CN115245812A - 一种壳聚糖/海藻酸钠/丙烯酰胺复合水凝胶的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种壳聚糖/海藻酸钠/丙烯酰胺复合水凝胶的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
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Abstract
本发明涉及水凝胶吸附材料技术领域,且公开了一种壳聚糖/海藻酸钠/丙烯酰胺复合水凝胶的制备方法。第一步先将海藻酸钠溶于去离子水中,第二步将壳聚糖溶于酸性水溶液中,第三步将前两步溶液混合均匀,加入丙烯酰胺单体、交联剂、引发剂等常温下进行搅拌,使海藻酸钠的羟基上产生自由基,与丙烯酰胺发生聚合,形成聚合大分子物质,烘干后得到壳聚糖/海藻酸钠/丙烯酰胺水凝胶材料。本发明合成步骤简单,对环境友好无污染,所制得的水凝胶材料力学性能优异,并且对废水中的阳离子染料具有很好的吸附作用。本发明水凝胶可以用于纺织印染废水处理和染料吸附等领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水凝胶吸附材料技术领域,更具体地,涉及一种壳聚糖/海藻酸钠/丙烯酰胺水凝胶吸附材料制备方法。
背景技术
水是我们的生命之源,是一切生物赖以生存的基本条件之一。正因为水的存在,才有了这个蔚蓝而美丽的星球,才使人类、动植物等得以生存。但是随着城市的快速发展,工业污染源,农业污染源和生活污染源等使水资源的污染愈发加重,其中最具代表性的是纺织印染行业的废水。如果直接排放未经处理的废水,会对人类健康产生极大的危害,还有可能污染水中的生物以及导致农作物品质降低等,从而破坏生态系统。因此,简单、高效、正确地处理水污染问题迫在眉睫。
目前对于水污染处理的方法主要有化学沉淀法、氧化还原法、物料吸附法等。吸附法具有成本低、对环境友好、处理效果好等优点,对于处理废水显示出巨大的潜力。然而,传统的吸附剂比如活性炭、活性碳纤维、沸石、膨润土等大多存在效果不明显、成本很高、可回收性低等缺点,从而限制了其应用范围。因此研究人员尝试用一些具有可重复利用性、可生物降解性的环境友好型天然生物质吸附材料来替代传统型吸附剂。
水凝胶具有极为亲水的三维网络凝胶结构,可以在水中迅速溶胀并在溶胀状态下可以保持大量体积的水而不溶解,水凝胶中的水含量可以低到百分之几,也可以高达99%。
壳聚糖(chitosan)是甲壳素N-脱乙酰基的产物,其分子结构中的氨基基团反应活性很强,使得该多糖具有优异的生物学功能并能进行化学修饰反应。壳聚糖具有良好的生物相容性,被认为是很有应用潜力的功能性生物材料。但由于其机械性能低,在酸性溶液中稳定性较差等缺点,所以仍需要对其进行结构改性和化学改性。海藻酸钠有吸湿性,易于分散在水中形成透明的胶体溶液。引入海藻酸钠与壳聚糖作为功能单体,可以改善壳聚糖在酸性介质中的稳定性并提高其机械强度。丙烯酰胺基水凝胶中含有大量的羰基、氨基和酰胺基等官能团,对亚甲基蓝等阳离子染料也具有良好的吸附作用,起到污水净化的效果。
基于以上理由,提出本申请。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的上述技术问题,本发明提供一种壳聚糖/海藻酸钠/丙烯酰胺水凝胶的制备方法。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:一种壳聚糖/海藻酸钠/丙烯酰胺水凝胶的制备方法,包括如下过程:
(1)将壳聚糖溶于酸性水溶液中,常温下磁力搅拌使其溶解完全;
(2)将海藻酸钠溶于去离子水中,常温下磁力搅拌使其溶解完全;
(3)将(1)(2)两步溶液在常温下混合均匀,10min后,加入丙烯酰胺、N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺以及过硫酸铵,继续磁力搅拌1h后取出,放入真空干燥箱24h后得到壳聚糖/海藻酸钠/丙烯酰胺复合的水凝胶。
作为一个优选方案,步骤(1)中,所述的酸性水溶液为冰醋酸水溶液、甲酸水溶液或硝酸水溶液。
作为一个优选方案,步骤(1)中,所述的酸性水溶液为冰醋酸水溶液。
作为一个优选方案,步骤(1)中,所述的酸性水溶液的体积浓度为0.01%~1%。
作为一个优选方案,步骤(1)中,所述的酸性水溶液的体积浓度为0.1%。
作为一个优选方案,步骤(3)中,所述真空干燥箱中温度为70℃。
本发明的有益效果:本发明所制备的壳聚糖/海藻酸钠/丙烯酰胺三维网络交联的水凝胶对于废水中的阳离子染料特别是亚甲基蓝染料具有很好的吸附效果,比如吸附量大、稳定性好、可重复利用性好等,并且具有较好的力学性能。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施例,对本发明作进一步说明,所述的实施例只是为了解释本发明,而不能理解对本发明的限制。
实施例1:具有吸附功能的壳聚糖/海藻酸钠/丙烯酰胺水凝胶的制备。
(1)将0.75g壳聚糖溶于30ml0.1%的乙酸溶液中,磁力搅拌使其溶解完全。
(2)将2.25g海藻酸钠溶于90ml去离子水中,在常温下进行磁力搅拌至其溶解完全。
(3)将溶解后的两份溶液在常温下缓慢混合均匀并移入烧杯中,然后加入30g丙烯酰胺、0.3gMBA(N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、)以及0.3gAPS(过硫酸铵),继续磁力搅拌1h后取出,放入真空干燥箱24h后得到壳聚糖/海藻酸钠/丙烯酰胺交联的水凝胶。
(4)对(3)中得到的水凝胶用小刀切成黄豆大小的小块。放入真空干燥箱48h后取出,研磨成小颗粒,称取多份0.05g干凝胶装入无纺布茶包袋中备用。
实施例1-1
将装有0.05g干凝胶颗粒的无纺布茶包袋投入到40ml浓度为25mg L -1的亚甲基蓝溶液中,在室温条件下吸附1h,于25℃下恒温振荡12h,测定亚甲基蓝的吸附量,吸附量为36mg/g。
实施例1-2
将装有0.05g干凝胶颗粒的无纺布茶包袋投入到40ml浓度为25mg L -1的亚甲基蓝溶液中,在室温条件下吸附2h,于25℃下恒温振荡12h,测定亚甲基蓝的吸附量,吸附量为44mg/g。
实施例1-3
将装有0.05g干凝胶颗粒的无纺布茶包袋投入到40ml浓度为25mg L -1的亚甲基蓝溶液中,在室温条件下吸附8h,于25℃下恒温振荡12h,测定亚甲基蓝的吸附量,吸附量为47mg/g。
实施例1-4
将装有0.05g干凝胶颗粒的无纺布茶包袋投入到40ml浓度为25mg L -1的亚甲基蓝溶液中,在室温条件下吸附10h,于25℃下恒温振荡12h,测定亚甲基蓝的吸附量,吸附量为52mg/g。
实施例1-5
将装有0.05g干凝胶颗粒的无纺布茶包袋投入到40ml浓度为25mg L -1的亚甲基蓝溶液中,在室温条件下吸附27h,于25℃下恒温振荡12h,测定亚甲基蓝的吸附量,吸附量为58mg/g。
实施例1-6
将装有0.05g干凝胶颗粒的无纺布茶包袋投入到40ml浓度为25mg L -1的亚甲基蓝溶液中,在室温条件下吸附38h,于25℃下恒温振荡12h,测定亚甲基蓝的吸附量,吸附量为61mg/g。
实施例2:具有吸附功能的壳聚糖/海藻酸钠/丙烯酰胺水凝胶的制备。
(1)将0.7g壳聚糖溶于30ml0.1%的乙酸溶液中,磁力搅拌使其溶解完全。
(2)将2.0g海藻酸钠溶于90ml去离子水中,在30℃下进行磁力搅拌至其溶解完全。
(3)将溶解后的两份溶液在常温下缓慢混合均匀并移入烧杯中,然后加入30g丙烯酰胺、0.3gMBA(N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、)以及0.3gAPS(过硫酸铵),继续磁力搅拌1h后取出,放入真空干燥箱24h后得到壳聚糖/海藻酸钠/丙烯酰胺三维网络交联的凝胶。
(4)对(3)中得到的水凝胶用小刀切成黄豆大小的小块。放入真空干燥箱48h后取出,研磨成小颗粒,分别称取0.05g装入无纺布茶包袋过滤袋中备用。
实施例2-1
将装有0.05g干凝胶颗粒的无纺布茶包袋投入到40ml浓度为25mg L -1的亚甲基蓝溶液中,在室温条件下吸附1h,于25℃下恒温振荡12h,测定亚甲基蓝的吸附量,吸附量为32mg/g。
实施例2-2
将装有0.05g干凝胶颗粒的无纺布茶包袋投入到40ml浓度为25mg L -1的亚甲基蓝溶液中,在室温条件下吸附2h,于25℃下恒温振荡12h,测定亚甲基蓝的吸附量,吸附量为40mg/g。
实施例2-3
将装有0.05g干凝胶颗粒的无纺布茶包袋投入到40ml浓度为25mg L -1的亚甲基蓝溶液中,在室温条件下吸附8h,于25℃下恒温振荡12h,测定亚甲基蓝的吸附量,吸附量为43mg/g。
实施例2-4
将装有0.05g干凝胶颗粒的无纺布茶包袋投入到40ml浓度为25mg L -1的亚甲基蓝溶液中,在室温条件下吸附10h,于25℃下恒温振荡12h,测定亚甲基蓝的吸附量,吸附量为45mg/g。
实施例2-5
将装有0.05g干凝胶颗粒的无纺布茶包袋投入到40ml浓度为25mg L -1的亚甲基蓝溶液中,在室温条件下吸附27h,于25℃下恒温振荡12h,测定亚甲基蓝的吸附量,吸附量为49mg/g。
实施例2-6
将装有0.05g干凝胶颗粒的无纺布茶包袋投入到40ml浓度为25mg L -1的亚甲基蓝溶液中,在室温条件下吸附38h,于25℃下恒温振荡12h,测定亚甲基蓝的吸附量,吸附量为51mg/g。
实施例3:具有吸附功能的壳聚糖/海藻酸钠/丙烯酰胺水凝胶的制备。
(1)将0.5g壳聚糖溶于30ml0.1%的乙酸溶液中,磁力搅拌使其溶解完全。
(2)将1.5g海藻酸钠溶于90ml去离子水中,在30℃下进行磁力搅拌至其溶解完全。
(3)将溶解后的两份溶液在常温下缓慢混合均匀并移入烧杯中,然后加入30g丙烯酰胺、0.3gMBA(N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、)以及0.3gAPS(过硫酸铵),继续磁力搅拌1h后取出,放入真空干燥箱24h后得到壳聚糖/海藻酸钠/丙烯酰胺三维网络交联的凝胶。
(4)对(3)中得到的水凝胶用小刀切成黄豆大小的小块。放入真空干燥箱48h后取出,研磨成小颗粒,分别称取0.05g装入无纺布茶包袋中备用。
实施例3-1
将装有0.05g干凝胶颗粒的无纺布茶包袋投入到40ml浓度为25mg L -1的亚甲基蓝溶液中,在室温条件下吸附1h,于25℃下恒温振荡12h,测定亚甲基蓝的吸附量,吸附量为30mg/g。
实施例3-2
将装有0.05g干凝胶颗粒的无纺布茶包袋投入到40ml浓度为25mg L -1的亚甲基蓝溶液中,在室温条件下吸附2h,于25℃下恒温振荡12h,测定亚甲基蓝的吸附量,吸附量为35mg/g。
实施例3-3
将装有0.05g干凝胶颗粒的无纺布茶包袋投入到40ml浓度为25mg L -1的亚甲基蓝溶液中,在室温条件下吸附8h,于25℃下恒温振荡12h,测定亚甲基蓝的吸附量,吸附量为39mg/g。
实施例3-4
将装有0.05g干凝胶颗粒的无纺布茶包袋投入到40ml浓度为25mg L -1的亚甲基蓝溶液中,在室温条件下吸附10h,于25℃下恒温振荡12h,测定亚甲基蓝的吸附量,吸附量为42mg/g。
实施例3-5
将装有0.05g干凝胶颗粒的无纺布茶包袋投入到40ml浓度为25mg L -1的亚甲基蓝溶液中,在室温条件下吸附27h,于25℃下恒温振荡12h,测定亚甲基蓝的吸附量,吸附量为45mg/g。
实施例3-6
将装有0.05g干凝胶颗粒的无纺布茶包袋投入到40ml浓度为25mg L -1的亚甲基蓝溶液中,在室温条件下吸附38h,于25℃下恒温振荡12h,测定亚甲基蓝的吸附量,吸附量为48mg/g。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何违背本发明的精神实质与原理下所做的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种壳聚糖/海藻酸钠/丙烯酰胺复合水凝胶的制备方法,包括以下配方原料及组分,其特征在于:5-10份壳聚糖、20-25份海藻酸钠、25-40份丙烯酰胺、2-6份N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、2-6份过硫酸铵。
2.一种壳聚糖/海藻酸钠/丙烯酰胺复合水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下过程:(1)将壳聚糖溶于酸性水溶液中,常温下磁力搅拌使其溶解完全;(2)将海藻酸钠溶于去离子水中,常温下磁力搅拌使其溶解完全;(3)将(1)(2)两步溶液在常温下混合均匀,10min后,加入丙烯酰胺、N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺以及过硫酸铵,常温下磁力搅拌1h后取出,放入干燥箱24h后得到壳聚糖/海藻酸钠/丙烯酰胺复合水凝胶。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备办法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述的酸性水溶液为冰醋酸水溶液、甲酸水溶液或硝酸水溶液,体积浓度为0.01%~1%。
4.更进一步地,步骤(1)中,所述的酸性水溶液为冰醋酸水溶液,步骤(1)中,所述的酸性水溶液的体积浓度为0.1%。
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