CN110603938A - An electric fertilizer spreader and its working method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an electric fertilizer spreader and its working method. The electric fertilizer spreader of the present invention comprises a frame and a motor arranged on the frame, a fertilizer bin, a spreading device, a drive shaft and a guide wheel; the fertilizer bin, the spreading device and the driving shaft are sequentially arranged from top to bottom Setting; the two ends of the drive shaft are provided with traveling wheels, and the drive shaft is provided with a transmission gear and a drive gear. The electric fertilizer spreader of the present invention has a small size and is equipped with a power device and a walking device. The problem of manual spreading of farmland is high labor intensity and uneven fertilizer spreading.

Description

An electric fertilizer spreader and its working method

technical field

The invention relates to an electric fertilizer spreader and a working method thereof, belonging to the technical field of agricultural machinery and equipment.

Background technique

The fertilizer spreader is an agricultural machinery with a high utilization rate in modern agriculture. The use of the fertilizer spreader reduces the labor intensity of farmers, improves operating efficiency, and reduces the waste of fertilizers. Compared with the traditional way of spreading fertilizers, fertilizer spreading The machine also avoids the direct contact between the human body and the fertilizer, and the safety is better. Mechanical fertilization has been used in foreign countries for decades. The fertilizer spreaders used are generally large in size, and fuel engines are mostly used as power sources. The fuel power is not clean, and the cost is high, and the cost is high. The large-scale fertilizer spreaders used abroad are not suitable for China's national conditions. First, my country has 2 billion mu of agricultural land, of which mountains and hills account for two-thirds, and it is difficult to use large-scale agricultural machinery. Second, China's land parcels are scattered and not concentrated , Even in the plains, it is difficult to realize the application of large-scale agricultural machinery. In the prior art, the drop point of fertilization is usually not precisely controlled, and the width of fertilizer spreading cannot be adjusted, resulting in poor spreading accuracy and uniformity, and the small coverage area cannot meet the requirements of modern precision fertilization.

Chinese utility model CN203194138U discloses a kind of agricultural manure spreader, and this agricultural manure spreader is simple in structure, is applicable to the topdressing of wheat turning green and spring plowing fertilization of medium and small plots. However, the agricultural fertilizer spreader is pushed and pulled forward by manpower, and the fertilizer box is small in size and less loaded with fertilizer. It needs to go back and forth to load fertilizer and spread it many times, so the labor intensity is relatively high; During the process, fertilizer agglomeration will easily block the fertilizer outlet, resulting in uneven fertilizer application and increasing labor intensity; thirdly, the agricultural fertilizer spreading vehicle relies on human power to drive forward, and at the same time drives the fertilizer spreading device to rotate and spread, which is relatively small. The spreading range is small and uneven.

Chinese patent announcement number CN 205546518 U discloses a novel fertilizer spreader. The new fertilizer spreader adopts a coaxial double fertilizer spreading disc structure, which can produce a layered effect of fertilizer spreading and achieve better fertilization. The gasoline engine is used as the power output to ensure the stability of the power of the fertilizer spreader. Even when the fertilizer spreader is not running, it can also carry out fertilizer spreading operations and improve work efficiency. However, the rotating power of the double throwing discs of this new type of fertilizer spreader comes directly from the gasoline engine, and it is impossible to adjust the speed of the gasoline engine to adjust the fertilizer spreading accuracy of the fertilizer spreader; Due to the limited shape, the mixing of the fertilizer is not sufficient, and the fertilizer is easy to block; again, the gasoline engine as the power consumes a lot of energy, which is not conducive to saving costs.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides an electric fertilizer spreader suitable for topdressing on slopes, hills and small plots, and having high precision in spreading fertilizer.

The present invention also provides a working method of the electric fertilizer spreader.

Technical scheme of the present invention is:

An electric fertilizer spreader, comprising a frame, an electric motor arranged on the frame, a fertilizer bin, a spreading device, a drive shaft and a guide wheel; the fertilizer bin, the spreading device and the drive shaft are arranged sequentially from top to bottom; Both ends of the drive shaft are provided with traveling wheels, and the drive shaft is provided with a transmission gear and a drive gear;

The material spreading device includes a material spreading disc and a rotating shaft arranged at the center of the material spreading disc, and the upper surface of the material spreading disc is provided with a plurality of pairs of fan blades, and the fan blades are symmetrically and evenly distributed with the rotating shaft as the center of the circle; The top of the rotating shaft is provided with an S-shaped mixing rod, and the bottom of the rotating shaft is provided with a disc transmission gear; the disc transmission gear is meshed with the driving gear; the transmission gear is connected to the rotating shaft of the motor through a drive shaft chain; The bottom of the fertilizer bin is provided with a discharge port and a baffle plate, and the baffle plate is slidably arranged on the discharge port through the baffle plate fixing bolt; the S-shaped mixing rod is arranged on the fertilizer bin through the discharge port. Inside; a material baffle plate is horizontally fixed on the frame behind the spreading disc; the guide wheel is connected to the frame through a connecting rod in rotation; the guide wheel is also connected with a guide handrail. A baffle plate is set behind the spreading disc to prevent the fertilizer from being thrown backwards, resulting in repeated fertilization, burning seedlings and waste of resources.

Preferably, according to the present invention, the rotating shaft is rotatably arranged on the frame through the bearing seat; the drive shaft is rotatably arranged under the frame through the legs.

Preferably according to the present invention, the baffle plate is a flat plate with a slot in the middle; the baffle plate is fixed on both sides of the outlet through the baffle plate fixing bolts, when the baffle plate fixing bolts are in a loose state, the baffle plate passes through the clamping plate The groove slides horizontally relative to the fixing bolts of the baffle to control the size and closure of the discharge opening; the side where the two baffles meet leaves a space for the stirring rod to pass through and rotate.

Preferably, according to the present invention, the motor is a DC motor; the DC motor is powered by a DC battery. The fertilizer bin of the electric fertilizer spreader is provided with a bin cover to prevent loss and waste of powdery fertilizer. The DC storage battery adopts a common storage battery as a power source, has low cost, is convenient to transport and carry, has low power, clean and environment-friendly power energy, and is easy to popularize.

Preferably, according to the present invention, the end of the guide armrest is provided with a control handle, and the control handle is provided with a motor power switch, a governor, a constant speed button and a brake button; Seat ears. The position limiting lugs limit the position of the fertilizer bin on the frame.

Preferably according to the present invention, both the disc transmission gear and the drive gear are bevel gears; the speed of the drive gear is 150-300 rpm; the radius ratio of the disc transmission gear to the drive gear is less than or equal to 1 :5.

When the speed of the drive gear is 150-300 rpm, the walking speed of the electric fertilizer spreader is 150-300 rpm; when the radius ratio of the disc drive gear to the drive gear is less than or equal to 1:5, the disc drive gear The speed ratio of the driving gear to the driving gear is greater than or equal to 5:1, so that the speed of the spreading disc reaches 5 times or more than the walking speed of the electric fertilizer spreader, ensuring that the electric fertilizer spreader walks at an appropriate speed and spreads fertilizer without any damage. The rotation speed of the material disc can generate enough centrifugal force to spread fertilizer granules or powder to a suitable range. The spreading radius of the material spreading disc can reach 3-5m, which meets the needs of evenly spreading fertilizer on small plots. Adjust the spreading radius of the spreading disc by adjusting the walking speed of the electric fertilizer spreader. The faster the walking speed, the larger the spreading radius, and vice versa, the smaller the spreading radius.

Preferably according to the present invention, the length, width and height of the electric fertilizer spreader are 1050-1200cm, 700-800cm and 1100-1200cm respectively; preferably 1100cm, 750cm and 1150cm; the loading capacity of the fertilizer bin is 100kg; The radius of the walking wheel is 20-50 cm.

Preferably, according to the present invention, the height of the bottom of the baffle is 1-5 cm lower than the bottom of the disk; the height of the baffle is 5-15 cm. The above-mentioned size settings prevent the fertilizer from falling to the rear of the electric fertilizer spreader and cause repeated fertilizer spreading. More importantly, when the fertilizer is thrown around along the tangent of the outer circumference of the spreading disc, the amount of fertilizer thrown to the rear of the electric fertilizer spreader The fertilizer is blocked by the baffle plate set behind the spreading disc and falls under the electric fertilizer spreader. In this way, the fertilizer falls evenly in the fan-shaped area with the electric fertilizer spreader as the center and extending forward to achieve uniform spreading. The purpose of fat.

A working method of the above-mentioned electric fertilizer spreader, comprising the following steps:

1) By adjusting the position of the baffle plate, the size of the discharge port is adjusted to adjust the amount of fertilizer output;

2) Start the motor, the motor drives the drive shaft to rotate through the transmission gear, and the drive shaft rotates to drive the travel wheel to travel; the travel speed of the electric fertilizer spreader is 150-300 rpm;

3) The driving gear arranged on the driving shaft drives the disc transmission gear meshed with it to rotate, and the disc transmission gear drives the rotating shaft and the spreading disc and the S-shaped mixing rod arranged on the rotating shaft to rotate; the driving gear The rotating speed is 150-300 rpm;

4) The fertilizer flows out along the discharge port under the agitation of the S-shaped mixing rod; the fertilizer flowing out from the discharge port is scattered on the spreading disc; the spreading disc throws the fertilizer;

5) Adjust the rotation speed of the motor according to the size of the loose fertilizer field, and then adjust the rotation speed of the spreading disc, and finally realize the adjustment of the spreading width. The faster the circular motion of the spreading disc, the wider the width of the single throwing, and the narrower the throwing on the contrary; the speed adjustment is realized by the governor, the constant speed button and the brake button arranged on the control handle.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. The electric fertilizer spreader of the present invention is compact in size (length×width×height: (1050～1200cm)×(700～800cm)×(1100～1200cm)), and has a power device and a walking device, and is suitable for use in Small spaces such as greenhouses and greenhouses, uneven areas such as mountains and hills, and small plots in plain areas are used for scattered planting, which solves the problems of high labor intensity and uneven fertilizer application in small plots of farmland;

2. The electric fertilizer spreader of the present invention drives the traveling wheel, the mixing rod and the spreading disc to run simultaneously through the motor, and has a smart structure and sufficient energy utilization;

3. The electric fertilizer spreader of the present invention makes the rotating speed of the material spreading disc and the mixing rod higher than the walking speed of the electric fertilizer spreader (the ratio of speed is 5 : 1 or more); scientifically meet the power of fertilizer spreading along the tangential direction of the circumference, reduce fertilizer waste, and realize uniform fertilizer application;

4. The electric fertilizer spreader of the present invention can adjust and control the spreading width according to the width and length of the plot, thereby improving the accuracy and uniformity of spreading;

5. The traveling speed of the electric fertilizer spreader of the present invention can be controlled by the buttons arranged on the control handle, the walking speed of the electric fertilizer spreader can be adjusted by adjusting the rotating speed of the motor, and the direction of the electric fertilizer spreader can be controlled in cooperation with the guide wheel, so that the fertilizer spreader can Smooth travel on various rough roads, enhanced maneuverability and flexibility.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the front view structure of the electric fertilizer spreader of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a side view structural representation of the electric fertilizer spreader of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a structural representation of the spreading device of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a top view of the spreading device of the present invention;

Among them, 1. Rack; 2. Fertilizer bin; 2-1. Limiting seat ear; 2-2. Discharge port; 2-3. Baffle; 2-4. Baffle fixing bolt; 2-5. S Type mixing rod; 3, spreading device; 3-1, spreading disc; 3-2, rotating shaft; 3-3, fan blade; 3-4, retaining plate; 4-1, motor; 4-2 , DC battery; 4-3, driving shaft chain; 5-1, walking wheel; 5-2, driving shaft; 5-3, transmission gear; 5-4, driving gear; 5-5, disc transmission gear; 5 -6. Transmission shaft; 5-7. Bearing seat; 5-8. Outrigger; 6-1. Guide armrest; 6-2. Control handle; 6-3. Guide wheel; 6-4. Connecting rod.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but is not limited thereto.

Example 1

As shown in Figure 1-4.

An electric fertilizer spreader, comprising a frame 1 and a motor 4-1 arranged on the frame 1, a fertilizer bin 2, a spreading device 3, a drive shaft 5-2 and a guide wheel 6-3; the fertilizer bin 2 , the spreading device 3 and the drive shaft 5-2 are arranged sequentially from top to bottom; the two ends of the drive shaft 5-2 are provided with a walking wheel 5-1, and the drive shaft 5-2 is provided with a transmission gear 5-3 and Drive gear 5-4;

The material spreading device 3 includes a material spreading disc 3-1 and a rotating shaft 3-2 arranged at the center of the material spreading disc 3-1, the upper surface of the material spreading disc 3-1 is provided with many pairs of fan blades 3 -3, the fan blades 3-3 are symmetrically and evenly distributed with the rotating shaft 3-2 as the center; the top of the rotating shaft 3-2 is provided with an S-shaped mixing rod 2-5, and the bottom end of the rotating shaft 3-2 is provided with a disc drive Gear 5-5; the disc transmission gear 5-5 is meshed with the drive gear 5-4; the transmission gear 5-3 is connected with the rotating shaft of the motor 4-1 through the drive shaft chain 4-3; the The bottom of the fertilizer bin 2 is provided with a discharge port 2-2 and a baffle plate 2-3, and the baffle plate 2-3 is slidably arranged on the discharge port 2-2 through the baffle plate fixing bolt; The material rod 2-5 is arranged in the fertilizer bin 2 through the discharge port 2-2; the material baffle plate 3-4 is horizontally fixed on the rear frame of the spreading disc 3-1; the guide wheel 6 -3 is rotationally connected with the frame 1 through a connecting rod 6-4; the guide wheel 6-3 is also connected with a guide handrail 6-1. A baffle plate 3-4 is arranged behind the material spreading disc 3-1 to prevent fertilizer from being sprinkled backwards, causing repeated fertilizer spreading, causing problems such as burning seedlings and waste of resources.

The rotating shaft 3-2 is rotatably arranged on the frame 1 through the bearing seat 5-7; the drive shaft 5-2 is rotatably arranged under the frame 1 through the legs 5-8.

The baffle plate 2-3 is a flat plate with a card slot in the middle; the baffle plate 2-3 is fixed on both sides of the discharge port 2-2 by the baffle plate fixing bolt 2-4, when the baffle plate fixing bolt 2-4 4 is in a relaxed state, and the baffle plate 2-3 slides horizontally relative to the baffle plate fixing bolt 2-4 through the card slot to control the size and closure of the discharge port 2-2; the side where the two baffle plates 2-3 meet is left There is room to allow the stirrer rod to pass through and be able to turn.

The motor 4-1 is a DC motor; the DC motor is powered by a DC battery. The fertilizer bin of the electric fertilizer spreader is provided with a bin cover to prevent loss and waste of powdery fertilizer. The DC storage battery adopts a common storage battery as a power source, has low cost, is convenient to transport and carry, has low power, clean and environment-friendly power energy, and is easy to popularize.

The length, width and height of the electric fertilizer spreader are 1100cm, 750cm and 1150cm respectively; the loading capacity of the fertilizer bin is 100kg; the radius of the walking wheel is 50cm.

Example 2

As in the electric fertilizer spreader described in Embodiment 1, further, the end of the guide handrail is provided with a control handle 6-2, and the control handle 6-2 is provided with a motor power switch, a governor, a constant speed button and brake button; the outer wall of the fertilizer bin 2 is provided with a limited seat ear 2-1. The position-limiting ear 2-1 plays a position-limiting role on the position of the fertilizer bin 2 on the frame.

Example 3

As in the electric fertilizer spreader described in Example 1, further, the disc transmission gear and the drive gear are both bevel gears; the speed of the drive gear is 240 rpm; the disc transmission gear and the drive The gear radius ratio is 1:6.

When the speed of the drive gear is 150-300 rpm, the walking speed of the electric fertilizer spreader is 150-300 rpm; when the radius ratio of the disc drive gear to the drive gear is less than or equal to 1:5, the disc drive gear The speed ratio of the driving gear to the driving gear is greater than or equal to 5:1, so that the speed of the spreading disc reaches 5 times or more than the walking speed of the electric fertilizer spreader, ensuring that the electric fertilizer spreader walks at an appropriate speed and spreads fertilizer without any damage. The rotation speed of the material disc can generate enough centrifugal force to spread fertilizer granules or powder to a suitable range. The spreading radius of the material spreading disc can reach 3-5m, which meets the needs of evenly spreading fertilizer on small plots. Adjust the spreading radius of the spreading disc by adjusting the walking speed of the electric fertilizer spreader. The faster the walking speed, the larger the spreading radius, and vice versa, the smaller the spreading radius.

Example 4

For the electric fertilizer spreader described in Example 1, further, the height of the bottom of the baffle plate is 2 cm lower than the height of the bottom of the disc; the height of the baffle plate is 10 cm. The above-mentioned size settings prevent the fertilizer from falling to the rear of the electric fertilizer spreader and cause repeated fertilizer spreading. More importantly, when the fertilizer is thrown around along the tangent of the outer circumference of the spreading disc, the amount of fertilizer thrown to the rear of the electric fertilizer spreader The fertilizer is blocked by the baffle plate set behind the spreading disc and falls under the electric fertilizer spreader. In this way, the fertilizer falls evenly in the fan-shaped area with the electric fertilizer spreader as the center and extending forward to achieve uniform spreading. The purpose of fat.

Example 5

A working method of an electric fertilizer spreader as described in embodiment 1-4, comprising steps as follows:

1) By adjusting the position of the baffle plate 2-3, the size of the discharge port 2-2 is adjusted to adjust the amount of fertilizer output;

2) Start the motor 4-1, the motor 4-1 drives the drive shaft 5-2 to rotate through the transmission gear 5-3, and the drive shaft 5-2 rotates to drive the travel wheel 5-1 to walk;

3) The driving gear 5-4 arranged on the driving shaft 5-2 drives the disc transmission gear 5-5 meshed with it to rotate, and the disc transmission gear 5-5 drives the rotating shaft 3-2 and is arranged on the rotating shaft 3-2. The spreading disc 3-1 and the S-shaped mixing rod 2-5 rotate; the rotating speed of the driving gear 5-4 is 240 rpm;

4) The fertilizer flows out along the outlet 2-2 under the agitation of the S-shaped mixing rod 2-5; the fertilizer flowing out from the outlet 2-2 is scattered on the spreading disc 3-1; Dispersing disc 3-1 throws fertilizer;

5) According to the size of the loose fertilizer plot, adjust the gear position of the motor 4-1 through the governor arranged on the handle 6-2, and then adjust the speed of the transmission gear 5-3 and the drive shaft 5-2, and finally the motor The walking speed of the fertilizer spreader is 240 m/min, the rotating speed of the material spreading disc 3-1 is 1440 rpm, and the throwing coverage radius of the material spreading disc 3-1 is 5 meters. The electric fertilizer spreader is used for top dressing of wheat during the greening period, and one filling of 100kg urea granules can meet the fertilization amount of 2 mu of land.

Claims (6)

1. An electric fertilizer spreader is characterized by comprising a rack, and a motor, a fertilizer bin, a fertilizer spreading device, a driving shaft and a guide wheel which are arranged on the rack; the fertilizer bin, the material scattering device and the driving shaft are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the two ends of the driving shaft are provided with travelling wheels, and the driving shaft is provided with a transmission gear and a driving gear; the material scattering device comprises a material scattering disc and a rotating shaft arranged in the center of the material scattering disc, wherein a plurality of pairs of fan blades are arranged on the upper surface of the material scattering disc, and the fan blades are symmetrically and uniformly distributed by taking the rotating shaft as the center of a circle; the top end of the rotating shaft is provided with an S-shaped material mixing rod, and the bottom end of the rotating shaft is provided with a disc transmission gear; the disc transmission gear is meshed with the driving gear; the transmission gear is connected with a rotating shaft of the motor through a driving shaft chain; a discharge hole and a baffle are formed in the bottom of the fertilizer bin, and the baffle is slidably arranged on the discharge hole through a baffle fixing bolt; the S-shaped material mixing rod penetrates through the discharge hole and is arranged in the fertilizer bin; a material baffle plate is transversely fixed on the frame behind the material scattering disc; the guide wheel is rotationally connected with the rack through a connecting rod; the guide wheel is also connected with a guide handrail.

2. The electric fertilizer distributor according to claim 1, wherein the end of the guide handrail is provided with a control handle, and the control handle is provided with a motor power switch, a speed regulator, a constant speed button and a brake button; and the outer side wall of the fertilizer bin is provided with a limiting seat lug.

3. The electric fertilizer distributor according to claim 1, wherein the disc drive gear and the drive gear are bevel gears; the rotating speed of the driving gear is 150-300 revolutions per minute; the radius ratio of the disc transmission gear to the driving gear is less than or equal to 1: 5.

4. The electric fertilizer distributor according to claim 1, wherein the length, width and height of the electric fertilizer distributor are 1050-1200 cm, 700-800 cm and 1100-1200 cm respectively; the radius of the walking wheel is 20-50 cm.

5. The electric fertilizer distributor according to claim 1, wherein the height of the bottom of the striker plate is 1-5 cm lower than that of the bottom of the disc; the height of striker plate is 5 ~ 15 cm.

6. A method of operating an electric fertilizer distributor as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:

1) the size of the discharge hole is adjusted by adjusting the position of the baffle plate so as to adjust the fertilizer yield;

2) the motor is started, the motor drives the driving shaft to rotate through the transmission gear, and the driving shaft rotates to drive the traveling wheels to travel; the walking speed of the electric fertilizer distributor is 150-300 revolutions per minute;

3) the driving gear arranged on the driving shaft drives the disc transmission gear meshed with the driving gear to rotate, and the disc transmission gear drives the rotating shaft, the material scattering disc arranged on the rotating shaft and the S-shaped material mixing rod to rotate; the rotating speed of the driving gear is 150-300 revolutions per minute;

4) the fertilizer flows out along the discharge hole under the stirring of the S-shaped material mixing rod; fertilizer flowing out of the discharge hole is scattered on the spreading disc; the fertilizer is thrown out by the spreading disc;

5) the rotating speed of the motor is adjusted according to the size of the fertilizer spreading land, so that the rotating speed of the material spreading disc is adjusted, and finally the fertilizer spreading width is adjusted.