CN117136798A - Two-harvest cultivation method for sorghum - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a two-harvest cultivation method of sorghum, and aims to solve the problem that the sorghum is difficult to plant twice a year in the prior art. A two-harvest cultivation method of sorghum comprises the following steps: sowing and raising seedlings in a seedbed; planting in the 1-heart stage of the 4 leaves of the sorghum seedling; fertilizing, watering and controlling plant diseases and insect pests at regular intervals; harvesting first-crop sorghum when the seeds are mature, reserving 1 section position of the sorghum straw at the overground part during harvesting, and adopting oblique cutting to the sorghum straw, wherein the cut angle is 20-45 degrees; smearing imazalil on the incision; retaining part of the regenerated seedlings, fixing the seedlings when the regenerated seedlings are 3-4 leaves, and wiping off redundant seedlings; fertilizing, watering and controlling plant diseases and insect pests at regular intervals; harvesting the second crop of sorghum when the grain is mature. The sorghum straw is beveled, the notch angle is 20-45 degrees, and the mildew rate of the notch of the sorghum pile after the sorghum is picked can be reduced, so that the quality of sorghum seedlings is improved. The mildew inhibition rate of the sorghum stake incision can be further reduced by smearing imazalil on the incision.

Description

One kind of sorghum and one kind of two-harvest cultivation method

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of sorghum cultivation, and specifically relates to a sorghum two-harvest cultivation method.

Background technique

At present, sorghum is divided into two cultivation modes: spring planting and summer planting. When sorghum is planted in spring, it is usually planted in March-April and harvested in July-August. When sorghum is planted in summer, planting is usually started in May-June. , planting too late will lead to a reduction in the emergence rate, and harvesting is in September-October of that year; current sorghum planting is generally harvested once a year. Due to various technical reasons (for example, after sorghum is harvested, the incisions of the sorghum piles are prone to mold and cannot be To ensure the quality of seedling emergence, the survival rate of regenerated sorghum or the yield of sorghum will be affected) It is difficult to achieve two harvests in one planting, resulting in low sorghum yield.

Contents of the invention

The invention provides a two-harvest cultivation method of sorghum, aiming to solve the problem in the prior art that it is difficult to plant sorghum twice a year.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a sorghum and a two-harvest cultivation method, which includes the following steps:

S1. Sow and raise seedlings in the seedbed in late March or early April. Use a small shed to cover the seedlings with a film. The seed amount is 390-410g/667m ² ; soak the seeds in warm water at 55℃-60℃ for 8-12 minutes before sowing, and wait until they cool down to room temperature. Then soak the seeds for 7-9 hours;

S2. After emergence, remove the film and harden the sorghum seedlings at the 3-leaf and 1-heart stage;

S3. Plant the sorghum seedlings at the 4-leaf and 1-heart stage, with a planting hole density of 40×20cm, and one plant in each planting hole;

S4. Regularly fertilize, water and prevent pests and diseases;

S5. Harvest the first crop of sorghum when the grains are mature. When harvesting, keep one node of the sorghum straw on the ground, and cut the sorghum straw obliquely with an angle of 20°-45°;

S6. Apply imazalil to the incision;

S7. Irrigate the first crop of sorghum after harvesting, and apply 9-11kg/667m ² of urea;

S8. Keep the lower part of the regenerated seedlings, fix the seedlings when they have 3-4 leaves, and wipe off excess seedlings;

S9. Regularly fertilize, water and prevent pests and diseases;

S10. Harvest the second crop of sorghum when the grains are mature.

Further improved solution: In step S6, after applying imazalil to the incision, put a transparent plastic cover on the incision.

Based on the above solution, by putting a transparent plastic cover on, on the one hand, it can prevent the loss of imazalil in rainy weather, on the other hand, it can protect the incision, which is prone to mold after being wet by rain.

Further improved plan: 25d-30d before planting in step S3, apply 1000kg/667m ² of organic fertilizer and 50kg/667m ² of compound fertilizer in combination with deep plowing, and the plowing depth is 25cm-30cm.

Further improved plan: the sorghum varieties are ‘Chuanuoliang No. 1’, ‘Chuanuoliang No. 2’, ‘Jinnuo No. 3’ or ‘Lulu No. 8’.

Further improvement plan: In step S1, select a well-drained and leeward and sunny plot as a seedbed. Soak the seeds in warm water at 55°C-60°C for 10 minutes before sowing. Let the seeds cool down to room temperature and then soak the seeds for 8 hours. Drain and then sow. Use fine soil or Cover with soil and fertilizer to ensure that the seeds are not exposed, and then build an arch to cover with film; the ratio of seedbed to field is 1:20; after emergence, both ends of the film should be opened in time for ventilation in case of sunny days and high temperatures.

Further improved plan: When fertilizing in step S4: After transplanting and turning green, combine with cultivating and weeding, apply urea 5kg/667m ² and potassium chloride 5kg/667m ² ; apply urea 7-10kg/667m ² and urea at the 6-7 leaf stage Potassium chloride 7kg/667m ² ; apply urea 10kg/667m ² and potassium chloride 20kg/667m ² at the 9-leaf stage.

Further improved plan: When watering in step S4: Keep the soil moist after planting and slowing down the seedlings, and choose the watering time in the morning or evening on a sunny day.

Further improved plan: in step S9, apply 10kg/667m ² of urea and 1-2 times of balanced fertilizer after seedling establishment; apply 10kg/667m ² of urea and 10kg/667m ² of potassium chloride at the 8-9 leaf stage; During the heading and flowering period, water should be irrigated in time when hot weather occurs.

A further improved plan: harvest the first crop of sorghum when 80-90% of the grains are mature.

Based on the above plan: Harvest when 80-90% of the grains are mature. On the one hand, the yield of sorghum can be guaranteed after receiving the goods. On the other hand, the roots of sorghum can have more vitality to promote the growth of new seedlings.

Further improved plan: sorghum straw is cut obliquely with a cutting angle of 30°.

Based on the above scheme, when the incision angle is 30°, the mildew rate is the lowest.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

In the present invention, the first crop of sorghum is harvested when the grains are mature, and one node of the sorghum stalk is retained on the ground during harvest; by retaining one node of the sorghum stalk, the retained sorghum pile can be re-grown with sorghum seedlings, which can be used as The second crop of sorghum seedlings has a high emergence rate, which can solve the problem that when the second crop of sorghum is harvested in July-August, it is too late and the existing method of cultivating seedlings is used, which affects the emergence rate of ordinary breeding seedlings. The problem.

In addition, in the present invention, the sorghum straw is cut obliquely and the incision angle is 20°-45°, which can reduce the moldy rate of the sorghum pile incision after harvesting, thereby improving the quality of the sorghum seedlings. Applying imazalil to the incisions can further reduce the mold rate of the sorghum pile incisions; thereby improving the quality and survival rate of regenerated seedlings.

Detailed ways

It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

This embodiment provides a two-harvest cultivation method of sorghum, which includes the following steps:

S1. Sow and raise seedlings in the seedbed in late March or early April. Use a small shed to cover the seedlings with a film. The seed amount is 390-410g/667m ² ; soak the seeds in warm water at 55℃-60℃ for 8-12 minutes before sowing, and wait until they cool down to room temperature. Soak the seeds for another 7-9 hours.

In step S1, select a well-drained and leeward and sunny plot as a seedbed. Before sowing, soak the seeds in warm water at 55°C-60°C for 10 minutes. After cooling to room temperature, soak the seeds for 8 hours. Drain and then sow. Cover with fine soil or soil fertilizer. As long as the seeds are not exposed, then build an arch to cover the film; the ratio of seedbed to field is 1:20; after emergence, if there is a sunny day and high temperature, both ends of the film should be opened in time for ventilation.

Among them, the sorghum varieties are 'Chuanuoliang No. 1', 'Chuanuoliang No. 2', 'Jinnuo No. 3' or 'Lunuo No. 8', which have strong resistance, good commercial properties, high yield and moderate maturity period. , adapt to local cultivation, meet the needs of the target market, and have been registered by the state, the seed quality should comply with the regulations of GB 4404.1.

Choose a well-drained, leeward and sunny plot as a seedbed. Before sowing, soak the seeds in warm water at 55°C-60°C for about 10 minutes. Wait until the temperature drops to room temperature and then soak the seeds for about 8 hours (coated seeds are not soaked). Drain and sow. Use fine soil or Cover with soil and fertilizer, preferably without exposing the seeds, and then build a shed to cover with film. The ratio of seedbed to field is 1:20. .

S2. After emergence, remove the film and harden the sorghum seedlings at the 3-leaf and 1-heart stage.

If the soil in the bed is too dry during the seedling cultivation period, water should be watered in time. When the seedlings emerge and encounter high temperatures on sunny days, both ends of the film should be uncovered for ventilation to prevent the seedlings from burning due to high temperatures. At the 3-leaf and 1-heart stage, the film should be removed in time to harden the seedlings.

S3. Plant the sorghum seedlings at the 4-leaf and 1-heart stage. The planting hole density is 40×20cm, and one plant is planted in each planting hole.

25d-30d before planting, apply 1000kg/667m ² of organic fertilizer and 50kg/667m ² of compound fertilizer in combination with deep plowing (in compound fertilizer: N:P ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ O = 15:15:15), and the plowing depth is 25cm -30cm is appropriate; the heavy metal content of fertilizers should comply with the regulations of NY/T 394.

7 days to 10 days before planting, the soil should be plowed and evenly raked, and the borders should be made. The width of the border and the furrow should be 1.6m, the height of the border should be 25cm-30cm, and 4 rows should be planted in each border. Cover with degradable film or silver-gray two-color mulch film before planting; open it well. Drainage ditch to keep drainage smooth.

Before planting, spray 60-70ml of acetochlor mixed with 50kg of water per mu of field to kill weeds. It is best to transplant on cloudy days or in the afternoon. Water thoroughly after planting. The planting density is 40×20cm, 1 plant per hole, and 8,000 plants per mu. . If dead seedlings are found within 7 days after planting, they should be replanted in time.

S4. Fertilize, water and control pests and diseases regularly.

Fertilization principles and fertilizers should comply with the regulations of NY/T 394. Fertilization should be balanced according to the fertilizer requirement of sorghum, with organic fertilizers as the mainstay and chemical fertilizers as a supplement. Soil testing and formula fertilization are advocated.

After transplanting and turning green, combine cultivating and weeding, and apply seedling fertilizer in a timely manner. Apply urea 5kg/667m ² and potassium chloride 5kg/667m ² as seedling fertilizer; apply strong stem fertilizer at the 6-7 leaf stage, generally apply urea 7-10kg/667m ² and potassium chloride 7kg/kg/667m ² ; at the bell mouth Apply urea 10kg/kg/667m ² and potassium chloride 20kg/kg/667m ² at the 9-leaf stage; after heading, fertilize according to the plant growth, or use foliar top dressing.

Moisture management should comply with the regulations of NY/T 391 and GB 5084; keep the soil moist after planting and slowing down the seedlings, and choose watering time on sunny days in the morning or evening; clear ditches and drain water in a timely manner to prevent water accumulation in the ditches.

The main diseases include sheath blight, anthracnose, rust, etc. The main pests include aphids, sorghum borer, etc. In accordance with the plant protection policy of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control", priority is given to the use of agricultural control, physical control and biological control technologies, the rational use of high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue chemical pesticides, and compliance with pesticide safety interval regulations; including but not limited to the following Way:

Agricultural prevention and control: Select disease-resistant varieties and pay attention to seed disinfection and soil disinfection; clean the fields to reduce pathogens; cultivate strong seedlings and enhance plant resistance; strengthen cultivation management through agronomic measures to create environmental conditions that are not conducive to the occurrence of diseases and insect pests; agricultural operations Human cross-infection and spread of viruses should be prevented.

Physical control: In the early stages of pest occurrence, measures such as manual killing and pinching can be used, or silver-gray mulch film can be used to repel pests. Use insecticidal lamps, insect sex attractants, and color plates to trap pests.

Biological control: Protect and utilize natural enemies such as parasitic wasps, seven-spotted ladybugs, and spiders, use entomopathogenic microorganisms, Beauveria bassiana and other microbial preparations, Bacillus and other antagonistic microorganisms and their preparations, or plant trap plants for control.

Chemical control: The use of chemical pesticides should comply with the provisions of NY/T 393, and the scope of use should meet the requirements of the "List of Pesticides and Other Plant Protection Products Allowed to be Used in Green Food Production" in Appendix A of NY/T 393.

S5. Harvest the first crop of sorghum when the grains mature. When harvesting, keep one node of the sorghum straw on the ground and cut the sorghum straw obliquely with an angle of 20°-45°; it is preferred to cut the sorghum straw obliquely and The incision angle is 30°.

When 80-90% of the seeds are mature, the upper seeds turn red and yellow, and the middle and upper seeds become hard, they can be harvested. When harvesting, it is advisable to leave one node on the ground at a height of pile, usually about 3cm above the ground. Choose a sharp knife to cut diagonally on sunny days to minimize mechanical damage to the stems and ensure regeneration.

S6. Apply imazalil to the incision;

After applying imazalil to the incision, place a clear plastic cover over the incision.

S7. Irrigate the first crop of sorghum after harvesting, and apply 9-11kg/667m ² of urea.

Specifically, water should be irrigated promptly after the first crop of sorghum is harvested, and 10kg/667m ² of urea should be applied in combination with cultivating and weeding strips.

S8. Keep the lower part of the regenerated seedlings, set the seedlings when the regenerated seedlings have 3-4 leaves, and wipe off the excess seedlings.

Specifically, it is generally advisable to leave some seedlings, and set the seedlings when the regenerated seedlings have 3 to 4 leaves, with a density of about 12,000 plants/ ^667m2 , and eliminate excess seedlings.

S9. Regularly fertilize, water and prevent pests and diseases;

After the seedlings are established, apply 10kg/667m ² of urea and 1-2 times of balanced fertilizer; apply 10kg/667m ² of urea and 10kg/667m ² of potassium chloride at the 8-9 leaf stage; irrigate in time when high temperatures occur during the heading and flowering stages. Especially during the heading and flowering period.

S10. Harvest the second crop of sorghum when the grains are mature.

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with test data:

Test 1: Test on the influence of different bevel angles on the moldy rate of sorghum pile cuts after harvesting the first season sorghum;

Bevel angle: choose 20°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90° respectively.

The test results are shown in Table 1:

Table 1 Effects of different bevel angles on the moldy rate of sorghum pile incisions after harvesting of first-season sorghum

bevel angle Mold rate (%) 20° 7.36 30° 6.16 45° 8.25 60° 16.50 90° 25.34

As shown in Table 1, different bevel angles have a greater impact on the moldy rate of sorghum pile incisions after harvesting in the first season of sorghum. The moldy rate of the treatment with a bevel angle of 90° is 25.34%; while the moldy rate of the treatment with a bevel angle of 30° is only 25.34%. It is 6.16%, which is significantly lower than the bevel angle 90° treatment.

Test 2: Under the bevel angle of 30°, the effect of different chemical treatments on the moldy rate of sorghum pile incisions after harvesting of the first season sorghum:

Treatment 1: imazalil;

Treatment 2: Carbendazim

Treatment 3: No chemical treatment

The test results are shown in Table 2:

Table 2: Effects of different chemical treatments on the moldy rate of sorghum pile incisions after harvesting of first season sorghum

Chemical treatment Mold rate (%) imazalil 1.35 carbendazim 3.28 No chemical treatment 6.16

As shown in Table 2, different chemical treatments have a greater impact on the moldy rate of sorghum pile incisions after harvesting in the first season of sorghum. Under the treatment with an oblique cutting angle of 30°, the moldy rate of no chemical treatment was 6.16%; while the moldy rate of imazalil treatment was only It is 1.35%, which is significantly lower than the treatment without chemicals.

The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned optional embodiments. Anyone can produce various other forms of products under the inspiration of the present invention. However, regardless of any changes in its shape or structure, any product that falls within the scope of the claims of the present invention can All technical solutions within the scope fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A two-harvest cultivation method of sorghum is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, sowing and raising seedlings in a seedbed in the late 3 months or the early 4 months, covering the seedlings with a small arch shed film, and using the seed quantity of 390-410g/667m ² The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Soaking seeds in warm water at 55-60 deg.c for 8-12min before seeding, cooling to room temperature and soaking seeds for 7-9 hr;

s2, after emergence of seedlings, uncovering a film and hardening seedlings in a 3-leaf 1-heart period of sorghum seedlings;

s3, planting in a period of 1 heart of 4 leaves of sorghum seedlings, wherein the density of planting holes is 40 multiplied by 20cm, and 1 plant is planted in each planting hole;

s4, fertilizing, watering and controlling plant diseases and insect pests at regular intervals;

s5, harvesting first-crop sorghum when the seeds are mature, reserving 1 section position of the sorghum straw at the overground part during harvesting, and adopting oblique cutting to the sorghum straw, wherein the cut angle is 20-45 degrees;

s6, smearing imazalil on the incision;

s7, harvesting the first batch of sorghumAfter obtaining, pouring water and applying urea 9-11kg/667m ² ；

S8, reserving lower regenerated seedlings, fixing seedlings when the regenerated seedlings are 3-4 leaves, and wiping off redundant seedlings;

s9, fertilizing, watering and controlling plant diseases and insect pests at regular intervals;

s10, harvesting second-crop sorghum when the seeds are mature.

2. A method of cultivating sorghum according to claim 1, wherein: in step S6, after the incision is coated with imazalil, a transparent plastic cover is sleeved on the incision.

3. A method of cultivating sorghum according to claim 1, wherein: applying 1000kg/667m organic fertilizer by matching with deep ploughing 25d-30d before field planting in step S3 ² Compound fertilizer 50kg/667m ² The ploughing depth is 25cm-30cm.

4. A method of cultivating sorghum according to claim 1, wherein: the sorghum varieties are 'Chuan glutinous beam No. 1', 'Chuan glutinous beam No. 2', 'jin glutinous No. 3' or 'Lu glutinous No. 8'.

5. A method of cultivating sorghum according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S1, land with good drainage and leeward sun direction is selected as a seedbed, seeds are soaked in warm water for 10min at 55-60 ℃ before sowing, the seeds are soaked for 8h after the temperature is reduced to room temperature, the seeds are sown after draining, the seeds are covered by fine soil or soil and fertilizer until seeds are not exposed, and then an arch shed is used for covering a film; seedbeds and large Tian Bi are 1:20; after emergence of seedlings, the two ends of the film should be uncovered in time for ventilation in sunny days at high temperature.

6. A method of cultivating sorghum according to claim 1, wherein: at the time of fertilization in step S4: after transplanting and turning green, combining intertillage weeding, shi Niaosu kg/667m ² And potassium chloride 5kg/667m ² The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the 6-7 leaf stage urea 7-10kg/667m ² And potassium chloride 7kg/667m ² The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Shi Niaosu 10kg/667m at 9 leaf stage ² And potassium chloride 20kg/667m ² 。

7. A method of cultivating sorghum according to claim 1, wherein: at the time of watering in step S4: the soil is kept moist after field planting and seedling reviving, and watering time is selected to be carried out in the morning or in the evening of sunny days.

8. A method of cultivating sorghum according to claim 1, wherein: in step S9, 10kg/667m of urea is applied after final singling ² Applying 1-2 times of balanced fertilizer; urea 10kg/667m at 8-9 She Qishi ² And potassium chloride 10kg/667m ² The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And (5) water is irrigated in time in the high-temperature weather in the heading and flowering period.

9. A method of cultivating sorghum according to claim 1, wherein: when 80-90% of the seeds are ripe, harvesting the first batch of sorghum.

10. A method of cultivating sorghum according to claim 1, wherein: the sorghum straw adopts beveling and the incision angle is 30 degrees.