CN116656592A - 胶原基质培养皿及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于细胞培养技术领域,具体涉及一种胶原基质培养皿及其制备方法和应用。本发明所述胶原基质培养皿,其基质为胶原组成的形态致密的薄膜,杨氏模量为1‑120kPa。其制备方法如下:(1)将动物组织进行脱细胞处理,得到脱细胞组织;(2)将脱细胞组织加入胃蛋白酶溶液中进行消化,得到消化后溶液;(3)将消化后溶液的pH值调节至6.8‑7.4,得到胶原蛋白溶液,检测其浓度;(4)将步骤(3)得到的胶原蛋白溶液加入亲水化处理的培养皿并均匀覆盖培养皿底面,缓慢干燥脱水,在培养皿表面形成一层干燥而致密的薄膜,即可得到。可模拟体内胞外基质微环境,可调节基质硬度,以满足不同细胞培养研究对基质硬度要求的差异;制备方法操作简单,成本低。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于细胞培养技术领域,具体涉及一种胶原基质培养皿及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
人体不同器官和组织的硬度不同,在很多疾病发生过程中往往伴随着器官和组织纤维化,表现为组织变硬。为了研究疾病发生的机理以及药物的开发研究,需要在体外构建相应的细胞模型来模拟微环境中胞外基质的硬度。不同硬度基底培养皿可用于研究组织发育、干细胞分化、纤维化疾病等等。
目前,已有的不同硬度基底的培养皿的产品或方法所采用的材料是化学合成的聚合物,如Flexcell公司生产的CellSoft软基地培养皿使用硅胶来模拟不同基底硬度,其杨氏模量为1-60kPa。中国发明专利CN103898055A利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶来制备软基底培养皿,通过改变单体丙烯酰胺和交联剂的比例来制备不同硬度的凝胶,其杨氏模量分别为6kPa、10kPa、16kPa。由于这些合成的聚合物不是生物体的天然成分,需要对其进行修饰以利于细胞贴壁,常用的修饰分子包括胶原、RGD短肽等胞外基质蛋白分子,然而这些方法操作过程复杂,成本较高,不能完全模拟体内胶原的微环境。
胶原可以从动物或人体组织中提取出来,如从鼠尾(Rajan,N.,et al.,Preparation of ready-to-use,storable and reconstituted type I collagen fromrat tail tendon for tissue engineering applications.Nat Protoc,2006.1(6):p.2753-8.)、动物内脏(Singelyn,J.M.,et al.,Naturally derived myocardial matrixas an injectable scaffold for cardiac tissue engineering.Biomaterials,2009.30(29):p.5409-16.)、肿瘤(Kibbey,M.C.,Maintenance of the EHS sarcoma and Matrigelpreparation.Journal of tissue culture methods,1994.16(3):p.227-230.)等组织中提取胶原。中国发明专利CN110628699A利用鼠尾胶原制备了杨氏模量小于1kPa的凝胶,康宁公司(Corning Incorporated)生产的从小鼠肿瘤组织中提取的胶原产品Matrigel(基质胶)也可以形成类似的软的水凝胶,浓度为10-20mg/mL,这些胶原凝胶通常用来进行细胞的三维培养,例如将血管细胞在这些胶原凝胶中培养可以形成血管网络,将上皮细胞或肿瘤细胞在其中培养可以形成类器官结构。胶原凝胶一般具有较小的硬度,这些胶原凝胶由于比较软,通常杨氏模量为1kPa左右,不能用于组织纤维化等要求较高硬度的研究,通常组织纤维化的研究要求基底硬度为几十到几百kPa。胶原是器官和组织中胞外基质的主要成分,但是尚未有利用纯的胶原来制作不同硬度的细胞培养皿。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种胶原基质培养皿,可模拟体内胞外基质微环境,同时可调节基质硬度,以满足不同细胞培养研究对基质硬度要求的差异,本发明同时提供了其制备方法,操作简单且成本低,本发明还提供了所述胶原基质培养皿在细胞培养中的应用。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现:
本发明所述胶原基质培养皿,其基质为胶原组成的形态致密的薄膜,其杨氏模量为1-120kPa。
本发明所述胶原基质培养皿的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将动物组织进行脱细胞处理,得到脱细胞组织;
(2)将脱细胞组织加入胃蛋白酶溶液中进行消化,得到消化后溶液;
(3)将消化后溶液的pH值调节至6.8-7.4,得到胶原蛋白溶液,检测其浓度;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的胶原蛋白溶液加入培养皿均匀覆盖培养皿底面,缓慢干燥脱水,在培养皿表面形成一层干燥而致密的薄膜,即得到所述胶原基质培养皿。
优选的,步骤(1)中:
动物为哺乳动物;
组织包括心脏、肺脏、肝脏、肾脏、皮肤、肌腱、胎盘、肠胃和肌肉;
脱细胞处理前,需对组织进行剪切至厚度为2-5mm;
脱细胞处理方法:室温下,将组织浸入含有1%SDS的PBS溶液中,每天换液2-3次,直至组织变为白色,用PBS将组织洗三次,然后在含有1%TritonX-100的PBS溶液中进行脱细胞处理一天,再用PBS洗组织,直至没有泡沫。
优选的,步骤(2)中:
胃蛋白酶溶液浓度为1mg/mL,用0.01N盐酸溶液配制而成。
每mL胃蛋白酶溶液中加入干重为5-10mg的脱细胞组织。
消化温度为20-26℃,消化过程中需进行搅拌,转速为200-2000rpm,持续时间为2天。
优选的,步骤(3)中:
pH调节剂为1M氢氧化钠溶液;
胶原蛋白溶液浓度可使用试剂盒检测,如Lowry法蛋白浓度测定试剂盒;
实际操作中,在测定胶原蛋白溶液浓度后,如果浓度较高,为了方便后续制备,可使用去离子水对其浓度进行调整。
优选的,步骤(4)中:
培养皿为表面经过亲水化处理后的培养皿;加入胶原蛋白溶液之前,培养皿的表面需进行亲水化处理,优选采用等离子清洗方法或氧化方法,使其表面清洁,并具有良好的亲水性;对于已经过表面处理的商用的无菌细胞培养皿,可以直接向其中加入胶原蛋白溶液使用;
所述培养皿还可以是其他细胞培养器皿,如底部为塑料、玻璃片或其他材料的细胞培养器皿,形状可以是圆形、方形、长方形等形状;
干燥脱水的温度≤37℃,持续时间3-5天。
需要注意的是,如果用于细胞培养实验,上述制备过程及使用的试剂及药品均需要无菌。
在实际制备过程中,不同研究所需的胶原基质硬度,是通过改变薄膜厚度实现的,而薄膜厚度由单位培养皿面积的胶原蛋白的质量决定,即为培养皿上的胶原密度,胶原密度越大,则薄膜厚度越大,胶原基质硬度越小,相应的杨氏模量越小;反之,胶原密度越小,则薄膜厚度越小,胶原基质硬度越大,相应的杨氏模量越大。
培养皿上的胶原密度的计算公式为:胶原蛋白溶液体积×胶原蛋白溶液浓度/培养皿底面积;杨氏模量检测方法:先向胶原基质培养皿中加入细胞培养液或PBS,再使用原子力显微镜进行检测。
本发明所述胶原基质培养皿可应用于贴壁细胞培养,细胞包括血管内皮细胞、周细胞、成纤维细胞、上皮细胞、平滑肌细胞、骨骼肌细胞、心肌细胞、骨细胞、免疫细胞、神经细胞、间充质干细胞、成体干细胞、胚胎干细胞和诱导多能干细胞。
所述胶原基质培养皿保存条件为无菌,4℃。
所述胶原基质培养皿使用时,向培养皿中加入细胞培养液及待培养细胞,即可进行常规的细胞培养相关试验。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
1.本发明所述胶原基质培养皿可模拟体内胞外基质微环境。相比现有的硅胶或聚丙烯酰胺凝胶,本发明所述胶原基质培养皿使用纯胶原蛋白,不含有任何化学交联剂或合成聚合物,是纯天然的胞外基质成分。
2.本发明所述胶原基质培养皿可调节基质硬度,以满足不同细胞培养研究对基质硬度要求的差异。相比于现有的胶原凝胶,其通常硬度较小,比较软,通常杨氏模量为1kPa左右,不能用于组织纤维化等要求较高硬度的研究。
3.本发明所述制备方法操作简单,成本低。首先,硅胶或聚丙烯酰胺凝胶是人工合成的聚合物,无细胞贴壁所需的配体,需要进行额外修饰胶原或RGD等胞外基质蛋白分子才能用于细胞培养,而本发明制备方法使用的为天然的胶原蛋白分子,不需要进行额外修饰;其次,利用硅胶或聚丙烯酰胺等人工合成的聚合物的方法是通过改变聚合物单体和交联剂的比例来调控聚合程度和材料硬度,而本发明所述方法利用沉积不同厚度的胶原薄膜来调控表面硬度,因此,本发明操作简单,成本低。
4.本发明所述胶原基质培养皿应用于细胞培养,适用范围较广,包括血管内皮细胞、周细胞、成纤维细胞、上皮细胞、平滑肌细胞、骨骼肌细胞、心肌细胞、骨细胞、免疫细胞、神经细胞、间充质干细胞、成体干细胞、胚胎干细胞和诱导多能干细胞;可构建微血管纤维化模型,用于生物医学基础研究、药理研究、药物筛选和评价,构建组织工程血管,以及再生医学研究及临床应用等领域。
5.本发明所述胶原基质培养皿培养的微血管,能更好地维持微血管内皮细胞和周细胞的稳定性,抑制周细胞向肌成纤维细胞分化,可作为研究微血管纤维化的模型;此外,在培养其他类型细胞时,可通过调节胶原基质硬度来调节细胞功能。
附图说明
图1、胶原基质薄膜截面的扫描电镜图;
图2、不同硬度的胶原基质培养皿上建立的微血管纤维化模型免疫荧光染色图;
图3、不同硬度的胶原基质培养皿上微血管基因表达变化;
图4、培养皿上胶原密度与胶原薄膜表面杨氏模量关系图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述。实施例中用到的所有原料除特殊说明外,均为市购。
实施例1
本发明所述胶原基质培养皿的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将猪肾脏组织剪切至厚度为2-5mm,进行脱细胞处理,得到脱细胞组织;
脱细胞处理方法:室温下,将组织浸入含有1%SDS的PBS溶液中,每天换液3次,直至组织变为白色,用PBS将组织洗三次,然后在含有1%TritonX-100的PBS溶液中进行脱细胞处理一天,再用PBS洗组织,直至没有泡沫;
(2)将脱细胞组织加入胃蛋白酶溶液中进行消化,得到消化后溶液;
胃蛋白酶溶液浓度为1mg/mL,用0.01N盐酸溶液配制;每mL胃蛋白酶溶液中加入干重为10mg的脱细胞组织;
消化温度为25℃,消化过程中需进行搅拌,转速为600rpm,持续时间为2天;
(3)使用1M氢氧化钠溶液将消化后溶液的pH值调节至7,得到胶原蛋白溶液,使用Lowry法蛋白浓度测定试剂盒检测其浓度,用去离子水调节浓度为5mg/mL;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的胶原蛋白溶液取4.15mL加入35mm规格培养皿均匀覆盖培养皿底面,得到培养皿表面胶原密度为25μg/mm2,在30℃干燥箱中缓慢干燥脱水5天,在培养皿表面形成一层干燥而致密的薄膜,即得到所述胶原基质培养皿。
检测其杨氏模量约为3kPa,并对胶原基质薄膜截面进行电镜扫描,如图1,可以看出,得到的胶原基质培养皿的基质为一层致密而干燥的薄膜。
实施例2
本发明所述胶原基质培养皿的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将猪肾脏组织剪切至厚度为2-5mm,进行脱细胞处理,得到脱细胞组织;
脱细胞处理方法:室温下,将组织浸入含有1%SDS的PBS溶液中,每天换液3次,直至组织变为白色,用PBS将组织洗三次,然后在含有1%TritonX-100的PBS溶液中进行脱细胞处理一天,再用PBS洗组织,直至没有泡沫;
(2)将脱细胞组织加入胃蛋白酶溶液中进行消化,得到消化后溶液;
胃蛋白酶溶液浓度为1mg/mL,用0.01N盐酸溶液配制;每mL胃蛋白酶溶液中加入干重为10mg的脱细胞组织;
消化温度为20℃,消化过程中需进行搅拌,转速为2000rpm,持续时间为2天;
(3)使用1M氢氧化钠溶液将消化后溶液的pH值调节至6.8,得到胶原蛋白溶液,使用Lowry法蛋白浓度测定试剂盒检测其浓度,用去离子水调节浓度为1.25mg/mL;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的胶原蛋白溶液取4.15mL加入35mm规格培养皿均匀覆盖培养皿底面,得到培养皿表面胶原密度为6.25μg/mm2,在32℃干燥箱中缓慢干燥脱水4d,在培养皿表面形成一层干燥而致密的薄膜,即得到所述胶原基质培养皿。
检测其杨氏模量约为6kPa,得到的胶原基质培养皿的基质为一层致密而干燥的薄膜。
实施例3
本发明所述胶原基质培养皿的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将猪肾脏组织剪切至厚度为2-5mm,进行脱细胞处理,得到脱细胞组织;
脱细胞处理方法:室温下,将组织浸入含有1%SDS的PBS溶液中,每天换液3次,直至组织变为白色,用PBS将组织洗三次,然后在含有1%TritonX-100的PBS溶液中进行脱细胞处理一天,再用PBS洗组织,直至没有泡沫;
(2)将脱细胞组织加入胃蛋白酶溶液中进行消化,得到消化后溶液;
胃蛋白酶溶液浓度为1mg/mL,用0.01N盐酸溶液配制;每mL胃蛋白酶溶液中加入干重为10mg的脱细胞组织;
消化温度为26℃,消化过程中需进行搅拌,转速为200rpm,持续时间为2天;
(3)使用1M氢氧化钠溶液将消化后溶液的pH值调节至6.8,得到胶原蛋白溶液,使用Lowry法蛋白浓度测定试剂盒检测其浓度,用去离子水调节浓度至0.5mg/mL;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的胶原蛋白溶液取2.075mL加入35mm规格培养皿均匀覆盖培养皿底面,得到培养皿表面胶原密度为1.25μg/mm2,在37℃干燥箱中缓慢干燥脱水3d,在培养皿表面形成一层干燥而致密的薄膜,即得到所述胶原基质培养皿。
检测其杨氏模量约为20kPa,得到的胶原基质培养皿的基质为一层致密而干燥的薄膜。
实施例4
制备过程参考实施例1,从猪心脏组织提取的浓度为0.1mg/mL的胶原蛋白溶液,取2.075mL加入到规格为35mm的培养皿中,得到培养皿表面胶原密度为0.25μg/mm2。检测其杨氏模量约为45kPa。
实施例5
制备过程参考实施例1,从猪肝脏组织提取的浓度为0.01mg/mL的胶原蛋白溶液,取2.075mL加入到规格为35mm的培养皿中,得到培养皿表面胶原密度为0.025μg/mm2。检测其杨氏模量约为120kPa。
细胞培养试验
分别使用实施例1-5制备得到的不同硬度的胶原基质培养皿上培养微血管细胞:
无菌条件下,向培养皿中加入细胞培养液及微血管细胞,细胞培养方法参考中国发明专利CN114540278A,建立微血管纤维化模型,进行免疫荧光染色,结果如图2,杨氏模量分别为:A、120kPa;B、45kPa;C、20kPa;D、6kPa;E、3kPa;激光共聚焦成像分析CD31、NG2、αSMA表达情况,DAPI染细胞核,标尺为100μm。同时,qRT-PCR分析了不同硬度的胶原基质培养皿上微血管基因表达变化,具体分析了周细胞标志物Ng2和肌成纤维细胞标志物αSMA基因表达情况,如图3。
试验发现微血管周细胞在硬的胶原膜培养皿上倾向于分化形成肌成纤维细胞,而软的胶原膜培养皿可以较好保持周细胞状态和微血管稳定性。
参考实施例1制备方法,本发明进行多次试验,通过改变培养皿上的胶原密度,得到了杨氏模量为1-120kPa的胶原基质培养皿,加入细胞培养液或PBS后使用原子力显微镜测试胶原薄膜表面的力学性能(杨氏模量),得到培养皿上胶原密度与胶原薄膜表面杨氏模量关系图,如图4;同时,提供了培养皿上胶原密度与胶原薄膜表面杨氏模量具体数据对应表,见表1。
表1培养皿上胶原密度与胶原薄膜表面杨氏模量具体数据对应表
通过对相关数据进行分析拟合,本发明提出有关培养皿上胶原密度(D,单位μg/mm2)和胶原薄膜表面杨氏模量(Y,单位kPa)之间的函数关系如下:
1.当D≥25时,Y=f(D)=1.5×(D^0.5)+1.5;
2.当2.5≤D<25时,Y=g(D)=3×(D^0.5)-6.5;
3.当D<2.5时,Y=h(D)=-30×log2(D)+110.5;
其中,^表示幂运算,log2表示以2为底的对数运算。
Claims (10)
1.一种胶原基质培养皿,其特征在于:所述基质为胶原组成的形态致密的薄膜,其杨氏模量为1-120kPa。
2.一种权利要求1所述的胶原基质培养皿的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)将动物组织进行脱细胞处理,得到脱细胞组织;
(2)将脱细胞组织加入胃蛋白酶溶液中进行消化,得到消化后溶液;
(3)将消化后溶液的pH值调节至6.8-7.4,得到胶原蛋白溶液,检测其浓度;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的胶原蛋白溶液加入培养皿均匀覆盖培养皿底面,缓慢干燥脱水,在培养皿表面形成一层干燥而致密的薄膜,即得到所述胶原基质培养皿。
3.根据权利要求2所述的胶原基质培养皿的制备方法,其特征在于:动物为哺乳动物,组织包括心脏、肺脏、肝脏、肾脏、皮肤、肌腱、胎盘、肠胃和肌肉。
4.根据权利要求2所述的胶原基质培养皿的制备方法,其特征在于:胃蛋白酶溶液浓度为1mg/mL,用0.01N盐酸溶液配制而成。
5.根据权利要求2所述的胶原基质培养皿的制备方法,其特征在于:每mL胃蛋白酶溶液中加入干重为5-10mg的脱细胞组织。
6.根据权利要求2所述的胶原基质培养皿的制备方法,其特征在于:消化温度为20-26℃,搅拌转速为200-2000rpm。
7.根据权利要求2所述的胶原基质培养皿的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中,培养皿为表面经过亲水化处理后的培养皿。
8.根据权利要求2所述的胶原基质培养皿的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中,干燥脱水的温度≤37℃,持续时间3-5天。
9.一种权利要求1所述的胶原基质培养皿的应用,其特征在于:应用于贴壁细胞培养。
10.根据权利要求9所述的胶原基质培养皿的应用,其特征在于:细胞包括血管内皮细胞、周细胞、成纤维细胞、上皮细胞、平滑肌细胞、骨骼肌细胞、心肌细胞、骨细胞、免疫细胞、神经细胞、间充质干细胞、成体干细胞、胚胎干细胞和诱导多能干细胞。
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