900 ℃ of scopes, discharge cooling cylinder 16 by spiral discharging machine 18, the hot metal pellet 62 of discharging cooling cylinder 16 is transported to directly to import in the diversion trench 61 to have in the lining electroslag furnace body of heater 54 by transfer roller 63 melts smelting, opened lining electroslag furnace power switch 50, starting electrode lifting device 47, electrode 46 has been sent in the lining electroslag furnace body of heater 54, the solid-state electroslag material energising that joins in the stove is fused into molten slag 52, or poured into after solid slag melted outside stove in the lining electroslag furnace, 46 pairs of molten slags that melted 52 of starting electrode are heated in 1650 ℃～1800 ℃ required scopes, the Al in the metallized pellet 62 ₂O ₃, MgO, SiO ₂, CaO can be used as the electroslag furnace slag charge, then according to the matallurgical products specification of quality, allocates proper C aF into ₂, Al ₂O ₃, CaO, TiO ₂, MnO, SiO ₂, RE, RexOy, Na ₂B ₄O ₇, Na ₂O, SiCa, K ₂O, one or more materials among the Al, so that the gangue content in the pelletizing is adjusted, make it reach the requirement of the required slag charge composition of electroslag metallurgy, the intact coal of unburn enters in the high temperature slag bath and burns away in the pelletizing, both can play the effect of saves energy, can play the effect of deoxidation again, simultaneously, the CO gas that is produced behind the coal burning can also further promote the reduction of pelletizing, in melting process, specification of quality according to matallurgical products, be blown into an amount of oxygen by oxygen lance 56 and gas permeable brick 55 institute's molten metal liquid 60 is carried out decarburization, make the pure iron molten iron of being smelted reach required carbon content, be blown into an amount of argon gas by Argon pipe 58 and gas permeable brick 59 metal pool is stirred, make the molten metal of being smelted 60 reach required purity requirement, produce the pure iron molten iron of required specification of quality, smelt good pure iron molten iron and can pour hot metal ladle into and carry out die casting by being installed in lined furnace tipple 53 on the furnace body support, manufacture the pure iron product of desired size.The CO gas that is produced in the smelting process cools off metallized pellet with the bottom that together enters the cooled transition section from shaft furnace after waste heat that reclaims and cooling air mix by gas recovery pipe 45 in seal closure 49 and reduces.

Technological process among the other parts of technology and the embodiment 1 is omited together.

Know-why of the present invention: modern materials science studies have shown that, after particle reaches nano level or micron order, owing to lack adjacent atom around the surface atom, many dangling bondss are arranged, has nonsaturation, being easy to other atom combines and settles out, show very high chemically reactive, and after material reaches super-refinement, its surface atom or molecular arrangement and electron distributions structure and crystalline structure all change, and have produced the not available peculiar surface effects of piece (grain) shape material, small-size effect, quantum effect and macro quanta tunnel effect.On the other hand, when the powder volume was reduced to nano level, variation had also taken place in the character of material itself, because nanoparticle is by a unlimited atom or molecular composition, had changed numerous atom of former cause or molecular matrix attribute.When the de broglie wavelength of the size of nano material and conduction electron quite or more hour, periodic final condition is destroyed, magnetic, interior pressure, photoabsorption, thermal resistance, chemically reactive, catalytic and fusing point etc. are compared with common crystal grain, have physics, chemistry and surface and the interfacial property of a series of excellences.Thereby superfine iron powder has very big specific surface area, surface property and high surfactivity, exist surface effects and volume effect, to give and the diverse characteristic of bulk metal, it is fast to have a chemical reaction velocity, and dissolving and melting speed are fast, fusing point is low, reduction temperature is low, reduction ratio height, characteristic such as sintering characteristic is strong.Because reduction reaction temperature is at the following solid state reduction of the reflowing temperature of gangue, do not produce the fusing reaction in the reduction process, harmful element P, the S etc. in the reducing material mainly be retained in slag mutually in, thereby make the reduced iron of being produced P, S content is low, quality good.Simultaneously, because reduction temperature is low, make CO ₂, obnoxious flavour amounts such as SO, NO descend significantly, thereby reduced environmental pollution, help environment protection.

Embodiment 3: Fig. 3 is second equipment structure chart of the present invention, in Fig. 3, upper furnace body in the described reduction apparatus comprises internal heating jar 2, reducing gas outlet 3, add thermal reduction jar 4, heating air inlet hole 5, refractory brick 7, refractory fibre 9, reduction furnace shell 10, inside and outside heating tank air inlet port 11, fired coal combustion chamber 33, slag removing chamber 34, internal heating quirk 38, heating chamber 39, roasting reduction district 43, the reduction furnace shell, fire brick layer, add thermal reduction jar and internal heating jar suit successively, the reduction furnace shell is positioned at outermost layer, the internal heating jar is positioned at innermost layer, fired coal combustion chamber 33, slag removing chamber 34 is positioned at the lower end of upper furnace body, internal heating quirk 38 is positioned at internal heating jar 2 and adds the lower end of thermal reduction jar 4, between reduction furnace shell and fire brick layer, refractory fibre is arranged, it in fire brick layer heating chamber, internal heating jar and add between the thermal reduction jar and to be the roasting reduction district, epimere on the internal heating jar has the reducing gas outlet, at hypomere inside and outside heating tank air inlet port is arranged, adding outside has the heating air inlet hole on the thermal reduction jar; The part that upper furnace body stretches into protective guard is the V-shape structure, the middle part that adds thermal reduction jar and internal heating tank body is to having many oblique gas channels, the oblique gas channel of two tank bodies is V-shape to be arranged, upwards all has a plurality of and the airflow hole tank body hemistich at two tank body middle parts;

Adopt coal-fired heating, add the bottom of thermal reduction jar outside, along the combustion chamber that is symmetrically set with two fire coals of body of heater vertical line, the quirk of this combustion chamber is connected the outside that adds the thermal reduction jar and the center of internal heating pot bottom.

Equipment described in the other parts of equipment and the embodiment 2 omits together.

The process program that solves its technical problem is: described iron-bearing material; Be fine iron breeze.

Described catalytic additive is made up of fusing agent 15%, oxygenant 10%, catalysis burning-rate accelerator 30%, pore former 5%, nucleus reinforcer 5%, fusing assistant 30%, radical initiator 5%; Wherein, related and ratio all is weight percentage.

Described fusing agent is by boron-containing iron concentrate powder 55%, sodium tetraborate (NaB ₄O ₇10H ₂O) 30%, bentonite 15% is formed; Described oxygenant is a SODIUMNITRATE; Described catalysis burning-rate accelerator is sodium-chlor (NaCl); Described fusing assistant is fluorite (CaF ₂) 50%, yttrium oxide (Y ₂O ₃) 50% composition; Described nucleus reinforcer is cerium dioxide (CeO ₂); Described radical initiator is an alkoxylamine; Described pore former is a polyvinyl chloride.

Described reductive agent is the low ash content bituminous coal of low-sulfur; Described flux is slaked lime; Described caking agent is a water glass.

Described pelletizing material component proportioning (weight %) is: contain iron powder body 60%, reductive agent 20%, flux 5%, binding agent 10%, catalytic additive 5%; The grain graininess of pelletizing powder is 5um-75um, and wherein the granularity of 10-35um accounts for 90% of the used material total amount of pelletizing, and reduction reaction temperature is 900 ℃, and the reduction reaction time is 30 minutes.

Described fuel is bituminous coal or is hard coal.The coal gas that will burn changes into and adopts the coal direct heating, and with the gas pipe among the embodiment 25, burner noz(zle) 8 and internal heating gas pipe 20, internal heating burner noz(zle) 21 remove, and changes into fired coal combustion kiln 33, the kiln 34 of slagging tap, internal heating quirk 38.

Technological process in the other parts of technology and

embodiment

1 and 2 is omited together.

Embodiment 4: Fig. 4 is the 3rd equipment structure chart of the present invention, in Fig. 4, described smelting equipment is that heated by electrodes partly has the lining electroslag furnace, this stove is by refractory materials body of heater (65), water mold (70), take out and decide device (68) and power-supply system, electrode lifting device, scavenger system, seal closure is formed, refractory materials body of heater (65) be connected water mold (70) above, bottom in water mold (70) one sides is connected with water inlet pipe 69, top at water mold (70) opposite side is connected with water inlet pipe 74, side below refractory materials body of heater (65) is equipped with oxygen gas permeability brick (55), on oxygen gas permeability brick (55), be connected with oxygen hose (56), opposite side at bottom bottom electrode (57) is equipped with argon gas gas permeable brick (59), on argon gas gas permeable brick (59), be connected with tunger tube (58), be connected with end water tank (71) below the water mold (70), take out decide device (68) be connected end water tank (71) below, electrode (46) inserts in the refractory materials body of heater (65) that the lining electroslag furnace is partly arranged by electrode lifting device (47), on electrode (46), be connected with power supply (48), power switch (50), end power supply (51), end power supply (51) is connected last and electrode (48) the composition current supply circuit of end water tank (71), partly have in the lining electroslag furnace molten slag (52) and molten metal (60) are arranged, be connected with diversion trench (61) and pelletizing transfer roller (63) on the top that the lining electroslag furnace is partly arranged, in the outside that the lining electroslag furnace is arranged seal closure (49) is installed, be connected with gas recovery pipe (45) on the top of seal closure (49), gas recovery pipe (45) is connected with the waste heat recycle system pipeline that is connected shaft furnace cooled transition section (13) bottom, partly has lining electroslag furnace body of heater to be installed on the furnace body support (64).

The process program that solves its technical problem is:

At first with iron-bearing material and reductive agent, flux and catalytic additive mix, after mixing, be crushed to below 200 orders, join and carry out ball milling in the ball mill being crushed to compound below 200 orders, be prepared into the ultrafine powder of the 75um-5um with high-activity function, wherein granularity is that the powder of 10um-35um accounts for more than 85%, the ultrafine powder of the above-mentioned granularity for preparing is carried out passivation, in catalytic additive, add an amount of water-solubleization, obtain the aqueous solution, with the binding agent of the aqueous solution after melting and required dosage add jointly and mix the back in the ultrafine powder after the passivation and make pelletizing; Light outer heating and internal heating burner noz(zle) 8 and 21 of vertical reduction furnace, body of heater is heated.The pelletizing 40 that is made is sent in the vertical reduction furnace bonnet 27 of inside and outside heating of sealing with even velocity under sealed state through spiral blanking device 1, evenly loose arranging to is positioned on the oven dry pool furnace grate 25 of vertical reduction upper of furnace body, the hot gas of heating chamber 39 by the gas channel 3 offered on the tank body that adds thermal reduction jar 4 and internal heating jar 2 and 5 from below rise on the oven dry pool furnace grate 25 pelletizing 40 dried, pelletizing 40 motion from top to down and hot gas flow generation heat exchange of rising and enter CO, H in roast area 43 and the coal gas after super-dry ₂With the hydrocarbon reaction in the volatile matter, pelletizing 40 is further heated in the burning heat release, make pelletizing 40 that the oxygen loss reduction reaction take place, pelletizing 40 is under the acting in conjunction of reduction temperature and catalyzer, after reduction reaction, obtain the metallized pellet 37 that degree of metalization reaches 90%-95%, metallized pellet 37 continues to descend, enter cooled transition section 13, metallized pellet 37 continues to finish last a small amount of reaction, progressively descend and enter into cooled transition section 13 belows, waste heat recovery pipe 22,26 will react the waste hot gas that rises the back is drawn in the refining plant 24, after purifying treatment, pass through aerofoil fan 30 sucking-offs as combustion air, with the bottom that together enters cooled transition section 13 after cooling air that cooling blower 42 is blown into mixes metallized pellet 37 is cooled off, cooling air progressively rises and absorbs the heat of metallized pellet 37, forms oxygen containing high-temperature gas when arriving roast area 43, carries out combustion-supporting to the combustion gas in the reduction furnace 10.Circulation so successively, remaining waste gas enters atmosphere by chimney 28 after fly-ash separator 44 dedustings, metallized pellet 37 after pre-cooled enters in the cooling cylinder 16 below cooled transition section 13, regulate the cooling temperature of the metallization ball of coming out of the stove by regulating water-cooled intensity and cooling section cooling air quantity, make it in 500～900 ℃ of scopes, discharge cooling cylinder 16 by spiral discharging machine 18, the hot metal pellet 62 of discharging cooling cylinder 16 is transported to directly to import in the diversion trench 61 to have in the lining electroslag furnace body of heater 54 by transfer roller 63 melts smelting, open lining electroslag furnace power switch 50 is partly arranged, starting electrode lifting device 47, electrode 46 sent into partly to be had in the lining electroslag furnace refractory materials body of heater 65, the solid-state electroslag material energising that joins in the stove is fused into molten slag 52, or poured into after solid slag melted outside stove in the lining electroslag furnace, 46 pairs of molten slags that melted 52 of starting electrode are heated in 1650 ℃～1800 ℃ required scopes, the Al in the metallized pellet 62 ₂O ₃, MgO, SiO ₂, CaO can be used as the electroslag furnace slag charge, then according to the matallurgical products specification of quality, allocates proper C aF into ₂, Al ₂O ₃, CaO, TiO ₂, MnO, SiO ₂, RE, RexOy, Na ₂B ₄O ₇, Na ₂O, SiCa, K ₂O, one or more materials among the Al, so that the gangue content in the pelletizing is adjusted, make it reach the requirement of the required slag charge composition of electroslag metallurgy, in melting process, specification of quality according to matallurgical products, be blown into an amount of oxygen by oxygen lance 56 and gas permeable brick 55 institute's molten metal liquid 60 is carried out decarburization, make the pure iron of being smelted reach required carbon content, being blown into an amount of argon gas by Argon pipe 58 and gas permeable brick 59 stirs metal pool, make the molten metal of being smelted 60 reach required purity requirement, produce the high quality pure iron molten iron of required specification of quality, smelt good pure iron molten iron by water mold 70 crystallizations after by taking out the pure iron product 67 of deciding to cut into after device 68 is extracted out in the water mold 70 desired length.The CO gas that is produced in the smelting process cools off metallized pellet with the bottom that together enters the cooled transition section from shaft furnace after waste heat that reclaims and cooling air mix by gas recovery pipe 45 in seal closure 49 and reduces.

Described iron-bearing material: be steel rolling iron phosphorus.

Described catalytic additive is made up of fusing agent 10%, oxygenant 25%, catalysis burning-rate accelerator 25%, pore former 15%, nucleus reinforcer 10%, fusing assistant 10%, radical initiator 5%; Wherein, related and ratio all is weight percentage.

Described fusing agent is by boron-containing iron concentrate powder 70%, sodium tetraborate (NaB ₄O ₇10H ₂O) 15%, bentonite 15% is formed; Described oxygenant is by saltpetre; Described catalysis burning-rate accelerator is Repone K (KCl); Described fusing assistant is fluorite (CaF ₂) 50%, yttrium oxide (Y ₂O ₃) 50% composition; Described nucleus reinforcer is nitric acid (NaNO ₃); Described radical initiator is an aryl carbon metal-salt; Described pore former is a vermiculite.

Described reductive agent is a coking coal; Described flux is rhombspar; Described caking agent is a clay.

Described pelletizing material component proportioning (weight %) is: contain iron powder body 65%, reductive agent 25%, flux 3%, binding agent 5%, catalytic additive 2%; The grain graininess of pelletizing powder is 5um-75um, and wherein the granularity of 10-35um accounts for 90% of the used material total amount of pelletizing, and reduction reaction temperature is 500 ℃, and the reduction reaction time is 180 minutes.

Technology among the other parts of technology and the embodiment 1 is omited together.

Embodiment 5: Fig. 5 is the 4th equipment structure chart of the present invention, in Fig. 5, upper furnace body in the described reduction apparatus comprises internal heating jar 2, reducing gas outlet 3, add thermal reduction jar 4, heating air inlet hole 5, refractory brick 7, refractory fibre 9, reduction furnace shell 10, inside and outside heating tank air inlet port 11, fired coal combustion chamber 33, slag removing chamber 34, internal heating quirk 38, heating chamber 39, roasting reduction district 43, the reduction furnace shell, fire brick layer, add thermal reduction jar and internal heating jar suit successively, the reduction furnace shell is positioned at outermost layer, the internal heating jar is positioned at innermost layer, fired coal combustion chamber 33, slag removing chamber 34 is positioned at the lower end of upper furnace body, internal heating quirk 38 is positioned at internal heating jar 2 and adds the lower end of thermal reduction jar 4, between reduction furnace shell and fire brick layer, refractory fibre is arranged, it in fire brick layer heating chamber, internal heating jar and add between the thermal reduction jar and to be the roasting reduction district, epimere on the internal heating jar has the reducing gas outlet, at hypomere inside and outside heating tank air inlet port is arranged, adding outside has the heating air inlet hole on the thermal reduction jar; The part that upper furnace body stretches into protective guard is the V-shape structure, the middle part that adds thermal reduction jar and internal heating tank body is to having many oblique gas channels, the oblique gas channel of two tank bodies is V-shape to be arranged, upwards all has a plurality of and tank body parallel gas flow hole at two tank body middle parts;

Smelting equipment partly has the lining electroslag furnace for embodiment 4 described heated by electrodes.

The process program that solves its technical problem is: described iron-bearing material: be a kind of in the mud of ferruginous flue dust, layer.

Described catalytic additive is made up of fusing agent 20%, oxygenant 10%, catalysis burning-rate accelerator 20%, pore former 5%, nucleus reinforcer 20%, fusing assistant 15%, radical initiator 10%; Wherein, related and ratio all is weight percentage.

Described fusing agent is by boron-containing iron concentrate powder 60%, sodium tetraborate (NaB ₄O ₇10H2O) 30%, bentonite 10% is formed; Described oxygenant is by SODIUMNITRATE (NaNO ₃) 50%, saltpetre (KNO ₃) 50% composition; Described catalysis burning-rate accelerator is the mixture of sodium-chlor (NaCl), Repone K (KCl), and blending ratio is not limit; Described fusing assistant is fluorite (CaF ₂) 50%, yttrium oxide (Y2O3) 50% forms; Described nucleus reinforcer is cerium dioxide (CeO2); Described radical initiator is an alkoxylamine; Described pore former is a perlite.

Described reductive agent is a hard coal; Described flux is Wingdale; Described caking agent is a bentonite.

Described pelletizing material component proportioning (weight %) is: contain iron powder body 70%, reductive agent 20%, flux 8.9%, binding agent 1%, catalytic additive 0.1%; The grain graininess of pelletizing powder is 5um-75um, and wherein the granularity of 10-35um accounts for 90% of the used material total amount of pelletizing, and reduction reaction temperature is 1000 ℃, and the reduction reaction time is 100 minutes.

Technological process in the other parts of technology and

embodiment

1 and 4 is omited together.

Embodiment 6: Fig. 6 is the 5th equipment structure chart of the present invention, in Fig. 6, described smelting equipment is that the conducting ring heating partly has the lining electroslag furnace, this stove is by refractory materials body of heater (65), water mold (70), take out and decide device (68) and power-supply system, electrode lifting device, scavenger system, seal closure is formed, conducting ring (73) is installed below the refractory materials body of heater (65), bottom in conducting ring bottom (73) one sides is connected with water inlet pipe 72, top at conducting ring bottom (73) opposite side is connected with water inlet pipe 74, side below conducting ring (73) is equipped with oxygen gas permeability brick (55), on oxygen gas permeability brick (55), be connected with oxygen hose (56), opposite side at conducting ring (73) is equipped with argon gas gas permeable brick (59), on argon gas gas permeable brick (59), be connected with tunger tube (58), below oxygen gas permeability brick (55) and argon gas gas permeable brick (59), be connected with water mold (70), bottom in water mold (70) one sides is connected with water inlet pipe 69, top at water mold (70) opposite side is connected with water inlet pipe 74, below water mold (70), be connected with end water tank 71, take out decide device (68) be connected end water tank (71) below, power supply (48) is connected on the conducting ring (73), with power switch (50), end power supply (51) and end water tank (71) are formed current supply circuit, the conducting ring heating partly has in the lining electroslag furnace molten slag (52) and molten metal (60) is arranged, be connected with diversion trench (61) and pelletizing transfer roller (63) on the top that the lining electroslag furnace is partly arranged, in the outside that the lining electroslag furnace is arranged seal closure (49) is installed, top at seal closure (49) is connected with gas recovery pipe (45, gas recovery pipe (45) is connected with the waste heat recycle system pipeline that is connected shaft furnace cooled transition section (13) bottom, partly has lining electroslag furnace body of heater to be installed on the furnace body support (64).

The process program that solves its technical problem is:

At first with iron-bearing material and reductive agent, flux and catalytic additive mix, after mixing, be crushed to below 200 orders, join and carry out ball milling in the ball mill being crushed to compound below 200 orders, be prepared into the ultrafine powder of the 75um-5um with high-activity function, wherein granularity is that the powder of 10um-35um accounts for more than 85%, the ultrafine powder of the above-mentioned granularity for preparing is carried out passivation, in catalytic additive, add an amount of water-solubleization, obtain the aqueous solution, with the binding agent of the aqueous solution after melting and required dosage add jointly and mix the back in the ultrafine powder after the passivation and make pelletizing; Light outer heating and internal heating burner noz(zle) 8 and 21 of vertical reduction furnace, body of heater is heated.The pelletizing 40 that is made is sent in the vertical reduction furnace bonnet 27 of inside and outside heating of sealing with even velocity under sealed state through spiral blanking device 1, evenly loose arranging to is positioned on the oven dry pool furnace grate 25 of vertical reduction upper of furnace body, the hot gas of heating chamber 39 by the gas channel 3 offered on the tank body that adds thermal reduction jar 4 and internal heating jar 2 and 5 from below rise on the oven dry pool furnace grate 25 pelletizing 40 dried, pelletizing 40 motion from top to down and hot gas flow generation heat exchange of rising and enter CO, H in roast area 43 and the coal gas after super-dry ₂With the hydrocarbon reaction in the volatile matter, pelletizing 40 is further heated in the burning heat release, make pelletizing 40 that the oxygen loss reduction reaction take place, pelletizing 40 is under the acting in conjunction of 800 ℃ reduction temperature and catalyzer, after 150 minutes reduction reaction, obtain the metallized pellet 37 that degree of metalization reaches 90%-95%, metallized pellet 37 continues to descend, enter cooled transition section 13, metallized pellet 37 continues to finish last a small amount of reaction, progressively descend and enter into cooled transition section 13 belows, waste heat recovery pipe 22,26 will react the waste hot gas that rises the back is drawn in the refining plant 24, after purifying treatment, pass through aerofoil fan 30 sucking-offs as combustion air, with the bottom that together enters cooled transition section 13 after cooling air that cooling blower 42 is blown into mixes metallized pellet 37 is cooled off, cooling air progressively rises and absorbs the heat of metallized pellet 37, forms oxygen containing high-temperature gas when arriving roast area 43, carries out combustion-supporting to the combustion gas in the reduction furnace 10.Circulation so successively, remaining waste gas enters atmosphere by chimney 28 after fly-ash separator 44 dedustings, metallized pellet 37 after pre-cooled enters in the cooling cylinder 16 below cooled transition section 13, regulate the cooling temperature of the metallization ball of coming out of the stove by regulating water-cooled intensity and cooling section cooling air quantity, make it in 500～900 ℃ of scopes, discharge cooling cylinder 16 by spiral discharging machine 18, the hot metal pellet 62 of discharging cooling cylinder 16 is transported to by transfer roller 63 directly imports the conducting rings heating in the diversion trench 61 and partly have in the lining electroslag furnace refractory materials body of heater 65 and melt smelting, open the conducting ring heating lining electroslag furnace power switch 50 is partly arranged, connection is connected the power supply (48) on the conducting ring 73, end power supply (51) and end water tank (71) are formed current supply circuit, the solid-state electroslag material that joins in the stove is become molten slag 52 by conducting ring 73 energising heat fused, or poured into after solid slag melted outside stove in the lining electroslag furnace, be heated in 1650 ℃～1800 ℃ required scopes Al in the metallized pellet 62 by 73 pairs of molten slags that melted 52 of conducting ring ₂O ₃, MgO, SiO ₂, CaO can be used as the electroslag furnace slag charge, then according to the matallurgical products specification of quality, allocates proper C aF into ₂, Al ₂O ₃, CaO, TiO ₂, MnO, SiO ₂, RE, RexOy, Na ₂B ₄O ₇, Na ₂O, SiCa, K ₂O, one or more materials among the Al, so that the gangue content in the pelletizing is adjusted, make it reach the requirement of the required slag charge composition of electroslag metallurgy, the intact coal of unburn enters in the high temperature slag bath and burns away in the pelletizing, both can play the effect of saves energy, can play the effect of deoxidation again, simultaneously, the CO gas that is produced behind the coal burning can also further promote the reduction of pelletizing, in melting process, specification of quality according to matallurgical products, be blown into an amount of oxygen by oxygen lance 56 and gas permeable brick 55 institute's molten metal liquid 60 is carried out decarburization, make the pure iron of being smelted reach required carbon content, being blown into an amount of argon gas by Argon pipe 58 and gas permeable brick 59 stirs metal pool, make the molten metal of being smelted 60 reach required purity requirement, produce the pure iron molten iron of required specification of quality, smelt good pure iron molten iron by water mold 70 crystallizations after by taking out the pure iron product 67 of deciding to cut into after device 68 is extracted out in the water mold 70 desired length.The CO gas that is produced in the smelting process cools off metallized pellet with the bottom that together enters the cooled transition section from shaft furnace after waste heat that reclaims and cooling air mix by gas recovery pipe 45 in seal closure 49 and reduces.

Described iron-bearing material: be iron content sulfate slag, red mud.

Described pelletizing material component proportioning (weight %) is: contain iron powder body 65%, reductive agent 25%, flux 3%, binding agent 5%, catalytic additive 2%; The grain graininess of pelletizing powder is 5um-75um, and wherein the granularity of 10-35um accounts for 90% of the used material total amount of pelletizing, and reduction reaction temperature is 800 ℃, and the reduction reaction time is 150 minutes.

Embodiment 7, Fig. 7 is the 6th equipment structure chart of the present invention, in Fig. 7, upper furnace body in the described reduction apparatus comprises internal heating jar 2, reducing gas outlet 3, add thermal reduction jar 4, heating air inlet hole 5, refractory brick 7, refractory fibre 9, reduction furnace shell 10, inside and outside heating tank air inlet port 11, fired coal combustion chamber 33, slag removing chamber 34, internal heating quirk 38, heating chamber 39, roasting reduction district 43, the reduction furnace shell, fire brick layer, add thermal reduction jar and internal heating jar suit successively, the reduction furnace shell is positioned at outermost layer, the internal heating jar is positioned at innermost layer, fired coal combustion chamber 33, slag removing chamber 34 is positioned at the lower end of upper furnace body, internal heating quirk 38 is positioned at internal heating jar 2 and adds the lower end of thermal reduction jar 4, between reduction furnace shell and fire brick layer, refractory fibre is arranged, it in fire brick layer heating chamber, internal heating jar and add between the thermal reduction jar and to be the roasting reduction district, epimere on the internal heating jar has the reducing gas outlet, at hypomere inside and outside heating tank air inlet port is arranged, adding outside has the heating air inlet hole on the thermal reduction jar; The part that upper furnace body stretches into protective guard is the V-shape structure, the middle part that adds thermal reduction jar and internal heating tank body is to having many oblique gas channels, the oblique gas channel of two tank bodies is V-shape to be arranged, upwards all has a plurality of and tank body parallel gas flow hole at two tank body middle parts;

Equipment described in the other parts of equipment and

embodiment

2,3 and 6 omits together.

The process program that solves its technical problem is:

The process program that solves its technical problem is: described iron-bearing material: for add the iron phosphorus of 90%-10% in the fine iron breeze of 10%-90%;

Described catalytic additive is made up of fusing agent 35%, oxygenant 10%, catalysis burning-rate accelerator 10%, pore former 5%, nucleus reinforcer 5%, fusing assistant 30%, radical initiator 5%; Wherein, related and ratio all is weight percentage.

Described fusing agent is by boron-containing iron concentrate powder 58%, sodium tetraborate (NaB ₄O ₇10H ₂O) 22%, bentonite 20% is formed; Described oxygenant is a SODIUMNITRATE; Described catalysis burning-rate accelerator is Repone K (KCl); Described fusing assistant is fluorite (CaF ₂) 50%, yttrium oxide (Y ₂O ₃) 50% composition; Described nucleus reinforcer is nitric acid (NaNO ₃); Described radical initiator is an aryl carbon metal-salt; Described pore former is a vermiculite.

Described reductive agent is a coke powder; Described flux is slaked lime; Described caking agent is a spent pulping liquor.

Described pelletizing material component proportioning (weight %) is: contain iron powder body 60%, reductive agent 20%, flux 5%, binding agent 10%, catalytic additive 5%; The grain graininess of pelletizing powder is 5um-75um, and wherein the granularity of 10-35um accounts for 90% of the used material total amount of pelletizing, and reduction reaction temperature is 950 ℃, and the reduction reaction time is 85 minutes.

Be double vertical arranged with adding thermal reduction jar 3 inside and outside the circle, the same heat tunnel of the common use of each body of heater.

Technology among the other parts of technology and the embodiment 6 is omited together.

Embodiment 8, and Fig. 8 is the vertical reduction furnace layout of equipment of the inside and outside heating of

embodiment

2,3,4,5,6,7.In Fig. 8, described upper furnace body is porous one a passage furnace binding, and the arrangement form of body of heater is a single passage; Add thermal reduction jar and internal heating jar and in upper furnace body, be distributed with 4, the middle and lower part that adds the tank body of thermal reduction jar and internal heating jar outside has 20 and is oblique air inlet/outlet with the tank body vertical line, have the air inlet/outlet that is arranged in parallel with tank body in the middle and upper part of tank body, its air inlet/outlet uniform distribution on tank body; Add the circle that is shaped as of thermal reduction jar; Adding the thermal reduction jar uses material to make as the refractory brick material.

Add the thermal reduction jar inside and outside this equipment for circular, be the single vertical arranged of body of heater, among the figure 1-1 be well heater, 1-2 be add the thermal reduction jar inside and outside external furnace body, 1-3 are, 1-4 is a heating chamber, each body of heater is common to use same heat tunnel.During production, at each internal heating jar with add in the thermal reduction jar common implementing or implement separately.

The process program that solves its technical problem is: described iron-bearing material: for for adding the fine iron breeze of 90%-10% among a kind of in the ferruginous flue dust of 10%-90%, layer mud;

Described pelletizing material component proportioning (weight %) is: contain iron powder body 70%, reductive agent 20%, flux 8.9%, binding agent 1%, catalytic additive 0.1%; The grain graininess of pelletizing powder is 5um-75um, and wherein the granularity of 10-35um accounts for 90% of the used material total amount of pelletizing, and reduction reaction temperature is 1050 ℃, and the reduction reaction time is 95 minutes.

When producing, adopt the technology of embodiment 1 can inside and outside each, add common implementing or enforcement separately among the thermal reduction jar 1-3.

Technology among the other parts of technology and the embodiment 2 is omited together.

Embodiment 9: Fig. 8 is the vertical reduction furnace layout of equipment of the inside and outside heating of embodiment 2,3,4,5,6,7,8.In Fig. 9, described upper furnace body is porous one a passage furnace binding, the arrangement form of body of heater is that two rows, one passage is vertically arranged, inside and outside add the thermal reduction jar for circular, among the figure 1-1 be well heater, 1-2 be add the thermal reduction jar inside and outside external furnace body, 1-3 are, 1-4 is a heating chamber, each body of heater is common to use same heat tunnel; Add thermal reduction jar and internal heating jar and in upper furnace body, be distributed with 8, the middle and lower part that adds the tank body of thermal reduction jar and internal heating jar outside has 20 and is oblique air inlet/outlet with the tank body vertical line, have the air inlet/outlet that is arranged in parallel with tank body in the middle and upper part of tank body, its air inlet/outlet uniform distribution on tank body; Add the circle that is shaped as of thermal reduction jar; Adding the thermal reduction jar uses material to be SiC and two kinds of mixing material manufacturings of refractory brick material.

Equipment described in the other parts of equipment and the embodiment 1 omits together.

The process program that solves its technical problem is: described iron-bearing material: be any one or two kinds of iron-bearing materials that will be wherein in ferruginous iron phosphorus, flue dust, the layer mud mixture after according to certain ratio proportioning, blending ratio is not limit;

Described pelletizing material component proportioning (weight %) is: contain iron powder body 70%, reductive agent 20%, flux 8.9%, binding agent 1%, catalytic additive 0.1%; The grain graininess of pelletizing powder is 5um-75um, and wherein the granularity of 10-35um accounts for 90% of the used material total amount of pelletizing, and reduction reaction temperature is 1000 ℃, and the reduction reaction time is 110 minutes.

Embodiment 10: Fig. 8 is the vertical reduction furnace layout of equipment of the inside and outside heating of

embodiment

2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9.In Figure 10, described upper furnace body is for being porous one passage furnace binding, and the arrangement form of body of heater is a single passage; Add thermal reduction jar and internal heating jar and in upper furnace body, be distributed with 4, the middle and lower part that adds the tank body of thermal reduction jar and internal heating jar outside has 10-50 and is oblique air inlet/outlet with the tank body vertical line, have the air inlet/outlet that is arranged in parallel with tank body in the middle and upper part of tank body, its air inlet/outlet uniform distribution on tank body; Add the rectangle that is shaped as of thermal reduction jar; Adding the thermal reduction jar uses material to make as the refractory brick material.The same heat tunnel of the common use of each body of heater.

Described pelletizing material component proportioning (weight %) is: contain iron powder body 60%, reductive agent 20%, flux 5%, binding agent 10%, catalytic additive 5%; The grain graininess of pelletizing powder is 5um-75um, and wherein the granularity of 10-35um accounts for 90% of the used material total amount of pelletizing, and reduction reaction temperature is 980 ℃, and the reduction reaction time is 80 minutes.

Embodiment 11: Fig. 8 is the vertical reduction furnace layout of equipment of the inside and outside heating of

embodiment

2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10.In Figure 11, described upper furnace body is for being porous one passage furnace binding, and the arrangement form of body of heater is a double passage; Add thermal reduction jar and internal heating jar and in upper furnace body, be distributed with 8, the middle and lower part that adds the tank body of thermal reduction jar and internal heating jar outside has 10-50 and is oblique air inlet/outlet with the tank body vertical line, have the air inlet/outlet that is arranged in parallel with tank body in the middle and upper part of tank body, its air inlet/outlet uniform distribution on tank body; Add the rectangle that is shaped as of thermal reduction jar; Adding the thermal reduction jar uses material to make as the refractory brick material.The same heat tunnel of the common use of each body of heater.

The process program that solves its technical problem is: described iron-bearing material: be the mixture iron-bearing material after the iron content flue dust that adds 90%-10% in the fine iron breeze of 10%-90%, any one or the two kinds of proportionings in the layer mud;

Claims

1, a kind of smelting technology of pure iron is characterized in that: iron-bearing material is mixed with reductive agent, flux, catalytic additive, be crushed to below 200 orders after mixing, make compound; Then compound is joined and carry out ball milling in the ball mill, be prepared into ultrafine powder, ultrafine powder is carried out passivation; In catalytic additive, add water-solubleization, obtain the aqueous solution,, cause the pelletizing material after mixing ultrafine powder, the aqueous solution and binding agent mixed together; Light the fuel in the inside and outside well heater in the vertical reduction furnace, the pelletizing material that is made is sent in the reduction furnace through helical screw feeder, evenly loosely is arranged to and is dried on the pool furnace grate, the pelletizing material is dried, the pelletizing material is through the laggard capable roasting of super-dry, in roast area with combustion gas in CO, H ₂With the hydrocarbon reaction in the volatile matter, the pelletizing material is under 500 ℃-1100 ℃ the reduction temperature and under the acting in conjunction of catalyzer, after 15-180 minute reduction reaction, obtain the metallized pellet that degree of metalization reaches 90-95%, metallized pellet enters the cooled transition section; Waste-heat recovery device will react the hot gas that rises the back as combustion air with together metallized pellet is cooled off after cooling air mixes, the cooling air that is blown into absorbs the heat of metallized pellet, when arriving roast area, form oxygen containing high-temperature gas, carry out combustion-supporting to the combustion gas in the reduction furnace, circulation so successively, remaining waste gas enters atmosphere by chimney after dedusting, metallized pellet after pre-cooled enters in the cooling cylinder below the cooled transition section, regulate the cooling temperature of the metallization ball of coming out of the stove by regulating water-cooled intensity and cooling section cooling air quantity, make it in 500～900 ℃ of scopes, discharge cooling cylinder by spiral discharging machine, the hot metal pellet of discharging cooling cylinder directly imported the lining electroslag furnace to be arranged or partly have in the lining electroslag furnace in the diversion trench by conveyor delivery directly melt smelting, opened lining electroslag furnace power switch, the starting electrode lifting device, electrode has been sent in the lining electroslag furnace, the solid-state electroslag material energising that joins in the stove is fused into molten slag, or poured into after solid slag melted outside stove in the lining electroslag furnace, starting electrode or conducting ring are heated in 1650 ℃～1800 ℃ required scopes the molten slag that is melted, the Al in the metallized pellet ₂O ₃, MgO, SiO ₂, CaO can be used as the electroslag furnace slag charge, then according to the matallurgical products specification of quality, allocates proper C aF into ₂, Al ₂O ₃, CaO, TiO ₂, MnO, SiO ₂, RE, RexOy, Na ₂B ₄O ₇, Na ₂O, SiCa, K ₂O, one or more materials among the Al, so that the gangue content in the pelletizing is adjusted, make it reach the requirement of the required slag charge composition of electroslag metallurgy, in melting process, specification of quality according to matallurgical products, be blown into an amount of oxygen by oxygen hose and gas permeable brick institute's molten metal liquid is carried out decarburization, make the pure iron of being smelted reach required carbon content, being blown into an amount of argon gas by tunger tube and gas permeable brick stirs metal pool, make the pure iron of being smelted reach required purity requirement, produce the pure iron molten iron of required specification of quality, smelt good pure iron molten iron and can pour hot metal ladle into and carry out die casting by being installed in lined furnace tipple on the furnace body support, manufacture the pure iron product of desired size, or by after the water mold crystallization by taking out the product of deciding to cut into after device is extracted out in the water mold desired length.

2, according to the smelting technology of claim 1 described pure iron, it is characterized in that: described pure iron raw material: be fine iron breeze, iron phosphorus, iron oxide red, iron dust containing, sulfate slag, red mud, use wherein any one; Perhaps the iron-bearing material more than two kinds or two kinds mixes use, and blending ratio is not limit; The fine iron breeze that perhaps adds 10%-90% in a kind of or multiple iron-bearing material in the iron phosphorus of 10%-90%, iron oxide red, iron dust containing perhaps adds a kind of or multiple iron-bearing material in the iron phosphorus, iron oxide red, iron dust containing of 10%-90% in the fine iron breeze of 10%-90%;

3, according to the smelting technology of claim 1 described pure iron, it is characterized in that: the material proportion of described catalytic additive (weight percent) is made up of fusing agent 10-50%, oxygenant 10-30%, catalysis burning-rate accelerator 10-30%, pore former 5-15%, nucleus reinforcer 5-20%, fusing assistant 15-30%, radical initiator 5-10%; Wherein (all be weight percentage):

4, according to the smelting technology of claim 1 described pure iron, it is characterized in that: described reductive agent is that fixed carbon is greater than 65wt%, ash content is less than 15wt%, and volatilization is divided into any one in the low ash content bituminous coal of hard coal, low-sulfur, coking coal, coke powder of 20～30wt%, or the mixture more than two kinds;

Described flux is any one in lime, slaked lime, rhombspar, the Wingdale;

Described caking agent is any one in wilkinite, water glass, withered soil, bentonite, the spent pulping liquor; Perhaps be the mixture more than two kinds, blending ratio is not limit;

Described pelletizing material component proportioning (weight %) is: contain iron powder body 75%, reductive agent 20%, flux 3%, binding agent 1%, catalytic additive 1%; The grain graininess of pelletizing powder is 5um-75um, and wherein the granularity of 10-35um accounts for 90% of the used material total amount of pelletizing, and reduction reaction temperature is 1100 ℃, and the reduction reaction time is 90 minutes;

Described fuel is coal gas or for bituminous coal or for hard coal;

Described decarbonization process is blown into oxygen decarburization, is blown into the argon gas stirring for comprising by gas permeable brick in molten bath and slag bath, or the mixed gas that is blown into argon gas and oxygen carries out decarburization, or by add 20% rhombohedral iron ore in slag, 20% iron phosphorus is mixed with the oxidisability slag and carries out decarburization;

Described have the refinery practice of lining electroslag furnace to comprise that also being blown into the employing Argon by gas permeable brick in molten bath and slag bath stirs refining;

5, a kind of equipment of realizing the smelting technology of pure iron, it is characterized in that: this equipment is made up of reduction apparatus and smelting equipment two cover systems, wherein reduction apparatus adopts the vertical furnace body structure, this reduction apparatus includes furnace base (12), upper furnace body, lower furnace body, last bonnet, oven dry pool furnace grate (25), sealing blanking device (1), refining plant and and the waste heat circulation device, above furnace base, be connected with upper furnace body, below furnace base, be connected with lower furnace body, be connected with bonnet in the upper end of upper furnace body, oven dry pool furnace grate is positioned at the upper furnace body upper end, refining plant is connected with lower furnace body with upper furnace body by pipeline, and the waste heat circulation device is connected with lower furnace body;

Smelting equipment is formed by being blown into system, electrode and seal closure by lining electroslag furnace, electroslag furnace power supply system, electrode lifting device, gas, the lining electroslag furnace is arranged according to the smelting requirements difference, and employing has the lining electroslag furnace, partly has the lining electroslag furnace to smelt.

6, equipment according to the smelting technology of claim 5 described pure iron, it is characterized in that: the upper furnace body in the described reduction apparatus comprises internal heating jar (2), reducing gas outlet (3), add thermal reduction jar (4), heating air inlet hole (5), gas pipe (6), refractory brick (7), gas jet (8), refractory fibre (9), reduction furnace shell (10), inside and outside heating tank air inlet port (11), internal heating gas pipe (20), internal heating gas jet (21), heating chamber (39), roasting reduction district (43), the reduction furnace shell, fire brick layer, add thermal reduction jar and internal heating jar suit successively, the reduction furnace shell is positioned at outermost layer, the internal heating jar is positioned at innermost layer, at internal heating jar center the internal heating gas pipe is arranged, the end of internal heating gas pipe is connected with the internal heating gas jet, between reduction furnace shell and fire brick layer, refractory fibre is arranged, it in fire brick layer heating chamber, there is gas pipe to pass the reduction furnace shell, refractory fibre and fire brick layer, the gas pipe end is connected with gas jet, gas jet is positioned at heating chamber, internal heating jar and add between the thermal reduction jar and to be the roasting reduction district, epimere on the internal heating jar has the reducing gas outlet, at hypomere inside and outside heating tank air inlet port is arranged, adding outside has the heating air inlet hole on the thermal reduction jar; The part that upper furnace body stretches into protective guard is the V-shape structure, the middle part that adds thermal reduction jar and internal heating tank body is to having many oblique gas channels, the oblique gas channel of two tank bodies is V-shape to be arranged, upwards all has a plurality of and tank body parallel gas flow hole at two tank body middle parts;

Perhaps described upper furnace body comprises internal heating jar (2), reducing gas outlet (3), add thermal reduction jar (4), heating air inlet hole (5), refractory brick (7), refractory fibre (9), reduction furnace shell (10), inside and outside heating tank air inlet port (11), fired coal combustion chamber (33), slag removing chamber (34), internal heating quirk (38), heating chamber (39), roasting reduction district (43), the reduction furnace shell, fire brick layer, add thermal reduction jar and internal heating jar suit successively, the reduction furnace shell is positioned at outermost layer, the internal heating jar is positioned at innermost layer, fired coal combustion chamber (33), slag removing chamber (34) is positioned at the lower end of upper furnace body, internal heating quirk (38) is positioned at internal heating jar (2) and adds the lower end of thermal reduction jar (4), between reduction furnace shell and fire brick layer, refractory fibre is arranged, in fire brick layer for adding heating kiln, internal heating jar and add between the thermal reduction jar and to be the roasting reduction district, epimere on the internal heating jar has the reducing gas outlet, at hypomere inside and outside heating tank air inlet port is arranged, adding outside has the heating air inlet hole on the thermal reduction jar; The part that upper furnace body stretches into protective guard is the V-shape structure, the middle part that adds thermal reduction jar and internal heating tank body is to having many oblique gas channels, the oblique gas channel of two tank bodies is V-shape to be arranged, upwards all has a plurality of and tank body parallel gas flow hole at two tank body middle parts;

Described upper furnace body is single hole one a passage furnace binding, and perhaps upper furnace body is porous one a passage furnace binding; The arrangement form of body of heater is a single passage, and perhaps the arrangement form of body of heater is many row's one passages; Add thermal reduction jar and internal heating jar and in upper furnace body, be distributed with 150, the middle and lower part that adds the tank body of thermal reduction jar and internal heating jar outside has 10-50 and is oblique air inlet/outlet with the tank body vertical line, have the air inlet/outlet that is arranged in parallel with tank body in the middle and upper part of tank body, its air inlet/outlet uniform distribution on tank body; Add being shaped as circle or being rectangle of thermal reduction jar; Add the thermal reduction jar and use material to make, perhaps adopt two kinds of material co-manufactured as SiC or refractory brick material;

Described lower furnace body comprises that cooled transition section (13), spiral discharging machine (18), discharge port (29), body of heater support (31), inside and outside heating tank supports (32), the cooled transition section is positioned at the internal heating jar and adds the bottom of thermal reduction jar, in the cooled transition section is the fired coal combustion chamber, the fired coal combustion chamber is connected with the roasting reduction district of upper furnace body, body of heater supports and is positioned at the outside, inside and outside heating tank supports and is positioned at the center, bottom in the cooled transition section is connected with spiral discharging machine, at an end of spiral discharging machine discharge port is arranged;

7, equipment according to the smelting technology of claim 5 described pure iron, it is characterized in that: described refining plant comprises waste heat transfer lime (19), middle waste heat recovery pipe (22), last waste heat recovery pipe (26), aerofoil fan (30), right cooling duct (36), right cooling blower (41), the waste heat recovery pipe is connected with last bonnet on passing through in the upper end of refining plant, in the middle part of refining plant by middle waste heat recovery pipe coupling in the upper furnace body upper end, last waste heat recovery pipe (26) and middle waste heat recovery pipe all feed to the roasting reduction district, bottom at refining plant feeds to the fired coal combustion of lower furnace body indoor by the waste heat transfer lime, on the waste heat transfer lime, be connected with aerofoil fan, on the waste heat transfer lime below the aerofoil fan, be connected with right cooling duct, on right cooling duct, be connected with right cooling blower; Described waste heat circulation device comprises left waste heat transfer lime (14), water outlet (15), cooling cylinder (16), water-in (17), left cooling duct (35), left cooling blower (42), cooling cylinder is arranged outside lower furnace body, water-in and water outlet are arranged on cooling cylinder, left side waste heat transfer lime feeds to the fired coal combustion of lower furnace body indoor, on left waste heat transfer lime, be connected with left aerofoil fan, on the left waste heat transfer lime below the left aerofoil fan, be connected with left cooling duct (35), be connected with left cooling blower (42) on the left cooling duct.

8, according to the equipment of the smelting technology of claim 5 described pure iron, it is characterized in that: the electroslag furnace in the described smelting equipment is according to the difference of the mode of smelting, and being divided into has the lining electroslag furnace, two kinds of bodies of heater of lining electroslag furnace are partly arranged;

Described have lining electroslag furnace body of heater (54) to be located on the lining electroslag furnace body of heater tilting mechanism (53), be connected with bottom electrode (57) in the bottom that lining electroslag furnace body of heater (54) is arranged, by electrode lifting device (47) electrode (46) is inserted with in the lining electroslag furnace, on electrode (46), be connected with power supply (48), power switch (50), end power supply (51), end power supply (51) is connected last and electrode (46) the composition current supply circuit of bottom electrode (57), side at the bottom bottom electrode (57) that lining electroslag furnace body of heater (54) is arranged is equipped with oxygen gas permeability brick (55), on oxygen gas permeability brick (55), be connected with oxygen hose (56), opposite side at bottom bottom electrode (57) is equipped with argon gas gas permeable brick (59), on argon gas gas permeable brick (59), be connected with tunger tube (58), have in the lining electroslag furnace molten slag (52) and molten metal (60) are arranged, be connected with diversion trench (61) and pelletizing transfer roller (63) on the top that the lining electroslag furnace is arranged, in the outside that the lining electroslag furnace is arranged seal closure (49) is installed, be connected with gas recovery pipe (45) on the top of seal closure (49), gas recovery pipe (45) is connected with the waste heat recycle system pipeline that is connected shaft furnace cooled transition section (13) bottom, has lining electroslag furnace body of heater tilting mechanism (53) to be installed on the furnace body support (64);

Described heated by electrodes partly has the lining electroslag furnace by refractory materials body of heater (65), water mold (70), take out and decide device (68) and power-supply system, electrode lifting device, scavenger system, seal closure is formed, refractory materials body of heater (65) be connected water mold (70) above, bottom in water mold (70) one sides is connected with water inlet pipe 69, top at water mold (70) opposite side is connected with water inlet pipe 74, side below refractory materials body of heater (65) is equipped with oxygen gas permeability brick (55), on oxygen gas permeability brick (55), be connected with oxygen hose (56), opposite side at bottom bottom electrode (57) is equipped with argon gas gas permeable brick (59), on argon gas gas permeable brick (59), be connected with tunger tube (58), be connected with end water tank (71) below the water mold (70), take out decide device (68) be connected end water tank (71) below, electrode (46) inserts in the refractory materials body of heater (65) that the lining electroslag furnace is partly arranged by electrode lifting device (47), on electrode (46), be connected with power supply (48), power switch (50), end power supply (51), end power supply (51) is connected last and electrode (48) the composition current supply circuit of end water tank (71), partly have in the lining electroslag furnace molten slag (52) and molten metal (60) are arranged, be connected with diversion trench (61) and pelletizing transfer roller (63) on the top that the lining electroslag furnace is partly arranged, in the outside that the lining electroslag furnace is arranged seal closure (49) is installed, be connected with gas recovery pipe (45) on the top of seal closure (49), gas recovery pipe (45) is connected with the waste heat recycle system pipeline that is connected shaft furnace cooled transition section (13) bottom, partly has lining electroslag furnace body of heater to be installed on the furnace body support (64);

Described conducting ring heating partly has the lining electroslag furnace below refractory materials body of heater (65) conducting ring (73) to be installed, bottom in conducting ring bottom (73) one sides is connected with water inlet pipe 72, top at conducting ring bottom (73) opposite side is connected with water inlet pipe 74, side below conducting ring (73) is equipped with oxygen gas permeability brick (55), on oxygen gas permeability brick (55), be connected with oxygen hose (56), opposite side at conducting ring (73) is equipped with argon gas gas permeable brick (59), on argon gas gas permeable brick (59), be connected with tunger tube (58), below oxygen gas permeability brick (55) and argon gas gas permeable brick (59), be connected with water mold (70), bottom in water mold (70) one sides is connected with water inlet pipe 69, top at water mold (70) opposite side is connected with water inlet pipe 74, below water mold (70), be connected with end water tank 71, take out decide device (68) be connected end water tank (71) below, power supply (48) is connected on the conducting ring (73), with power switch (50), end power supply (51) and end water tank (71) are formed current supply circuit.

9, according to the equipment of the smelting technology of claim 5 described pure iron, it is characterized in that: described to have the lining electroslag furnace that the lined furnace body of heater (54) of lining in the electroslag furnace partly arranged be to form by the refractory materials ramming of high temperature resistant, the anti-slagging of retractory or by fire-resistant brick casting, its geometrical shape can also be circle, rectangle, square for promptly can be ellipse;

The described power supply (48) that the lining electroslag furnace is arranged, partly the lining electroslag furnace is arranged can also be single-phase low voltage, high-current supply, the preferred triple-phase power supply for three-phase low voltage, high-current supply;

Described have the lining electroslag furnace, partly have the lining electroslag furnace electrode (46) material be Graphite Electrodes, can also be metallic substance consumable electrode or resistant to elevated temperatures conducting ceramic material;

Described have the lining electroslag furnace, partly have the lining electroslag furnace electrode lifting device (47) have electrode clamping, electrode oscilaltion, electrode rotating mechanism;

Described partly have the conducting ring (72) in the lining electroslag furnace to be the recirculated water cooling structure, material is copper material, nonmagnetic steel, stainless steel or the soft steel of conduction, be connected with conducting ring water inlet pipe (71) in the bottom of conducting ring (72), be connected with conducting ring rising pipe (73) on the top of conducting ring.

10, according to the equipment of the smelting technology of claim 5 described pure iron, it is characterized in that; Described gas permeable brick air penetrability is 26～30%, and oxygen blast gas, blowing argon gas pressure are 6～8Kg/cm ²