CN104813825A - Maca plantation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a maca plantation method, and belongs to the technical field of agriculture plantation. A seedling growing process includes nutrient soil preparation, seed processing, sowing and seedbed managing, field management includes soil working, colonization, fertilizing water management and insect pest control, and final seed reservation includes selecting macas which are in accordance with the characteristics of the type, have tidy shape, glorious surface, less fibrous root, short and rough root tips, and are disease-free as seed plants. The seed plants are transplanted to a cleaned seed field, wherein the plant spacing is 10-20cm, and the line spacing is 30 cm. When the maca is planted, the soil is compacted. After colonization, sufficient root setting water is poured. Aphid is controlled during a flowering phase. When yellowish-brown initially appears on silique, the plants are pulled out timely and placed in a large dustpan. After the plants are exposed to the sun slightly, seeds are shaken off. The seeds are, after being aired, stored in ventilating bags in ventilating, cool and dry places. The method solves the problem the prior art is long in production period, high in investment cost and low in effective component content in maca.

Description

A kind of maca cultivation method

technical field

The invention relates to a maca planting method, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting.

Background technique

Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp, transliterated as "Maca") is an annual or biennial herb of the genus Lepidium in the family Cruciferae. Maca has the effects of anti-fatigue, anti-oxidation, enhancing immunity, improving sexual function, regulating endocrine, and improving fertility. Maca is native to the South American Andes at an altitude of 3500-4000m. It is a cruciferous plant and has the functions of strengthening the body, anti-depression, and relieving fatigue. It is a new type of health care product with a broad market prospect.

The birthplace of maca is Peru. Since 2001, my country has begun to study the artificial cultivation of maca. At present, there are certain areas of cultivation in Yunnan and Xinjiang. The planting method adopted is seedling raising, transplanting, intertillage and weeding, and harvesting. The problem with this method is that a large amount of intertillage and weeding work is required after transplanting, and the fertilization problem is not paid attention to in the later stage, resulting in relatively low yield. Chinese patent CN102090245A discloses "Cultivation Method of Maca Plant" (Chinese Patent No. 201010516199.5), which includes seed treatment, soaking seeds to accelerate germination, plug planting and seedling management, transplanting, drainage and irrigation, fertilization, intertillage weeding, harvesting Harvesting and storage steps, although the patent provides a plant maca cultivation method, it has disadvantages such as a long production cycle, high input costs, and low content of active ingredients in the planted maca.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the problems and deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a maca planting method. The method can solve the shortcomings of the prior art such as long production cycle, high input cost, and low content of active ingredients in the planted maca, and at the same time, after harvesting, the best fruit can be selected and reserved for planting in the next year. The present invention It is realized through the following technical solutions.

A kind of Maca cultivation method, its concrete steps comprise as follows:

A Seedling cultivation: including four processes of nutrient soil preparation, seed treatment, sowing method and seedbed management;

(1) Preparation of nutrient soil, select greenhouse nutrient trays for seedling cultivation, decompose and ferment with mountain base soil and sheep manure, spray thiophanate-methyl 1000 times liquid, sterilize and pulverize to make nutrient soil;

(2) Seed treatment, select plump and shiny seeds, soak the seeds in warm water at 25-30 ^o C for 24 hours before sowing, then soak the seeds in 30 times of formalin for 15 minutes to sterilize, rinse with clean water, dry the water and mix finely soil sowing;

(3) Sowing method, spread the seeds mixed with fine soil evenly on the disk-shaped nutrient soil, sow 1500 seeds per disk, then cover a layer of nutrient soil on the surface of the disk, pour enough bottom water, and keep the temperature of the greenhouse at 5-15 ℃, relative air humidity of 60% to 80%, timely ventilation, watering in the evening;

(4) Seedbed management, watering at the right time depending on the moisture content of the seedbed, germination and emergence, usually within a week;

B field management: including four processes of soil preparation, planting, fertilizer and water management and pest control;

(1) Soil preparation: Select the sandy loam soil that has not been planted with cruciferous crops before, and plow it twice. Before the last plowing, apply 30-45 tons of decomposed farmyard manure per hectare as base fertilizer, and spread it evenly on the surface. Bury it in the soil, rake it flat and open a ditch with a width of 0.8-0.9m to manage moisture and wait for planting;

(2) Planting: When the maca seedlings on the seedbed grow 5 to 8 true leaves during the seedling raising process in step A, transplant them with soil, water the seedbed 1 day before taking the seedlings, and transplant them with soil when taking the seedlings, using a pull wire Digging ponds for transplanting, the distance between plants and rows is 17cm×30cm, 1 plant per pond, 120,000 to 135,000 plants per hectare, compact the roots of seedlings when transplanting, and water the roots according to the weather;

(3) Fertilizer and water management: After planting and surviving, clear the manure water twice at the seedling stage, perform inter-cultivation and loosen the soil 3 to 4 times during the growth period, and manually pull out field weeds;

(4) Insect pest control: use trichlorfon mixed with oil dead or sprayed with best diluent to trap and kill cutworms in the growth of Maca;

C Seed retention: Select Maca plants that conform to the characteristics of this variety, have neat shape, smooth appearance, few fibrous roots, short and thick root heads, and are disease-free. , the row spacing is 30cm, the soil is compacted when planting, and the root water is poured after planting. Pay attention to the prevention and control of aphids during the flowering period. When the siliques first appear yellowish brown, pull out the plants in time, put them in a large dustpan, and shake the seeds after light drying. After falling and drying, store in a well-ventilated bag in a ventilated, cool and dry place.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the maca planting technology of the present invention has the characteristics of short growth period, low input cost, and high effective content of maca planted, the maca fruit planted by the present invention has a larger diameter, and at the same time, the protein content is higher than that of existing ones. The maca fruit with technology is 2 percentage points higher, and the polysaccharide content is 7 times higher.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in combination with specific embodiments.

Example 1

The maca planting method, its concrete steps comprise as follows:

A Seedling cultivation: including four processes of nutrient soil preparation, seed treatment, sowing method and seedbed management;

(1) Nutrient soil preparation, choose greenhouse nutrient trays to grow seedlings, use 5t of mountain base soil per hectare, sheep manure to decompose and ferment, spray 5000L of thiophanate-methyl 1000 times solution to disinfect and pulverize to make nutrient soil;

(2) Seed treatment, select plump and shiny seeds, soak them in 25 ^o C warm water for 24 hours before sowing, then soak them in 500g formalin 30 times solution per 100 seeds for 15 minutes to sterilize, rinse with clean water, dry the water and mix fine soil seeding;

(3) Sowing method: spread the seeds mixed with fine soil evenly on the disk-shaped nutrient soil, sow 1500 seeds per disk, then cover a layer of nutrient soil on the surface of the disk, pour enough bottom water, and keep the temperature of the greenhouse at 15°C. The relative air humidity is 70%, ventilate in a timely manner, and choose to water in the evening;

(4) Seedbed management, watering at the right time depending on the moisture content of the seedbed, generally 200g/seedling each time, to accelerate germination and emergence, usually within a week;

B field management: including four processes of soil preparation, planting, fertilizer and water management and pest control;

(1) Soil preparation: Select the sandy loam soil that has not been planted with cruciferous crops before, and plow it twice. Before the last plowing, apply 30 tons of decomposed farmyard manure per hectare as base fertilizer, spread it evenly on the surface, and bury it in the soil when plowing After raking, ditch with a width of 0.8m to manage moisture and wait for planting;

(2) Planting: When the maca seedlings on the seedbed grow 5 to 8 true leaves during the seedling raising process in step A, transplant them with soil, water the seedbed 1 day before taking the seedlings, and transplant them with soil when taking the seedlings, using a pull wire Digging ponds for transplanting, the distance between plants and rows is 17cm×30cm, 1 plant per pond, 120,000 plants per hectare, compact the roots of seedlings when transplanting, and water the roots according to the weather, watering 200g/seedlings every 2 days in sunny days pour water once;

(3) Fertilizer and water management: After planting and surviving, clear the manure water twice at the seedling stage, perform intertillage and loosen the soil three times during the growth period, and manually pull out field weeds;

(4) Insect pest control: Use trichlorfon with a concentration of 50mg of liquid medicine/1000g of water and an amount of 100g of diluted liquid medicine/seedling mixed with oil dry to trap and kill cutworms growing in Maca;

C Seed retention: Select maca plants that conform to the characteristics of this variety, have neat shape, smooth appearance, few fibrous roots, short and thick root heads, and are disease-free. 30cm, compact the soil when planting, pour enough root water after planting, pay attention to the prevention and control of aphids during the flowering period, when the siliques first appear yellow-brown, pull out the plants in time, put them in a large dustpan, shake off the seeds after light drying, After drying, store in a well-ventilated bag in a ventilated, cool and dry place.

Comparative Experiment

The maca cultivated by the method of Chinese Patent No. 201010516199.5 is compared with the active ingredient content of maca cultivated in this embodiment, as shown in Table 1.

Table 1

        

As can be seen from the table, the diameter of the maca fruit planted by the present invention is relatively large, and the protein content is about 2 percentage points higher than that of the prior art maca fruit, and the polysaccharide content is 7 times higher than that of the prior art. The specific gravity is almost the same as a whole, but it is also higher, and when the number of seeds is more, the advantages of the present invention can be reflected. Therefore, the contents of the effective protein and polysaccharides in the Maca planted by the planting technology of the present invention are significantly increased compared with the prior art.

Example 2

The maca planting method, its concrete steps comprise as follows:

A Seedling cultivation: including four processes of nutrient soil preparation, seed treatment, sowing method and seedbed management;

(1) Nutrient soil preparation, choose greenhouse nutrient trays to grow seedlings, use 5t of mountain base soil per hectare, sheep manure to decompose and ferment, spray 5000L of thiophanate-methyl 1000 times solution to disinfect and pulverize to make nutrient soil;

(2) Seed treatment, select plump and shiny seeds, soak them in warm water at 30 ^o C for 24 hours before sowing, then soak them with 500g formalin 30 times solution per 100 seeds for 15 minutes to sterilize, rinse them with clean water, and dry them in the air Sowing with fine soil after watering;

(3) Sowing method: spread the seeds mixed with fine soil evenly on the disk-shaped nutrient soil, sow 1500 seeds per disk, then cover a layer of nutrient soil on the surface of the disk, pour enough bottom water, and keep the temperature of the greenhouse at 5°C. The relative air humidity is 80%, ventilate in good time, and choose to water in the evening;

(4) Seedbed management, watering at the right time depending on the moisture content of the seedbed, generally 200g/seedling each time, to accelerate germination and emergence, usually within a week;

B field management: including four processes of soil preparation, planting, fertilizer and water management and pest control;

(1) Soil preparation: Select the sandy loam soil that has not been planted with cruciferous crops before, and plow it twice. Before the last plowing, apply 45 tons of decomposed farmyard manure per hectare as base fertilizer, spread it evenly on the surface, and bury it in the soil when plowing After raking, ditch with a width of 0.9m to manage moisture and wait for planting;

(2) Planting: When the maca seedlings on the seedbed grow 5 to 8 true leaves during the seedling raising process in step A, transplant them with soil, water the seedbed 1 day before taking the seedlings, and transplant them with soil when taking the seedlings, using a pull wire Digging ponds for transplanting, the distance between plants and rows is 17cm×30cm, 1 plant per pond, 120,000 plants per hectare, compact the roots of seedlings when transplanting, and water the roots according to the weather, watering 200g/seedlings every 2 days in sunny days pour water once;

(3) Fertilizer and water management: After planting and surviving, clear the manure water twice at the seedling stage, perform intertillage and loosen the soil three times during the growth period, and manually pull out field weeds;

(4) Insect pest control: Use trichlorfon with a concentration of 50mg of liquid medicine/1000g of water and an amount of 100g of diluted liquid medicine/seedling mixed with oil dry to trap and kill cutworms growing in Maca;

C Seed retention: Select maca plants that conform to the characteristics of this variety, have neat shape, smooth appearance, few fibrous roots, short and thick root heads, and are disease-free. 30cm, compact the soil when planting, pour enough root water after planting, pay attention to the prevention and control of aphids during the flowering period, when the siliques first appear yellow-brown, pull out the plants in time, put them in a large dustpan, shake off the seeds after light drying, After drying, store in a well-ventilated bag in a ventilated, cool and dry place.

Example 3

The maca planting method, its concrete steps comprise as follows:

A Seedling cultivation: including four processes of nutrient soil preparation, seed treatment, sowing method and seedbed management;

(1) Nutrient soil preparation, choose greenhouse nutrient trays to grow seedlings, use 5t of mountain base soil per hectare, sheep manure to decompose and ferment, spray 5000L of thiophanate-methyl 1000 times solution to disinfect and pulverize to make nutrient soil;

(2) Seed treatment, select plump and shiny seeds, soak the seeds in warm water at 28 ^o C for 24 hours before sowing, then soak the seeds in 30 times of 500g formalin for 15 minutes to sterilize, rinse with clean water, and dry in the air Sowing with fine soil after watering;

(3) Sowing method: spread the seeds mixed with fine soil evenly on the disk-shaped nutrient soil, sow 1500 seeds per disk, then cover a layer of nutrient soil on the surface of the disk, pour enough bottom water, and keep the temperature of the greenhouse at 10°C. Relative air humidity is 60%, timely ventilation, watering in the evening;

(4) Seedbed management, watering at the right time depending on the moisture content of the seedbed, generally 200g/seedling each time, to accelerate germination and emergence, usually within a week;

B field management: including four processes of soil preparation, planting, fertilizer and water management and pest control;

(1) Soil preparation: Select the sandy loam soil that has not been planted with cruciferous crops before, and plow it twice. Before the last plowing, apply 40 tons of decomposed farmyard manure per hectare as base fertilizer, spread it evenly on the surface, and bury it in the soil when plowing After raking, ditch with a width of 0.8m to manage moisture and wait for planting;

(2) Planting: When the maca seedlings on the seedbed grow 5 to 8 true leaves during the seedling raising process in step A, transplant them with soil, water the seedbed 1 day before taking the seedlings, and transplant them with soil when taking the seedlings, using a pull wire Digging ponds for transplanting, plant row spacing 17cm×30cm, 1 plant per pond, 130,000 plants per hectare, compact the roots of the seedlings when transplanting, and water the roots according to the weather, watering 200g/seedling every 2 days in sunny days pour water once;

(3) Fertilizer and water management: After planting and surviving, clear the manure water twice at the seedling stage, perform intertillage and loosen the soil four times during the growth period, and manually pull out field weeds;

(4) Insect pest control: the dosage is 100g/seedling, the concentration is 50mg of liquid medicine/1000g of water and Baishida diluent to trap and kill cutworms in the growth of Maca;

C Seed retention: Select maca plants that conform to the characteristics of this variety, have neat shape, smooth appearance, few fibrous roots, short and thick root heads, and are disease-free. 30cm, compact the soil when planting, pour enough root water after planting, pay attention to the prevention and control of aphids during the flowering period, when the siliques first appear yellow-brown, pull out the plants in time, put them in a large dustpan, shake off the seeds after light drying, After drying, store in a well-ventilated bag in a ventilated, cool and dry place.

The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention within the scope of knowledge possessed by those of ordinary skill in the art .

Claims (1)

1. a maca planting method is characterized in that concrete steps comprise as follows: A Seedling cultivation: including four processes of nutrient soil preparation, seed treatment, sowing method and seedbed management; (1) Preparation of nutrient soil, select greenhouse nutrient trays for seedling cultivation, decompose and ferment with mountain base soil and sheep manure, spray thiophanate-methyl 1000 times liquid, sterilize and pulverize to make nutrient soil; (2) Seed treatment, select plump and shiny seeds, soak the seeds in warm water at 25-30°C for 24 hours before sowing, then soak the seeds in 30 times of formalin for 15 minutes to sterilize, rinse with clean water, dry the water and mix with fine soil sowing; (3) Sowing method, spread the seeds mixed with fine soil evenly on the disk-shaped nutrient soil, sow 1500 seeds per disk, then cover a layer of nutrient soil on the surface of the disk, pour enough bottom water, and keep the temperature of the greenhouse at 5-15 ℃, relative air humidity of 60% to 80%, timely ventilation, watering in the evening; (4) Seedbed management, watering at the right time depending on the moisture content of the seedbed, germination and emergence, usually within a week; B field management: including four processes of soil preparation, planting, fertilizer and water management and pest control; (1) Soil preparation: Select the sandy loam soil that has not been planted with cruciferous crops before, and plow it twice. Before the last plowing, apply 30-45 tons of decomposed farmyard manure per hectare as base fertilizer, and spread it evenly on the surface. Bury it in the soil, rake it flat and open a ditch with a width of 0.8-0.9m to manage moisture and wait for planting; (2) Planting: When the maca seedlings on the seedbed grow 5 to 8 true leaves during the seedling raising process in step A, transplant them with soil, water the seedbed 1 day before taking the seedlings, and transplant them with soil when taking the seedlings, using a pull wire Digging ponds for transplanting, the distance between plants and rows is 17cm×30cm, 1 plant per pond, 120,000 to 135,000 plants per hectare, compact the roots of seedlings when transplanting, and water the roots according to the weather; (3) Fertilizer and water management: After planting and surviving, clear the manure water twice at the seedling stage, perform inter-cultivation and loosen the soil 3 to 4 times during the growth period, and manually pull out field weeds; (4) Insect pest control: use trichlorfon mixed with oil dead or sprayed with best diluent to trap and kill cutworms in the growth of Maca; C Seed retention: Select Maca plants that conform to the characteristics of this variety, have neat shape, smooth appearance, few fibrous roots, short and thick root heads, and are disease-free. , the row spacing is 30cm, the soil is compacted when planting, and the root water is poured after planting. Pay attention to the prevention and control of aphids during the flowering period. When the siliques first appear yellowish brown, pull out the plants in time, put them in a large dustpan, and shake the seeds after light drying. After falling and drying, store in a well-ventilated bag in a ventilated, cool and dry place.