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CN111439011B - 一种电缆沟用高强阻燃型塑料盖板材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种电缆沟用高强阻燃型塑料盖板材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111439011B
CN111439011B CN202010139934.9A CN202010139934A CN111439011B CN 111439011 B CN111439011 B CN 111439011B CN 202010139934 A CN202010139934 A CN 202010139934A CN 111439011 B CN111439011 B CN 111439011B
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layer
following components
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retardant
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CN111439011A (zh
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颜录科
吉凌仝
骆春佳
赖金星
陆钰铨
王朝杰
冯志华
许瑞宁
王书涛
罗燕平
文展
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Changan University
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种电缆沟用高强阻燃型塑料盖板材料及其制备方法，其中所述盖板材料依次包括阻燃层，第一发泡层，基层，第二发泡层和表层，所述盖板通过将阻燃层，第一发泡层，基层，第二发泡层和表层按顺序层叠热压制备得到。所述基层为提高盖板的强度设置，提高盖板的耐冲击性，耐弯折性，阻燃层设置在盖板的里层，提高盖板的阻燃性能以及隔热性能；所述表层能够提高盖板的耐老性，耐温性，以及耐磨性能，同时第一发泡层和第二发泡层分别位于阻燃层，基层，表层之间，能够提高三层的结合力，平衡三层之间的应力，提高盖板材料的抗弯性能，同时提高盖板的隔热性能以及使高强盖板更加的轻质化。本发明的盖板，具有良好的机械性能，阻燃性，耐老性等性能。

Description

一种电缆沟用高强阻燃型塑料盖板材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电缆沟用高强阻燃型塑料盖板材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
电缆槽盖板模具材质基本上就两种，ABS树脂颗粒和PP聚丙烯塑料,PP塑料(聚丙烯)是继尼龙之后发展的又一优良树脂品种，PP有良好的耐应力开裂性，有很高的弯曲疲劳寿命，俗称“百折胶”。ABS工程塑料即PC+ABS(工程塑料合金)，在化工业的中文名字叫塑料合金，ABS树脂颗粒一般是不透明的，外观呈浅象牙色、无毒、无味，兼有韧、硬、刚的特性，有极好的冲击强度、尺寸稳定性好的等优点。对于盖板的发展，依然追求更廉价，更轻质，更高强度以及更高阻燃性的需求。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种电缆沟用高强阻燃型塑料盖板材料及其制备方法，其中所述盖板材料依次包括阻燃层，第一发泡层，基层，第二发泡层和表层，所述盖板通过将阻燃层，第一发泡层，基层，第二发泡层和表层按顺序层叠热压制备得到。所述基层为提高盖板的强度设置，提高盖板的耐冲击性，耐弯折性，阻燃层设置在盖板的里层，提高盖板的阻燃性能以及隔热性能；所述表层能够提高盖板的耐老性，耐温性，以及耐磨性能，同时第一发泡层和第二发泡层分别位于阻燃层，基层，表层之间，能够提高三层的结合力，平衡三层之间的应力，提高盖板材料的抗弯性能，同时提高盖板的隔热性能以及使高强盖板更加的轻质化。本发明的盖板，具有良好的机械性能，阻燃性，耐老性等性能。
具体的方案如下：
一种电缆沟用高强阻燃型塑料盖板材料，其特征在于：所述盖板材料依次包括阻燃层，第一发泡层，基层，第二发泡层和表层，所述盖板通过将阻燃层，第一发泡层，基层，第二发泡层和表层按顺序层叠热压制备得到；所述阻燃层由以下组分组成：聚乙烯60-70份，硅烷偶联剂2-4份，纳米氢氧化铝40-44份，聚磷酸铵13-17份，聚乙烯醇5-7份、玻璃纤维22-28份、阻燃剂13-17份；所述阻燃剂由以下成分组成：碳酸氢钠4-8份、埃洛石纳米管3-6份、钛白粉0.5-2份、和季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯1-3份；
所述第一发泡层由以下组分组成：聚丙烯70-80份，聚丙烯发泡剂4-6份，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯5-7份，笼形倍半硅氧烷1-3份，环氧树脂6-8份，聚乙二醇3-5份，羧甲基纤维素4-6份，短碳纤维16-20份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体4-6份，滑石粉18-22份，硬脂酸钙6-10份，硅烷偶联剂13-17份，碳酸氢钠8-12份；
所述基层由以下组分组成：聚酰亚胺纤维33-37重量份，石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维25-35份，聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯18-22重量份，马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯10-15重量份，三异硬脂酸钛酸异丙酯1-3重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯1-3份和滑石粉4-6重量份；
所述第二发泡层由以下组分组成：PVC树脂80-100份，CPVC粉15-25份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯4-6份，氧化镁6-10份，硅烷偶联剂6-10份、聚丙烯发泡剂25-30份，碳酸钙25-30份，和滑石粉10-20份；
所述表层由以下组分组成：聚乙烯35-45份，短玻璃纤维6-10份，氧化铝8-12份，马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物4-8份，马来酸半酯2-4份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物1-3份，对苯二胺1-3份，硅烷偶联剂4-6份，紫外线吸收剂0.5-2份，和抗静电剂0.5-2份。
进一步的，所述阻燃层由以下组分组成：聚乙烯65份，硅烷偶联剂3份，纳米氢氧化铝42份，聚磷酸铵15份，聚乙烯醇6份、玻璃纤维25份、阻燃剂15份；所述阻燃剂由以下成分组成：碳酸氢钠6份、埃洛石纳米管5份、钛白粉1份、和季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯2份。
进一步的，所述第一发泡层由以下组分组成：聚丙烯76份，聚丙烯发泡剂5份，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯6份，笼形倍半硅氧烷2份，环氧树脂7份，聚乙二醇4份，羧甲基纤维素5份，短碳纤维18份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体5份，滑石粉20份，硬脂酸钙8份，硅烷偶联剂15份，碳酸氢钠10份；
进一步的，所述基层由以下组分组成：聚酰亚胺纤维35重量份，石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维30份，聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯20重量份，马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯12重量份，三异硬脂酸钛酸异丙酯2重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯2份和滑石粉5重量份；
进一步的，所述第二发泡层由以下组分组成：PVC树脂90份，CPVC粉20份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯5份，氧化镁8份，硅烷偶联剂8份、聚丙烯发泡剂30份，碳酸钙30份，和滑石粉15份；
进一步的，所述表层由以下组分组成：聚乙烯40份、短玻璃纤维8份、氧化铝10份、马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物6份、马来酸半酯3份、丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物2份、对苯二胺2份、硅烷偶联剂3份，紫外线吸收剂1份，和抗静电剂1份。
进一步的，所述石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维由以下方法制备得到：(1)将微孔玻璃纤维与羧甲基纤维素钠混合再加入石墨烯，分散在丙酮中，搅拌均匀，转移到真空加热釜中，85摄氏度加压至30MPa，静置1h，过滤干燥，得到负载石墨烯的玻璃纤维；(2)将步骤(1)制得的负载石墨烯的玻璃纤维浸润在质量浓度为40％的硝酸钡溶液中浸渍1h，取出后移入质量浓度为20％的磷酸二氢铵溶液中，静置，在玻璃纤维的微孔中生成磷酸钡和磷酸氢钡结晶沉淀，从而将磷酸钡和磷酸氢钡粒子组装到玻璃纤维的内部孔隙中封装石墨烯，形成石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维。
进一步的，一种制备所述盖板材料的制备方法，其中包括分别将所述盖板的各层原料投入到双螺杆挤出机中，然后将熔体推进到换网器，然后到达分配器；所述分配器处理后的材料进入模具，然后到定型台定型，经牵引装置移送至冷却托架冷却，再经牵引装置移送至纵切锯纵切，再经横切锯平台横切，最后由输送平台移出，从而完成各层的成型，然后将按次序将各层依次层叠，热压，得到所述盖板。
对于各层的厚度没有特定要求，可以根据实际需要调整。
本发明具有如下有益效果：
1)、本发明的盖板通过将阻燃层，第一发泡层，基层，第二发泡层和表层按顺序层叠热压制备得到。所述基层提供盖板强度，提高盖板的耐冲击性，耐弯折性，阻燃层设置在盖板的里层，提高盖板的阻燃性能以及隔热性能；所述表层能够提高盖板的耐老性，耐温性，以及耐磨性能。
2)、同时第一发泡层和第二发泡层分别位于阻燃层，基层，表层之间，能够提高三层的结合力，平衡阻燃层，基层和表层之间的应力，提高盖板材料的抗弯性能，同时提高盖板的隔热性能以及使高强盖板更加的轻质化。
3)、根据各层需求的不同，设置不同的组分，阻燃层具有较高的阻燃和隔温性能，基层具有较高的机械强度，而表层具有较高的耐温，耐老以及耐磨性能，三层复合使得复合板材的机械强度增强，并且提高板材的耐老型以及耐温性能。
4)、第一发泡层位于内侧，第二发泡层位于外侧，针对内外侧对于阻燃性能，温度，以及抗冲击性不同的需求，调整两个发泡层的组分，第一发泡层具有较高的隔温和阻燃性能，而第二发泡层具有较高弹性模量，可以缓解弯折导致的层间应力，并且具有较高的耐冲击性能。
具体实施方式
本发明下面将通过具体的实施例进行更详细的描述，但本发明的保护范围并不受限于这些实施例。
实施例
电缆沟用高强阻燃型塑料盖板材料，其特征在于：所述盖板材料依次包括阻燃层，第一发泡层，基层，第二发泡层和表层，所述盖板通过分别将所述盖板的各层原料投入到双螺杆挤出机中，然后将熔体推进到换网器，然后到达分配器；所述分配器处理后的材料进入模具，然后到定型台定型，经牵引装置移送至冷却托架冷却，再经牵引装置移送至纵切锯纵切，再经横切锯平台横切，最后由输送平台移出，从而完成各层的成型，然后将按次序将各层依次层叠，热压，得到所述盖板。
阻燃层，第一发泡层，基层，第二发泡层和表层厚度分别为1mm。
石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维由以下方法制备得到：(1)将微孔玻璃纤维与羧甲基纤维素钠混合再加入石墨烯，分散在丙酮中，搅拌均匀，转移到真空加热釜中，85摄氏度加压至30MPa，静置1h，过滤干燥，得到负载石墨烯的玻璃纤维；(2)将步骤(1)制得的负载石墨烯的玻璃纤维浸润在质量浓度为40％的硝酸钡溶液中浸渍1h，取出后移入质量浓度为20％的磷酸二氢铵溶液中，静置，在玻璃纤维的微孔中生成磷酸钡和磷酸氢钡结晶沉淀，从而将磷酸钡和磷酸氢钡粒子组装到玻璃纤维的内部孔隙中封装石墨烯，形成石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维。
实施例1
所述阻燃层由以下组分组成：聚乙烯60份，硅烷偶联剂2份，纳米氢氧化铝40份，聚磷酸铵13份，聚乙烯醇5份、玻璃纤维22份、阻燃剂13份；所述阻燃剂由以下成分组成：碳酸氢钠4份、埃洛石纳米管3份、钛白粉0.5份、和季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯1份；
所述第一发泡层由以下组分组成：聚丙烯70份，聚丙烯发泡剂4份，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯5份，笼形倍半硅氧烷1份，环氧树脂6份，聚乙二醇3份，羧甲基纤维素4份，短碳纤维16份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体4份，滑石粉18份，硬脂酸钙6份，硅烷偶联剂13份，碳酸氢钠8份；
所述基层由以下组分组成：聚酰亚胺纤维33重量份，石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维25份，聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯18重量份，马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯10重量份，三异硬脂酸钛酸异丙酯1重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯1份和滑石粉4重量份；
所述第二发泡层由以下组分组成：PVC树脂80份，CPVC粉15份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯4份，氧化镁6份，硅烷偶联剂6份、聚丙烯发泡剂25份，碳酸钙25份，和滑石粉10份；
所述表层由以下组分组成：聚乙烯35份，短玻璃纤维6份，氧化铝8份，马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物4份，马来酸半酯2份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物1份，对苯二胺1份，硅烷偶联剂4份，紫外线吸收剂0.5份，和抗静电剂0.5份。
实施例2
所述阻燃层由以下组分组成：聚乙烯70份，硅烷偶联剂4份，纳米氢氧化铝44份，聚磷酸铵17份，聚乙烯醇7份、玻璃纤维28份、阻燃剂17份；所述阻燃剂由以下成分组成：碳酸氢钠8份、埃洛石纳米管6份、钛白粉2份、和季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯3份；
所述第一发泡层由以下组分组成：聚丙烯80份，聚丙烯发泡剂6份，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯7份，笼形倍半硅氧烷3份，环氧树脂8份，聚乙二醇5份，羧甲基纤维素6份，短碳纤维20份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体6份，滑石粉22份，硬脂酸钙10份，硅烷偶联剂17份，碳酸氢钠12份；
所述基层由以下组分组成：聚酰亚胺纤维37重量份，石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维35份，聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯22重量份，马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯15重量份，三异硬脂酸钛酸异丙酯3重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯3份和滑石粉6重量份；
所述第二发泡层由以下组分组成：PVC树脂100份，CPVC粉25份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯6份，氧化镁10份，硅烷偶联剂10份、聚丙烯发泡剂30份，碳酸钙30份，和滑石粉20份；
所述表层由以下组分组成：聚乙烯45份，短玻璃纤维10份，氧化铝12份，马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物8份，马来酸半酯4份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物3份，对苯二胺3份，硅烷偶联剂6份，紫外线吸收剂2份和抗静电剂2份。
实施例3
所述阻燃层由以下组分组成：聚乙烯65份，硅烷偶联剂3份，纳米氢氧化铝42份，聚磷酸铵15份，聚乙烯醇6份、玻璃纤维25份、阻燃剂15份；所述阻燃剂包括：碳酸氢钠6份、埃洛石纳米管5份、钛白粉1份、和季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯2份。
所述第一发泡层由以下组分组成：聚丙烯76份，聚丙烯发泡剂5份，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯6份，笼形倍半硅氧烷2份，环氧树脂7份，聚乙二醇4份，羧甲基纤维素5份，短碳纤维18份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体5份，滑石粉20份，硬脂酸钙8份，硅烷偶联剂15份，碳酸氢钠10份；
所述基层由以下组分组成：聚酰亚胺纤维35重量份，石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维30份，聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯20重量份，马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯12重量份，三异硬脂酸钛酸异丙酯2重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯2份和滑石粉5重量份；
所述第二发泡层由以下组分组成：PVC树脂90份，CPVC粉20份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯5份，氧化镁8份，硅烷偶联剂8份、聚丙烯发泡剂30份，碳酸钙30份，和滑石粉15份；
所述表层由以下组分组成：聚乙烯40份、短玻璃纤维8份、氧化铝10份、马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物6份、马来酸半酯3份、丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物2份、对苯二胺2份、硅烷偶联剂3份，紫外线吸收剂1份，和抗静电剂1份。
测试及结果
拉伸性能测试：按ISO 527-2标准进行测试，拉伸速度为5mm/min。
弯曲性能测试：按ISO 178标准进行测试,弯曲速度为2mm/min。
抗翘曲变形能力按纵横收缩率比值，测试样板尺寸为150mm×100mm×5mm。
抗冲击性能测试：按ISO 179标准进行测试,弯曲速度为2mm/min
表1
Figure BDA0002398727700000101
本发明得到的盖板，各项参数均优于现有的盖板性能，并且具有更轻的质量，更好的隔温性能和阻燃性能。
尽管本发明的内容已经通过上述优选实施例作了详细介绍，但是应当认识到上述的描述不应被认为是对本发明的限制。

Claims (6)

1.一种制备电缆沟用高强阻燃型塑料盖板材料的制备方法，所述盖板材料依次包括阻燃层，第一发泡层，基层，第二发泡层和表层，所述盖板通过将阻燃层，第一发泡层，基层，第二发泡层和表层按顺序层叠热压制备得到，其中具体包括：分别将所述盖板的各层原料投入到双螺杆挤出机中，然后将熔体推进到换网器，然后到达分配器；所述分配器处理后的材料进入模具，然后到定型台定型，经牵引装置移送至冷却托架冷却，再经牵引装置移送至纵切锯纵切，再经横切锯平台横切，最后由输送平台移出，从而完成各层的成型，然后将按次序将各层依次层叠，热压，得到所述盖板；
所述阻燃层由以下组分组成：聚乙烯60-70份，硅烷偶联剂2-4份，纳米氢氧化铝40-44份，聚磷酸铵13-17份，聚乙烯醇5-7份、玻璃纤维22-28份、阻燃剂13-17份；所述阻燃剂由以下成分组成：碳酸氢钠4-8份、埃洛石纳米管3-6份、钛白粉0.5-2份、和季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯1-3份；
所述第一发泡层由以下组分组成：聚丙烯70-80份，聚丙烯发泡剂4-6份，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯5-7份，笼形倍半硅氧烷1-3份，环氧树脂6-8份，聚乙二醇3-5份，羧甲基纤维素4-6份，短碳纤维16-20份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体4-6份，滑石粉18-22份，硬脂酸钙6-10份，硅烷偶联剂13-17份，碳酸氢钠8-12份；
所述基层由以下组分组成：聚酰亚胺纤维33-37重量份，石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维25-35份，聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯18-22重量份，马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯10-15重量份，三异硬脂酸钛酸异丙酯1-3重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯1-3份和滑石粉4-6重量份；
所述第二发泡层由以下组分组成：PVC树脂80-100份，CPVC粉15-25份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯4-6份，氧化镁6-10份，硅烷偶联剂6-10份、聚丙烯发泡剂25-30份，碳酸钙25-30份，和滑石粉10-20份；
所述表层由以下组分组成：聚乙烯35-45份，短玻璃纤维6-10份，氧化铝8-12份，马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物4-8份，马来酸半酯2-4份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物1-3份，对苯二胺1-3份，硅烷偶联剂4-6份，紫外线吸收剂0.5-2份，和抗静电剂0.5-2份；
所述石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维由以下方法制备得到：(1)将微孔玻璃纤维与羧甲基纤维素钠混合再加入石墨烯，分散在丙酮中，搅拌均匀，转移到真空加热釜中，85摄氏度加压至30MPa，静置1h，过滤干燥，得到负载石墨烯的玻璃纤维；(2)将步骤(1)制得的负载石墨烯的玻璃纤维浸润在质量浓度为40％的硝酸钡溶液中浸渍1h，取出后移入质量浓度为20％的磷酸二氢铵溶液中，静置，在玻璃纤维的微孔中生成磷酸钡和磷酸氢钡结晶沉淀，从而将磷酸钡和磷酸氢钡粒子组装到玻璃纤维的内部孔隙中封装石墨烯，形成石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维。
2.如上述权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述阻燃层由以下组分组成：聚乙烯65份，硅烷偶联剂3份，纳米氢氧化铝42份，聚磷酸铵15份，聚乙烯醇6份、玻璃纤维25份、阻燃剂15份；所述阻燃剂由以下成分组成：碳酸氢钠6份、埃洛石纳米管5份、钛白粉1份、和季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯2份。
3.如上述权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述第一发泡层由以下组分组成：聚丙烯76份，聚丙烯发泡剂5份，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯6份，笼形倍半硅氧烷2份，环氧树脂7份，聚乙二醇4份，羧甲基纤维素5份，短碳纤维18份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体5份，滑石粉20份，硬脂酸钙8份，硅烷偶联剂15份，碳酸氢钠10份。
4.如上述权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述基层由以下组分组成：聚酰亚胺纤维35重量份，石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维30份，聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯20重量份，马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯12重量份，三异硬脂酸钛酸异丙酯2重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯2份和滑石粉5重量份。
5.如上述权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述第二发泡层由以下组分组成：PVC树脂90份，CPVC粉20份，季戊四醇双二 甲基硅酸酯5份，氧化镁8份，硅烷偶联剂8份、聚丙烯发泡剂30份，碳酸钙30份，和滑石粉15份。
6.如上述权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述表层由以下组分组成：聚乙烯40份，短玻璃纤维8份，氧化铝10份，马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物6份，马来酸半酯3份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物2份，对苯二胺2份，硅烷偶联剂3份，紫外线吸收剂1份，和抗静电剂1份。
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