CN111066697B - Spawning ground transition boundary determination method for viscous spawned fishes - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for determining a spawning ground transition boundary of a viscous roe-producing fish, which comprises the following steps: the water temperature, the section form and the bait are used as control factors of a target fish spawning site, and the appropriate range of each control factor of a river channel is calculated to jointly determine the boundary of the transition region. The invention is based on environmental hydraulics, combines fish physiology, comprehensively considers fish spawning site distribution characteristics, spawning site structural characteristics and fish spawning period physiological preference, excludes non-spawning site areas of the cross section of a river channel, defines the transition area range (boundary) of the spawning site of the river channel under the condition of a plurality of control indexes, is beneficial to improving the accuracy of spawning site characteristic index statistics, and provides more accurate data information for fish spawning site protection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation, in particular to a method for determining a spawning ground transition boundary of fishes producing heavy viscous fish eggs.
Background
In recent years, factors such as human activities, climate condition changes and the like change the hydrological situation of the river, the structure and the function of an ecological system are damaged, the physiological activities and the physical habitat of a biological community are influenced, the resource quantity of some rare fishes is gradually reduced, the vital factors necessary for the survival of the fishes are deeply understood, and the method has important scientific significance for the reasonable development of water resources and the protection of the aquatic life diversity of rivers, particularly the diversity of special fishes. The spawning period is an important stage in the fish life process, and plays an important role in supplementing species resource quantity and maintaining biological diversity, so that the characteristic index values of each key habitat of the fish in the spawning period are mastered, and the protection of a special fish spawning site is facilitated to be guided.
The existing methods for protecting fish resources have a plurality of means, and the main ways can be summarized into two ways. Firstly, the reduction of the number of fishes caused by external interference is reduced, such as setting a no-catching area, a no-fishing period and the like; secondly, various measures are taken to assist the increase of fish resource quantity, such as proliferation and releasing, construction of an artificial spawning ground, improvement of fish survival conditions by setting ecological flow and the like. In any means, it is important to know the characteristics of the fish spawning site. The water depth and the flow velocity of the water body in the center of the river channel are large, the pressure environment and the water body turbulence are strong, and the fish cannot lay eggs, so that the fish with fertilized eggs being sticky eggs usually lay eggs in the shallow water area of the river channel. However, the existing method for researching spawning ground characteristics through numerical simulation mostly takes the whole section of a river as a research range, and counts a main trough part (non-river center state) near the center of the river, namely a non-spawning ground area, so that the characteristic parameters of the obtained fish spawning ground mostly take the section average value as the main, and influence the accuracy of each data range.
In conclusion, the traditional research method cannot solve the problem of determining the boundary position of the transition area of the spawning site, influences the accuracy of statistical parameters, and influences the work of repairing and protecting the spawning site.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art and provides a method for determining the transition boundary of a spawning site of fishes laying sticky roes.
A method for determining a spawning ground transition boundary of a heavy viscous roe fish comprises the following steps:
the boundary of the transition area is determined by calculating various control factors by taking water temperature, a preferred shoal section habitat for the fishes laying the viscous eggs and bait as the control factors of the spawning ground of the target fishes.
Further, as the method described above, the method for determining the boundary of the transition zone by using the water temperature as the control factor includes:
the distribution of the water temperature of the river channel in the transverse direction is different under the influence of factors such as terrain, solar radiation, water body turbulence and the like, the distribution condition of a river section temperature field is calculated by nesting a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model with average water depth and a water temperature model, the water temperature range of a spawning site transition region is determined by combining the requirement of spawning of fishes on the water temperature, and the maximum distance from a river bank in the water temperature distribution field is selected as a suitable water temperature boundary of the spawning site of the fishes;
hydrodynamic model:
equation of continuity
Equation of momentum-
In the formula
The average speed of the water depth in the x and y directions is shown, and t is time; h is the total water depth h ═ η + d; eta is the water surface elevation, and d is the static total water depth; and is
TijThe lateral stress comprises viscous friction force, turbulent friction force and differential advection term,
a is the horizontal vortex viscosity coefficient, and S is the source term emission; f is the Coriolis force; p is a radical ofaIs atmospheric pressure; rho0Is the density of the water body; sxx、sxy、syxAnd syyRepresenting a radiation stress tensor; (u)s，vs) Representing the flow velocity of the water body entering the water environment; tau isbx、τbyIs the component of the bottom stress in the x, y direction; tau issxAnd τsyRespectively representing the components of the wind stress in the x and y directions;
a water temperature model:
in the formula: t is the average water temperature of depth;
is a source of heat exchange with the atmosphere; ts is a water temperature source item; FT is the diffusion coefficient.
Further, as described above, the method determines the boundary of the transition region by using the preferred shoal profile habitat of the fish producing the sticky eggs as a control factor, wherein the determination method of the shoal comprises the following steps:
and analyzing the section of the river channel, calculating the percentage of the river width occupied by the shoals with the bank slope of less than or equal to 10 degrees and the water depth of less than or equal to 0.5m within the range of 5m in the section, and taking the maximum value as the proper boundary of the section structure of the fish spawning site.
Further, as described above, the method for determining the boundary of the transition zone by using bait as a control factor includes:
due to the requirement of reproductive development, fishes need to scrape a large amount of benthic diatoms for preparing for spawning, the benthic diatoms are distributed obviously in the cross section direction of the river channel, the relationship between the biomass distribution condition of the benthic diatoms on the cross section of the river and the hydrodynamic condition is obtained, and the region of the river channel suitable for the growth of the benthic diatoms is obtained and is used as a judgment basis for defining the boundary of the transition region of the spawning ground.
Has the advantages that:
according to the invention, the distribution characteristics of the spawning site of the fishes are considered, the non-spawning site area of the section of the river channel is excluded, and the transition area range (boundary) of the spawning site of the river channel is defined under the condition of a plurality of control indexes, so that the statistical accuracy of the characteristic indexes of the spawning site is favorably improved, and more accurate data information is provided for the protection of the spawning site of the fishes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a suitable habitat area of a river channel when the control condition provided by the embodiment of the invention is water temperature;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a suitable habitat area of a river when the control conditions provided by the embodiment of the invention are a cross-sectional habitat structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a suitable habitat area of a river when the control condition provided by the embodiment of the invention is bait;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the calculation results of the boundary of the water temperature transition zone;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a result of calculation of the boundary of the transition region;
FIG. 6 is a layout diagram of experimental pebble matrix on a cross section of a river channel;
FIG. 7 the relationship between the biomass of benthic diatoms on the experimental section and the flow rate;
fig. 8 shows the flow velocity distribution of the target river reach.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention are described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a method for determining a spawning site transition boundary of fishes laying sticky roes, which takes the preference characteristics of fish spawning period habitats as control conditions (water temperature, section form, baits and the like), obtains areas meeting the control conditions by means of numerical simulation and experimental detection, and takes the minimum distance in the selected control conditions as the boundary range of a transition area. The method provided by the invention provides an idea for defining the boundary of the transition area of the spawning ground, and when the method is applied according to the various control indexes, the selection is carried out according to the specific characteristics of the river.
Calculating the boundary of each control factor transition zone
Boundary of water temperature transition zone
As shown in figure 1, the distribution of the river channel water temperature in the transverse direction is different under the influence of factors such as terrain, solar radiation and water body turbulence, and the distribution situation of the river reach temperature field is calculated by nesting a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of average water depth and a water temperature model. Determining the water temperature range of a spawning site transition area according to the requirements of spawning of fishes on water temperature, and selecting the maximum distance from a river bank (or river heart state) in a water temperature distribution field as a suitable water temperature boundary of the spawning site of the fishes.
Hydrodynamic model:
equation of continuity
Equation of momentum-
In the formula, u and v are x, the average speed of water depth in the y direction and t is time; h is the total water depth h ═ η + d; eta is the water surface elevation, and d is the static total water depth; and is
A is the horizontal vortex viscosity coefficient. .
A water temperature model:
in the formula: t is the average water temperature of depth;
is a source of heat exchange with the atmosphere; t issIs a water temperature source item; fTIs the diffusion coefficient.
Boundary of cross-section form transition zone
As shown in fig. 2, shallow and deep pools alternate in the cross section of the river in the transverse direction. The turbulent water flow of the shoal promotes the oxygenation of river water, habitat and cable bait fields are created for a plurality of aquatic organisms, fishes producing deposited viscous roe like to lay eggs at the section of the shoal, the section of the river channel is analyzed, the percentage of the shoal with the river bank side slope of not more than 10 degrees and the water depth of not more than 0.5m in the range of 5m in the section to the river width is calculated, and the maximum value is taken as a proper boundary of the section structure of the fish spawning field.
Boundary of bait transition zone
As shown in fig. 3, algae are the most important primary producers on earth, and oxygen produced by photosynthesis is an important source of atmospheric oxygen. Algae, as the most important primary producer, are direct feeds for some fish, shrimp, shellfish. Some schizothorax prenanti need eat a large amount of benthic diatoms in the spawning period and the subsequent rearing period, the relation between the benthic diatom biomass distribution on the cross section of a river and the hydraulics condition is obtained through sampling and experimental analysis, and the suitable range for the growth of the benthic diatoms on the river is used as a judgment basis for defining the boundary of the transition area of the spawning ground.
The range of the fish spawning site transition area for depositing the viscous fish eggs determined by the method meets but is not limited to the range determined by the factors, namely the method provides a thought for determining the range of the spawning site transition area, and listed indexes can be increased or selectively used according to actual engineering or case conditions. The transition area is measured together through the ecological habits and the hydraulic conditions of the fishes, and the method is an innovation of the method, can assist in providing the spawning site positions of the fishes, is beneficial to more accurately mastering the characteristics of the spawning site, and provides support and help for the protection of later-stage fish resources and habitat.
Compared with other characteristic index statistical methods which take the whole river reach as a target fish spawning site, the method considers the distribution characteristics of the fish spawning site, excludes non-spawning site areas of the cross section of the river channel, defines the transition area range (boundary) of the spawning site of the river channel under the condition of a plurality of control indexes, is favorable for improving the accuracy of the spawning site characteristic index statistics, and provides more accurate data information for the protection of the fish spawning site.
Experimental example:
a schizothorax prenanti in a river course prefers to produce viscous roe in a slow flow shoal, and the lowest water temperature suitable for spawning is 9.4 ℃, so that the schizothorax prenanti is a omnivorous animal mainly taking algae as food. The boundary of the transition zone of the target fish spawning site is obtained by taking the water temperature, the section form of the habitat and the boundary of the bait transition zone as conditions (without considering the influence of the water temperature on the growth and the propagation of algae), and a basic support is provided for fish protection and fishery management. An example of a calculation is provided to illustrate the calculation method and process of this patent, and the data and calculation results of this example are only used as examples. Meanwhile, the selection of the control factors can be correspondingly adjusted according to the difference of specific river conditions. The determination process is as follows:
1. determining water temperature transition zone boundaries
According to the method, a numerical model is established, and the water temperature boundary is obtained as shown in figure 4, so that the boundary of the water temperature transition region of the target river reach accounts for 40% of the river width.
2. Determining the boundary of the cross-section shape transition region
By using the topographic data of the cross section and combining the ecological hydraulics definition of the shoal, the percentage of the shoal with the bank slope of not more than 10 degrees and the water depth of not more than 0.5m in the cross section is calculated, the maximum value is taken as the proper boundary of the cross section structure of the fish spawning site, and partial statistical results are shown in figure 5, so that the boundary of the transition region of the cross section shape of the habitat cross section of the target river reach is 39% of the river width.
3. Determining bait transition zone boundaries
Taking benthic diatom as an example, the algae is influenced by hydrodynamic conditions in the transverse direction of a river channel, and the biomass size distribution is different, researches show that in some cases, benthic diatoms form a transition zone at a place close to a river bank and between a river channel and a main river channel, the biomass of the benthic diatoms in the zone is obviously larger than that of the main river channel, and target fishes scrape the benthic diatoms to some extent in the spawning and nursery periods to supplement energy, so that the transition zone of the bait farm can be used as an auxiliary condition for determining the boundary of the spawning transition zone of the fishes. A test section is arranged on a target river reach, test pebbles are placed at different positions of the test section to enable benthic diatoms to grow better, and a relation between benthic diatom biomass and flow speed is established through field investigation and numerical simulation (the biomass is represented by diatom density and Chl a concentration) as shown in figures 6-8.
When the flow velocity is between 0.29 and 0.62m/s, the density of the benthic diatom is 3000 to 5281cells/cm2The concentration of Chla is 9.52-13.02 mu g/m2The algae biomass is in a higher range, and the distribution range of the flow velocity interval in the river channel is 43% of the river width by statistics.
From the above calculation, the boundary of the river reach water temperature transition zone accounts for 40% of the river width, the boundary of the habitat cross section form transition zone accounts for 39% of the river width, and the boundary of the bait farm transition zone accounts for 43% of the river width, so that the spawning area satisfying three factors simultaneously is a part of water body close to the river bank (in the case that the example does not include the oceania), and the spawning area accounts for 39% of the river width.
Combining the above data, the example provides a fish spawning ground transition zone defining method for producing the heavy viscous fish eggs based on three control factors, and finally obtains an area (example, no fluxin) with the spawning ground transition zone range of the river both sides occupying 39% of the river width. Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for determining a spawning ground transition boundary of a viscous spawn fish is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining the boundary of a transition area by calculating various control factors by taking water temperature, a preferred shoal section habitat for fishes laying adhesive eggs and bait as the control factors of a target fish spawning site;
the method for determining the boundary of the transition zone by using the water temperature as a control factor comprises the following steps:
the distribution of the water temperature of the river channel in the transverse direction is different under the influence of factors such as terrain, solar radiation, water body turbulence and the like, the distribution condition of a river section temperature field is calculated by nesting a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model with average water depth and a water temperature model, the water temperature range of a spawning site transition region is determined by combining the requirement of spawning of fishes on the water temperature, and the maximum distance from a river bank in the water temperature distribution field is selected as a suitable water temperature boundary of the spawning site of the fishes;
hydrodynamic model:
equation of continuity
Equation of momentum-
In the formula
The average speed of the water depth in the x and y directions is shown, and t is time; h is the total water depth h ═ η + d; eta is the water surface elevation, and d is the static total water depth; and is
TijThe lateral stress comprises viscous friction force, turbulent friction force and differential advection term,
a is the horizontal vortex viscosity coefficient, and S is the source term emission; f is the Coriolis force; p is a radical ofaIs atmospheric pressure; rho0Is the density of the water body; sxx、sxy、syxAnd syyRepresenting a radiation stress tensor; (u)s，vs) Representing the flow velocity of the water body entering the water environment; tau isbx、τbyIs the component of the bottom stress in the x, y direction; tau issxAnd τsyRespectively representing the components of the wind stress in the x and y directions;
a water temperature model:
in the formula: t is the average water temperature of depth;
is a source of heat exchange with the atmosphere; ts is a water temperature source item; fTIs the diffusion coefficient;
determining the boundary of the transition region by taking the preferred shoal section habitat of the fish producing the sticky eggs as a control factor, wherein the determination method of the shoal comprises the following steps:
analyzing the section of the river channel, calculating the percentage of the river width occupied by the shoals with the bank slope of less than or equal to 10 degrees and the water depth of less than or equal to 0.5m within the range of 5m in the section, and taking the maximum value as the proper boundary of the section structure of the fish spawning site;
the method for determining the boundary of the transition region by using bait as a control factor comprises the following steps:
due to the requirement of reproductive development, fishes need to scrape a large amount of benthic diatoms for preparing for spawning, the benthic diatoms are distributed obviously in the cross section direction of the river channel, the relationship between the biomass distribution condition of the benthic diatoms on the cross section of the river and the hydrodynamic condition is obtained, and the region of the river channel suitable for the growth of the benthic diatoms is obtained and is used as a judgment basis for defining the boundary of the transition region of the spawning ground.
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