CN104303797A - Greenhouse cultivation method for pollution-free collards - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a greenhouse cultivation method for pollution-free collards and relates to the technical field of cultivation of the collards. The greenhouse cultivation method mainly includes the steps of 1), seedbed preparation, 2), seed soaking and sprouting, 3), nutritional-soil preparation, 4), seeding, 5), seedling bed management, 6), site preparation and fertilization, 7), greenhouse engraftment, 8), greenhouse management, 9), pest control and prevention and 10), harvesting. The greenhouse cultivation method for the collards is formulated scientifically and reasonably according to growth characteristics of the strawberries, pest control and prevention are performed by adopting efficient, low-toxicity and no-residual chemical pesticides and combining with a physical method, the excellent pollution-free collards are produced, yield of products is increased, and quality of the products is improved.

Description

Greenhouse cultivation method of pollution-free kale

Technical field:

The invention relates to the technical field of kale cultivation, in particular to a greenhouse cultivation method of pollution-free kale.

Background technique:

Kale, a biennial herb, is a horticultural variety of cabbage. Its structure and shape are very similar to cabbage, except that the center of the kale is not rolled up. Cultivated for one year, the plants form rosette-shaped leaf clusters, and after the low temperature in winter, they will bloom and bear fruit in the following year. Kale is nutritious and contains a lot of vitamins A, C, B2 and various minerals, especially calcium, iron and potassium. Among them, the content of vitamin C is very high, and the content of vitamin C in every 100 grams of young leaves reaches 153.6-220 mg. It is comparable to broccoli in cabbage and is known as the best vegetable for the human body.

In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards, people's demand for pollution-free fruits is increasing day by day. The so-called pollution-free fruit refers to the fruit whose content of harmful substances in the fruit is controlled within the allowable range stipulated by the state, and does not cause harm to human health after people eat it. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop the cultivation of pollution-free kale.

Invention content:

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a greenhouse cultivation method of pollution-free kale with low input cost and high yield.

Technical problem to be solved by the present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize:

A greenhouse cultivation method of pollution-free kale, comprising the steps of:

(1) Seedbed preparation: The seedbed is selected from plots that have not been planted with cruciferous vegetables in the past 3 years. The soil is deeply plowed to a depth of 15-20 cm. content of 25-30%, shallow turn once more, and then level the seedbed;

(2) Soaking seeds to accelerate germination: first put the seeds in the air for 6-7 hours under low light and ventilation, then use 55-56°C warm water to stir continuously for 15-20 minutes, after cooling, use 10% trisodium phosphate or potassium permanganate Soak the seeds in the solution for 20-30 minutes, then wrap them with wet gauze or a wet towel, filter out excess water, place them at 25°C to moisturize and accelerate germination, rinse the seeds with warm water in the morning and evening, and sow when 80% of the seeds are white;

(3) Nutrient soil preparation: prepare nutrient soil in summer and autumn high temperature season, choose soil miscellaneous fertilizer with complete nutrients, fertile, loose and no source of disease and insect pests, apply 15-20kg of imported ternary compound fertilizer per cubic meter of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, plant ash 15 -20kg and 10-15kg of decomposed vegetable cakes, mix well, cover the pile with plastic film, and turn the pile to dry 20 days before use;

(4) Sowing: Before sowing, pour enough water on the seedbed, use 60-70g of seeds per acre, spread the seeds evenly and cover with 0.5-0.8cm thick nutrient soil, then cover with old newspapers, and water the old newspapers Get wet, and finally cover with mulch, straw curtains or sunshade nets;

(5) Seedbed management: On a sunny day with sufficient sunshine, open the straw curtain at 9 am and cover the straw curtain at 3 pm, control the temperature of the seedbed at 18-23°C, remove the plastic film after the seedlings are unearthed, and open the second true leaf every day. Topdressing 45% three-element compound fertilizer 15-20kg per mu, topdressing once every 7-10 days, 6-7 days before planting, topdressing 45% three-element compound fertilizer 10-15kg per mu, 2-3 days before planting Spray 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800 times liquid;

(6) Soil preparation and fertilization: Select a plot that has not been planted with cruciferous vegetables in the past 3 years, plow through the frozen furrow before winter, and prepare the plot 15-20 days before planting, with a width of 1.2-1.5m and a width of 0.3-0.5 m, ditch depth 0.2-0.5m, apply decomposed soil miscellaneous fertilizer 2000-2500kg, imported ternary compound fertilizer 50-60kg, decomposed vegetable cake 80-100kg and urea 10-15kg per mu, and the soil should be turned once after fertilization;

(7) Greenhouse planting: when the seedlings grow 5-6 true leaves, they can be planted in two rows per row, with a plant spacing of 25-30cm, and 2800-3000 plants per acre, while raising seedlings, planting, and rooting Fertilizer and fixed root water, after planting, cover with plastic film, build a small shed and cover straw curtains;

(8) Greenhouse management: Combine intertillage and weeding after planting, less watering and no fertilization in the early growth period, topdressing urea 10-15kg per mu after harvesting, topdressing fertilizer 2-3 times throughout the growing season, pay attention to cold protection in winter Keep warm, cover with sunshade nets in summer, remove diseased old yellow leaves at the base and small side plants sprouting between leaf axils in time at the late growth stage;

(9) Control of diseases and insect pests: Spray 3000 times of liquid of 72% agricultural streptomycin, 500 times of liquid of 64% antivirus alum and 1500 times of liquid of 10% imidacloprid respectively during the growth period, and prevent 2-3 times;

(10) Harvesting: Each plant can harvest 20-30 leaves one after another, and the harvesting period can reach more than 6 months. When harvesting, choose the tender leaves with the size of the palm, and do not pick too small heart leaves. Pick them as they grow .

The fixed-root fertilizer adopts dilute livestock and poultry manure, and thiram or carbendazim can be added to the fixed-root water, and 50-100 g is used for every 50 kg of fixed-root water.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: according to the growth characteristics of kale, the present invention scientifically and rationally formulates a greenhouse cultivation method for kale, selects high-efficiency, low-toxicity, and low-residue chemical pesticides to prevent and control diseases and insect pests, thereby producing high-quality and pollution-free kale, and improved product yield and quality.

Detailed ways:

In order to make the technical means, creative features, goals and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

Example 1

A greenhouse cultivation method of pollution-free kale, comprising the steps of:

(1) Seedbed preparation: The seedbed is selected from plots that have not been planted with cruciferous vegetables in the past 3 years. The soil is deeply plowed to a depth of 15-20 cm. content of 25-30%, shallow turn once more, and then level the seedbed;

(2) Soaking seeds to accelerate germination: first put the seeds in the air for 6-7 hours under low light and ventilation, then use 55-56°C warm water to stir continuously for 15-20 minutes, after cooling, use 10% trisodium phosphate or potassium permanganate Soak the seeds in the solution for 20-30 minutes, then wrap them with wet gauze or a wet towel, filter out excess water, place them at 25°C to moisturize and accelerate germination, rinse the seeds with warm water in the morning and evening, and sow when 80% of the seeds are white;

(3) Nutrient soil preparation: prepare nutrient soil in summer and autumn high temperature season, choose soil miscellaneous fertilizer with complete nutrients, fertile, loose and no source of disease and insect pests, apply 15-20kg of imported ternary compound fertilizer per cubic meter of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, plant ash 15 -20kg and 10-15kg of decomposed vegetable cakes, mix well, cover the pile with plastic film, and turn the pile to dry 20 days before use;

(4) Sowing: Before sowing, pour enough water on the seedbed, use 60-70g of seeds per acre, spread the seeds evenly and cover with 0.5-0.8cm thick nutrient soil, then cover with old newspapers, and water the old newspapers Get wet, and finally cover with mulch, straw curtains or sunshade nets;

(5) Seedbed management: On a sunny day with sufficient sunshine, open the straw curtain at 9 am and cover the straw curtain at 3 pm, control the temperature of the seedbed at 18-23°C, remove the plastic film after the seedlings are unearthed, and open the second true leaf every day. Topdressing 45% three-element compound fertilizer 15-20kg per mu, topdressing once every 7-10 days, 6-7 days before planting, topdressing 45% three-element compound fertilizer 10-15kg per mu, 2-3 days before planting Spray 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800 times liquid;

(6) Soil preparation and fertilization: Select a plot that has not been planted with cruciferous vegetables in the past 3 years, plow through the frozen furrow before winter, and prepare the plot 15-20 days before planting, with a width of 1.2-1.5m and a width of 0.3-0.5 m, ditch depth 0.2-0.5m, apply decomposed soil miscellaneous fertilizer 2000-2500kg, imported ternary compound fertilizer 50-60kg, decomposed vegetable cake 80-100kg and urea 10-15kg per mu, and the soil should be turned once after fertilization;

(7) Greenhouse planting: when the seedlings grow 5-6 true leaves, they can be planted in two rows per row, with a plant spacing of 25-30cm, and 2800-3000 plants per acre, while raising seedlings, planting, and rooting Fertilizer and fixed root water, after planting, cover with plastic film, build a small shed and cover straw curtains;

(8) Greenhouse management: Combine intertillage and weeding after planting, less watering and no fertilization in the early growth period, topdressing urea 10-15kg per mu after harvesting, topdressing fertilizer 2-3 times throughout the growing season, pay attention to cold protection in winter Keep warm, cover with sunshade nets in summer, remove diseased old yellow leaves at the base and small side plants sprouting between leaf axils in time at the late growth stage;

(9) Control of diseases and insect pests: Spray 3000 times of liquid of 72% agricultural streptomycin, 500 times of liquid of 64% antivirus alum and 1500 times of liquid of 10% imidacloprid respectively during the growth period, and prevent 2-3 times;

(10) Harvesting: Each plant can harvest 20-30 leaves one after another, and the harvesting period can reach more than 6 months. When harvesting, choose the tender leaves with the size of the palm, and do not pick too small heart leaves. Pick them as they grow .

Wherein in the step (7), dilute livestock and poultry manure is used as the root-fixing fertilizer, and thiram or carbendazim can be added to the root-fixing water, and 50-100 g is used for every 50 kg of root-fixing water.

The greenhouse cultivation method of pollution-free kale of the present invention is compared with conventional cultivation method, and the results are as shown in table 1:

The greenhouse cultivation method of pollution-free kale of the present invention and conventional cultivation method comparative result of table 1

project Picking quantity Harvest period Incidence of pests and diseases Pesticide dosage economy Cultivation method of the present invention 25-30 tablets May-June 2-3% few good conventional cultivation method 12-20 tablets March-April 6-9% big generally

As can be seen from Table 1, the greenhouse cultivation method of pollution-free kale of the present invention increases the plant picking amount, prolongs the harvest period, reduces the amount of pesticides but reduces the incidence of diseases and insect pests, thereby producing high-quality pollution-free kale and improving food safety In addition, the greenhouse for cultivating kale can be developed into a tourist attraction to attract tourists to watch the kale and improve the economic benefits of the growers.

The basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above. Those skilled in the industry should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments, and what described in the above-mentioned embodiments and the description only illustrates the principles of the present invention, and the present invention will also have other functions without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Variations and improvements are possible, which fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (2)

1. a greenhouse cultivation method of pollution-free collard kale, is characterized in that, comprises the steps: (1) Seedbed preparation: The seedbed is selected from plots that have not been planted with cruciferous vegetables in the past 3 years. The soil is deeply plowed to a depth of 15-20 cm. content of 25-30%, shallow turn once more, and then level the seedbed; (2) Soaking seeds to accelerate germination: first put the seeds in the air for 6-7 hours under low light and ventilation, then use 55-56°C warm water to stir continuously for 15-20 minutes, after cooling, use 10% trisodium phosphate or potassium permanganate Soak the seeds in the solution for 20-30 minutes, then wrap them with wet gauze or a wet towel, filter out excess water, place them at 25°C to moisturize and accelerate germination, rinse the seeds with warm water in the morning and evening, and sow when 80% of the seeds are white; (3) Nutrient soil preparation: prepare nutrient soil in summer and autumn high temperature season, choose soil miscellaneous fertilizer with complete nutrients, fertile, loose and no source of disease and insect pests, apply 15-20kg of imported ternary compound fertilizer per cubic meter of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, plant ash 15 -20kg and 10-15kg of decomposed vegetable cakes, mix well, cover the pile with plastic film, and turn the pile to dry 20 days before use; (4) Sowing: Before sowing, pour enough water on the seedbed, use 60-70g of seeds per acre, spread the seeds evenly and cover with 0.5-0.8cm thick nutrient soil, then cover with old newspapers, and water the old newspapers Get wet, and finally cover with mulch, straw curtains or sunshade nets; (5) Seedbed management: On a sunny day with sufficient sunshine, open the straw curtain at 9 am and cover the straw curtain at 3 pm, control the temperature of the seedbed at 18-23°C, remove the plastic film after the seedlings are unearthed, and open the second true leaf every day. Topdressing 45% three-element compound fertilizer 15-20kg per mu, topdressing once every 7-10 days, 6-7 days before planting, topdressing 45% three-element compound fertilizer 10-15kg per mu, 2-3 days before planting Spray 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800 times liquid; (6) Soil preparation and fertilization: Select a plot that has not been planted with cruciferous vegetables in the past 3 years, plow through the frozen furrow before winter, and prepare the plot 15-20 days before planting, with a width of 1.2-1.5m and a width of 0.3-0.5 m, ditch depth 0.2-0.5m, apply decomposed soil miscellaneous fertilizer 2000-2500kg, imported ternary compound fertilizer 50-60kg, decomposed vegetable cake 80-100kg and urea 10-15kg per mu, and the soil should be turned once after fertilization; (7) Greenhouse planting: when the seedlings grow 5-6 true leaves, they can be planted in two rows per row, with a plant spacing of 25-30cm, and 2800-3000 plants per acre, while raising seedlings, planting, and rooting Fertilizer and fixed root water, after planting, cover with plastic film, build a small shed and cover straw curtains; (8) Greenhouse management: Combine intertillage and weeding after planting, less watering and no fertilization in the early growth period, topdressing urea 10-15kg per mu after harvesting, topdressing fertilizer 2-3 times throughout the growing season, pay attention to cold protection in winter Keep warm, cover with sunshade nets in summer, remove diseased old yellow leaves at the base and small side plants sprouting between leaf axils in time at the late growth stage; (9) Control of diseases and insect pests: Spray 3000 times of liquid of 72% agricultural streptomycin, 500 times of liquid of 64% antivirus alum and 1500 times of liquid of 10% imidacloprid respectively during the growth period, and prevent 2-3 times; (10) Harvesting: Each plant can harvest 20-30 leaves one after another, and the harvesting period can reach more than 6 months. When harvesting, choose the tender leaves with the size of the palm, and do not pick too small heart leaves. Pick them as they grow . 2. the greenhouse cultivation method of a kind of pollution-free kale according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the fixed root fertilizer adopts dilute livestock and poultry manure, and thiram or carbendazim can be added in the fixed root water, every 50kg Use 50-100g of root water.