WO2019045105A1 - 異常拍動心筋モデル及びその製造方法、異常拍動心筋モデルの形成剤並びに心疾患治療薬の薬効評価方法 - Google Patents
異常拍動心筋モデル及びその製造方法、異常拍動心筋モデルの形成剤並びに心疾患治療薬の薬効評価方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an abnormally beating myocardium model and a method for producing the same, a forming agent for an abnormally beating myocardium model, and a method for evaluating the efficacy of a therapeutic agent for heart disease.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose a three-dimensional assembly of cardiomyocytes prepared using collagen as a scaffold.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a novel abnormal beating myocardium model, a method for producing the same, and a forming agent that can be used for producing the abnormal beating myocardium model.
- An abnormally pulsatile cardiac muscle model comprising a three-dimensional tissue containing at least a part of cells containing collagen and a cell containing cardiomyocytes and collagen.
- the abnormally beating myocardial model according to [1] wherein the cells further contain collagen-producing cells.
- the method for producing an abnormally pulsatile cardiac muscle model according to [6] wherein the cells further contain collagen-producing cells.
- a forming agent of an abnormal beating myocardial model which comprises fragmented collagen
- An agent for forming an abnormally pulsatile cardiac muscle model wherein the average length of fragmented collagen is 100 nm to 200 ⁇ m and the average diameter of fragmented collagen is 50 nm to 30 ⁇ m.
- a method for evaluating the efficacy of a therapeutic agent for heart disease using the abnormally beating myocardial model according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein a therapeutic agent for cardiac disease is administered to the abnormally beating myocardial model A method for evaluating the efficacy of a therapeutic agent for heart disease, comprising: a process and an evaluation step for evaluating the efficacy of the treatment based on a change in beating behavior of an abnormal beating myocardial model administered with a therapeutic agent for heart disease.
- A which shows fragmented collagen obtained by homogenizing for 2 minutes
- B histogram which shows distribution of the length of fragmented collagen obtained by homogenizing for 5 minutes.
- NHCF human cardiac fibroblasts
- iPS-CM iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes
- NHCF human cardiac fibroblasts
- the abnormally beating myocardium model according to the present embodiment contains a cell containing cardiomyocytes (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “cell” in some cases) and collagen, and at least a part of the cells adhere to collagen. Consists of three dimensional bodies.
- abnormal beat cardiac muscle model refers to a cardiac muscle model which is composed of a three-dimensional tissue including cardiomyocytes and which has abnormal beat behavior as compared to a normal heart muscle model.
- the behavior of the beat includes a beat interval, beat rate, beat power, contraction and / or relaxation rate, and the like.
- the abnormal beating myocardial model may be one in which the beating behavior changes irregularly, and may be one in which the beating is enhanced or suppressed as compared with the normal myocardial model.
- the abnormally beating myocardium model can be used as a heart disease model (for example, a heart failure model, an arrhythmia model, a myocardial infarction model, etc.) caused by an abnormal pulsation of the myocardium.
- three-dimensional tissue is an aggregate of cells in which cells are three-dimensionally arranged via collagen such as fibrillar collagen, and is an aggregate artificially produced by cell culture. means.
- collagen such as fibrillar collagen
- the living tissue includes blood vessels and the like, and the configuration is more complicated than the three-dimensional tissue. Therefore, the three-dimensional tissue and the living tissue can be easily distinguished.
- cardiomyocytes examples of animal species to be derived from include human, pig, cow, mouse and the like.
- cardiomyocytes may be human iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPS-CM), mouse iPS-derived cardiomyocytes, or ES cell-derived cardiomyocytes.
- iPS-CM human iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes
- mouse iPS-derived cardiomyocytes mouse iPS-derived cardiomyocytes
- ES cell-derived cardiomyocytes iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes
- human iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes for example, those obtained by Riken Cell Bank, Takara Bio, etc. can be used.
- reagents to be initialized can be purchased from reprocell etc., iPS cells may be produced by themselves.
- the cardiomyocyte content may be 5 to 95% by mass, and 25% to 75% by mass, based on the three-dimensional tissue.
- the cells comprising cardiomyocytes may further comprise collagen producing cells. That is, the three-dimensional tissue may contain endogenous collagen.
- collagen producing cells means cells that secrete collagen such as fibrillar collagen.
- examples of animal species derived from collagen-producing cells include, for example, humans, pigs, cattle, mice and the like, fibroblasts (eg, human skin-derived fibroblasts (NHDF), human heart) Mention may be made of mesenchymal cells such as fibroblasts (NHCF), human myofibroblasts), chondrocytes, osteoblasts and the like, preferably fibroblasts.
- fibroblasts include, for example, human cardiac fibroblasts (NHCF) or human myofibroblasts.
- endogenous collagen means collagen produced by collagen-producing cells.
- the endogenous collagen may be fibrillar collagen or non-fibrillar collagen.
- the three-dimensional tissue contains collagen.
- Collagen includes, for example, fibrillar collagen or non-fibrillar collagen.
- the fibrillar collagen means collagen which is a main component of collagen fibers, and specific examples include type I collagen, type II collagen, type III collagen and the like.
- Non-fibrillar collagen includes, for example, type IV collagen.
- At least a part of cells including cardiomyocytes adhere to collagen.
- the collagen contained in the three-dimensional tissue may include exogenous collagen.
- the collagen preferably comprises fragmented collagen derived from exogenous collagen.
- exogenous collagen refers to externally supplied collagen, and specifically includes fibrillar collagen, non-fibrillar collagen and the like.
- exogenous collagen the animal species from which it is derived may be the same as or different from endogenous collagen. Examples of animal species from which exogenous collagen is derived include humans, pigs, cattle and the like. Alternatively, the exogenous collagen may be artificial collagen.
- the exogenous collagen is preferably fibrillar collagen. Examples of the fibrillar collagen include, for example, type I collagen, type II collagen and type III collagen, and preferably type I collagen.
- fibrillar collagen As the above-mentioned fibrillar collagen, commercially available collagen may be used, and as a specific example thereof, a pig skin-derived type I collagen freeze-dried product manufactured by Nippon Ham Co., Ltd. can be mentioned. Exogenous non-fibrillar collagen includes, for example, type IV collagen.
- exogenous collagen the animal species from which it is derived may be different from cardiomyocytes and cells containing them.
- the animal species derived from exogenous collagen may be different from collagen-producing cells. That is, the exogenous collagen may be heterologous collagen.
- fragment collagen refers to a fragment of collagen such as fibrillar collagen, which maintains a triple helical structure.
- One type of collagen from which fragmented collagen is derived may be used, or two or more types of collagen may be used in combination.
- collagen such as fibrillar collagen was dissolved in an acidic aqueous solution or the like, but the concentration was about 0.1 to 0.3% by weight and could not be dissolved much. Therefore, it has been difficult to increase the amount of collagen such as fibrillar collagen in the three-dimensional tissue by the conventional method.
- Fragmented collagen is hardly soluble in water, but it is speculated that dispersion in an aqueous medium facilitates contact with cells in the aqueous medium and promotes formation of a three-dimensional organized body.
- the average length of the fragmented collagen is preferably 100 nm to 200 ⁇ m, more preferably 22 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 100 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m.
- the average diameter of the fragmented collagen is preferably 50 nm to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably 4 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 20 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
- the method of fragmenting collagen such as fibrillar collagen is not particularly limited, and for example, fragmentation of collagen such as fibrillar collagen using a homogenizer such as an ultrasonic homogenizer, a stirring homogenizer, and a high pressure homogenizer is also possible. Good.
- a homogenizer such as an ultrasonic homogenizer, a stirring homogenizer, and a high pressure homogenizer is also possible.
- collagen such as fibrillar collagen may be homogenized as it is or may be homogenized in an aqueous medium such as physiological saline.
- the diameter and length of fragmented collagen can be determined by analyzing the individual fragmented collagen by electron microscopy.
- the content of collagen in the three-dimensional tissue may be 0.01 to 90% by weight, preferably 10 to 90% by weight, more preferably 1 to 50% by weight based on the three-dimensional tissue. More preferably, it is 10 to 40% by weight, and may be 10 to 30% by weight.
- collagen in a three-dimensional organized body means collagen constituting the three-dimensional organized body, which may be endogenous collagen or exogenous collagen. That is, the concentration of collagen constituting the three-dimensional tissue means the combined concentration of endogenous collagen and exogenous collagen.
- the concentration of collagen in the three-dimensional tissue can be calculated from the volume of the obtained three-dimensional tissue and the mass of the decellularized three-dimensional tissue.
- the content of collagen in a three-dimensional tissue can also be measured by a method using an antigen-antibody reaction such as ELISA or a chemical detection method such as QuickZyme.
- the three-dimensional structure preferably has a remaining rate of 70% or more after treatment with trypsin at a concentration of 0.25% of trypsin, a temperature of 37 ° C., pH 7.4, and a reaction time of 15 minutes, and is 80% or more It is more preferable that the content be 90% or more.
- the residual rate can be calculated, for example, from the mass of the three-dimensional tissue before and after trypsin treatment.
- the three-dimensional structure preferably has a survival rate of 70% or more after collagenase treatment with a collagenase concentration of 0.25%, a temperature of 37 ° C., pH 7.4, and a reaction time of 15 minutes, and is 80% or more Some are more preferable, and 90% or more is even more preferable.
- a three-dimensional assembly is stable because it is resistant to degradation by enzymes during or after culture.
- the three-dimensional structure preferably has a thickness of 10 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 100 ⁇ m or more, and still more preferably 1000 ⁇ m or more.
- a three-dimensional tissue body is a structure closer to a living tissue, and is suitable as a substitute for experimental animals and the like.
- the upper limit of the thickness is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 10 mm or less, 3 mm or less, 2 mm or less, or 1.5 mm or less. , 1 mm or less.
- the thickness of the three-dimensional tissue body means the distance between both ends in the direction perpendicular to the main surface when the three-dimensional tissue body is in the form of a sheet or a rectangular parallelepiped.
- the thickness means the distance at the thinnest portion of the main surface.
- the three-dimensional tissue is spherical, it means its diameter.
- the three-dimensional structure is an ellipsoid, it means its minor axis.
- the thickness is the distance between two points at which the surface intersects a straight line passing through the center of gravity of the three-dimensional structure. Means the shortest distance.
- the cells constituting the three-dimensional tissue may further include one or more other cells other than cardiomyocytes and collagen-producing cells.
- the three-dimensional tissue may contain cells including cardiomyocytes and components other than collagen (other components).
- Other components include, for example, elastin, collagen, proteoglycan, fibronectin, laminin and the like.
- An abnormally pulsating myocardial model consisting of a three-dimensional tissue body can be applied as a substitute for experimental animals (eg, a heart disease model caused by abnormal pulsation of the myocardium), a myocardial infarction model, a myocardial fibrosis model, etc. is there.
- the method for producing an abnormally beating cardiac muscle model comprises the steps of: contacting cells containing cardiomyocytes (hereinafter sometimes also simply referred to as “cells”) with exogenous collagen in an aqueous medium; And a culture step of culturing cells in contact with exogenous collagen, wherein the amount of exogenous collagen used in the contact step is 0 with respect to cells of 1.0 ⁇ 10 5 to 10.0 ⁇ 10 5 cells. .1 mg or more.
- Aqueous medium means a liquid containing water as an essential component.
- the aqueous medium is not particularly limited as long as exogenous collagen and cells can be stably present.
- liquid medium such as physiological saline such as phosphate buffered saline (PBS), Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), culture medium for vascular endothelial cells (EGM 2), etc. may be mentioned.
- the liquid medium may be a mixed medium in which two types of medium are mixed. From the viewpoint of reducing the load on cells, the aqueous medium is preferably a liquid medium.
- Contact process There is no particular limitation on the method of bringing the cells including cardiomyocytes into contact with the exogenous collagen in an aqueous medium.
- a method of adding a dispersion of exogenous collagen to a culture solution containing cardiomyocytes a method of adding cells to a medium dispersion of exogenous collagen, or adding exogenous collagen and cardiomyocytes to an aqueous medium prepared in advance. The method is mentioned.
- the cells may further contain collagen-producing cells.
- the resulting three-dimensional tissue will be more stable and cells will be more uniformly distributed.
- the details of the mechanism by which such a three-dimensional organization can be obtained are unknown, but are presumed as follows. First, cells contact and adhere to exogenous collagen. The cells then produce proteins (eg, collagen such as fibrillar collagen) which themselves constitute the extracellular matrix (ECM). The produced protein contacts and adheres on the exogenous collagen, thereby acting as a crosslinker between the exogenous collagens, and the structuring of fibrillar collagen and the like proceeds in an environment in which cells are uniformly present. As a result, a three-dimensional tissue structure which is stable and in which cells are uniformly distributed is obtained.
- the above estimation does not limit the present invention.
- fragmented collagen derived from exogenous collagen may be included as exogenous collagen.
- exogenous collagen and the fragmented collagen those described above can be used.
- the concentration of exogenous collagen in the aqueous medium in the contacting step can be appropriately determined in accordance with the shape, thickness, incubator size, etc. of the target three-dimensional tissue (abnormally pulsed myocardial model).
- the concentration of exogenous collagen in the aqueous medium in the contacting step may be 0.1 to 90% by weight, or 1 to 30% by weight.
- the amount of exogenous collagen used in the contacting step may be at least 0.1 mg per cell of 1.0 ⁇ 10 5 to 10.0 ⁇ 10 5 cells (cell count), 0.5 mg or more, 1 .0 mg or more, 2.0 mg or more, or 3.0 mg or more, 100 mg or less, or 50 mg or less.
- the exogenous collagen has the above range and the above range with respect to 2.0 ⁇ 10 5 to 8.0 ⁇ 10 5 cells, 3.0 ⁇ 10 5 to 6.0 ⁇ 10 5 cells, or 5 ⁇ 10 5 cells. It may be added as follows.
- the mass ratio of exogenous collagen to cells in the contacting step is preferably 1000: 1 to 1: 1, more preferably 900: 1 to 9: 1, and 500 It is even more preferable that it is from 1 to 10: 1.
- the ratio of cardiomyocytes to collagen-producing cells (cell number) in the contacting step may be 99: 1 to 9: 1, or 80:20 to 50: It may be fifty.
- the method may further include the step of settling the fragmented collagen and the cells together in an aqueous medium (precipitation step) during the contacting step or the culture step.
- a specific method is not particularly limited, for example, a method of centrifuging a culture solution containing fragmented collagen and cells containing cardiac muscle cells can be mentioned.
- the method for culturing the cells in contact with the fragmented collagen is not particularly limited, and can be carried out by a suitable culture method depending on the type of cells to be cultured.
- the culture temperature may be 20 ° C to 40 ° C, or 30 ° C to 37 ° C.
- the pH of the culture medium may be 6 to 8, or 7.2 to 7.4.
- the culture time may be 1 day to 2 weeks, or 1 week to 2 weeks.
- the medium is not particularly limited, and a suitable medium can be selected according to the type of cells to be cultured.
- the medium include Eagle's MEM medium, DMEM, Modified Eagle medium (MEM), Minimum Essential medium, RPMI, and GlutaMax medium.
- the medium may be a medium to which serum has been added, or may be a serum-free medium.
- the culture medium may be a mixed culture medium in which two types of culture media are mixed.
- the cell density in the culture medium in the culture step can be appropriately determined according to the shape, thickness, size of the incubator, etc. of the target abnormal beating myocardial model.
- the cell density in the culture medium in the culture step may be 1 to 10 8 cells / ml, or 10 3 to 10 7 cells / ml.
- the cell density in the culture medium in the culture step may be the same as the cell density in the aqueous medium in the contact step.
- the contraction rate during culture of the three-dimensional tissue is preferably 20% or less, more preferably 15% or less, and still more preferably 10% or less.
- the contraction rate can be calculated, for example, by the following equation.
- L 1 represents the length of the longest part of the abnormal beating myocardium model on day 1 after culture
- L 3 represents the length of the corresponding part in the three-dimensional tissue body on day 3 after culture .
- Shrinkage rate (%) ⁇ (L 1 ⁇ L 3 ) / L 1 ⁇ ⁇ 100
- the agent for forming an abnormally beating myocardium model is a forming agent for an abnormal beating model including fragmented collagen, and the average length of fragmented collagen is 100 nm to 200 ⁇ m, and the average of fragmented collagen is The diameter is 50 nm to 30 ⁇ m.
- 95% of the total amount of fragmented collagen may be in the range of 100 nm to 200 ⁇ m.
- 95% of the total amount of fragmented collagen may be in the range of 50 nm to 30 ⁇ m.
- forming agent of an abnormal pulsatile cardiac muscle model is meant a reagent for producing an abnormal pulsatile cardiac muscle model.
- the agent for forming the abnormal beating myocardium model may be in the form of powder, or may be in the form of a dispersion in which fragmented collagen is dispersed in an aqueous medium.
- a method of producing fragmented collagen and a method of using the above-mentioned forming agent the same method as the method shown in the above (Method of producing an abnormal beating myocardium model) can be mentioned.
- a method for evaluating the efficacy of a therapeutic agent for heart disease using an abnormally pulsatile cardiac muscle model comprising: administering a cardiac disease therapeutic agent to the abnormal pulsatile cardiac muscle model;
- a method for evaluating the efficacy of a therapeutic agent for heart disease comprising: an evaluation step of evaluating the efficacy by the change in beating behavior of the administered abnormal heartbeat myocardial model.
- a therapeutic agent for heart disease is administered to an abnormally beating myocardial model.
- the heart disease therapeutic agent include heart failure therapeutic agents such as isoproterenol, ⁇ blockers, myocardial infarction therapeutic agents such as nitrates, and antiarrhythmics such as amiodarone.
- Administration of the heart disease therapeutic agent may be carried out by using a medium containing the heart disease therapeutic agent as a culture medium for culturing the three-dimensional tissue, and the heart disease therapeutic agent is added to the culture medium for culturing the three-dimensional tissue. You may carry out by
- the abnormally beating myocardium model to which a therapeutic agent for heart disease is administered may consist of a three-dimensional tissue cultured for one or more days, and may consist of a three-dimensional tissue cultured for five days or more, It may consist of a three-dimensional tissue cultured for six or more days, and may consist of a three-dimensional tissue cultured for more days.
- the drug effect is evaluated by the change in the beating behavior of the abnormally beating myocardium model administered with a therapeutic agent for heart disease.
- Efficacy can be evaluated using the behavior of pulsation as an index.
- the behavior of the beat includes the beat interval, the beat rate, the beat power, the contraction and / or the relaxation rate, and the like.
- the change in the behavior of the beat may be, for example, a change in the number of beats per unit time and / or a change in the beat interval (time between beats).
- Efficacy may be evaluated based on a change in only one of the above-mentioned indicators, or may be evaluated on the basis of two or more of the above-mentioned indicators.
- Evaluation of drug efficacy includes, for example, the beating behavior of an abnormally pulsating myocardial model consisting of a three-dimensional tissue body administered a therapeutic agent for heart disease, and an abnormal pulsation comprising a three-dimensional tissue body not receiving a therapeutic agent for cardiac disease It can be performed by comparing the behavior of pulsation with that in the absence of myocardial model administration.
- the evaluation step may be performed multiple times. That is, evaluation of efficacy may be performed multiple times at predetermined intervals after administration of a therapeutic agent.
- the beat per unit time of the abnormal pulsation myocardium model receiving the treatment for heart disease If the number is high, it may be evaluated as effective as a drug for treating heart failure, as compared with the number of beats per unit time of an abnormally beating myocardial model in which no drug for treating heart disease was administered. If the number of beats per unit time of the abnormally beating myocardial model in which the therapeutic agent is administered is low, it may be evaluated that it is not effective as a therapeutic agent for heart failure.
- CMF fragmented collagen
- Lyophilized pig skin-derived type I collagen manufactured by Nippon Ham Co., Ltd. is dispersed in 10-fold concentration phosphate buffered saline (X10 PBS), and homogenized for 2 minutes using a homogenizer to a diameter of about 20 ⁇ Fragmented collagen having a size of 30 ⁇ m and a length of about 100 to 200 ⁇ m was obtained ((A) in FIG. 1).
- the diameter and length of fragmented collagen were determined by analyzing each fragmented collagen by electron microscopy.
- the obtained fragmented collagen was washed with serum-free medium (DMEM) to obtain a medium dispersion of fragmented collagen.
- DMEM serum-free medium
- the obtained medium dispersion of fragmented collagen could be stored at room temperature for one week.
- fragmented collagen obtained by the same method was used. Also, in the above method, when the homogenizing time is changed to 5 minutes, fragmented collagen having a diameter of about 950 nm to 16.8 ⁇ m and a length of about 9.9 ⁇ m to 78.6 ⁇ m was obtained (Table 1, (B) in FIG. From this result, it was found that the size of fragmented collagen can be controlled by adjusting the homogenization time.
- Fragmented collagen was dispersed in a medium (DMEM) containing serum so that the concentration was 10 mg / ml, to prepare a dispersion containing fragmented collagen.
- DMEM medium containing serum
- Example 1 The three-dimensional structure was manufactured as shown in the schematic view shown in FIG. That is, the dispersion containing the above fragmented collagen, human cardiac fibroblasts (NHCF) and human iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPS-CM) (hereinafter, NHCF and iPS-CM are collectively referred to as “cells”. ) was added to a nonadherent 96 well round bottom plate to bring fragmented collagen into contact with cells (contacting step). The dispersion containing fragmented collagen was added so that the addition amount of fragmented collagen was 0.5 mg. NHCF and iPS-CM were mixed at a ratio of 25:75, and added so that the total number of cells was 5 ⁇ 10 5 cells.
- FIG.2 Three-dimensional tissue 1 was spherical and had a diameter of about 1.0 mm after 21 days of culture.
- a dark colored part indicates collagen fiber
- a weak colored part indicates cytoplasm (hereinafter referred to as FIG. 2 (B), (D) and (E). The same applies to the above.
- Example 2 A three-dimensional organized body 2 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the dispersion containing fragmented collagen was added so that the addition amount of fragmented collagen was 1.0 mg.
- the observation result of the Masson's trichrome stained three-dimensional tissue 2 with a phase contrast microscope is shown in FIG. 2 (D).
- the three-dimensional tissue 2 was spherical, and the diameter after 21 days of culture was about 1.2 mm.
- Example 3 A three-dimensional organized body 3 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the dispersion containing fragmented collagen was added so that the addition amount of fragmented collagen was 1.5 mg.
- the observation result of the three-dimensional tissue body 3 stained with Masson's trichrome with a phase contrast microscope is shown in FIG. 2 (E).
- the three-dimensional tissue 3 was spherical, and the diameter after 21 days of culture was about 1.6 mm.
- Example 4 A three-dimensional organized body 4 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the dispersion containing fragmented collagen was added so that the addition amount of fragmented collagen was 3.0 mg.
- the diameter of the three-dimensional tissue 4 after 7 days of culture was about 4 mm.
- Example 5 A three-dimensional organized body 5 was obtained in the same manner as Example 1, except that the dispersion containing fragmented collagen was added so that the addition amount of fragmented collagen was 5.0 mg.
- the diameter of the three-dimensional construct 5 after 7 days of culture was about 5 mm.
- Comparative three-dimensional tissue 1 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the dispersion containing fragmented collagen was not added. The observation result of the comparison three-dimensional tissue 1 stained with Masson's trichrome by a phase contrast microscope is shown in FIG. 2 (B). Comparative three-dimensional tissue 1 was spherical and had a diameter of about 0.9 mm after 21 days of culture.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the evaluation method of the pulsation interval and the pulsation power of the myocardial model.
- the center of gravity of the myocardial model moves in response to the beat.
- the moving distance of the center of gravity when the cardiac muscle model contracts (the distance from the center of gravity shown in FIG. 3A to the center of gravity shown in FIG. 3B) and the moving distance of the center of gravity when the cardiac muscle model relaxes after contracting (FIG. 3) Evaluation was performed by measuring the distance from the center of gravity shown in (B) to the center of gravity shown in (C). The results are shown in FIGS.
- FIG. 4 (A) shows the beating behavior of the myocardial model of Example 2 obtained by adding 1.0 mg of fragmented collagen.
- FIG. 4 (B) shows the observation start time (0 second), contraction time (0.67 time) and relaxation time (1.27 second time).
- FIG. 5 (B) shows the beating behavior of a myocardial model obtained by adding 0 mg, 1.0 mg and 2.0 mg of fragmented collagen.
- the beat (pulse time interval and beat power) of the obtained myocardial model changes irregularly as compared with the case where it is not added.
- the beat power of the obtained myocardial model was reduced when collagen was added.
- FIG. 5 (A) in the myocardial model which did not add collagen, the behavior of pulsation was close to normal.
- FIGS. 6 and 8 show the beating behavior of the myocardial model in which the amount of fragmented collagen used is 0, 1, 3 and 5 mg, respectively.
- FIG. 7A shows the interval between the broken lines shown in FIGS. 6A to 6D (that is, the difference between one contraction-relaxation completion to the next contraction-relaxation completion time) (unit: second) The result of the average beating interval calculated from is shown.
- FIG. 7 (B) shows the average of standard deviations (S.D.) from 4 to 7 days of culture period (an indicator of pulsation irregularity).
- FIG. 9 shows the interval between contraction and relaxation of the myocardial model calculated from the interval shown by the arrows in FIG.
- FIG. 10 shows the results of measurement of the beating interval according to the number of days of culture, for myocardial models in which the amount of fragmented collagen used is 0, 1, 3, and 5 mg.
- the myocardial model obtained by adding the fragmented collagen had a short mean beat interval (ie, a greater number of beats per unit time).
- FIG. 7 (B) when 1 mg or 5 mg of fragmented collagen was added, the time interval of beats changed more irregularly.
- FIG. 9 in the myocardial model obtained by adding the fragmented collagen, the time required for one contraction and relaxation became longer (ie, the pulsation rate per one time decreased).
- the myocardial model manufactured by adding fragmented collagen is similar to the model which developed the disease. The pulsation behavior for each collagen amount is shown in FIG. In FIG.
- CMF fragmented collagen
- CMF concentration 9.8 mg / mL
- the dispersion was weighed from CMF dispersion medium to CMF 0, 1, 2, 3 mg, mixed with 5 ⁇ 10 5 cells of iPS-CM 75% / NHCF 25%, and seeded on a 96-well round bottom non-adherent plate (medium volume 300 ⁇ L) ). Then, it was centrifuged at 1100 g for 5 minutes to precipitate CMF and cells. After centrifugation, the cells were cultured in a 37 ° C. incubator. Medium change was performed by removing old medium once every two days and adding 300 ⁇ L of fresh medium.
- the above kit is a commercially available kit including DNeasy Mini Spin Column, collection tube, Buffer ATL, Buffer AL, Buffer AW1, Buffer AW2, Buffer AE, Proteinase K, etc. DNA was measured according to the following procedure.
- the sample to be measured was placed in a 1.5 mL Eppendorf tube, and 180 ⁇ L of Buffer ATL was placed. To this, 20 ⁇ L of proteinase K was added, vortexed and incubated at 56 ° C. until the tissue was completely dissolved (overnight). Then, the mixture was vortexed for 15 seconds, Buffer AL and ethanol were mixed in equal amounts, 400 ⁇ L was added to one sample, and vortexing was performed. The solution was added into a DNeasy Mini Spin Column (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as a column), and centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 1 min.
- DNeasy Mini Spin Column hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as a column
- the filtrate and collection tube were discarded, the column was transferred to a new collection tube, and 500 ⁇ L of Buffer AW1 was added. Thereafter, it was centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 1 min. The filtrate and collection tube were discarded, the column was transferred to a new collection tube and 500 ⁇ L of Buffer AW2 was added. After centrifugation at 14000 rpm for 3 min, the DNeasy membrane was completely dried. The filtrate and collection tube were discarded, the column was transferred to an Eppendorf tube (step 1), 200 ⁇ L of Buffer AE was added directly onto the DNeasy membrane (step 2) and incubated for 1 min at room temperature (step 3). Then, it centrifuged at 8000 rpm and 1 min conditions (operation 4). After repeating the steps 1 to 4, the collected filtrate was combined to 400 ⁇ L. This was measured by Nanodrop.
- the results of the rate of change in the amount of DNA are shown in FIG.
- FIG. 11 As a result of culturing for 7 days, the number of cells in the three-dimensional tissue using CMF increased more than that in the case where CMF was not used. By adding CMF and culturing, it is considered that more cells were alive or cells were alive longer. From the results in FIGS. 10 and 11, the three-dimensional tissue using CMF exhibits beating behavior similar to that at the initial stage of culture, even in the case of a long period (at least 7 days), and the cell survival rate is also CMF. Was higher compared to the construct (spheroid) that did not use. As a result, the myocardial model consisting of a three-dimensional tissue using CMF can be evaluated for efficacy over a long period of time due to the large number of cells or long survival.
- the beats of the tissue after culture for 5 to 6 days were photographed using a SONY Motion analyzer, and the number of beats was measured.
- the inside of the microscope was kept at 37 ° C. and photographed for 15 to 20 seconds.
- the plate was once removed from the microscope to remove the medium, and 300 ⁇ L of DMEM (drug-free tissue) or 300 ⁇ L of 100 nM isoproterenol mixed DMEM was added, respectively, and returned to the microscope again and incubated at 37 ° C.
- DMEM drug-free tissue
- 300 ⁇ L of 100 nM isoproterenol mixed DMEM was added, respectively, and returned to the microscope again and incubated at 37 ° C.
- Each beat was similarly photographed after incubation for 30, 60 and 80 minutes, and the number of beats was counted.
- Rate of change in pulse rate (%) (beat rate after each time of drug-added tissue / pulse rate before drug addition of drug-added tissue) / (beat rate after each time of drug-free tissue / Number of beats before medium change of tissue without drug addition) ⁇ 100
- FIG. 12 shows the results of the rate of change in pulse rate.
- the amount of CMF used was 0 mg, the drug responsiveness was bad, and when the amount of CMF used was 1 mg and 3 mg, the drug responsiveness was shown.
- the myocardial model in which CMF was used at 1 mg showed better drug responsiveness.
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Abstract
Description
[1]心筋細胞を含む細胞と、コラーゲンと、を含有し、当該細胞の少なくとも一部がコラーゲンに接着している三次元組織体からなる、異常拍動心筋モデル。
[2]細胞が、コラーゲン産生細胞を更に含有する、[1]に記載の異常拍動心筋モデル。
[3]コラーゲンの含有率が、三次元組織体を基準として10重量%~30重量%である、[1]又は[2]に記載の異常拍動心筋モデル。
[4]コラーゲンが外因性コラーゲンを含む、[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の異常拍動心筋モデル。
[5]コラーゲンが外因性コラーゲンに由来する断片化コラーゲンを含む、[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の異常拍動心筋モデル。
[6]水性媒体中において、心筋細胞を含む細胞と外因性コラーゲンとを接触させる接触工程、及び
外因性コラーゲンが接触した上記細胞を培養する培養工程、を含み、
接触工程における外因性コラーゲンの使用量が、1.0×105~10.0×105cellsの細胞に対して、0.1mg以上である、異常拍動心筋モデルの製造方法。
[7]上記細胞が、コラーゲン産生細胞を更に含む、[6]に記載の異常拍動心筋モデルの製造方法。
[8]外因性コラーゲンとして、断片化コラーゲンを含有する、[7]に記載の製造方法。
[9]断片化コラーゲンの平均長が100nm~200μmである、[8]に記載の製造方法。
[10]断片化コラーゲンの平均径が50nm~30μmである、[8]又は[9]に記載の製造方法。
[11]接触工程又は培養工程の間に、水性媒体中における外因性コラーゲンと細胞とを共に沈降させる工程を更に含む、[6]~[10]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[12]外因性コラーゲンと、上記細胞との質量比が、900:1~9:1である、[6]~[11]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[13]断片化コラーゲンを含む、異常拍動心筋モデルの形成剤であって、
断片化コラーゲンの平均長が100nm~200μmであり、断片化コラーゲンの平均径が50nm~30μmである、異常拍動心筋モデルの形成剤。
[14][1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の異常拍動心筋モデルを用いた心疾患治療薬の薬効評価方法であって、心疾患治療薬を異常拍動心筋モデルに投与する投与工程と、心疾患治療薬を投与した異常拍動心筋モデルの拍動の挙動の変化により薬効を評価する評価工程と、を含む、心疾患治療薬の薬効評価方法。
[15]評価工程において、心疾患治療薬を投与しなかった異常拍動心筋モデルの単位時間あたりの拍動数と比較して、心疾患治療薬を投与した異常拍動心筋モデルの単位時間あたりの拍動数が多かった場合には、心不全治療薬として効果があると評価し、心疾患治療薬を投与しなかった異常拍動心筋モデルの単位時間あたりの拍動数と比較して、心疾患治療薬を投与した異常拍動心筋モデルの単位時間あたりの拍動数が少なかった場合には、心不全治療薬として効果がないと評価する、[14]に記載の心疾患治療薬の薬効評価方法。
[16]評価工程が複数回行われる、[14]又は[15]に記載の心疾患治療薬の薬効評価方法。
本実施形態に係る異常拍動心筋モデルは、心筋細胞を含む細胞(以下、場合により、単に「細胞」ともいう。)と、コラーゲンと、を含有し、細胞の少なくとも一部がコラーゲンに接着している三次元組織体からなる。
また、三次元組織体が球体状である場合、その直径を意味する。さらにまた、三次元組織体が楕円体状である場合、その短径を意味する。三次元組織体が略球体状又は略楕円体状であって表面に凹凸がある場合、厚さは、三次元組織体の重心を通る直線と上記表面とが交差する2点間の距離であって最短の距離を意味する。
本実施形態に係る異常拍動心筋モデルの製造方法は、水性媒体中において、心筋細胞を含む細胞(以下、場合により、単に「細胞」ともいう。)と外因性コラーゲンとを接触させる接触工程、及び、外因性コラーゲンが接触した細胞を培養する培養工程、を含み、接触工程における外因性コラーゲンの使用量が、1.0×105~10.0×105cellsの細胞に対して、0.1mg以上である。
水性媒体中において、心筋細胞を含む細胞と、外因性コラーゲンとを接触させる方法としては、特に制限はない。例えば、心筋細胞を含む培養液に、外因性コラーゲンの分散液を加える方法、外因性コラーゲンの培地分散液に細胞を加える方法、又は予め用意した水性媒体に、外因性コラーゲン及び心筋細胞をそれぞれ加える方法が挙げられる。
断片化コラーゲンが接触した細胞を培養する方法は、特に制限はなく、培養する細胞の種類に応じて好適な培養方法で行うことができる。例えば、培養温度は20℃~40℃であってもよく、30℃~37℃であってもよい。培地のpHは、6~8であってもよく、7.2~7.4であってもよい。培養時間は、1日~2週間であってもよく、1週間~2週間であってもよい。
収縮率(%)={(L1―L3)/L1}×100
本実施形態に係る異常拍動心筋モデルの形成剤は、断片化コラーゲンを含む、異常拍動モデルの形成剤であって、断片化コラーゲンの平均長が100nm~200μmであり、断片化コラーゲンの平均径が50nm~30μmである。また、断片化コラーゲンの長さについて、断片化コラーゲン全体のうち95%が100nm~200μmの範囲にあってもよい。さらに、断片化コラーゲンの直径について、断片化コラーゲン全体のうち95%が50nm~30μmの範囲にあってもよい。
本発明の一実施形態として、異常拍動心筋モデルを用いた心疾患治療薬の薬効評価方法であって、心疾患治療薬を異常拍動心筋モデルに投与する投与工程と、心疾患治療薬を投与した異常拍動心筋モデルの拍動の挙動の変化により薬効を評価する評価工程と、を含む、心疾患治療薬の薬効評価方法が提供される。本実施形態によれば、心筋細胞の拍動に影響を与える心疾患治療薬の薬効を効果的に評価することができる。
日本ハム株式会社製のブタ皮膚由来I型コラーゲン凍結乾燥体を10倍濃度のリン酸緩衝生理食塩水(X10 PBS)に分散し、ホモジナイザーを用いて2分間ホモジナイズすることで、直径が約20~30μmであり、長さが約100~200μmである断片化コラーゲンを得た(図1の(A))。断片化コラーゲンの直径及び長さは電子顕微鏡によって個々の断片化コラーゲンを解析することで求めた。得られた断片化コラーゲンを無血清培地(DMEM)で洗浄し、断片化コラーゲンの培地分散液を得た。得られた断片化コラーゲンの培地分散液は、室温で1週間保存できた。後述する各異常拍動心筋モデル(三次元組織体)の製造においては、同様の方法で得られた断片化コラーゲンを用いた。
また、上記方法において、ホモジナイズする時間を5分間に変更した場合、直径が約950nm~16.8μmであり、長さが約9.9μm~78.6μmである断片化コラーゲンが得られた(表1、図1の(B))。この結果から、ホモジナイズする時間を調整することで、断片化コラーゲンのサイズを制御できることが分かった。
血清を含む培地(DMEM)にて濃度が10mg/mlとなるように断片化コラーゲンを分散させ、断片化コラーゲンを含む分散液を準備した。
三次元組織体は、図2(A)に示す模式図のとおりに製造した。すなわち、上記の断片化コラーゲンを含む分散液、ヒト心臓線維芽細胞(NHCF)及びヒトiPS細胞由来心筋細胞(iPS-CM)(以下、NHCF及びiPS-CMをまとめて、「細胞」ともいう。)を、非接着96ウェル丸底プレートに添加し、断片化コラーゲンと細胞とを接触させた(接触工程)。断片化コラーゲンを含む分散液は、断片化コラーゲンの添加量が0.5mgとなるように添加した。NHCFと、iPS-CMとは、25:75の割合で混合し、合計細胞数が、5×105cellsとなるように添加した。その後、所定期間培養し(培養工程)、三次元組織体1を製造した。三次元組織体1は、21日間培養後にマッソントリクローム染色(Masson trichrome stain)した。三次元組織体1の位相差顕微鏡による写真を図2(C)に示す。三次元組織体1は、球体状であり、21日間培養後における直径は約1.0mmであった。なお、図2(C)の左側及び中央の図において、着色が濃い箇所は、コラーゲン繊維を示し、着色の薄い箇所は、細胞質を示す(以下、図2(B)、(D)及び(E)においても同様である。)。
断片化コラーゲンを含む分散液を、断片化コラーゲンの添加量が1.0mgとなるように添加すること以外は、実施例1と同様にして三次元組織体2を製造した。マッソントリクローム染色した三次元組織体2の、位相差顕微鏡による観察結果を図2(D)に示す。三次元組織体2は、球体状であり、21日間培養後における直径は、約1.2mmであった。
断片化コラーゲンを含む分散液を、断片化コラーゲンの添加量が1.5mgとなるように添加すること以外は、実施例1と同様にして三次元組織体3を得た。マッソントリクローム染色した三次元組織体3の、位相差顕微鏡による観察結果を図2(E)に示す。三次元組織体3は、球体状であり、21日間培養後における直径は、約1.6mmであった。
断片化コラーゲンを含む分散液を、断片化コラーゲンの添加量が3.0mgとなるように添加すること以外は、実施例1と同様にして三次元組織体4を得た。三次元組織体4の7日間培養後における直径は、約4mmであった。
断片化コラーゲンを含む分散液を、断片化コラーゲンの添加量が5.0mgとなるように添加すること以外は、実施例1と同様にして三次元組織体5を得た。三次元組織体5の7日間培養後における直径は、約5mmであった。
断片化コラーゲンを含む分散液を添加しなかったこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして比較三次元組織体1を得た。マッソントリクローム染色した比較三次元組織体1の、位相差顕微鏡による観察結果を図2(B)に示す。比較三次元組織体1は、球体状であり、21日間培養後における直径は、約0.9mmであった。
(心筋モデルの拍動間隔及び拍動力)
上記の方法で得られた三次元組織体1~5及び比較三次元組織体1をそれぞれ、実施例1~5及び比較例1の心筋モデルとした。心筋モデルの拍動間隔及び拍動力は、7日間培養後の心筋モデルの拍動を倒立顕微鏡で動画を撮影、それを画像解析(イメージpro)を用いて観察することにより、評価した。具体的には、心筋モデルが拍動する際に移動する重心の移動距離及び拍動の時間間隔に基づいて評価した。図3は、心筋モデルの拍動間隔及び拍動力の評価方法を説明する図である。心筋モデルの重心は、拍動に応じて、移動する。心筋モデルが収縮した際の重心の移動距離(図3(A)に示す重心から、(B)に示す重心までの距離)と、収縮後に心筋モデルが弛緩した際の重心の移動距離(図3(B)に示す重心から、(C)に示す重心までの距離)とを測定することにより評価を行った。結果を図4~10に示す。
(三次元組織体の構築)
50mgのブタ皮膚由来I型コラーゲン(日本ハム株式会社提供)に5mLの10xリン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)を加え、ホモジナイザーで6分間ホモジナイズした。その後10000rpmで3分間遠心分離し、上澄み液を除去した。ここに5mLの無血清DMEMを加え、1分間ピペッティングにより洗浄した。洗浄後、10000rpmで3分間遠心分離し、上澄み液を除去した。ここに5mLの血清入りDMEMを加えてピペッティングし、断片化コラーゲン(CMF)分散培地(CMF濃度9.8mg/mL)を得た。CMF分散培地からCMF0,1,2,3mgとなるよう分散液をはかり取り、5x105cellsのiPS-CM75%/NHCF25%と混合し、96wellの丸底非接着プレートに播種した(培地量は300μL)。その後、1100gで5分間遠心分離し、CMFと細胞を沈殿させた。遠心後、37℃のインキュベーター内で培養した。培地交換は2日に1回、古い培地を除去し、300μLの新しい培地を加えることで行った。
用いたキット:DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit (50)(69504,QIAGEN)
5x105cellsのiPS-CM75%/NHCF25%のDNA量を、上記キットを用いて測定した。この時のDNA量を基準(100%)とした。7日間培養後の各CMF量の三次元組織体中のDNA量を、上記キットを用いて測定した。下記の式を用いて三次元組織体中の細胞生存率(DNA量の変化率(change of DNA amount))を算出した。
DNA量の変化率(%)=(7日間培養後の三次元組織体のDNA量)/(5×105cellsのiPS-CM75%/NHCF25%のDNA量)×100
(三次元組織体の構築)
用いたキット:Total Collagen Assay Kit(QZBTOTCOL1,QuickZyme Biosciences)
三次元組織体は、上記同様にして構築した。CMFを1mg使用して構築した三次元組織体において、1日培養後のコラーゲンの含有率は、凍結乾燥した三次元組織体を基準として、34重量%であった。三次元組織体におけるコラーゲンの含有量は、上記キットを用いて、上記キットの標準プロトコルにより測定した。
5~6日間培養後の組織体の拍動を、SONY Motion analyzerを用いて撮影し、拍動数を計測した。撮影時は顕微鏡内を37℃に保ち、15~20秒間撮影した。撮影後、一度プレートを顕微鏡から取り出して培地を除去し、300μLのDMEM(薬剤未添加組織)、又は300μLの100nMイソプロテレノール混合DMEMをそれぞれ加え、再び顕微鏡に戻して37℃でインキュベートした。30分、60分、80分インキュベート後にそれぞれの拍動を同様に撮影し、拍動数を計測した。計測結果からイソプロテレノール添加による拍動数の変化率(change rate of beating)を下記の式で算出した。結果は、単位時間当たりの拍動数が増加したことをもって、イソプロテレノールへの応答性が良好であったとした。
拍動数の変化率(%)=(薬剤添加組織の各時間後の拍動数/薬剤添加組織の薬剤添加前の拍動数)/(薬剤未添加組織の各時間後の拍動数/薬剤未添加組織の培地交換前の拍動数)×100
なお、上段の式でイソプロテレノール添加による拍動数の変化率を求め、この値を下段の未添加時の拍動数の変化率(=培地交換による拍動数の変化)で割ることで補正している。
Claims (16)
- 心筋細胞を含む細胞と、コラーゲンと、を含有し、前記細胞の少なくとも一部が前記コラーゲンに接着している三次元組織体からなる、異常拍動心筋モデル。
- 前記細胞が、コラーゲン産生細胞を更に含有する、請求項1に記載の異常拍動心筋モデル。
- 前記コラーゲンの含有率が、前記三次元組織体を基準として10~30重量%である、請求項1又は2に記載の異常拍動心筋モデル。
- 前記コラーゲンが外因性コラーゲンを含む、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の異常拍動心筋モデル。
- 前記コラーゲンが外因性コラーゲンに由来する断片化コラーゲンを含む、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の異常拍動心筋モデル。
- 水性媒体中において、心筋細胞を含む細胞と外因性コラーゲンとを接触させる接触工程、及び
前記外因性コラーゲンが接触した前記細胞を培養する培養工程、を含み、
前記接触工程における前記外因性コラーゲンの使用量が、1.0×105~10.0×105cellsの細胞に対して、0.1mg以上である、異常拍動心筋モデルの製造方法。 - 前記細胞が、コラーゲン産生細胞を更に含む、請求項6に記載の異常拍動心筋モデルの製造方法。
- 前記外因性コラーゲンとして、断片化コラーゲンを含有する、請求項6又は7に記載の製造方法。
- 前記断片化コラーゲンの平均長が100nm~200μmである、請求項8に記載の製造方法。
- 前記断片化コラーゲンの平均径が50nm~30μmである、請求項8又は9に記載の製造方法。
- 前記接触工程又は前記培養工程の間に、前記水性媒体中における前記外因性コラーゲンと前記細胞とを共に沈降させる工程を更に含む、請求項6~10のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記外因性コラーゲンと、前記細胞との質量比が、900:1~9:1である、請求項6~11のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 断片化コラーゲンを含む、異常拍動心筋モデルの形成剤であって、
前記断片化コラーゲンの平均長が100nm~200μmであり、前記断片化コラーゲンの平均径が50nm~30μmである、異常拍動心筋モデルの形成剤。 - 請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の異常拍動心筋モデルを用いた心疾患治療薬の薬効評価方法であって、
前記心疾患治療薬を前記異常拍動心筋モデルに投与する投与工程と、
前記心疾患治療薬を投与した前記異常拍動心筋モデルの拍動の挙動の変化により薬効を評価する評価工程と、を含む、心疾患治療薬の薬効評価方法。 - 前記評価工程において、
前記心疾患治療薬を投与しなかった前記異常拍動心筋モデルの単位時間あたりの拍動数と比較して、前記心疾患治療薬を投与した前記異常拍動心筋モデルの単位時間あたりの拍動数が多かった場合には、心不全治療薬として効果があると評価し、
前記心疾患治療薬を投与しなかった前記異常拍動心筋モデルの単位時間あたりの拍動数と比較して、前記心疾患治療薬を投与した前記異常拍動心筋モデルの単位時間あたりの拍動数が少なかった場合には、心不全治療薬として効果がないと評価する、請求項14に記載の心疾患治療薬の薬効評価方法。 - 前記評価工程が複数回行われる、請求項14又は15に記載の心疾患治療薬の薬効評価方法。
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| EP18850760.2A EP3680327A4 (en) | 2017-09-04 | 2018-09-03 | MYOCARDIAL MODEL OF ABNORMAL HEARTHYTHM AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THEREOF, MEANS FOR MOLDING MYOCARDIAL MODEL OF ABNORMAL CARDIAC ARHYTHM AND METHOD FOR EVALUATING DRUG EFFICIENCY OF HEART DISEASE |
| JP2019539708A JP7710205B2 (ja) | 2017-09-04 | 2018-09-03 | 異常拍動心筋モデル及びその製造方法、異常拍動心筋モデルの形成剤並びに心疾患治療薬の薬効評価方法 |
| US16/644,059 US12326433B2 (en) | 2017-09-04 | 2018-09-03 | Abnormal cardiac rhythm myocardial model and method for producing same, agent for forming abnormal cardiac rhythm myocardial model, and method for evaluating drug efficacy of heart disease therapeutic |
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